PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors

 immune compromised status
 severely malnourished
 low socio-economic status
 systemic infection
Etiology
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
inhalation of infected droplet
 Age
 Occupation (health care workers)
 repeated close contact with infected
persons

transmitted through the airways

partial occlusion of the bronchi & alveoli

bronchioles and alveoli

interferes w/ the diffusion of O2 & CO2

deposition & multiplication in the apices of lungs

areas of the lungs inadequately ventilated

transported via lymph system & blood stream

 oxygen carrying capacity dyspnea

inflammatory reaction

phagocytosis tissue hypoxemia tachypne

TB specific lymphocyte  pallor

 weakness
 fatigue
produce T-lytic enzyme  tachycardia

lyse bacteria & alveolar tissue

 productive cough
production of exudates
 phlegm crackles

granulomas surrounded by macrophage Monica Marie A. Morales

Gordon College BSN III-A2
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

formed a protective wall

transformed to a fibrous tissue mass

center portion is Ghon tubercle

material (bacteria & macrophage) become necrotic

formed cheesy mass

calcified

formed collagenous scar

bacteria become dormant

after initial exposure & infection

 immune system

bacteria become resistant

survive d & liberated

active infection develop

 fever  lytic enzyme

ulceration of Ghon tubercle hemoptysis Monica Marie A. Morales
Gordon College BSN III-A2
 BMR recurrent atelectasis
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

anorexia chills & causeous necrosis release of cheesy material into bronchi productive cough >2 weeks
sweating
cachexia scarring/cavitation Ghon tubercle heals
night
weight recurrent forming scar tissue

extensive parenchymal lesion on CXR

lung consumption

 alveolar tissue

 Oxygen

Death

Monica Marie A. Morales

Gordon College BSN III-A2