Glosario de Arquitectura.

 Acroterion: Pedestal or
base of an ornament or statue
placed at the corners or at the
apex of a roof or a frontispiece.
Also the ornament or statue in
 Abacus: In classical itself.
architecture, flat and square
slab that is placed on top of the  Adhisthana: In Indian
capital of a column. In the architecture, high platform or
Roman Doric has some plinth on which a temple is
molding. built.

 Abocinado:Oblique  Adobe: Sun-dried mud

arrangement of the walls in bricks, used in Spain, Africa,
relation to the wall New Mexico and Latin
America.
 Ábside: The semicircle or
polygon termination of a part of  Adytum: Space of the
the building, such as side Greek temple in which the
aisles or the choir of a church. statue of a god is placed. It is
also known as naiskos or
 Acanto: Plant whose leaves sekos.
are the basis of the decoration
of the Corinthian and
composite capitals.

 Acropolis: Cindadela or
fortress of a Greek city that
contains temples and other
buildings, as in Athens.
 Aedicule: Sanctuary inside
a temple that contains a statue
and is framed by two columns
and a frontispiece. Sometimes
it refers to marquetry with
columns of an opening, such
as doors or windows.
 Almena: Parapet or wall,
 Ágora: Open space used as often around a castle, with
a market or meeting place in a loopholes through which they
Greek city. Equivalent to the defended themselves against
Roman forum, it was generally attackers. The high sections
surrounded by colonnades are known as battlements.
and public buildings.
 Aloaria: Each of the
 Agralado: Concerns curvilinear triangles that form
heraldic pieces, coins and the ring of a dome.
architectural ornaments.
 Altar: Elevated structure,
 Ajimez: Double window with often a slab or stone slab, in
common central column. which religious offerings and
 Alamín: Official that in the rituals are made. Used in many
old thing contrasted the ancient cultures for sacrifices.
weights and measures and it In the Christian churches it can
appraised the provisions. be adorned with sculptures
 Alarife: Architect or master of and other decoration.
works. Alero: Bottom part of
the roof, that goes out of the
 Ancón: Each of the two
wall and serves to divert from it brackets (shelves) placed on
the rainy waters. either side of a span to support
the cornice.
 Alarm of Campanillas:
Structure of a roof where bells
are hung.

 Aleros: Lower edge of a

sloping roof.

 Aqueduct: Artificial channel
to carry water, either below the
ground or above, with a slight
gradient to allow water to flow.
Invented by the Romans, it
was often brick and included
arches.
 Architrave: Bottom of the
entablature (molding), which
rests immediately on the
capital of the column.
 Arimez Muro: I emphasize
that, as a reinforcement or as
an ornament, there are usually
some buildings.
 Aspillera: Vano narrow and
elongated of a wall.
 Atarjea: Brick box with
which the pipes are dressed
for their defense. Conduit or
covered by where the waters
of the house go to the sink.
Canalito masonry, at ground
level or on arches, which
serves to drive water.
 Atizonar: Link and secure
the link in a masonry work with
stones placed to blight. // Make
a wood enter and rest on a
wall.
 Attic: Last floor of a building,
lower roof than the lower ones,
which is built to conceal the
start of the roofs and
sometimes for decoration.
Body that is placed by
ornament on the cornice of a
building.
 Baquetón: Semi-cylindrical
molding.
 Bay: Space between two
load-bearing walls.
 Bollard: Post that is placed
to prevent the passage of
vehicles
 Borne: Contour the columns.
Arrange and move
appropriately the ashlars and
other pieces of architecture
until they sit down and leave
them in place. Twist the wood,
make bows.
 Buttress: Outgoing
reinforcement of a wall.
 Cabezote: Stone without
styling and of good size used
in masonry.
  Cimborrio: Cylindrical body
that serves as base for the
dome and rests immediately
on the arches torales. Semi-
spherical vault that covers the
building or part of it.
 Can: Head of a beam of the
 Cocó: (In Cuba). White soil
interior ceiling, which loads on
used by masons for masonry
the wall and protrudes to the
works and concrete floors.
exterior, holding the crown of
the cornice.  Corbel: Overhang on a wall
on which columns or arches
 Capialzado: It is said of the
are supported.
arch or lintel more raised by
one of its fronts to form the spill  Dimension:Put dimensions
or decline in a door or window. on the topographic,
architectural, sketch, etc.
 Capialzar: Raise an arch or
Change the magnitudes of a
lintel on one of its fronts to form
problem to accommodate the
the spill overturned on a door
calculation.
or window.
 Capitel: Top of the column
 Dintelar: Make lintels or
build a thing in the form of
and the pilaster that crowns
lintel. Formwork: Mold formed
them with different figures and
with metal boards or sheets, in
ornaments, according to the
which the concrete is emptied
architectural style to which
until it sets, and then
they correspond.
dismantled.
 Capitell Pillow: In the
Byzantine and Romanesque
architectures, block or slab
placed on the top of an
abacus.

