B.sc. (Agriculture) (Four Year Course) Part-II (Semester III & IV)

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
Schemes of Studies and Examination for the B.Sc (Agriculture)

Part – II 2015-2016, 2016-17, 2017-18 Examinations
Part - II (Semester - III)

Paper Subject Paper Period per week Marks Internal Total
No. Assessment Marks
Theory Practical Total
I English Theory 6 0 6 75 25 100
II Soil Science Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60
Practical 40 0 40
III Elements of Vegetable Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60
Growing
Practical 40 0 40
IV Agri. Engg. & Land Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60
Surveying
Practical 40 0 40
V Animal Husbandry Theory 4 3 7 44 16 60
Practical 40 0 40
VI Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Theory - - - 75 25 100
Gian/Elementary Punjabi
Total 33 12 45 600
Part - II (Semester - IV)

Paper Subject Paper Period per week Marks Internal Total
No. Assessment Marks
Theory Practical Tota
l
VII Principles of Economics Theory 6 0 6 75 25 100
VIII Animal Management & Theory 4 3 7 44 16 60
Breeding
Practical 40 0 40
IX Basic Botany Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60
Practical 40 0 40
X Field Crops Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60
Practical 40 0 40
XI Manures & Fertilizers Theory 6 3 9 44 16 60
Practical 40 0 40
XII Environmental & Road Theory 6 0 6 70 30 100
Safety Awareness Qualifying
Paper
XIII Punjabi compulsory/ Theory - - - 75 25 100
Mudla Gian/Elementary
Punjabi
Total 34 12 46 600
SYLLABUS
OUTLINES OF TEST
SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR
B.Sc (AGRICULTURE) PART-II

SEMESTER-III
PAPER – I : ENGLISH
B.Sc. (Agriculture) Part II (Semester-III)
English
(For the Sessions 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018)
Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will be of
30 marks each. Section C will consist of 15 very short-answer type questions which will cover
the entire syllabus and carries 15 marks.
Text Prescribed: Eight short plays ed. by Jagdish Chander
(Waterloo and A Distant Relative not to be studied)
UNIT-I
1) One essay type question with an internal alternative based on character, summary,
significance of title.
15
2) Short answer questions. Five questions to be attempted out of the given eight in about 50-60
words each.
10
3) Explain with reference to context one dialogue out of the given two.
5
UNIT-II
Text Prescribed: The Written Word: Vandana R. Singh
The Student's Companion: Wilfred D. Best.
1) Make a precis of the given passage and give it a suitable title.

10
2) Translation of a given passage of 15 sentences into English
15
3) One word substitute: The student is expected to attempt any five sentences out of the given
eight.
5
UNIT-III
Section C will cover the entire syllabus. All 15 questions to be answered in one sentence each.
15x1=15
PAPER - II : SOIL SCIENCE

Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment : 16
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Section A and B will have four questions
from the respective sections of the syllabus and will carry 7 marks each. The section C will consist of 8
short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 16 marks in all.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt two questions from each section A and B and the entire section C.
Theory
Section–A
Introductory knowledge of soil: A natural body, Edaphology and Pedology.
(1) Origin (Rocks and Minerals) Earth crust and its composition.
(2) Formation (Weathering): Soil forming processes and factors of soil formation
(3) Soil profile horizons.
(4) Elementary ideal systems of soil classification, their limitations and merits.
(5) Soil mineral matter, soil colloids, ionic properties of soil cation and anion exchange.
(6) Soil Organic matter –its composition, decomposition, function, humus formation, Maintenance.
(7) Soil air – its amount, capacity, composition, movement and importance.
(8) Soil temperature.
Section-B
(1) Soil Reaction: Method of expression of pH value and buffering of soil.
(2) Acidic, saline and alkali soils; their formation, influence on plant growth and control.
(3) Lime requirements and liming of soil.
(4) Soil Micro- organisms.
(5) Influence of Micro – organisms on soil condition and plant growth.
(6) Important groups of Soils of Punjab and India, their distribution and properties, (Brief accounts
only).
(7) Soil as a three phase system, soil texture, Soil structure and its classification.
(8) Soil fertility and its management.
PRACTICALS
Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.
Identification of important rocks and minerals. Examination of soil profile in the fields. Soil sampling and
use of augers, soil survey of a farm. Determination of absolute and apparent specific gravity. Water
holding capacity, analysis of irrigation water for pH and conductivity. Interpretation of soil test report.
Books Recommended
Brady, Nyle CC : The Nature and properties of soil Macmillan Publishing Co.,
New Delhi
Tenhane R.V. Motiramani : Soil theory chemistry and fertility in tropical Asia.
D.P, Bali V.P & : Prentice hall of Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.
Donnahue Royl.
Roth, H.D., and Turk L.H. : Fundamentals of soil science Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Yawlkar, K.S.Aggarwal, J.P & : Manures & Fertilizer. Agri/KA, Publishing Co. Nagpur
Bakele S.
PAPER–III : ELEMENTS OF VEGETABLE GROWING
Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44



