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Documentary is a style of media where using pictures, videos and other public opinion is important to
talk about a certain topic or event. It is often used in the news and other informational media products.
Poetic
Poetic documentaries, first seen in the 1920s are very much what they sound like. They focus on the
experiences, images and showing the audience the world through a different set of eyes.
They are abstract and loose with the narrative, the poetic subgenre can be very unconventional and
experimental in form and content. The ultimate target of poetic documentaries is to create a feeling
rather than the truth.
As an example, “Life In A Day” (2011) by Kevin Macdonald is a poetic documentary, or at least that is
what people say in the reviews, personally I have never seen the documentary itself.
Expository
Expository documentaries are said to be probably the closest to what most people consider
“documentaries”. A sharp contrast to poetic, expository documentaries are to inform and/or persuade,
often through omnipresent “voice of god” narration over footage. This mode includes the familiar Ken
Burns and television (A&E, History Channel, etc…) styles.
Observational
Observational documentaries are exactly what they sound like. They target the observation of the world
around them. Originating in the 1960s with the advances in portable film equipment.
The style attempts to give voice to all sides of an issue by giving audiences first hand access to some of
the subject’s most important moments. (Sometimes and often private)
There is an observational documentary about JFK and RFK which I have found.
Participatory
Participatory documentaries, even while having elements of Observational and Expository, they include
the filmmaker within the narrative. This could be as minor as the filmmaker’s voice being heard behind
the camera, prodding subjects with questions or cues, all the way to the filmmaker directly influencing
the major actions of the narrative.
There is a documentary called “Amy” from 2015, directed by Asif Kapadia. It is an example of a
participatory documentary.
Reflexive
Reflexive documentaries are similar to participatory in that they often include the filmmaker within the
film, but unlike the participatory, they make no attempts to explore an outside subject. Rather they
focus solely on themselves and the act of them making the film.
As an example I have found Nick Broomfield who is a reflexive documentary director. I mean it isn’t
really an example but you know…
Performative
I think my documentary will be the closest to the expository documentary style. I am aiming to teach
people the benefits the importance and the dangers of bodybuilding.
It will inform the audience of the lifestyle, the diet and the struggles of a bodybuilder.
I will show some of the dark sides of bodybuilding and some bright sides of it as well.
I think this style would be the most suiting for what I would like to do, also there will be the “voice of
god” technique used in it as well so I think it will be good.
All I DON’T want for my documentary is to be boring and blant. I want… well… I need it to be fast paced,
creatively spread out and interesting.
Most documentaries seen on TV or on the internet are great quality these days, it is all thanks to the
technology of today.
The location of the documentary will be depending on the scene, most likely a gym, there will be clips
that I will use of proper influencers talking about the sport of bodybuilding and the world of it but it will
only be for a little bit. The reason why I am mentioning it here is because the influencers mostly are
from america and the locations of their interviews and videos are unknown to me.
The main theme of this documentary will though be gym, weights, supplements, food and muscles so I
would imagine it will be interesting. Depending on a pearson.
Two main styles of the documentary.
This topic isn’t too complicated. It is kind of like it sounds for interviews. Structured interviews are
basically planned hence the name structured, the way they happen is when the director plans all the
questions and events. Semi-structured is a style of an interview when there is some questions that are
planned and some questions and footage that was added by the director on the go. Unstructured
interviews are totally on the go, they are completely random, they are more like a conversation.
I will use the semi-structured style of the interviews because I will plan the questions but I think I will ask
a few more once I am there.
I will make my interviewees look at me when recording my interviews because from my own experience
I know that doing that makes the interviewee feel more relaxed and calm. I mean I know it depends on
the person but I did see it in their face that they were quite frightened of the camera, I had the same
feeling on my side when I started recording my media stuff.
Interview Techniques - Tips and Tricks
The most important thing to do before the interview is to get to know your interviewees, it is essential
to the interview since it helps your interviewees open up. When they open up I think the documentary
and the interview itself is much better, honestly I think it is really important since I have noticed a
change in behaviour once the interviewee knows you. So I could always say it from experience.
When it comes down to asking questions, there is many different ways of doing it, one of the more
important techniques is to ask trust and permission based questions like; “I will push you today if you’re
ok with that”, that way the interviewee will know that you care bout them and that you really want
them to feel comfortable.
Of Course if you already know the person it is not required but you can still do it.
Avoid close ended questions so your interviewee doesn’t just go “yes” or “no”, as a director of a
documentary you are looking for answers which are as complex and structured as possible, just keep
that in mind.
If you talk about more personal topics, you need to show empathy and sympathy to help the
interviewee open up more, it is crucial for a good documentary.
