INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

Section I: Introduction and PART 2 Related Symptoms

General Neurosurgery 1
Overview and Controversies 8 Neuro-ophthalmology 149
Janet C. Rucker
William T. Couldwell, Basant K. Misra, Volker Seifert, Ugur Türe,
and H. Richard Winn

PART 1 History
9 Neurotology 150
1 Historical Overview of P. Ashley Wackym

Neurosurgery 8
James Tait Goodrich and Eugene S. Flamm 10 Neurourology 151
Lara S. MacLachlan, Brett D. Lebed, and Eric S. Rovner

2 Surgical Anatomy of the PART 3 Overview of Radiology

Brain 49
Hung Tzu Wen, Albert L. Rhoton, Jr.,† and Antônio C.M.
MussiCHAPTER 3 Surgical 11 Computed Tomography
and Magnetic Resonance
3 Surgical Anatomy of the Imaging of the Brain 152
Thomas Aquinas Kim, Aleksandrs Uldis Kalnins, and Robert W.
Skull Base 76 Prost

Arnau Benet, Michael T. Lawton, Michel Kliot, and Mitchel S.

Berger

12 Radiology of the Spine

4 Improving Patient Safety 187
Todd M. Emch, Ajit A. Krishnaney, and Michael T. Modic
107
John D. Rolston, Catherine Y. Lau, and Mitchel S. Berger

13 Physiologic Evaluation of
5 Neuroanesthesia: the Brain with Magnetic
Resonance Imaging 215
Preoperative Evaluation 112 Amish H. Doshi, Luke Gerke, Joseph Marchione, Pascal Bou-
Deepak Sharma and Arthur M. Lam Haidar,
and Bradley N. Delman

6 Complication Avoidance in 14 Molecular Imaging of the

Neurosurgery 125
Nirit Weiss, Ronit Gilad, and Kalmon D. Post Brain with Positron Emission
Tomography 216
7 Coagulation for the Antonio A. F. De Salles, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Alessandra
Gorgulho, and William P. Melega

Neurosurgeon 142
Shahid M. Nimjee, Andrew Crofton, Nathan Oh, Wolff Kirsch,

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 4 Intensive Care

15 Intracranial Pressure 22 Positioning for Peripheral

Nerve Surgery 242
Monitoring 217 Allen H. Maniker
Michael C. Huang, Vincent Y. Wang, and Geoffrey T. Manley

16 Principles of 23 Incisions and Closures

243
Neurocritical Care 224 Elizabeth G. Zellner and John A. Persing
Kimon Bekelis, Brandon K. Root, Imad Saeed Khan, Robert J.
Singer, and Perry A. Ball

24 Brain Retraction 244

17 The Neurosurgical Christina Sarris, Ryan Holland, Rachid Assina, and Charles J.
Prestigiacomo

Intensive Care Unit and the

Unique Role of the
Neurosurgeon 230
25 Visualization and Optics
Richard Tyler Dalyai, Jack I. Jallo, and Robert H. Rosenwasser
in Neurosurgery 251
Jeffrey M. Sorenson, Jon H. Robertson, Andrew W. Grande, and
Matthew T. Brown

PART 5 The Operating Room

18 Surgical Planning: An 26 Advantages and

Limitations of Cranial
Overview 235
Gabriel Zada, Frank J. Attenello III, Martin Pham, and Martin H. Endoscopy 262
Weis Jeroen R. Coppens, James K. Liu, and William T. Couldwell

19 Surgical Simulation and 27 Thorascopic Spine

Robotic Surgery 239 Surgery 271
Christopher A. Sarkiss, Jonathan Rasouli, Warren R. Selman, and Ricky Raj Singh Kalra, Meic H. Schmidt, and Rudolf W. Beisse
Joshua B. Bederson

20 Positioning for Cranial 28 Cranioplasty 280

Matthew A. Piazza and M. Sean Grady

Surgery 240 PART 6 Geriatric Neurosurgery

Irene Kim, Russell G. Strom, and John G. Golfinos

21 Positioning for Spinal 29 Production and Flow of

Cerebrospinal Fluid 281
Surgery 241 Conrad E. Johanson
Jason A. Ellis and Peter D. Angevine

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

30 Clinical Evaluation of 38 The Use and Misuse of

Adult Hydrocephalus 282 Antibiotics in Neurosurgery
Luke Macyszyn and Sherman C. Stein
340
Ciro Vasquez, Kristen E. Jones, Matthew A. Hunt, and Stephen J.

32 The Role of Third Haines

Ventriculostomy in Adults and

Children: A Critical Review
39 Brain Abscess 350
Allan R. Tunkel, H. Richard Winn, and W. Michael Scheld

297
Walavan Sivakumar, James M. Drake, and Jay Riva-Cambrin
40 Meningitis and
33 Pathophysiology of Encephalitis 352
Sherise D. Ferguson and Ian E. McCutcheon

Chronic Subdural Hematomas

304
R. Loch Macdonald
41 Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
34 Medical and Surgical 353
M. Kelly Nicholas, John Collins, and Rimas V. Lukas

Management of Chronic
Subdural Hematomas 310
Aswin Chari, Angelos G. Kolias, Nicholas Borg, Peter J.
42 Parasitic Infections 354
Oscar H. Del Brutto, Juan J. Figueroa, and Hector H. Garcia
Hutchinson, and Thomas Santarius

PART 7 Infections in Neurosurgery

35 Basic Science of Central 43 Surgical Risk of

Transmittable Disease 356
Nervous System Infections 318 Donald E. Fry

Jeffrey M. Tessier and W. Michael Scheld

SECTION II Basic and
Clinical Sciences 363
36 Postoperative Infections Overview and Future Opportunities
Michel Kliot, Pierre J. Magistretti, Robert M. Friedlander, and
of the Head and Brain 319 Michael M. Haglund
Mary L. Pisculli, Frederick G. Barker II, and Christopher J.
Farrell

44 Molecular Biology and

37 Postoperative Infections Genomics: A Primer for
of the Spine 331 Neurosurgeons 365
Vijay M. Ravindra, Michael A. Finn, Meic H. Schmidt, and Kevin Y. Miyashiro and James H. Eberwine
Andrew T. Dailey

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

Andrew Beaumont

45 Optogenetics and 53 Cerebral Edema 374

CLARITY 366 Robert J. Weil and Edward H. Oldfield
Lief E. Fenno, Brian Hsueh, David Purger, and Paul S.A.
Kalanithi†

54 Extracellular Fluid
46 Neuroembryology 367
Harvey B. Sarnat, Laura Flores-Sarnat, and Joseph D. Pinter
Movement and Clearance in
the Brain: The Glymphatic
Pathway 375
47 Stem Cell Biology in the Jeffrey J. Iliff and Richard Deren Penn

Central Nervous System 368

Philip J. Horner and Samuel Emerson
55 Altered Consciousness
376
48 Neurons and Neuroglia Nicholas D. Schiff

369
Bruce D. Trapp and Karl Herrup
56 Neuropsychological
Testing 377
49 Cellular Mechanisms of Jordan H. Grafman

Brain Energy Metabolism 370

Albert H. Gjedde and Pierre J. Magistretti
57 Neurosurgical
Epidemiology and Outcomes
50 Cellular and Molecular Assessment 378
Catherine Miller, Hugh Garton, Frederick G. Barker II, and
Responses in the Peripheral Stephen J. Haines

and Central Nervous Systems SECTION III Epilepsy

371
Rajiv Saigal, Harjus Singh Birk, and Michel Kliot Overview and Controversies
379
51 The Blood-Brain Barrier Robert A. McGovern, Guy M. McKhann II, Itzhak Fried, Andrew
W. McEvoy, Steven V. Pacia, ennis D. Spencer, and Nitin Tandon