Section-A
Scope, importance and types of vegetables, Cultivation practices including soil and climatic requirements,
Varieties, seed rate, time of sowing, spacing, Fertilizers and manures, Irrigation, Hoeing and weed
control, Plant population, Pests and diseases, Harvesting and yield of potato, Cole crops (Cabbages and
cauliflower), Root crops, Bulb crops, Peas and beans, Solanaceous fruit vegetables, cucurbits and okra.
Section-B
Classification of vegetable crops, Storage and seed production of potato, cole crops (Cabbages and
cauliflower), Root crops, Bulb crops, Peas and beans, Solanaceous fruit vegetables, cucurbits and okra.
PRACTICALS
Identification of various crops, varieties and seeds. Preparation of field for sowing, transplanting of
different crops. Application of manures and fertilizers. Sowing, nursery raising, transplanting and other
cultural operations for various crops. Planting plants for different kinds of vegetables and calendar of
operations.
Note: The practical works done by the students during the semester is to be recorded in a note
book which is to be signed by the teacher concerned. Candidates will be examined practically on
work recorded in the note book.
Books Recommended
M.S. Dhaliwal : Hand Book of Vegetable crops.

G.S. Sani : Text Book of vegetable production.
PAU Lud : Package of practices for cultivation of vegetables.
Yawlkar : Vegetable crops.
Vishnu Swarup : Vegetable science and technology in India.
Prem Nath, S. Velayudhan : Vegetables for Tropical Regions.
& D.P. Singh
M.K. Rana : Scientific Cultivation of Vegetables.
Paper-IV : Agricultural Engineering and Land Surveying

Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internal Assessment: 16


Theory
Section-A
Internal combustion (IC) Engines and terminology. Working principles of two stroke and four stroke
engines, Valve timing, Cooling, lubrication and governing systems. Simplest calculations of Horse
Power. Tractors, types and manufacturer Companies. Working and constructional details of centrifugal
pumps.
Principles of operation, elementary idea about constructional details and adjustments of Harrows, Mould
board plough, Disc plough, Cultivators, Seed–cum–fertilizer drills, Calibrations of Seed-cum-fertilizer
drills, Paddy transplanter, Potato planter, Maize planter and sugar cane planter, Harvesting combines.
Section-B
Introduction to Principles of planning and construction of farm building including dairy Farm, Farm
Roads, their layout and formation. Main use of electricity on farms and in farm houses, selection of
electric motors for farms use, repair and maintenance of motors on the farm.
Introduction to Fundaments of Surveying – Chain Surveying : units, measurements and equipments for
chain survey. Simple, process of taking off sets, field books and plotting with conventional signs,
Instrument Surveying : adjustments, use and care of prismatic Compass Level. Leveling Measurement of
angles and simpler traverses recording levels.
PRACTICALS
Study of fuel lubrication and cooling system of engines and transmission system in tractors. Battery
charging.
Use of surveying instruments, Measurement of distance by taking off – sets.
Finding angles between the lines with a prismatic : Determination of difference in heights of two points.
Study of Four stroke cycle engine. To study various parts of disc harrows, Seed Drills and power
Threshers. Calibration of seed drills.
Books Recommended
OJha, T.P : Principles of Agri. Vol. –I Jain Brothers, Publishers, New Delhi.
Michale, A.M : Farm Power and Machinery, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.
Smith Kanis Person : Farm Machinery and Equipments; Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.
New Delhi.
Wills L. Hang : Agri. Engg. Land Surveying, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
New Delhi.
Jain,S.C. and Rai,C.R. : Tractor Engine.
PAPER-V : ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

Theory
Section-A
Importance of livestock to the Agriculture and its relation to National Economy. Livestock census, Milk
Production in India, Per capita consumption of milk in various states of India as compared with some
Western Countries.
Study of Breed of:
(i) Cow i.e. Sahiwal, Hariana Red Sindhi and their crosses with exotic breeds.
(ii) Buffaloes, Murrah, Nilli, Surti, Mehsana.
(iii) Other livestocks: breeds of sheep, pig, poultry commonly found in the state of Punjab, Haryana and
Himachal only.
(iv) Exotic Cows, Holsterin Fresion, Jersey, Red Dane and Brown Swiss.
General hints about selection of livestock, store – card performance, pedigree and history sheet.
Section-B
Anatomy and physiology of digestion and reproduction of cattle and poultry, Endocrine organs.
Hormones and their role in animal body.
Feeding stuff and their classification, study of roughages, silage making and hay making and
concentrates. General principle of feeding cattle, buffaloes and poultry, preparation of ration, DCP &
TIN. Feeding standards, their merits, demerits and applicability under Indian conditions. Food
requirement for work, milk, meat and egg production.
PRACTICALS
External body parts of cow, sheep, pig and poultry. Alimentary organs of cow, sheep, pig and poultry.
Handling and methods of restraint for cows and buffaloes for milking. Selection and judging of cows,
buffaloes, bulls, bullocks and poultry.
Finding out weight of animals for body measurements by formula. Determination of age (a)
Dention (b) Horns. Numbering of animals :
(a) Tattoing (b) Notching
(c) Branding (d) Eartags
Dehorning : Canstic Touch Hot iron method, Electric Dehorner, Computation and preparation of rations
for cows, buffaloes, heifers, bulls, bullocks, sheep, pig and poultry.
Books Recommended
Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.

Harbans and Moore : Livestock and Poultry Production, Prentice Hall of India.
Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.
Juergensens E.M. & Mortenson W.P. : Approved practices in Dairying,
Oxford I.B.U. Publishing, New Delhi.
Eigan, W.M. Reeges Paul, : Dairy Cattle Feed, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Morning & Williamson G.K. Payre, : Management Animal Husbandary in the Tropic,
Longam & Co. London.
W.J.A., G.S. Banerjee, : An Itroduction Text-Book of Animal Husbandary,
Oxford I.B.H. New Delhi.
Dev, D.S. : Poultry Farming, P.A.U. Bulletin.
Jagdishwar Sahai : Elements of Agriculture Engineering.
Irshad Ali : Agriculture Machinery & Land Surveying.
PAPER-VI : Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gian
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਩ੰ ਜ਻ਬ਽ ਱਻ਜ਼ਮ਽ (ਮਾੁੱਢ਱਻ ਼ਗਆਨ)
2017-18 ਸੁ਺ਸ਼ਨ ਱ਈ
ਸਮੁਸਟਰ ਤ਽ਜ਻
ਕਾ਱ ਅੰ ਕ : 100 ਩਻ਸ ਹੂਣ ਱ਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 35
ਅੰ ਦਰਿਨ਽ ਮਾ਱ਾਂਕਣ : 25 ਅੰ ਕ ਅੰ ਦਰਿਨ਽ ਮਾ਱ਾਂਕਣ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਩਻ਸ ਹੂਣ ਱ਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 09
ਬ਻ਹਰ਽ ਩ਰ਽਼ਖਆ: 75 ਅੰ ਕ ਬ਻ਹਰ਽ ਩ਰ਽਼ਖਆ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਩਻ਸ ਹੂਣ ਱ਈ ਅੰ ਕ : 26
ਸਮਾਂ : 3 ਘੰ ਟੀ (ਅ਼ਧਆ਩ਨ: 50 ਩਽ਰ਽ਅਡ,)
਩਻ਠਕਰਮ ਅਤੀ ਪ੍ਰ਼ਸ਼ਨ-਩ੁੱਤਰ ਦ਽ ਰਿ਩-ਰੀਖ਻

ਭ਻ਗ-ੳ
਼ਨਰਧ਻ਰਤ ਩ਾਸਤਕ: ਩ੰ ਜ਻ਬ਽ ਦ਽ ਩਻ਠ ਩ਾਸਤਕ, ਬ਱ਦੀਿ ਼ਸੰ ਘ ਚ਽ਮ਻,
਩ਬ਱਽ਕੀਸ਼ਨ ਼ਬਊਰੂ, ਩ੰ ਜ਻ਬ਽ ਯਿਨ਽ਿਰ਼ਸਟ਽, ਩਼ਟਆ਱਻
(ਇਸ ਩ਾਸਤਕ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਕੀਿ਱ ਕ਼ਿਤ਻ ਿ਻਱਻ ਭ਻ਗ ਇਸ ਸਮੁਸਟਰ ਦੀ ਼ਸ਱ੀ ਬਸ ਿਜੋਂ ਩਼ਹਿਆ ਜ਻ਣ਻ ਹੁ।
ਭ਻ਗ- ਅ
ਅ-1 ਼ਿਸ਼ਰ਻ਮ ਼ਚੰ ਨ ਦ਽ ਿਰਤੂ
ਅ-2 ਸਬਦ ਜੂਹਾਂ ਦ਽ ਸਾਧ਻ਈ
ਅ-3 ਩ੁਰ਻ ਰਚਨ਻: ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਕ ਜਾਂ ਸੈਂਰ ਸ਩਻ਟੀ ਨ਻਱ ਸਬੰ ਧਤ
ਭ਻ਗ-ੲ
ਉ਩ਰੂਕਤ ਩਻ਠਕਰਮ ਤੀ ਆਧ਻ਰਤ ਸੰ ਖੀ਩ ਉੱਤਰਾਂ ਿ਻਱ੀ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ।
ਅੰ ਕ ਿੰ ਡ ਤੀ ਩ੀ਩ਰ ਸੁੁੱਟਰ/ ਩ਰ਽਼ਖਆਰਥ਽ ਱ਈ ਹਦ਻ਇਤਾਂ

1. ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥ਽ਆਂ ਨੇ ਩ੰ ਜ਻ਬ਽ ਭ਻ਸ਼਻ ਅਤੀ ਗਾਰਮਾਖ਽ ਼਱਩਽ ਦ਻ ਮਾਢ਱਻ ਼ਗਆਨ ਩ਰ਻਩ਤ ਕ਽ਤ਻ ਹੁ। ਇਸ ਱ਈ ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥ਽ਆਂ
ਦੀ ਭ਻ਸ਼਻ ਅਤੀ ਼਱਩਽ ਦੀ ਼ਗਆਨ ਨਿੰ ਼ਧਆਨ ਼ਿਚ ਰਖ਼ਦਆਂ ਸਰ਱, ਸ਩ਸ਼ਟ ਅਤੀ ਛੂਟੀ ਉੱਤਰਾਂ ਿ਻਱ੀ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਹ਽ ਩ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜ਻ਣ।
2. ਸ਻ਰੀ ਭ਻ਗਾਂ ਼ਿੁੱਚੋਂ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਩ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜ਻ਣ।
3. ਸਰ਱ ਤੀ ਸ਩ਸ਼ਟ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਩ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜ਻ਣ।
4. ਿਰਣ਻ਤਮਕ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਨ਻ ਩ਾੁੱਛੀ ਜ਻ਣ।
5. ਱ੂ ਹ ਅਨਾਸ਻ਰ ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥ਽ਆਂ ਨਿੰ ਛੂਟ ਜਾਂ ਚੂਣ ਦੀਣ਽ ਱਻ਜ਼ਮ਽ ਹੁ।
6. ਭ਻ਗ ੳ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਼ਕਸੀ ਕ਼ਿਤ਻ ਦੀ ਸਰ਱ ਅਰਥ ਜਾਂ ਸ਻ਰ (਩ੰ ਜ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਦੂ) 2x05=10 ਅੰ ਕ
7. ਼ਕਸੀ ਕ਻਼ਿ ਟਾਕਹੀ ਤੀ ਭ਻ਿ ਅਰਥ (਼ਤੰ ਨ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਇਕ) 05 ਅੰ ਕ
8. 15 ਸਬਦ ਦੀ ਕੀ 10 ਸਬਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਬਦ ਜੂਹ ਸਾਧ ਕਰਨੇ 10 ਅੰ ਕ
9. ਼ਕਸੀ ਼ਦੁੱਤੀ ਩ੁਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਿ਻ਕਾਂ ਼ਿਚ ਼ਿਸ਼ਰ਻ਮ ਼ਚੰ ਨਾਂ ਦ਽ ਿਰਤੂ 10 ਅੰ ਕ
10. ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥ਽ਆਂ ਦੀ ਜ਽ਿਨ ਦੀ ਼ਕਸੀ ਆਮ ਼ਿਸ਼ੀ ਨ਻਱ ਸਬੰ ਧਤ ਩ੁਰ਻ ਰਚਨ਻ 10 ਅੰ ਕ
11.ਭ਻ਗ ੲ ਼ਿਚ ਩਻ਠ ਩ਾਸਤਕ(ਕ਼ਿਤ਻ਿਾਂ) ਤੀ ਆਧ਻ਰਤ ਸੰ ਖੀ਩ ਉੱਤਰਾਂ ਿ਻਱ੀ 15 ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਩ਾੁੱਛੀ
ਜ਻ਣਗੀ। ਼ਿ਼ਦਆਰਥ਽ ਨੇ ਸ਻ਰੀ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਕਰਨੇ ਹੂਣਗੀ। ਹਰੀਕ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਦ਻ ਉਤਰ 3-4 ਸਤਰਾਂ ਼ਿਚ ਦੀਣ਻ ਹੂਿੀਗ਻। ਹਰੀਕ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ ਦੀ
2 ਅੰ ਕ ਹੂਣਗੀ। 15x2=30 ਅੰ ਕ
SYLLABUS
OUTLINES OF TEST
SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR
B.Sc (AGRICULTURE) PART-II

SEMESTER-IV
PAPER–VII : PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs. Internet Assessment : 25


Theory
Section-A
Nature, Economic problems, basic problems of an economy, economic analysis and economic policy and
tools of economics.
Gross National Product: Concepts and components, method of computation problems and difficulties in
computation especially in under developed countries.
Theories of Demand: the classical utility approach, the indifference curve approach, derivation of demand
curves, elasticities of demand.
Theory of production: Production function, elasticity of substitution Theory of cost Revenue and Revenue
curves.
Section-B
Price Determination: Price Determination under different market situations, perfect competition,
monopoly, monopolistic competition, Monopoly versus competition.
Pricing of factors of Production
Money and Banking: Definition and components of money, functions of money, functions of commercial
and central banks.
Public Finance: Objectives of fiscal policy, principles of taxation, incidence of taxation, public debt, its
burden and role, deficit financing.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Jather & Berry : Elementary Principles of Economics.

Sen, D.N. : Elementary Economics (Text Book), Calcutta.
Dewett, K.K. : Modern Economics Theory, Premier Publishing Co. Delhi.
Samuelson : Economics & Introductory Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
T. R. Jain : Micro- and Macro Economics: Introduction.
T.R. Jain : Macro Economics.
T.R. Jain : Public Finance & International Trade.
Paper-VIII : Animal Management and Breeding



Theory
Section-A
General care of cattle, grooming, exercise, bathing, milking, observation of oestrum, dairying care during
pregnancy and at parturition production of clean milk.
Care of calves: Care and Feeding of newly born and weaned calves, numbering, tattooing, notching,
branding and ear tagging, dehorning, castration and daily weight gains.
Bull : Feeding, handling, exercise and service of Bull. Sheep, Pigs, and Poultry : Management housing
breeding and feeding. Principles and methods of incubation, breeding, rearing and housing of poultry.
Marking of eggs and birds, Broiler Production, Economics of Poultry farming.
Section-B
Principles of up-grading of buffaloes and cows. Various systems of breeding, Crossbreeding, Sire and
Dam Importance, Pedigree and Selection, linkage, heredity, important terms in breeding.
Artificial Insemination, Merits and demerits. Reproduction, Gestation, Fertility, Sterility, Castration and
Abortion.
Location of Dairy farms, grouping of different farm buildings, types of dairy farms, Sanitation drainage of
cattle sheds. Supply of clean and fresh water.
Signs of health and diseases, infections and contagious diseases, their causes, symptoms and treatment,
Milk fever and sterility. Vaccination Schedules.
Intensive Cattle Development Project, Key Village Scheme, National Dairy Development Board.
PRACTICALS
Methods of milking and milk recording. Collection of semen, its evaluation and extension,
Technique of insemination pregnancy, diagnancy diagnosis. Recording of body temperature, pulse and
respiration. Grading of eggs. Debeaking, Record keeping. Identification and use of common veterinary
instruments and medicines.
Administration of drugs and medicines: Drenching. Electuary, passerines, Anema, Douching
and medicines, etc. Preparation of common remedies such as ointments, lotions, mixture, polluties and
dressing of wounds.
Cleaning, sterilization and disinfection of utensils, appliances and premises. Incubator operations.
Breeding of chicks, Restraint, castration and canonization.
Books Recommended
Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.

Harbans and Moore : Livestock and Poultry Production, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi.
Juergensens E.M. & Mortenson W.P. : Approved practices in Dairying,
Oxford I.B.U. Publishing, New Delhi.
Eigan, W.M. Reeges Paul, : Dairy Cattle Feed, john Wiley & Sons, New York.
Morning & Williamson G.K. Payre, : Management Animal Husbandary in the Tropic,
London & Co. London.
W.J.A., G.S. Banerjee, : An Introduction Text-Book of Animal Husbandary,
Oxford I.B.H. New Delhi.
Dev, D.S. : Poultry Farming, P.A.U. Bulletine.
Jagdishwar Sahai : Elements of Agriculture Engineering
Irshad Ali : Agriculture Machinery & Land Surveying
PAPER-IX : BASIC BOTANY

Theory
Section-A
General characteristic features of different groups of plants – Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes,
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Evolution: Fossils, homologous organs, vestigial organs, Atavism,
Theories of organic Evolution, Lamarck’s theory, Darwin’s theory and Hugo De Vries theory of
Evolution. Variations, their types and Causes.
Section-B
Ecology : Ecological factors and their effects on the vegetation. Morphological and anatomical characters
of hydrophytes and xerophytes. Brief concept of Ecosystem, its components, food chain, food web,
ecological pyramids concept of biosphere. Source, effects and control measures of air, water and soil
pollution, Plant succession, lithosere and Hydrosere.
Physiology : Cell as a physiological unit of function absorption of water and minerals from soil, Passive
and active absorption, Ascent of sap, transpiration , signification of transpiration, Anti transpirants and
Guttation. Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments, Photo system-I, Photo system-II, Calvin cycle, C3
and C4 plants. Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron transport chain and anaerobic respiration.
Photoperiodism and vernalization Hormones and their applications in Agriculture.
PRACTICALS
1. Morphology and studies of Spirogyra, Rhizopus, Funaria, Dryopteris, Pinus and Mustard.
2. Morphology of some xerophytes and hydrophytes. Study of T.S. Hydrilla stem and
V.S. leaf of Nerium.
Demonstration of following experiments

3. Light, Chlorophyll and CO2 necessary for photosynthesis.
4. To compare the rate of transpiration by four leaf experiment.
5. CO2 evolved during respiration.
6. Demonstration of anaerobic respiration.
7. Effect of rooting hormones on root differentiation.
Books Recommended
H.N Srivastava : Diversity of Microbes & Cryptogams Vol-I.