 Chain: Stone masonry with

which a masonry or brick wall
is fortified.

 Dome: Primitive form of
dome, obtained by successive
approximation of courses. Iron
tower, round, covered and
revolving, which has some
armored ships, inside which
carry one or more large caliber
guns.
 Dovela: Each of the wedge-
shaped stones that form an
arch.
 Duplex: House with two
floors connected to each other
by an internal staircase, usually
parallel.
 Eave: Bottom part of the roof
or roof that protrudes from the
Wall.
 Elevation: Descending
transverse slope that is given
to the crown towards the
center of the horizontal
alignment curves.
 Espadaña: Wall with bays
to house bells.
 Expansion zone: These
are the areas destined for new
urban developments.
 Extrados: Exterior and
convex surface of a voussoir.
 Eyebrow: Part that
protrudes a little in some
things, such as in book
bindings, in dresses, in some
works of architecture and
carpentry, etc.
 Facade: Any exterior facing
of a building; although by
default, it refers to the front or
main, indicating more data
otherwise (rear facade, north
facade, etc.)
 Faldon: Set of the two
canvases and lintel that forms
the mouth of the fireplace.
 Falleba: Rod of iron corked
at its ends, fastened in several
rings and used to secure doors
or windows.
 False ceiling: Constructive
element located at a certain
distance from the floor or
ceiling itself. Also called
ceiling, it uses prefabricated
pieces, usually aluminum,
steel, PVC or plaster.
 Faucet: Fantastic animal
with head and wings of eagle
and body of lion.
 Ferrallista: Operator in  Goterón: Channel that is
charge of folding and placing made in the inferior face of the
conveniently the rod or the iron crown of the cornice, in order
round to form the skeleton of a that the water of rain does not
reinforced concrete work. run by the sofito.
 Gruja: Concrete of small
 Fillo de Esquinillas:
stones, sand and cement.
Decoration used in the
Mudejar style consisting of  Hastial: Facade of a
arranging bricks with their building.
protruding corners forming a
kind of saw.  Imafronte: Hastial of the
feet of the temple.
 Fishbone: Decoration in
which the bricks are placed in  Imposta: Highlighted
two rows making their vertices molding that divides two
coincide. bodies of a wall.

 Frieze: Normally horizontal  Jamba: Vertical and flat

strip, much wider than long, support that surrounds a vain
and that supports different and on which they support
decorations. archivolts.

 Frieze: Normally horizontal  Lattice: Decorative

strip, much wider than long, architectural element
and that supports different consisting of a perforated
decorations. panel to close openings, such
as windows and balconies, to
 Friso: Part of the
prevent visibility from the
cornicement that mediates outside, although allowing the
between the architrave and the view from inside, as well as the
cornice, where foliage and entry of light and air.
other ornaments are usually
put.

 Fuste: Intermediate
cylindrical part of a column.
 represented divided into two
parts. It symbolizes the
temptation and deceit of the
flesh.

 Metopa: Space between two

corbels.
 Lift: Smooth part, or exterior  Mustache: Compass
face, of a building. Also a provided with an adjustable
design projected in a vertical rod to fix its opening.
plane that shows the face of a
building.  Nacela: Molding with
concave profile of quarter of
 Lintel: Horizontal structural cylinder.
element that saves a free
space between two supports. It  Nartex: Interior porch at the
is the superior element that entrance of the temple.
allows to open holes in the
walls to form doors, windows  Needle: Fine spire, whose
or porticos. base is on the roof of a tower,
and which is surrounded by a
 Lintel: Top of the doors, narrow parapet walk.
windows and other holes that
load on the jambs.  Óculo: Vano of circular form.