372
Briana C. Prager, Shahid M. Nimjee, Gerald A. Grant, Chaitali PART 1 Basic Science of Epilepsy
Ghosh, and Damir Janigro

52 Physiology of the 58 Electrophysiologic

Properties of the Mammalian
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Central Nervous System 385
Intracranial Pressure 373 Rebecca L. Achey, Guy M. McKhann II, and Damir Janigro

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

59 Animal Models of 66 Magnetoencephalography

Epilepsy 386 (MEG)/Magnetic Source
Maria Elisa Calcagnotto, Wyatt Potter, and Scott C. Baraban
Imaging (MSI) 433
Anto Bagić and Susan M. Bowyer

60 Malformations of
Cortical Development 387
Gregory G. Heuer and Peter B. Crino
67 Single-Photon Emission
Computed Tomography in
PART 2 Approach to the Patient
Epilepsy Surgery Evaluation
61 Diagnosis and 446
Jamie J. Van Gompel, Benjamin H. Brinkmann, and Gregory D.
Cascino
Classification of Seizures
and Epilepsy 388
Jeremy J. Moeller and Lawrence J. Hirsch 68 Wada Testing 449
Marla J. Hamberger

62 Antiepileptic Medications: PART 4 Intraoperative Mapping and

Monitoring for Cortical Resections
Principles of Clinical Use 396
Danielle A. Becker and Steven V. Pacia
69 Motor, Sensory, and
63 Continuous Language Mapping and
Monitoring for Cortical
Electroencephalography in Resections 454
Neurological-Neurosurgical Sandra Serafini, Ben Waldau, and Michael M. Haglund

Intensive Care 403

Jens Witsch, Emma Meyers, and Jan Claassen

PART 3 Preoperative Evaluation for

70 Investigation of Human
Epilepsy Cognition in Epilepsy Surgery
Patients 463
64 Evaluation of Patients for Taylor J. Abel, Hiroto Kawasaki, and Matthew A. Howard III

Epilepsy Surgery 415 PART 5 Specific Operative Approaches

Imad M. Najm

71 Intracranial Monitoring:
65 Neuroradiologic Subdural Strip and
Evaluation for Epilepsy Surgery Grid Recording 472
Jared M. Pisapia, Gregory G. Heuer, and Gordon H. Baltuch
MRI 420
Anna Miserocchi, Mark Nowell, and Andrew W. McEvoy

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

72 Intracranial Monitoring: 79 Electrical Stimulation for

StereoElectroencephalography Epilepsy
Recording 478 (VNS, DBS, and RNS) 531
Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez and Patrick Chauvel Robert E. Gross, Nealen G. Laxpati, and Babak Mahmoudi

73 Surgical Techniques for 80 Epilepsy Surgery:

Non–Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Outcome and Complications
Corpus Callosotomy, Multiple 546
Lara Jehi and Webster H. Pilcher
Subpial Transection, and
Topectomy 485 SECTION IV
Carter S. Gerard and Richard W. Byrne
Functional Neurosurgery 561
Overview and Controversies
74 Surgery for Ron L. Alterman, Andres M. Lozano, Joachim K. Krauss, and
Takaomi Taira

Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy PART 1 Basic Science of Movement

Disorders
494
David W. Roberts and Edward F. Chang
81 Anatomy and Synaptic
75 Standard Temporal Connectivity of the Basal
Ganglia 864
Lobectomy 502 Adriana Galvan and Yoland Smith
Juan Torres-Reveron and Dennis D. Spencer

76 Selective Approaches to 82 Rationale for Surgical

Interventions in Movement
the Mesial Temporal Lobe 509
Robert A. McGovern III and Guy M. McKhann II Disorders 565
Thomas Wichmann and Mahlon R. DeLong

77 Hemispheric 83 Neuropathology of
Disconnection Procedures 515
Johannes Schramm Movement Disorders 871
Kurt A. Jellinger

78 Radiosurgical Treatment
for Epilepsy 525
Thomas J. Gianaris, Nicholas M. Barbaro, and Jean Régis

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 2 Neurology of Movement

Disorders
91 Deep Brain Stimulation:
Mechanisms of Action 635
84 Clinical Overview of Luke A. Johnson and Jerrold L. Vite

Movement Disorders 573

Ihtsham U. Haq, Jessica A. Tate, Mustafa S. Siddiqui, and
Michael S. Okun 92 Complication Avoidance
in Deep Brain Stimulation
85 Patient Selection Criteria Surgery 647
Ron L. Alterman and David H. Aguirre-Padilla
for Deep Brain Stimulation in
Movement Disorders 586
Catherine Cho, Ioannis U. Isaias, and Michele Tagliati 93 Neurophysiologic
Monitoring for Movement
86 Functional Imaging in Disorders Surgery 654
Jay L. Shils and Jeffrey E. Arl
Movement Disorders 596
94 Emerging and
Mwiza Ushe and Joel S. Perlmutter
PART 3 Surgery for Movement Disorders

Experimental Neurosurgical
87 Surgical Management of Treatments for Parkinson’s
Tremor 602 Disease 660
Marwan Hariz and Patric Blomstedt Benjamin I. Rapoport and Michael G. Kaplitt

88 Ablative Procedures for 95 Transcranial Magnetic

Parkinson’s Disease610
Robert E. Gross, Matthew A. Stern, and Resonance Imaging–Guided
Joash T. Lazarus Focused Ultrasound
Thalamotomy for Tremor 665
89Deep Brain Stimulation Robert F. Dallapiazza, Tony R. Wang, Eyal Zadicario, and W.
Jeffrey Elias

for Parkinson’s Disease 619

Fedor E. Panov, Paul Larson, Alastair Martin, and Philip Starr
96 Selective Peripheral
90 Deep Brain Stimulation Denervation for Cervical
Dystonia 672
for Dystonia 627 Joachim K. Krauss
Scellig S.D. Stone and Ron L. Alterman

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

97 Thalamotomy for Focal 104 Management of

Hand Dystonia 678 Spasticity by Central Nervous
Takaomi Taira, Takeshi Nakajima, Taku Ochiai, and Shiro
Horisawa System Infusion Techniques
PART 4 Surgery for Psychiatric Disorders 729
Richard Deren Penn and Daniel M. Corcos

98 A History of PART 6 Surgery for Vertigo, Cortical

Stimulation, Obesity, Alzheimer’s
Psychosurgery 684 Disease, and Neuroprosthetics
G. Rees Cosgrove

105 Treatment of
99 Surgery for Tourette’s Intractable Vertigo 739
Zackary E. Boomsaad, Steven A. Telian, and Parag G. Patil
Syndrome 688
Pablo Andrade,* Rowshanak Hashemiyoon,* Jens Kuhn, and
Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
106 Motor Cortex
100 Surgery for Obsessive- Stimulation for Pain and
Movement Disorders740
Compulsive Disorder 693 Jay L. Shils and Jeffrey E. Arle
Mayur Sharma, Andrew Shaw, Milind Deogaonkar, and Ali Rezai

101 Surgery for Major 107 Deep Brain

Stimulation for Obesity745
Depressive Disorder 703 Diana Jho, Alexander C. Whiting, Nestor D. Tomycz, Michael Y.
Nir Lipsman, Matthew Volpini, Peter Giacobbe, and Andres M. Oh, and Donald M. Whiting
Lozano

102 Surgery for Anorexia 108 Deep Brain

Stimulation for Alzheimer’s
Nervosa 711
Bomin Sun, Dianyou Li, Wei Liu, Chencheng Zhang, Shikun Zhan, Disease 750
and Xiaoxiao Zhang Vibhor Krishna, Francesco Sammartino, Nir Lipsman, and Andres
M. Lozano
PART 5 Surgical Interventions for
Spasticity
109 Neuroprosthetics 754
103 Lesioning Surgery for Jarod L. Roland, Wilson Z. Ray, and Eric C. Leuthardt

Spasticity 716
Marc Sindou, George Georgoulis, and Patrick Mertens

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

SECTION V oncology 759

Overview and Controversies
Kaith K. Almefty and Rachel Grossman
PART 1 Basic Science of Neurooncology
110 Brain Tumors
116 Angiogenesis and
Brain Tumors 825
Scientific Principles, Current
Therapy, and Future Directions
767 Steven Brem, Eric T. Wong, Arati Desai, Yi Fan, and Edward Pan

An Overview of Current
Histopathologic and Genetic
117 Delivery of Therapy to
Classifications Brain Tumors: Problems and
Gregory N. Fuller, Teresa Ribalta, and David M. Wildrick
Potentials 849
Andrew T. Healy and Michael A. Vogelbaum

111 Brain Tumor 118 Epidemiology of Brain

Immunology and
Immunotherapy 777 Tumors 856
Kyle M. Walsh and Margaret R. Wrensch
Edjah K. Nduom, Michael Weller, and Amy B. Heimberger

112 Brain Tumor Stem 119 Local Therapies for

Cells 786 Gliomas 864
J. Bradley Elder and Russell R. Lonser
Francesco DiMeco, Alessandro Perin, and Alfredo Quiñones-
Hinojosa
PART 2 Approach to the Patient

113 Molecular Genetics 120 Clinical Features:

and the Development of Neurology of Brain Tumor and
Targets for Glioma Therapy Paraneoplastic Disorders 871
794 Vinay K. Puduvalli and Pierre Giglio
Ali C. Ravanpay, Chibawanye Ene, and Eric Holland

121 Radiologic Features of

114 Genetic Origins of Central Nervous System Tumors
Brain Tumors 806 878
Gregory J. Riggins and Callen J. Riggins Raymond Y. Huang and Srinivasan Mukundan, Jr

115 Malignant Glioma 122 Endovascular Techniques

Microenvironment 814 for Tumor Embolization 899
Mariano S. Viapiano and Sean E. Lawler Daniel W. Zumofen, Tibor Becske, Matthew B. Potts, Omar
Tanweer, Eytan Raz,
Maksim Shapiro, and Howard A. Riina

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

123 Brain Tumors during 130 Basic Principles of

Pregnancy 908 Skull Base Surgery 955
Alessandro Olivi, Thomas Kosztowski, Mohamad Bydon, and C. Omar Arnaout, Andrew T. Parsa,† and Gavin W. Britz
Rory Goodwin

124 Genetic Syndromes of 131 Risks of Intrinsic Brain

Tumor Surgery and Avoidance
Brain Tumors 916
Roy E. Strowd III and Jaishri O. Blakeley of Complications 966
Ronald E. Warnick and Daniel M. Harwell

125 Principles of 132 Surgical Navigation

Chemotherapy 923
Jasmin T. Jo and Patrick Y. Wen for Brain Tumors 973
Symeon Missios and Gene H. Barnett

126 Brain Tumor Outcome

Studies: Design and
Interpretation 928
133 Endoscopic
Frederick G. Barker II and Daniel P. Cahill Approaches to Brain Tumors
981
127 Neurocognition in Michael E. Sughrue, Phillip A. Bonney, and Charles Teo

Brain Tumor Patients 937

Rachel Grossman and Zvi Ram
134 Awake Craniotomy
and Intraoperative Mapping
128 Frame and Frameless 987
Matthew C. Tate and Hugues Duffau

Stereotactic Brain Biopsy 942

Alessandro Olivi, Jon D. Weingart, Jason Liauw, and Shaan M.
Raza

PART 3 Surgical Considerations

135 Intraoperative
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
129 Basic Principles of 993
Pieter L. Kubben, Erwin M.J. Cornips, Henk van Santbrink, and
J.J. van Overbeeke
Cranial Surgery
for Brain Tumors 949
Jon D. Weingart and Henry Brem

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 4 Intrinsic Tumors

136 Low-Grade Gliomas: 143 Intracranial

Ependymomas in Adults 1069
Astrocytomas, Oligo- Ananth K. Vellimana, Gavin P. Dunn, and Ian F. Dunn

dendrogliomas, and Mixed

Gliomas 996
Nader Sanai, Javier M. Figueroa, and Mitchel S. Berger
144 Hemangioblastomas
1075
Russell R. Lonser and Edward H. Oldfield

137 Malignant Gliomas:

Anaplastic Astrocytoma, 145 Primary CNS
Glioblastoma, Gliosarcoma, Lymphomas 1085
and Anaplastic Oligo- Tracy T. Batchelor

dendroglioma 1006
Jordina Rincon-Torroella, Henry Brem, and Alfredo Quiñones-
Hinojosa 146 Metastatic Brain Tumors
1091
138 Radiologic and Akash J. Patel, Frederick F. Lang, Dima Suki, David M. Wildrick,
and Raymond Sawaya

Clinical Criteria of PART 5 Extrinsic Tumors

Treatment Response 1025

Martin J. van den Bent 147 Meningiomas 1107
Rami Almefty, Georges F. Haddad, and Ossama Al-Mefty

139 Unusual Gliomas 1029 148 Meningeal Sarcomas

Ryan A. Grant, Jennifer Moliterno Gunel, Michael L. DiLuna,
Joachim M. Baehring,
Anita Huttner, and Joseph M. Piepmeier and Hemangiopericytomas
1133
140 Primitive Edward Yap, Alim M. Ladha, and Matthew G. Ewend

Neuroectodermal Tumors 1041

Karin Muraszko and Shawn Hervey-Jumper 149 Vestibular
Schwannomas 1142
141 Pineal Tumors 1048 Omar Arnaout, Andrew T. Parsa,† and Kalmon D. Post

Adam M. Sonabend and Jeffrey N. Bruce

150 Pituitary Tumors:
142 Medulloblastomas in Functioning and
Nonfunctioning 1155
Adults 1065 Wenya Linda Bi, Timothy R. Smith, Breno Nery, Ian F. Dunn, and
Kelly B. Mahaney and James T. Rutka Edward R. Laws, Jr.

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

151 Craniopharyngiomas in 159 Trigeminal

Adults 1183 Schwannomas 1293
Irene Kim and Jeffrey H. Wisoff M. Necmettin Pamir, Ulaş Yener, and Koray Özduman

152 Epidermoid, Dermoid, 160 Juvenile

and Neurenteric Cysts 1186 Nasopharyngeal
Wael Hassaneen and Raymond Sawaya
Angiofibromas 1302
PART 6 Ventricular Tumors Spiros Manolidis, Margaret Pain, Alexander Dash, and Saadi
Ghatan

153 Ventricular Tumors 161 Tumors of the Orbit

1192
Helmut Bertalanffy and Ramin Mahmoodi
1310
Paul A. Gardner, Joseph C. Maroon, and S. Tonya Stefko
PART 7 Skull and Skull Base Tumors

154 Overview of Skull 162 Skull Tumors 1322

Eric G. St. Clair and Ian E. McCutcheon
Base Tumors 12221
Mario Ammirati and Tariq Lamki

163 Scalp Tumors 1344

155 Chordomas and Joseph A. Ricci, Dennis P. Orgill, John A. Persing, and Elizabeth
B. Claus

Chondrosarcomas 1243
C. Rory Goodwin, Lydia J. Liang, Patricia Leigh Zadnik, and
Daniel M. Sciubba PART 8 Nonneoplastic Disorders
Mimicking Brain Tumors

156 Glomus Tumors 1251

Bruno Zanotti, Angela Verlicchi, and Massimo Gerosa
164 Pseudotumor Cerebri
1352
157 Neoplasms of the Neil R. Miller

Paranasal Sinuses 1268

Shaan M. Raza, Kenan Al-Khalili, and Franco DeMonte
165 Sarcoidosis,
Tuberculosis,
158 and Demyelinating Disease
1366
Esthesioneuroblastomas 1284 Joshua P. Klein
Jonas M. Sheehan and Russell Payne

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

Section VI pain 1373

Overview and Controversies
Kim J. Burchiel, Feridun Acar, and Andrew C. Zaces
172 Percutaneous
Procedures for Trigeminal
PART 1 Basic Science
Neuralgia1405
166 Anatomy and Andrew L. Ko and Kim J. Burchiel

Physiology of Pain 1378

Mary M. Heinricher and Daniel R. Cleary
173 Stereotactic
Radiosurgery for Trigeminal
167 Molecular Basis of Neuralgia1412
Zhiyuan Xu and Jason P. Sheehan

Nociception 1379
Susan L. Ing

PART 2 Nonsurgical Therapy

174 Microvascular
Decompression for Trigeminal
168 Approach to the Neuralgia1420
Jonathan P. Miller and Kim J. Burchiel
Patient with Chronic Pain1380 PART 4 Surgical Procedures for
Joshua M. Rosenow
Nontrigeminal Pain

169 Pharmacologic 175 Neurosurgical

Treatment of Pain1384 Management of Intractable
Diaa Bahgat, Heather N. Pinckard-Dover, and Erika A. Petersen
Pain1427
PART 3 Treatment of Trigeminal William S. Rosenberg, Richard B. North, and Kenneth A. Follett
Neuralgia

170 Evidence-Based 176 Evidence-Based

Approach to the Treatment Neurostimulation for Pain1435
Feridun Acar, Athanasios K. Zisakis, and Selçuk Göçmen
of Facial Pain1393
Turo J. Nurmikko and Francis O’Neill

177 Peripheral Nerve

171 Trigeminal Neuralgia: Stimulation for Neuropathic
Diagnosis and Nonoperative Pain1437
Cristian Gragnaniello, Angela Li Ching Ng, and Andrew C.
Management1397 Zacest

Mark E. Linskey

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 1 Approach to the Patient

178 Spinal Cord 184 Neuroanesthesia in
Stimulation 1439
Oren Sagher and Emily Lehmann Levin Children 1476
Sulpicio G. Soriano and Craig D. McClain

179 Evidence Base for 185 Neurocritical Care in

Destructive Procedures1446
Justin S. Cetas, Amr AlBakry, Ahmed M. Raslan, and Kim J.
Burchiel
Children1482
José A. Pineda and Mark S. Wainwright

PART 2 Cranial Development

180 Dorsal Rhizotomy and Abnormalities

Dorsal Root
Ganglionectomy1452
186 Neuroembryology and
Feridun Acar, Selçuk Göçmen, and Athanasios K. Zisakis Molecular Genetics of the
Brain1496
181 Diagnosis and Timothy M. George and Richard H. Finnell

Management of Painful
Neuromas1445
187 Encephaloceles,
Brett E. Youngerman, Taylor B. Nelp, Deepa Danan, and Meningoceles, and Cranial
Christopher J. Winfree
Dermal Sinus Tracts1506
Adam L. Sandler and James Tait Goodrich

182 Dorsal Root Entry

Zone Lesions for Pain 1459
Marc Sindou, Andrei Brînzeu, and Kim J. Burchiel
188 Dandy-Walker
Syndrome 1518
Steven L. Gogela and Francesco T. Mangano

183 Percutaneous
Cordotomy and Trigeminal 189 Arachnoid Cysts in
Tractotomy-Nucleotomy 1467 Childhood 1524
Ahmed M. Raslan Margaret Pain and Saadi Ghatan

Section VII Pediatrics 1472

Overview and Controversies 190 Chiari
Gerald A. Grant, James T. Rutka, Andrew H. Jea, James Tait
Goodrich,
Malformations1531
Richard David Hayward, and Shenandoah Robinson R. Shane Tubbs and W. Jerry Oakes

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

191 Craniopagus 198 Infantile

Twins1541 Posthemorrhagic
Samuel R. Browd, James Tait Goodrich, and Marion L. Walke
Hydrocephalus1595
PART 3 Craniosynostosis Jesse L. Winer and Shenandoah Robinson

192 Molecular Genetics 199Cerebrospinal Fluid

and Principles of Disorders and Transitional
Craniosynostosis1550 Neurosurgery 1602
Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr and Mark R. Proctor
James P. McAllister II, Ramin Eskandari, and David D. Limbrick,
Jr.

193 Nonsyndromic 200 Experimental

Craniosynostosis1556
Introduction and Single-Suture Hydrocephalus 1614
James P. McAllister II, Ramin Eskandari, and David D. Limbrick,
Synostosis Jr.
Kant Y. Lin, John A. Persing, John A. Jane, Jr., and John A. Jane,
Sr.†

201 Ventricular Shunting

194 Syndromic Procedures 1615
Jetan H. Badhiwala and Abhaya V. Kulkarni
Craniosynostosis 1570
Federico Di Rocco, Dominique Renier, Daniel Marchac,† and Eric
Arnaud
202 Neuroendoscopy1630
195 Endoscopic Treatment Wenya Linda Bi, Ian F. Dunn, and Alan R. Cohen

of Craniosynostosis 1581
David F. Jimenez and Constance M. Barone 203 Cerebrospinal Fluid
Devices1638
196 Nonsynostotic Richard J. Edwards and James M. Drake

Plagiocephaly 1582
S. David Moss
204 Management and
Prevention of Shunt Infections
PART 4 Hydrocephalus
1644
197 Hydrocephalus in Luigi Bassani and Jay Riva-Cambrin

Children: Etiology and

Overall Management 1588
Osama Jamil and John R.W. Kestle

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 5 Pediatric Cranial and Intracranial

Tumors
213 Medulloblastomas1711
205 Genetics of Pediatric Kelly B. Mahaney and James T. Rutka

Brain Tumors 1650

Xin Wang, Stephen C. Mack, and Michael D. Taylor 214 Cerebellar
Astrocytomas1723
206 General Approaches Kyle G. Halvorson, Robert M. Lober, and Gerald A. Grant

and Considerations for

Pediatric Brain Tumors1659
215 Brainstem Gliomas1729
Ziev B. Moses, Muhammad Abd-El-Barr, and Liliana C.
Renée Reynolds and Gerald A. Grant Goumnerova

207 Optic Pathway 216 Intracranial Germ Cell

Hypothalamic Gliomas1660 Tumors1738
John Goodden and Conor Mallucci Kimberly A. Foster, Ian F. Pollack, and Regina I. Jakacki

208 Thalamic Tumors1669 217 Neurocutaneous

Owase Jeelani and Peter Dirks
Tumor Syndromes1745
Andrew Brunswick and Howard L. Weiner

209 Choroid Plexus

Tumors1677
Nalin Gupta
218 Pediatric
Intraventricular and
Periventricular Tumors1752
210 Pediatric Brenton H. Pennicooke and Mark M. Souweidane

Craniopharyngiomas1684
Irene Kim and Jeffrey H. Wisoff
219 Skull Lesions in
Children 1761
211 Pediatric Dermoids, Langerhans Cell
Supratentorial Hemispheric Histiocytosis, Fibrous Dysplasia, and
Tumors 1694 Lipomas
James M. Shiflett, Augustus J. Perez, and Andrew D. Parent
David J. Daniels and Frederick A. Boop
PART 6 Vascular Disease

212 Ependymomas1700
Laura M. Prolo and Michael S.B. Edwards
220 Moyamoya
Disease1766
Edward R. Smith and R. Michael Scott