H.N. Srivastava : Diversity of seed Plants & their Systematic.
H.N. Srivastava : Plant Physiology.
H.N. Srivastava : Ecology & Utilizations of Plant.
N.C.E.R.T : Biology.
K.N. Bhatia & M.P. Tyagi : Elementary Biology.
G.M. Smith : Cryptogrammic Botany Vol-II.
Dutta : Botany for degree Students.
V.K. Jain : Fundamentals of Plant Physiology.
V.Verma : Text Book of Plant Physiology.
Odum & Barrett : Fundamental of Ecology.
PAPER-X : FIELD CROPS


Theory
Section-A
Botany, Cultivation Practices, Improved varieties and harvesting of:
Cereals: Wheat, Maize, & Rice.
Millets: Bajra & Sorghum.
Oilseeds: Raya, Groundnut & Sunflower.
Sugar Crops: Sugarcane.
Fibre Crops: Cotton.
Section –B
Botany, Cultivation Practices, Improved varieties and harvesting of:
Pulses : Gram, Soybean, Arhar,& Moong.
Fodder Crops: Barseem, Lucerne & Cluster bean.
Tuber Crops: Potato.
Botany,part used and medicinal value of : Celery & Mentha.
PRACTICALS
Practical study of the cultivation, Preparation of seed bed, application of manure, sowing and harvesting
and threshing techniques of crops studied in theory. Recognition and Judging of crops for maturity and
yield. Quality tests in crops; lint in cotton, juice in sugarcane.
The students to cultivate co-operatively a block of land following a suitable rotation with all agronomic
practices.
Estimation of crops yield.
Nursery raising techniques.
Visit to experimental farm of crops.
Books Recommended
Pearson : Handbook of Agriculture ICAR, New Delhi.
Fugh B.M : Production of field Crops in India, Kitabistan, Allabhabad.
Harlison C.M : Field Crops, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.
P.A.U Bulletin : Package of practices for Rabi Crops.
P.A.U Bulletin : Package of practices for Kharif Crops.
Chhidda Singh, Prem Singh & : Modern techniques of rasing field Crops.
Rajbir Singh
Reddy S.R : Agronomy of Field Crops.
PAPER-XI : MANURES AND FERTILIZERS


Theory
Section-A
Mineral constituents of soil, Arnons‘s criteria of essentiality of an element, essential plant nutrient
elements (macro and micro), their sources, content in soil and functions.
Mechanism of absorption, deficiency symptoms in plants. Availability in soils, mechanism of
transformation in soil.
Section-B
Fertilizers: Their classification.
Nitrogenous fertilizers: their chemistry, behavior in soil, urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride,
sodium nitrate.
Phosphatic Fertilizers: Single superphosphate Bicalcium Phosphate, Triple Superphospate their
chemistry and behavior in soil.
Potash Fertilizers: Potassium nitrate, Potassium chloride, Potassium sulphate, their chemistry and reaction
in soils.
Complex Fertilizers: UAP, MAP, DAP, Micronutrients in fertilizers for important crops.
Farm yard manures, green manures, Biofertilizers and Vermicomposts.
PRACTICALS
Estimation of Nitrogen in the soil and plants.

Identification and characteristics of common fertilizers.
Types of manures and their effects.
Preparation of farm yard manure, green manure and vermi compost.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
 Brady, Nyle CC : The Nature and Properties of Soil.
McMillan Publishing Co., New Delhi.
 Tenhane R.V. Motiramani, : Soil Theory Chemistry and Fertility
D.P., Bali V.P & in Tropical Asia. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
 Roth, H.D., and Truk L.H. : Fundamentals of Soil Science.
Wiley Eastern Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
 Yawlkar, K.S. Aggarwal, J.P : Manures & Fertilizer-Agri/
KA Balkele S. Pulishing Co.Nagpur.
 Ranjan Kumar Basak : Fertilizers: A Text Book
All UG Courses - II Year(Annual & 4th Semester)
Environmental and Road Safety Awareness
Session: 2017-18, 2018-19 & 2019-20
Total Marks : 100 Max Time: 3 hrs.
Theory : 70 marks Lectures per week 5
Internal Assessment: 30 Total Credit : 50
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS

The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus. Each question shall carry 11 marks.
Section C will consist of 13 short answer type questions of 2 marks each.

