DeepWater Horizon oil Spilling (aka BP oil spill)

The gulf of Mexico oil spill is an industrial disaster that began on 20th of April
2010, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum
industry and estimated to be 8% to 31% larger than the previous largest, The
Ixotoc I oil spill. The US government estimated the total discharge at 4.9 Million
barrels (780,000 m^3). After several failed attempts to contain the flow, the well
was declared sealed on 19 September 2010. A massive response ensued to
protect beaches , wetlands and estuaries from the spreading oil utilizing skimmer
ships, controlled burns and 1.84 millions US gallons (7000 m^3) of oil dispersant.
Due to the month-long spill, extensive damage to the marine life, wildlife had
been reported. In places like Louisiana 2,200 tonnes of oily material was removed
from the beaches, still the oil was continued to be found as far from the Macondo
site at the waters off the Florida Panhandle and Tampa Bay, where it was found
that the soil contained mixture of the oil and the oil dispersants. In April 2013,it
was reported that Dolphins and other marine life continued to die in continued
record numbers with infant numbers with infants dying at six time the normal
rate. One study released in 2014 reported that tuna were exposed to oil from the
spill and had further developed deformities of the heart and other organs that
would be expected to be fatal or atleast life-shortening. Another case study found
that the spill might have widespread Cardiotoxicity among the marine life due to
the spill.

Numerous investigations explored the cause of the explosion and the record
setting spill. The US government reported on th 11th of September that it was due
to the defective cement on the wall faulting mostly BP.