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

221 Vein of Galen 228 Birth Brachial Plexus

Aneurysmal Injury1815
T.S. Park and Nathan J. Ranalli
Malformation1773
Alejandro Berenstein, Srinivasan Paramasivam, and Yasunari PART 8 Spine Disorders in Children
Niimi

222 Pediatric Cerebral 229 Myelomeningocele and

Myelocystocele1822
Aneurysms1786 Neil Feldstein and Hannah E. Goldstein
M. Yashar S. Kalani, Robert F. Spetzler, and Peter Nakaji

223 Pediatric 230 ipomyelomeningocele

1834
Arteriovenous Taryn McFadden Bragg and Bermans J. Iskandar

Malformations1787
D. Andrew Wilkinson and Cormac O. Maher

PART 7 Head and Brain Trauma

231 Split Spinal Cord1842
Jeffrey S. Raskin, Zachary N. Litvack, and Nathan R. Selden

224 Management of Head 232 Tethered Spinal Cord:

Injury: Special Considerations
Fatty Filum Terminale,
in Children 1788
Linda Wei Xu, Gerald A. Grant, and P. David Adelson Meningocele Manqué, and
Dermal Sinus Tracts 1850
225 Inflicted Trauma Lucy He, R. Shane Tubbs, and John C. Wellons III

(Child Abuse)1796
Ann-Christine Duhaime and Cindy W. Christian
233 Developmental
Anomalies of the
226 Growing Skull Craniovertebral
Junction and Surgical
Fractures 1804
Farhan A. Mirza and Thomas Pittman Management 1856
Arnold H. Menezes, Raheel Ahmed, and Brian J. Dlouhy

227 Neonatal Brain

Injury1809
Ashwin A. Kamath, Amit Mathur, and David D. Limbrick
234 Achondroplasia and
Other Dwarfisms1871
Mari L. Groves, Edward S. Ahn, Michael C. Ain, and George I.
Jallo

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

235 Surgical Management 242 Intrathecal Baclofen

of the Pediatric Subaxial Therapy for Cerebral
Cervical Spine 1881 Palsy1946
Benjamin C. Kennedy, Hannah E. Goldstein, Richard C.E. Michael D. Partington
Anderson,
and Douglas L. Brockmeyer

243 Selective Dorsal

236 Intraspinal Tumors in Rhizotomy for Spastic
Children 1890 Cerebral Palsy1951
Rick Abbott, Neil Haranhalli, and Ajit Jada T.S. Park and Brian J. Dlouhy

Section VIII Peripheral Nerve

237 Introduction to Spinal Overview and
Deformities in Children1899 Controversies1961
Mina G. Safain, Steven W. Hwang, and Amer F. Samdani*
Aaron G. Filler, Allan J. Belzberg, Liang Chen, and Martijn J.A.
Malessy

238 Thoracolumbar Spinal PART 1 Basic Science of Peripheral

Nerve Disorders
Disorders in Pediatrics 1913
Daniel M.S. Raper, Amer F. Samdani, John Paul Kelleher, Justin
S. Smith,
and Christopher I. Shaffrey, Sr.
244 Pathophysiology of
Surgical Nerve Disorders1966
239 Pediatric Vertebral
Yuval Shapira and Rajiv Midha

PART 2 Approach to the Patient with

Column and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nerve Disorders

Injuries 1926
Daniel H. Fulkerson and Shaheryar F. Ansari 245 Peripheral Nerve
PART 9 Functional Disorders in Children Examination, Evaluation, and
Biopsy1978
240 Pediatric Epilepsy Rajiv Midha and Tarek M.I. Elmadhoun

Surgery 1932
Saadi Ghatan, Patricia E. McGoldrick, Malgosia A. Kokoszka,
and Steven M. Wolf
246 Peripheral
Neuropathies1985
241 Clinical Features and Kevin S. Chen and Eva L. Feldman

Management of Cerebral Palsy

1938
Janice E. Brunstrom-Hernandez and Ann H. Tilton

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

247 Monitoring of Neural 252 Techniques in Nerve

Function: Electromyography,
Nerve Conduction, and Evoked Reconstruction and Repair2051
Liang Chen and Martijn J.A. Malessy
Potentials 1996
Marc R. Nuwer and Nader Pouratian

253 Nerve Transfers2059

248 Imaging for Peripheral Liang Chen and Martijn J.A. Malessy

Nerve Disorders2004
Aaron G. Filler 254 Management of Acute
PART 3 Management of Peripheral Nerve Peripheral Nerve Injuries2064
Entrapment Wale A.R. Sulaiman

249 Distal Entrapment 255 Early Management of

Syndromes: Carpal Tunnel, Brachial Plexus Injuries2072
Cubital Tunnel, Peroneal, and Martijn J.A. Malessy and Allan J. Belzberg

Tarsal Tunnel2019
Charles P. Toussaint, Zarina S. Ali, and Eric L. Zager
256 Secondary Procedures
250 Brachial Plexus Nerve for Brachial Plexus
Injuries2081
Entrapments and Thoracic Huan Wang, Alexander Y. Shin, Allen T. Bishop, and Robert J.
Spinner
Outlet Syndromes2032
257 Nerve Injuries of the
Aaron G. Filler

251 Piriformis Syndrome, Lower Extremity2089

Chester K. Yarbrough, Jakub Godzik, Aaron G. Filler, and Wilson
Obturator Internus Syndrome, Z. Ray

Pudendal Nerve Entrapment,

and Other Pelvic Entrapments PART 5 Management of Peripheral Nerve
Tumors
2041
Aaron G. Filler and Holly S. Gilmer Hill

PART 4 Management and Repair of

258 Benign and Malignant
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Tumors of the Peripheral
Nerve2103
Anshit Goyal and Allan J. Belzberg

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 6 Management of Pain and

Complications in Peripheral Nerve
Surgery
265 Fractionated
Radiotherapy for Brain Tumors
259 Pain, Complications, 2168
Brian M. Alexander, Igor J. Barani, and Minesh P. Mehta
and Iatrogenic Injury in Nerve
Surgery2117
Aaron G. Filler, Allen H. Maniker, and Stephen M. Russell 266 Fractionated
Radiotherapy for Spine
260 Neuroelectronic Tumors 2191
Nadia N. Issa Laack
Systems2124
Aidan D. Roche, Stefan Salminger, Dario Farina, and Oskar C. PART 3 Intracranial Stereotactic
Aszmann
Radiosurgery
PART 1 Science of Radiation Techniques

261General and Historical 267 Radiosurgery for

Malignant Intracranial
Considerations of radiotherapy Tumors2201
and Radiosurgery2135 Toru Serizawa,* Shota Tanaka,* Yoshinori Higuchi, and Nobuhito
Saito
Mark E. Linskey and Jeffrey V. Kuo

262 Radiobiology of 268 Radiosurgery for

Radiotherapy and Benign Intracranial
Radiosurgery2144 Tumors2209
Jean Régis, Giorgio Spatola, Frederic Castinetti, and Pierre-
Jennifer S. Yu, Martin Brown, John H. Suh, Lijun Ma, and Arjun Hugues Roche
Sahgal

263 Radiation Therapy 269 Radiosurgery of

Technique 2155 Intracranial Vascular
Michael D. Chan Malformations2223
Gábor Nagy, Andras A. Kemeny, and Bruce E. Pollock

264 Radiosurgery 270 Radiosurgery for

Technique 2160
Cheng-Chia Lee, David J. Schlesinger, and Jason P. Sheehan Functional Disorders2234
Dong Gyu Kim and Jin Wook Kim
PART 2 Fractionated Radiation Therapy

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 4 Extracranial Stereotactic