Last but not least, you should repeat interviewees words to get more information out of them, it is a
little mind trick to get the interviewee to say more and in greater detail. Afterwards you can cut yourself
out of the interview if that is what you require but you don’t have to, it really depends on your
preferences.
Going back to the open and closed ended questions, simply explaining, open ended questions are
questions which require a more complex and structured answer, closed ended questions are questions
which can simply be answered with a “yes” or “no” answer.
Recently I have researched into the three act documentaries while looking for the structure I could use
in my documentary to make it a very good and reliable piece of media. It is basically a simple recipe you
have to follow, it is simply following the acts from Act 1 till Act 3, If you do it right, the documentary will
succeed.
Rule of Thirds
There is a lot of thought that has to go into a documentary, the person talking about the subject has to
be an expert or a very knowledgeable person.
Although, even if you are an expert, the documentary without correct rules and camera angles would be
a garbage documentary. That is why I am looking into all of the rules and camera angles now, just so
later I will just have to find out how to use certain equipment.
Camera angles
There is a ton of camera angles I could use for my documentary, I think I will simply use only a few of
them. Well it would be quite difficult to use all of them.
For example for weights, food and the supplements I will use closeups and medium shots, for the
locations I will use long shots, I would love to use aerial shot but sadly I have no access to the
equipments.
Closeups
Long Shots
Editing style
George Butler is another one of the documentary directors who specified in documentaries about stuff
like sport and bodybuilding. He has made a documentary called; “Pumping Iron” in 1977. It is still
available on Netflix. I have not seen it myself but apparently it is very good.
George Butler has worked with the biggest icon, he has worked with Arnold
Schwarzenegger and this is one of the other things I really like about the
documentary genre. I got to talk to quite a few people in my time who had a
few good things to say. That’s what I think is beautiful, while in the gym, people
treat everyone like brothers. The documentary genre and the FMP of mine has
let me meet people I would never meet, it has taught me quite a few things
about respect and listening which is one of the other things that really inspired
me, hearing people’s stories, getting their opinion immortalized is what is
beautiful.
I have found a documentary which I would love to replicate in my own light. It is called “Generation
Iron” and “Generation Iron 2”. There is apparently also a third one but I am not sure if it is out or not?
These documentaries are very informative, they show all of the modern day bodybuilders talk about the
sport, they use vox pops to interview some of the experts and also they use a ton of archive footage in
the background of an amazing narration which I think I will use in a similar way.
The narration is great but I am also planning to use some vlogging techniques for my documentary.
I want to make it in the style of “Generation Iron” but I want to use most of my own assets and just a
little bit of archive footage, I mean I will use a little bit of archive footage but it’s not going to be like 30
seconds, it will be about 3 to 5 minutes of archive footage.
I will mostly focus on an off-screen narration for my documentary, I will try to show all of the clips,
products, people and other assets and I will talk about them in the background.
Time and space is also a documentary style which I would like to use, it uses diverse camera angles,
shot/reverse shot, close-ups, pans and tilts, however I am not 100% sure if I will use that style or not.
What I want to clarify is that I have done a ton of research on the documentary styles which are the
primary ones in the industry and I knew straight away I will want to use “The Expository Mode”, it is the
most informative and the most educational out of all of the other documentary styles.
It contains interviews, illustrative visuals, some actuality, perhaps some graphics and photos and a
“voice of God” narration track.
Bodybuilding is a sport involving strenuous physical exercise which is meant to strengthen and enlarge
the muscles of your body. This sport is often used to improve the physical appearance of the body and
when done professionally, it requires the contestant to go out onto a stage and present his poses/body
to the judges which then are scored and the best scored contestant wins the contest.
Bodybuilding is a beautiful sport, it has a lot of good and a few bad sides to it but the bad sides are
mostly linked to the genetics and the techniques you use while bodybuilding, but I will touch on that a
little later.
As I said, there is a lot of good sides for bodybuilding, the main ones are obviously an improvement in
visual appearance and health, but what is great about it, is not only your physical health it is also your
mental health that gets improved while bodybuilding as long as you don’t go over the top with it, you
will feel great.
While bodybuilding, your body gets a bunch of benefits from the intense exercise and cardio. Your body
simply becomes a machine after a while in that sport.
Your heart and lung muscles get stronger, your lung capacity increases and your heart gets immune to
some of the diseases like coronary heart disease, well, you won’t be 100% immune to the diseases but
the risk of getting them severely decreases.
Also a huge part of bodybuilding is nutrition, it is the diet you have to follow. Often people give up on
bodybuilding because of that exact fact, the diet. It is a very good thing though, having a consistent,
healthy diet is very good in any part of life, even if you don’t do bodybuilding.
There is also a few bad sides of bodybuilding in the world, most of them come from the genetics and the
techniques people use, but lots of bad sides also come from the “dark side” of bodybuilding.