 Mainel: Pillar or column that  Overlove: Lintel of the door.

vertically divides a span in two.
 Pantocrator: Almighty
 Mandorla: Almond shaped God.
nimbus that surrounds the
Pantocrator.
 Pechina: Each of the four
spherical triangles that serve
 Masonry: Unworked stone. to pass from the square of the
transept to the circle of the
 Mermaid: Fabulous animals dome that they hold.
with trunk and human head
and fish tail, usually
 Pilaster: Pilar attached to a
wall.
 Pillar: Square stem support.
 Pinjante: Adornment that
hangs from the upper part of
the factory.
 Plastering: Revocation
with which a wall of poor
materials is covered.
 Plinth. Square piece on
which a column rests.
 Podium: Pedestal on which
several columns are
supported.
 Presbytery: Space located
between the nave and the
apse in which the cult is
developed.
 Ring: Circular or oval cornice
that, seated in the pendentives
and the four arches torales,
serves as base to the dome or
half orange. In urbanism:
complex or road structure.
 Roof: Constructive element
that protects the buildings in
the upper part and, by
extension, the structure that
supports it. In certain cases, it
is also called roofing.
 Rosette: Open circular
window with ornaments and
traceries.
 Salmer: Last stone of an
arch, the closest to the summit.
 Sardinel: Bricks laid out to
form a frieze.
 Sbreaking: Arch built on a
lintel or threshold to relieve the
weight that would burden
them.
 Scotland: Concave
molding.
 Scroll: Adornment wound in
spiral.
 Short: Bottom plane of the
projection of a cornice or other
cantilevered body.
 Sillar: Each one of the stones
carved usually in the shape of
rectangular parallelepiped that
are part of a construction of
ashlar masonry.
 Skylight: Open window in  Tablero: (In engineering).
the ceiling or in the highest part Slab of a bridge.
of the walls.
 Tajea: Sewer that serves to
 Slang: Hollow through which give way to water under the
the downspouts are roads.
introduced.
 Talúdes: Incline of a wall or
 Socavation: Material that a terrain.
is lost from the foundation of
piles or stirrups.  Tejaroz: Alero flown on a
cover.
 Sparse: Space between an
arch and its frame.  Testero: Header. Normally it
is used when it is flat.
 Stabanco: Spinning that is
placed on the cornice to lift the  Tetramorphs: Set of the
starts of an arch or vault. symbols of the four
Evangelists according to the
 Stand: Piece in the form of a Apocalypse.
rod that serves to articulate or
hold other pieces. Hangman:  Tile: Small tile.
Horizontal, double or single
 Toco: Niche or rectangular
course, brick in a factory of
niche very used in Inca
earth or masonry; hangman
architecture.
 Step: It is the element that
 Townhouse: It refers to a
facilitates comfortable access
column that projects from a
to different levels.
wall or pillar.
 Stirrup: Buttress.
 Traba: thin and flat stone
 Strapping: Perpendicular placed on the edge of the
reinforcement of the masonry wall.
longitudinal bars of the
 Trasdos: Convex part of an
reinforced concrete elements
arch or vault.
subjected to compression.
 Tympanum: Semicircular  Zanca: It is a resistant
space included between the element on which the rungs of
internal archivolt and the lintel. a ladder are supported or
anchored.
 Umbral: Bottom or step,
usually stone and opposite the  Zigurat: Staggered and
lintel, at the door or entrance of pyramidal tower, characteristic
a house. of Assyrian and Chaldean
religious architecture.
 Vain: It is any opening in a
wall or factory such as window
or door openings, and is also
used to refer to the distance
between supports in a
structure.

 Vault: Small vault that is

forged between beam and
beam of the ceiling of a room,
to cover the space included
between them. Formerly they
were made of plaster; today
they are made of brick or
concrete.

 Vetustez: Refers to the

degree of old age or seniority
of a real estate.

 Zampeado: Work that is

made of wooden chains and
masonry massifs, to
manufacture on false terrains
or invaded by water.

 Zampeo: Mastering with

crushed stones