Radiosurgery
277 Pathophysiology and
271 Radiosurgery for Treatment of Spinal Cord
Injury 2292
Malignant Spine Tumors2239 Gregory W.J. Hawryluk, Hiroaki Nakashima, and Michael G.
Peter C. Gerszten and Kristina Gerszten Fehlings

272 Radiosurgery for 278 Electrophysiologic

Benign Spine Tumors and Studies and Monitoring2307
Joshua M. Beckman and Juan S. Uribe
Vascular Malformations2250
Navjot Chaudhary, Aditya K. Iyer, and Steven D. Chang

Section X Spine 2255 279 Bone Metabolism and

Overview and Controversies Osteoporosis2315
R. Patrick Jacob and Matthew Decker
Christopher I. Shaffrey, Sr., Justin S. Smith, Michael G. Fehlings,
Osmar José Santos de Moraes, Charles Kuntz IV,† Praveen V.
Mummaneni, Paul Santiago, PART 2 Approach to the Patient
and Daniel K. Resnick

PART 1 Basic Science of the Spine 280 Differential Diagnosis

273 Spinal Anatomy2259
Nelson Moussazadeh and Kai-Ming Gregory Fu
of Spinal Disease 2322
Ricardo Vieira Botelho, Matheus Fernandes de Oliveira, and
Charles Kuntz IV †

274 Assessment of Spinal 281 Nonsurgical and

Imaging2271 Postsurgical Management of
Marcus D. Mazur, Lubdha M. Shah, and Meic H. Schmidt
Low Back Pain 2337
Daniel Yavin and R. John Hurlbert

275 Spinal Biomechanics 282 Complication

and Basics of Spinal
Instrumentation2281 Avoidance in Spine Surgery
Cyrus C. Wong, Clifford M. Houseman, Scott L. Zuckerman, and
Joseph S. Cheng
2344
Justin Slavin, Evan M. Lewis, and Charles A. Sansur

276 Disk Degeneration and PART 3 Degenerative Disease of the

Spine

Regeneration2287
Karl J. Henrikson, Gwendolyn A. Sowa, Nam Vo, Pedro H.I. Pohl,
and James D. Kang

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

283 Evaluation and 290 Treatment of Pyogenic

Treatment of Cervical Vertebral Spondylodiscitis
Disk Herniations 2348 2398
Scott A. Meyer and John J. Knightly Marcelo Fernando Gruenberg

284 Evaluation and 291 Evaluation and

Treatment of Ossification of Treatment of Fungal and
the Posterior Longitudinal Tubercular Infections of the
Ligament2358 Spine2402
Junichi Mizuno Gomatam R. Vijay Kumar and Amitabha Chanda

PART 5 Tumors of the Spine

285 Evaluation and 292 Assessment and
Treatment of Thoracic
Disk Herniation2363 Treatment of Benign Tumors
Osmar José Santos de Moraes and Jerônimo Buzetti Milano
of the Axial Skeleton2414
Mohamad Bydon, Rafael De la Garza-Ramos, Jean-Paul

286 Evaluation and Wolinsky, and Ziya L. Gokaslan

Treatment of Lumbar Disk

Disease 2370
293 Assessment and
Brian P. Curry and Michael K. Rosner
Treatment of Primary
Malignant Tumors of the Axial
287 Cervical, Thoracic, and Skeleton2421
Nuno Batista, Nicolas Dea, and Charles G. Fisher

Lumbar Stenosis 2373

Teija Lund and Osmar José Santos de Moraes
294 Assessment and
288 Evaluation and Treatment of Benign Intradural
Extramedullary Tumors2428
Treatment of Degenerative Jonathan N. Sellin, Claudio E. Tatsui, and Laurence D. Rhines

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis2384
Jacob R. Joseph, Kevin S. Chen, Khoi D. Than, and Paul Park

PART 4 Infection of the Spine

295 Assessment and
Treatment of Metastatic
289 Treatment of Discitis Spinal Lesions 2435
Anick Nater and Michael G. Fehlings
and Epidural Abscess2390
Asdrubal Falavigna and Osmar José Santos de Moraes

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 8 Spinal Trauma

296 Assessment and 302 Assessment and
Treatment of Malignant
Primary Spinal Tumors 2447 Classification of Spinal
Viren S. Vasudeva and Michael W. Groff Instability 2482
David M. Panczykowski and David O. Okonkwo
PART 6 Inflammatory Diseases of the
Spine

297 Assessment and 303 Medical Management

of Spinal Cord Injury 2493
Treatment of Rheumatoid Shelly Wang, Jeffrey M. Singh, and Michael G. Fehlings

Arthritis and Inflammatory

Spinal Diseases 2455
Bronek M. Boszczyk and Adrian C. Jones
304 Classification and
Treatment of O-C1
298Assessment and Craniocervical Injuries 2505
Nicholas Theodore and Hector Soriano-Baron

Treatment of Ankylosing
Spondylitis and Diffuse 305 Evaluation and
Idiopathic Skeletal Treatment of C2 (Axis)
Hyperostosis 2459 Fractures 2512
Charles A. Miller and Michael K. Rosner
Kushal J. Shah and Paul M. Arnold

PART 7 Congenital Anomalies of the

Spine
306 Evaluation,
299 Adult Congenital Classification, and Treatment
Malformations of the Thoracic of Cervical (C3-C7) Injuries
and Lumbar Spine 2465 2520
Bradley H. Stephens, Manish N. Shah, and Paul Santiago John D. Koerner and Alexander R. Vaccaro

300 Adult Tethered Cord 307 Treatment of

Syndrome2471 Cervicothoracic Junction
Marie Roguski, Amer F. Samdani, and Steven W. Hwang
Injuries 2528
Christopher D. Baggott, Clayton L. Haldeman, and Daniel K.

301 Adult Syringomyelia Resnick

2478
Marie Roguski, Amer F. Samdani, and Steven W. Hwang

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

308 Transient 314 Evaluation and

Quadriparesis and Athletic Treatment of Adolescent
Injuries of the Cervical Spine Idiopathic Scoliosis 2576
Daniel G. Kang, Ronald A. Lehman, Jr., and Lawrence G. Lenke
2534
Bryan D. Bolinger, Gurpreet S. Gandhoke, and Adam S. Kanter

315 Evaluation and

309 Evaluation, Treatment of Scheuermann’s
Classification, and Treatment Kyphosis2584
Rajiv Saigal, Darryl Lau, and Dean Chou
of Thoracolumbar Spine
Injuries 2538
George M. Ghobrial, Christopher M. Maulucci, and James S.
Harrop
316 Minimally Invasive
Treatment of Adult
310 Evaluation and Scoliosis2589
Michael Y. Wang

Treatment of Osteoporotic
Fractures (Cement
Augmentation) 2546
317 Evaluation and
Paul F. Heini Treatment of Adult Scoliosis
PART 9 Spinal Deformities and Sagittal Plane Deformity
2594
311 Classification of Spinal Dominic Maggio, Tamir T. Ailon, John Paul Kelleher,
Christopher P. Ames, Christopher I. Shaffrey, Sr., and Justin S.
Smith
Deformity 2560
Bassel G. Diebo, James E. Feng, Shaleen Vira, Frank J. Schwab,
and Virginie Lafage
318 Assessment and
312 Evaluation of Spinal Treatment of Proximal
Junctional Kyphosis 2603
Alignment 2565 Shayan Fakurnejad, Justin K. Scheer, and Christopher P. Ames
Charles Kuntz IV

313 Evaluation and 319 Treatment of High-

Grade Spondylolisthesis2607
Treatment of Cervical Manish K. Kasliwal, Justin S. Smith, and Christopher I. Shaffrey,
Sr.
Deformity 2570
Kevin S. Chen, Jacob R. Joseph, Frank La Marca, and Paul Park