Candidates are required to attempt any two questions from each section A and B. Section C is
compulsory.
PRIVATE STUDENTS
Max Marks: 100 Max Time: 3hrs.
Lectures per week 5
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS
The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have
four questions from the respective sections of the syllabus. Each question shall carry 15 marks.
Section C will consist of 20 short answer type questions of 2 marks each.
Candidates are required to attempt any two questions from each section A and B. Section C is
compulsory.
SECTION-A
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. Definition, scope and importance
Concept of Biosphere – Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere. (Credit -2)
ECOSYSTEM & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecosystem and its components, Types of Ecosystems
Biodiversity - Definition and Value, Threats to biodiversity and its conservation
Level of biological diversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; biogeographic zones of
India; biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots.
India as Mega-biodiversity nation;Endangered and endemic species of India.
Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic and
informational value.
(Credit -6)
NATURAL RESOURCES–RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Land resources and landuse change; land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.
Deforestation: causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment, Forests,
Biodiversity and tribal populations.
Water: Use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water, Floods, droughts, conflicts over
water (international & inter-state)
Energy resources: renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources,
growing energy needs, case studies.
(Credit -8)
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Pollution : types,causes,effects and controls; Air, Water, Soil and noise
pollution. Nuclear hazards and human health risks Solid waste management : Control measures
of urban and Industrial waste. Pollution case studies.
(Credit -6)
SECTION-B
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAWS IN INDIA

Environmental protection act for; Air (Prevention and control of pollution), Water (Prevention
and Control of pollution), Wild life, Forest Conservation, Issues involved in the enforcement of
environmental legislation.Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Environmental policies & Practices; Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion,
acid rain and imapcts on human communities and agriculture.
(Credit -5)
Human Communities and the Environment
Human population growth: Impacts on environment, human health and welfare. Resettlement
and rehabilitation of project affected persons; case studies. Disaster management: floods,
earthquake, cyclones and landslides. Environment movements: Chipko, Silent valley, Bishnois
of Rajasthan. Environmental ethics: Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in
environmental conservation.
Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies (e.g., CNG vehicles in Delhi)
(Credit -5)
ROAD SAFETY AWARENESS
Concept and significance of Road safety, Traffic signs,Traffic rules,Traffic Offences and
penalties, How to obtain license, Role of first aid in Road Safety.
(Credit -5)
Stubble Burning
Its meaning : Why Stubble burning ,Alternatives to Stubble Burning,
Environmental and Health effects/Hazards, Policies to control Stubble burning.
(Credit -4)
Field Work
Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river/Forest/Flora/Fauna, etc.
Visit to Local polluted site –urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural.
Study of common Plants, Insects, Birds and basic principles of identification.
Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, Delhi Ridge, etc.
(Credit -5)
Prevalence
1. Extent and management of crop stubble

