A Detailed Lesson Plan

In Language

I-OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, the students will able to:
a. define parallelism,
b. identify the forms where parallelism can be observed, and
c. manifest appreciation by using parallelism in writing tasks.

II-SUBJECT MATTER:
A. TOPIC: Parallelism
B. REFERENCE: Grammar First
A Communicative Way in Learning Grammar
Jessie S. Barrot, pp.235-245
C. MATERIALS: book, power point presentation, marker, visual aid
D. SKILL FOCUS: constructing parallel sentences

III-PROCEDURE:
A.PREPARATION:
Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
1. Prayer
Jinky, kindly lead us a prayer.
Students pray.

2. Greetings and checking of attendance

Good afternoon class!
Good afternoon, ma’am!
Is there anyone who’s out for today?
No one, ma’am.
Very good!

3. Review
Class, what was our topic last meeting?
Yes, PJ?
Ma’am, it was all about subject-verb
agreement.
That’s right, PJ! And what is the general
rule in S-V agreement? Yes, Rino?
Singular subject requires singular verb
and plural subject requires plural verb.
Correct! So, our last topic is clear to all
of you?
Yes, ma’am.

Shall we proceed to the new one?

 Yes, ma’am

B.MOTIVATION:
Class, divide yourselves into two groups.
I have here a passage; you have to read it
carefully. Remember as many information
as possible. I’ll give you 5 min. Then
afterwards, I’ll be asking some questions
regarding the passage. You may confer
with one another before giving your
answers. One representative will go to the
front and write their answers. In every
correct answer, you’ll gain 3 points. Of
course, the group with the highest score Yes, ma’am.
will be the winner. Is it clear, class?
Are you all ready to read?
Yes, ma’am.
Ok, your 5 min. starts now.

Vitamin A
Many years ago, several people had been suffering from atrophy of epithelial
tissue and night blindness, in which the ability of their eyes to see in dim light is
impaired. The said cause of these diseases was vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble chemical that regulates membranes, facilitates bone
growth, increases reproduction ability, enhances embryonic development, and makes skin
healthier. Vitamin A can be produced synthetically or naturally. The best sources of this
vitamin are green and yellow vegetables, dairy products, liver, and fish-liver oils.
Despite the beneficial effects of vitamin A, excessive intake of it may cause
hypervitaminosis A. Its symptoms include irritability, vomiting, loss of appetite,
headache, drying of skin, and scaling of skin. With this, vitamin A should also be taken in
cautiously and moderately.

Time’s up. Are you ready with the game?

Yes, ma’am.
Okay, here’s the first question:
What are the two diseases associated with
vitamin A deficiency?
(after the game)
Did you enjoy the activity, class? Yes, ma’am.
Class, what did you observe in your
answers for each questions? Yes, Joy Ann?
Ma’am, I observed that there is a pattern
in each answer, that if the first word is noun
the following words are also nouns, same is
true with adjectives, verbs, etc.
 Precisely!

C.PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION:
Speaking of pattern, this will be our
lesson for today. In English, we call this
parallelism.
Based from your classmates answer, can
you define what parallelism is? Yes,
Patricia?
Ma’am, parallelism is putting the same
structure and function of words in a
sentence.
Exactly! Parallelism means that a series
of elements share the same grammatical
form. Elements sharing the same function
within a sentence should also share the
same grammatical form. Is it clear class?
Yes, ma’am.
Parallelism can be observed in the
following forms:
Can you read the first one, Mark?
Many years ago, several people had been
suffering from epithelial tissue and night
blindness.
Are the two nouns parallel with each
other?
Yes, ma’am.
How about in adjective, will you read the
example, Melinda?
Vitamin A helps our body to be healthy
and strong.
Where are the adjectives there? Yes, Joy
Ann?
Healthy and strong, ma’am.
That’s right! Do they share the same
form and function?
Yes, ma’am.
Next is verb, kindly read the example,
Mark?
Vitamin A regulates membranes,
facilitates bone growth, increases
reproduction ability, enhances embryonic
development, and makes skin healthier.
Will you find the verbs in that sentence,
Patricia?
Facilitates, increases, enhances, and
 makes ma’am.
Correct! It’s so obvious that they are in
parallel construction, right, class?
Yes, ma’am.
The last is adverb, kindly read the
example, Rino?
There are synthetically and naturally
produced Vitamin A.
Are the adverbs in that sentence parallel
with each other?
Yes, ma’am.
That’s right! So parallelism in words is
clear to you, class?
Yes, ma’am.
So, let’s proceed to parallelism in
gerunds and infinitives. Kindly read the
example PJ?
He wanted three things out of college: to
learn a skill, to make good friends, and
learning about life.
Do you think the parallelism of infinitives
in that sentence is right?
No, ma’am.
So, who among you can correct this
sentence? Yes, Rino?
He wanted three things out of college: to
learn a skill, to make good friends, and to
learn about life.
Excellent! How about parallelism in
gerund? Will you read the sentence,
Marinel?
The land is shifting and shrinks.
Is that example correct?
No, ma’am.
So, can you give me the corrected one?
Yes,Joy Ann?
The land is shifting and shrinking.
Very good, Joy Ann. So, let’s proceed to
parallelism in phrases. Will you read the
sentence Patricia?
Politicians rarely acknowledge problem
or is proposing alternative.
Is this sentence correct?
No. ma’am.
So, who can give me the correct one?
Yes, PJ?
 Politicians rarely acknowledge problem
or propose alternative.
Correct! Let’s proceed to parallelism in
clauses. Kindly read the sentence, Jinky?
My ideas are, first, the strategic planning
is integral; second, that it is executable.
Is it correct?
No, ma’am.
Then, will you give me the correct one?
Yes, Mark?
My ideas are, first, that the strategic
planning is integral; second, that it is
executable.
Very good, Mark! The last one is
parallelism in prepositions and articles.
Remember that an article or a preposition
applying to all the members of a series
must either be used only before the first
term or also be repeated before each term.
Would you mind to read the first example,
Jinky?
In Manila, Cavite, or in Cebu
Do you think is this correct?
No, ma’am.
So, will you correct it? Yes, Melinda?
In Manila, In Cavite, or in Cebu
Correct! It can also be used just before
the first term; In Manila, Cavite, or Cebu
Are the forms of parallelism clear to you,
class?
Yes, ma’am.
Is there any question?
None, ma’am.