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

PART 10 Techniques for Spinal

Procedures
327 Anterior Thoracic
320 Bone Graft Options, Instrumentation 2675
Kenny Kwan and Kenneth M.C. Cheung
Graft Substitutes, and Harvest
Techniques 2622
Osmar José Santos de Moraes, Jerônimo Buzetti Milano, and
Erasmo Barros da Silva, Jr.
328 Anterior and Lateral
Lumbar Instrumentation 2681
Gisela Murray-Ortiz, Michael S. Park, and Juan S. Uribe

321 Cervical Arthroplasty

2630
Jau-Ching Wu, Rishi Wadhwa, and Praveen V. Mummaneni
329 Posterior Thoracic and
Lumbar Instrumentation
with Historical Overview 2687
322 Lumbar Arthroplasty Roger Härtl and Avelino Parajón

2632
Emiliano Vialle and Osmar José Santos de Moraes
330 Posterior,
Transforaminal, Lateral, and
323 Nucleoplasty and Anterior Lumbar Interbody
Posterior Dynamic Fusion 2698
Stabilization Systems 2636
Giuseppe M.V. Barbagallo and Francesco Certo Techniques and Instrumentation
Domagoj Coric, Kevin S. Cahill, and Paul K. Kim

324 Occiput, C1, and C2 331 Image-Guided Spinal

Instrumentation 2643
Atul Goel Navigation: Principles and
Clinical Applications 2702
325 Anterior Cervical Iain H. Kalfas

Instrumentation 2656
Nicholas Theodore, Hector Soriano-Baron, and Volker K.H.
Sonntag
332 Sacropelvic Fixation:
Anterior and Posterior Options
2707
326 Posterior Subaxial and Gurpreet S. Gandhoke, Zachary J. Tempel, David O. Okonkwo,
and Adam S. Kanter

Cervicothoracic
Instrumentation 2668
Christopher E. Wolfla and Gerald W. Eckardt

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

333 Spinal Osteotomies 339 Animal Models of

2712 Traumatic Brain Injury 2777
Michael Y. Wang Sangmi Lee, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, and Michael S. Beattie

334 Evaluation, 340 Genetics of Traumatic

Indications, and Techniques of Brain Injury 2779
Dario J. Englot, Benjamin S. Freeze, Ethan A. Winkler, John K.
Revision Spine Surgery2715 Yue, Pratik Mukherjee, and
Robert F. Heary, Rachid Assina, and Reza J. Karimi Geoffrey T. Manley

335 Minimally Invasive 341 Neurochemical

Techniques for Degenerative Pathomechanisms in Traumatic
Disease 2733 Brain Injury 2786
Michael S. Virk, Rodrigo Navarro-Ramirez, and Roger Härtl J. Christopher Zacko and Gregory W.J. Hawryluk

Section XI Trauma 2743

Overview and Controversies
342 Traumatic Brain
Geoffrey T. Manley, Peter J. Hutchinson, Andrew I.R. Maas, Guy Injury: Proteomic Biomarkers
Rosenthal, Michael C. Huang, Hadie Adams, and Angelos G.
Kolias 2801
David M. Panczykowski and David O. Okonkwo
PART 1 Basic and Clinical Science

336 Epidemiology of 343 Therapeutic Strategies

Traumatic Brain Injury 2748 for Repair and Regeneration
Alice Theadom, Valery Feigin, Florence C.M. Reith, and Andrew
I.R. Maas following Traumatic Brain
Injury 2806
337 Biomechanical Basis Samuel S. Shin, M. Ross Bullock, and R. Mark Richardson

PART 2 Radiology in Traumatic Brain

of Traumatic Brain Injury 2755 Surgery
David F. Meaney and D. Kacy Cullen

344 Structural Imaging of

338 Neuropathology of Traumatic Brain Injury 2819
Esther L. Yuh
Traumatic Brain Injury 2765
J. Clay Goodman

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

345 Advanced Structural 351 Surgical Management

and Functional Imaging of of Traumatic Brain Injury 2922
Michael C. Huang
Traumatic Brain Injury 2837
Pratik Mukherjee and Eva M. Palacios

PART 3 Management of Traumatic Brain

352 Traumatic and
Injury Penetrating Head Injuries 2933
Scott A. Wallace, R. Michael Meyer IV, Frederick L. Stephens,

346 Clinical Rocco A. Armonda,

Bizhan Aarabi, and Randy S. Bell

Pathophysiology of Traumatic
Brain Injury 2843
Kiarash Shahlaie, Marike Zwienenberg-Lee, and J. Paul
353 Blast-Induced
Muizelaar Neurotrauma 2943
Ibolja Cernak

347 Mild Traumatic Brain 354 Indications and

Injury in Adults and
Concussion in Sports 2868 Techniques for Cranial
Matthew L. Dashnaw, Anthony L. Petraglia, Vimal Patel, and Decompression after Traumatic
Julian E. Bailes
Brain Injury 2952
Shelly D. Timmons

348 Initial Resuscitation,

Prehospital Care, and 355 Craniofacial Injuries
Emergency Room Care in 2837
Peter L. Reilly and David J. David
Traumatic Brain Injury 2876
Eric Hudgins and M. Sean Grady PART 4 Sequelae and Outcome in
Traumatic Brain Surgery

349 Critical Care 356 Prognosis after

Management of Traumatic
Traumatic Brain Injury 2971
Brain Injury 2898 Hester F. Lingsma, Ewout W. Steyerberg, and Andrew I.R. Maas
Imoigele P. Aisiku, David M. Silvestri, and Claudia S. Robertson No head injury is too severe to be despaired of, nor too trivial to
be ignored

350 Physiologic 357 Traumatic Cerebrospinal

Monitoring for Traumatic Fluid Fistulas 2980
Brain Injury 2910 Zarina S. Ali, Tracy S. Ma, Carol H. Yan, Nithin D. Adappa,
James N. Palmer, and M. Sean Grady
Guy Rosenthal and Peter D. Le Roux

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

358 Rehabilitation of 363 Diagnostic and

Patients with Traumatic Therapeutic Neurosonology
Brain Injury 2988 3066
Duc A. Tran, Nicole Mazwi, Saurabha Bhatnagar, Timothy P. David W. Newell, Stephen J. Monteith, and Andrei V. Alexandrov
Young, and Ross D. Zafonte

Section XII Vascular 3009 364 Neurovascular Imaging

Overview and Controversies 3080
Ali Alaraj, Roger Lichtenbaum, and Fady T. Charbel
Jason A. Ellis, E. Sander Connolly, Jr., Gavin W. Britz, Kazuhiro
Hongo, Michael T. Lawton and Fredric B. Meyer
PART 2 Occlusive Vascular Disease
PART 1 Basic Science, Medical
Management, and Radiologic Evaluation
365 The Natural History
359 Cerebral Blood Flow and Medical Management of
Carotid Occlusive Disease
and Metabolism and Cerebral
3092
Ischemia 3012 Paul D. Ackerman, Jonathon Cooke, Robert E. Harbaugh, and
Anthony M. Burrows, Desmond A. Brown, James P. Klaas, Vini G. Christopher M. Loftus
Khurana, Eduardo E. Benarroch, and Fredric B. Meyer

360 Acute Medical 366 Carotid

Endarterectomy 3096
Management of Ischemic and Joshua Marcus, Jared Knopman, and Philip E. Stieg

Hemorrhagic Stroke 3040

Young M. Lee, Jordan A. Magarik, and J. Mocco
367 Carotid Artery
361 Acute Surgical and Angioplasty and Stenting 3107
Stephan A. Munich, Maxim Mokin, Chandan Krishna, and Adnan
H. Siddiqui
Endovascular Management of
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
Stroke 3046
Ashutosh P. Jadhav, William J. Ares, Tudor G. Jovin, Brian T.
368 Blunt Cerebrovascular
Jankowitz, and Andrew F. Ducruet Injury 3124
Paul M. Foreman, Christoph J. Griessenauer, and Mark R.
Harrigan