2. Impact on Health and Environment.
3. Alternative uses of crop stubble.
4. Environmental Legislations and Policies for Restriction of Agriculture Residue Burning
in Punjab.
(Credit -4)
Suggested Readings :
1. Carson,R.2002. Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2. Gadgil.M., & Guha,R.1993. This Fissured Land : An Ecological History of India.Univ. of
California Press.
3. Gleeson, B. and Low, N.(eds.)1999. Global Ethics and Environment, London, Routledge.
4. Gleick,P.H.1993. Water in Crisis.Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev. Environment &
Security .Stockholam Env. Institute,Oxford Univ.Press.
5. Groom , Martha J., Gary K. Meffe, and Carl Ronald Carroll.Principles of Conservation
Biology.Sunderland : Sinauer Associates, 2006.
6. Grumbine,R.Edward, and Pandit,M.K.2013. Threats from India's Himalays dams.
Science,339:36-37.
7. McCully,P.1996. Rivers no more: the environmetal effects of dams (pp.29-64). Zed
Books.
8. McNeill,John R. 2000. Something New Under the Sun : An Environmental History of the
Twentieth Century.
9. Odum, E.P., H.T & Andrews, J.1971. Fundamentals of Ecology.Philadelphia : Saunders.
10. Pepper,I.L., Gerba ,C.P & Brusseau,M.L.2011. Environmental and Pollution
Sciences.Academic Press.
11. Rao, M.N. & Datta,A.K.1987. Waste Water Treatment.Oxford and IBH Publishing
Co.Pvt.Ltd.
12. Raven, P.H., Hassenzahl, D.M. & Berg, L.R.2012,Environment. 8Th edition. John Wiles
& Sons.
13. Rosencranz, A., Divan, S., & Nobie, M.L. 2001. Environmental law and policy in India.
Tripathi 1992
14. Sengupta, R. 2003. Ecology and economics: An approach to sustainable development.
OUP.
15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. 2014. Ecology, Environmental Science and
Conservation. S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.
16. Sodhi, N.S. Gibson, L. & Raven, P.H. (eds). 2013. Conservation Biology: Voices from
the Tropics. John Wiley & Sons.
17. Thapar, V. 1998. Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent.
18. Warren, C.E. 1971. Biology and Water Pollution Control. WB Saunders.
19. Wilson, E.O. 2006. The Creation: An appeal to save life on earth. New York:Norton.
20. World commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future.
Oxford University Press.
PAPER-XIII : Punjabi compulsory/ Mudla Gian
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gkmeqw ns/ gqPB^gZso dh o{gô/yk
Gkr^T
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n^2 ftnkeoDL
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(ii) tke pDso ns/ tke ouBk
(iii) T[gtke pDso L gSkD s/ ekoi
Gkr^J
ਭ਻ਗ ੳ ਅਤੀ ਅ ਦੀ ਼ਿਆਕਰਣ ਿ਻਱ੀ ਭ਻ਗ ਼ਿਚੋਂ ਸੰ ਖੀ਩ ਉਤਰਾਂ ਿ਻਱ੀ ਩ਰਸ਼ਨ।
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jo/e gqPB d/ 2 nze j'Dr/. 15x2=30 nµe
;jkfJe gkm^;wZroh
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2H vkH i'frµdo f;µx g[nko ns/ j'o, gµikph GkPk dk ftnkeoD Gkr^.., gµikph GkPk nekdwh ibµXo,
1992
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uµvhrVQ.
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5H y'I gfsqek (rbg ftP/P nze), gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk.
਩ੰ ਜ਻ਬ਽ ਱਻ਜ਼ਮ਽ (ਮਾੁੱਢ਱਻ ਼ਗਆਨ)
2017-18 ਸੁ਺ਸ਼ਨ ਱ਈ
ਸਮੁਸਟਰ ਚ੃ਥ਻
ਕਾ਱ ਅੰ ਕ:100 gk; j'D bJh nze L 35
;wK L 3 xzN/ nfXnkgBL 50 ghohnv
gkmeqw ns/ gqaPB^gZso dh o{gô/yk
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gpbhe/PB fpT{o', gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk
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9H ਼ਨਜ਽ ਼ਚੁੱਠ਽ ਜਾਂ ਩ੁੱਤਰ। (ਦੂ ftu'A ਇਕ) 09nze
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j'Dr/. jo/e gqPB dk T[so ftu d/Dk j't/rk. jo/e gqPB d/ 2 nze j'Dr/. 15x2=30 nµe

B.sc. (Agriculture) (Four Year Course) Part-II (Semester III & IV)

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PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA

Schemes of Studies and Examination for the B.Sc (Agriculture)

Part - II (Semester - III)

Part - II (Semester - IV)

B.Sc (AGRICULTURE) PART-II

Max Marks: 100 Theory: 75

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER

1) Make a precis of the given passage and give it a suitable title.

Max Marks: 60 Theory: 44

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Max Marks : 40 Duration of the Paper: 3 hrs.

M.S. Dhaliwal : Hand Book of Vegetable crops.

Max Marks: 60 Theory: 44

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.

e[b nze L 100 gk; j'D bJh nzeL35

gkmeqw ns/ gqPB^gZso dh o{g^o/yk

nµe^tµv s/ g/go ;?ZNo bJh jdkfJsK

਩਻ਠਕਰਮ ਅਤੀ ਪ੍ਰ਼ਸ਼ਨ-਩ੁੱਤਰ ਦ਽ ਰਿ਩-ਰੀਖ਻

ਅੰ ਕ ਿੰ ਡ ਤੀ ਩ੀ਩ਰ ਸੁੁੱਟਰ/ ਩ਰ਽਼ਖਆਰਥ਽ ਱ਈ ਹਦ਻ਇਤਾਂ

B.Sc (AGRICULTURE) PART-II

PAPER–VII : PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Max Marks: 100 Theory : 75

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Jather & Berry : Elementary Principles of Economics.

Max Marks: 60 Theory : 44

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Singh, H., : Hand Book of Animal Husbandary, ICAR, New Delhi.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Demonstration of following experiments

H.N Srivastava : Diversity of Microbes & Cryptogams Vol-I.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Estimation of Nitrogen in the soil and plants.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTERS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

ECOSYSTEM & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAWS IN INDIA

1. Extent and management of crop stubble

e[b nze L 100 gk; j'D bJh nze L35

gkmeqw ns/ gqPB^gZso dh o{g^o/yk

nµe^tµv s/ g/go ;?ZNo bJh jdkfJsK

gkmeqw ns/ gqaPB^gZso dh o{g^o/yk

fBoXkos g[;seL gzikph dh gkm g[;se, pbd/t f;zx uhwk,

nze tzv s/ g/go ;?ZNo/ ਩ਰ਽਼ਖਆਰਥ਽ bJh jdkfJsK

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