D.APPLICATION
Okay, let’s have an activity. Again, go to
your respective group.

TASK 1
Directions: Revise the following sentences to make the listed elements parallel in
structure. Add, delete words, or rephrase if necessary.

1. The Philippines has been joining various international sports competition: the
Olympic Games, games held in Asia, and the games sponsored by Southeast
Asian countries.
 2. The most popular of these three is the Olympic Games. Formal as it is, Olympics
follows certain formal procedures. These are the ceremony to open the game,
competition proper, and ceremony to close the game.

3. The primary goals of Olympics are building brotherhood, to develop physical

strength, and promote fair play.

4. The games are open for both men and for women.

5. Olympic Games happen every four years. During this four-year gap, players from
different countries are undergoing rigid training. The sprinters are cutting their
running time; the routines of the gymnasts are being perfected; the weightlifters
must increase their strength; and the high jumpers increase their leap.

6. If players have made a record-breaking performance during the finals, they

receive gold medal, financial support is given by their respective countries, and
they are praised by their fellow citizens.

7. In the past several decades, the Philippine contingent has performed well in sports
like taekwondo, games for gymnasts, in the field of boxing, and playing
basketball.

Did you enjoy the activity, class?

Yes, ma’am.
You’re all good; it seems that you really
understand our lesson.

E.GENERALIZATION:
Again, what is parallelism, class? Yes,
Jinky?
Parallelism means that a pair of elements
in a sentence shares the same grammatical
form.
That’s right! And parallelism can be
observed in what forms? Yes, Patricia?
Parallelism in words like nouns,
adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
Very good! What else? Yes Joy Ann? Parallelism in gerunds and infinitives
ma’am.
Correct! Another? Yes PJ? Parallelism in phrases and clauses,
ma’am.
Precisely! For the last one, yes, Rino? Parallelism in prepositions and articles,
ma’am.
Very good!
F.VALUE INTEGRATION:
Class, what do you think is the
importance of having knowledge about
parallel construction of words in a
sentence? Yes, Mark?
Ma’am, if we know how to construct
parallel words in a sentence, we will be
more precise with our ideas.
Exactly! And we will be easily
understood. Who else? Yes, Melinda?
Parallelism adds unity, force, clarity and
balance to our writings.
Precisely! It’s really good to hear those
implications that you learned from our
lesson.

IV-EVALUATION:
Kindly get one half sheet of paper. For
your quiz, read the following texts about
good lifestyle. Correct the sentences by
making them parallel with one another. Just
write the answers. Is it clear class?
Yes, ma’am.
Okay, start now.

QUIZ:
A good lifestyle makes your life happier, (1) strong, and (2) healthy. Being
healthy means exercising regularly, (3) eat a balanced meal, and (4) to avoid bad habits.
Active lifestyle is a key factor in staying healthy. Many studies have shown that
regular exercise prevents weakness, (5) irritate, and (6) stressful. An exercise program
can be divided into two: cardiovascular exercises, such as swimming, (7) make a jog and
(8) ride a bicycle; and exercises to build muscles.
Good health also means avoiding habits that are dangerous to our health. These
include overeating, (9) cigarette smoke, (10) drink alcohol, and (11) using prohibited
drugs.
You are the creator of your own health. You can have a better lifestyle through
proper eating, (12) exercise regularly, and (13) avoid bad habits.

V-AGREEMENT:
Class, have a further reading regarding
prepositions.
Again, are there questions, class?
None, ma’am.
If none, let’s call it a day. Good bye class? Good bye, ma’am.