362 Intraoperative Cerebral

Protection 3055
S. Alan Hoffer and Warren R. Selman
369 Nonatherosclerotic
Carotid Lesions 3130
Paula Eboli and Michael J. Alexander

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

370 Extracranial Vertebral 377 The Natural History of

Artery Diseases 3140 Cerebral Aneurysms 3207
Ali Alaraj, Fady T. Charbel, and Sepideh Amin-Hanjani H. Richard Winn, Gavin W. Britz, and David M. Hasan

371 Microsurgical 378 Pathobiology of

Management of Intracranial Intracranial Aneurysms 3221
Dong H. Kim and Teresa Santiago-Sim
Occlusion Disease 3156
Jason Pierce Rahal and Carlos A. David

379 Surgical Decision

372 Endovascular Making for the Treatment of
Management of Intracranial Intracranial Aneurysms 3232
Peter D. Le Roux and H. Richard Winn
Occlusion Disease 3162
Jordan A. Magarik, Young M. Lee, and J. Mocco

380 Perioperative
373 Adult Moyamoya Management of
Disease 3166 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Nadia Khan, Yasushi Takagi, and Yasuhiro Yonekawa
3257
Julian Spears and R. Loch Macdonald

374 Cerebral Venous and

Sinus Thrombosis 3175
Daniel M.S. Raper, Paul J. Schmitt, Robert M. Starke, Thomas J.
381 Medical Management
Buell, and Kenneth C. Liu of Cerebral Vasospasm 3274
J. Max Findlay and Tim E. Darsaut
PART 3 Nonlesional Spontaneous
Intracerebral Hemorrhage

375 Nonlesional 382 Endovascular

Management of Cerebral
Spontaneous Intracerebral Vasospasm 3285
Hemorrhage 3186 Andrew J. Ringer, Andrew W. Grande, Aaron W. Grossman,
Norberto Andaluz, and Todd A. Abruzzo
Peter S. Amenta and Jacques J. Morcos

PART 4 Hemorrhagic Vascular Disease

383 Surgical Approaches to
376 Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysms 3289
Gavin W. Britz, Y. Jonathan Zhang, Virendra R. Desai, Robert A.
Intracranial Aneurysms 3198 Scranton, Nikhil S. Pai, and
Tanyeri Barak, Yuwei Cheng, Mark W. Youngblood, Katsuhito G. Alexander West
Yasuno, and Murat Günel

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

384 Microsurgery of 390 Microsurgery of

Paraclinoid Aneurysms 3298 Basilar Apex Aneurysms3351
Ali Hassoun Turkmani and Arthur L. Day Bernard R. Bendok, Jonathan White, and H. Hunt Batjer

385 Intracranial Internal 391 Endovascular

Carotid Artery Aneurysms Approaches to Narrow-Necked
3307 Intracranial Aneurysms 3362
Min S. Park, Matthew R. Sanborn, Cameron G. McDougall, and
M. Christopher Wallace
Felipe C. Albuquerque

386 Microsurgery of 392 Endovascular

Anterior Communicating Approaches to Wide-Necked
Artery Aneurysms 3315 Intracranial Aneurysms 3372
Justin M. Caplan, Judy Huang, and Rafael J. Tamargo Karam Moon, Michael R. Levitt, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and
Cameron G. McDougall

387 Microsurgery of Distal 393 Endovascular Flow

Anterior Cerebral Artery
Diversion for Intracranial
Aneurysms 3326
Jason A. Ellis and E. Sander Connolly, Jr. Aneurysms 3376
Alexander Drofa, Gabor Toth, Peter Rasmussen, and Mark Bain

388 Surgical Management 394 Endovascular

of Middle Cerebral Artery
Hunterian Ligation 3383
Aneurysms 3333 Christopher P. Kellner and Sean D. Lavine
Gustavo Pradilla, Griffin R. Baum, and Daniel Louis Barrow

389 Microsurgery of 395 Microsurgical

Management of Giant
Vertebral Artery and Posterior Intracranial Aneurysms 3387
Inferior Cerebellar Artery Ana Rodríguez-Hernández and Michael T. Lawton

Aneurysms 3343
Matthew R. Fusco and Christopher S. Ogilvy
396 Infectious Aneurysms
3404
Scott A. Meyer, Joshua B. Bederson, Sushil Krishna Shilpakar,
Mohan Raj Sharma, David S. Gordon, and H. Richard Winn

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

397 Revascularization 403 Adjuvant Endovascular

Techniques for Complex Management of Brain
Aneurysms and Skull Base Arteriovenous Malformations
Tumors 3410 3477
Joshua R. Dusick, Nestor R. Gonzalez, and Neil A. Martin Jason A. Ellis, Philip M. Meyers, and Robert A. Solomon

398 Multimodality 404 Endovascular

Treatments of Cerebro-vascular Management of Arteriovenous
Disorders 3424 Malformations for Cure 3482
Anthony M. Burrows, Giuseppe Lanzino, Bruce E. Pollock, and
Fredric B. Meyer Christopher P. Kellner, Blake E.S. Taylor, and Philip M. Meyers

399 Traumatic Cerebral 405 Microsurgery of

Aneurysms Secondary to Arteriovenous Malformations
Penetrating Intracranial Injuries 3488
Mohamed Samy A. Elhammady, Brandon G. Gaynor, Eric C.
3429 Peterson, and
Kiarash Golshani, Gavin W. Britz, and G. Alexander West Roberto C. Heros

PART 5 True Arteriovenous Malformations

400 Pathobiology of True 406 Surgical and

Radiosurgical Management of
Arteriovenous Malformations Grade IV and V Arteriovenous
3434 Malformations 3509
Cormac G. Gavin and Neil D. Kitchen
Omar Choudhri, Steven D. Chang, and Gary K. Steinberg

401 Epidemiology and PART 6 Arteriovenous Fistulas

Natural History of Intracranial

Vascular Malformations 3446
407 Carotid-Cavernous
Kelly D. Flemming and Robert D. Brown, Jr. Fistulas 3525
Giuseppe Lanzino and Saul F. Morales-Valero

402 Therapeutic Decision

Making in the Management
of Arteriovenous
Malformations of the Brain
3464
Michael Kerin Morgan and Miikka Korja

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INDEX OF CONTENTS YOUMANS AND WINN NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY 7E

408 Treatment of Other 414 Microsurgical

Intracranial Dural Treatment of Spinal
Arteriovenous Fistulas 3530 Vascular Malformations 3579
Jonathan A. Grossberg and C. Michael Cawley Peter S. Amenta, Ricky Medel, Manish K. Singh, Aaron S.
Dumont, and Edward H. Oldfield
PART 7 Cavernomas
PART 9 Miscellaneous

409 Natural History of 415 Pregnancy and the

Cavernous Malformations
Vascular Lesion 3607
3537 Christopher D. Roark and B. Gregory Thompson, Jr
Joseph M. Zabramski and M. Yashar S. Kalani

410 Genetics of Cerebral

Cavernous Malformations
3547
Angeliki Louvi and Murat Günel

411 Microsurgery for

Cerebral Cavernous
Malformations 3554
Jonathan J. Russin, Leonardo Rangel-Castilla, and Robert F.
Spetzler

PART 8 Arteriovenous Malformations and

Fistulas of the Spine

412 Classification of Spinal

Arteriovenous Lesions 3563
Joshua W. Osbun, John D. Nerva, and Louis J. Kim

413 Endovascular
Treatment of Spinal
Vascular Malformations 3568
Justin R. Mascitelli, Yakov Gologorsky, and Aman B. Patel

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