The “dark side” of bodybuilding is usually related to the big baddie, the steroids and it is related to them
rightly so.
Anabolic Steroids are the most popular ones and the most dangerous ones, they can cause, kidney
problems or failure, liver damage and tumors, enlarged heart, high blood pressure and changes in blood
cholesterol. All of which increase risk of a stroke and heart attack, even in young people.
If it comes down to the genetic side of bodybuilding and the technique side of bodybuilding they are
different for all of the people, if your family has a history of asthma you are at risk of damaging your
breathing organs however in my case I have gotten rid of asthma which I am super grateful for.
If your family has heart problems you should not risk it and you shouldn’t go too heavy at first.
As I said I was fortunate enough to get rid of asthma while doing bodybuilding which I am super grateful
for, bodybuilding is literally my life now.
Some people could go a different direction though, I would advise visiting a doctor before doing
bodybuilding or powerlifting.
What is Powerlifting?
Powerlifting is a sport which requires the contestants to attempt three types of lift in a set sequence.
It is similar to bodybuilding because it still requires a diet, the time spent in the gym and the mind
strength and will. The only difference is the weights. Bodybuilders lift heavy and for reps which means
they lift it multiple times over and over in reps and sets, powerlifters lift REALLY heavy and they lift it
less, for example, they lift the weight one time or it depends on the competition but it usually requires
them to lift once but extremely heavy.
Hafthor Bjornsson
Age: 30
Eddie Hall
Age: 31
Age: 37
I have put these strongmen into this document because I would like to use some of their
video clips in my documentary … this is the only reason … they aren’t really relevant to the
research from what you see, but I have an idea in my head how to use that information I have
on here so there is no need to worry about it.
Vox Pops/Interviews
My FMP is a documentary about bodybuilding, I will record as much footage myself however there is
some footage I would like to use from other influencers. I know youtube allows you to use about 5 - 10
seconds of other people’s work/videos and that’s what I will do, I will use about a minute or two of
other people's videos as b-roll and archive footage. Obviously I will edit all of the video clips I am talking
about into a compilation and I will narrate over it so I can explain a certain topic verbally and so I can
have it displayed visually. Besides that I will also use some of the information and quotes from books
written by the greats like; Arnold Schwarzenegger, Ronnie Coleman and CT Fletcher.
Email to a practitioner.
I have sent an email to Vlad Yudin to ask him for any tips for a successful documentary, the thing is that
he has not yet responded and I should be starting my editing for the documentary.
I guess if he responds while I’ll be editing the video and he’ll tell me something I don’t know, I guess I
will just add or adjust the edit that I have.
Testing
Here is a comparison of my test that I have done for the interviews. On the left there is a photo taken
from the internet and on the right there is a photo I have taken while I was recording my documentaries.
The interviews were the only things I had to make sure that went out good. Everything else I could have
redone easily but the interviews not. Interviews were the only thing I only had one shot at.
The very first films before the 1900s, where called “actuality films” because they were showing snippets
of real “actual” events. For example they were showing a boat being dragged to the docks or the
workers leaving the factory. So in essence, the first movies and films that were made then where kind of
like documentaries.
Perhaps in 1920s, in Russia, documentary genre started with a young poet and film editor named Dziga
Vertov, he and his group have created a series of educational newsreels called the Kino-eye. (literally,
“cinema truth”) during the Russian Revolution.
In 1922 an American filmmaker has made an “original” documentary showing the lives of the eskimo.
1930s - 1940s were the years where documentaries became a great tool of propaganda for the greats
like, Nazi Germany, Australia or Great Britain, especially in the WWI and WWII.
From 1960s till 1990s documentaries have become something great for the educational world and for
the communities.
From that time documentaries kept getting better and better to this day they are getting more complex
and interesting.
Harvard Referencing
Documentary Styles:
Generation Iron. 2019. Vlad Yudin. [ONLINE] Available at: https://generationiron.com/. [Accessed 10
May 2019].
Bodybuilding Research:
Crazy Bulk. 2019. Steroids and Supplements. [ONLINE] Available at: https://crazybulk.co.uk/. [Accessed
25 April 2019].
Strongman Research:
Interviews Research:
Documentary Research:
Documentary Research. 2019. Research. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/6-types-of-documentary-film/. [Accessed 3 May 2019].
Camera -
Documentary Research. 2019. Research. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.eastwoodsoundandvision.com/panasonic-ag-cx350-4k-10-bit-handheld-camera?utm_sour
ce=google_shopping&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIk8zt_dKJ4gIVFc-yCh0z_A5wEAQYAyABEgIZxPD_BwE.
[Accessed 3 May 2019].
MUSIC: