Effects of oxygenated or hydrogenated water on growth performance, blood parameters,

and antioxidant enzyme activity of broiler chickens

D. Shin E. S. R. Cho H-T Bang K. S. Shim

Poultry Science, Volume 95, Issue 11, 1 November 2016, Pages 2679–
2684,https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew237

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of providing oxygenated and hydrogenated
water on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and immunoglobulin
concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity of broiler chickens. In our investigation, 144
Ross × Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three different treatment groups with four
replicates (treatment × replicate × bird = 3 × 4 × 12). All chicks were given one of the following
types of water for five weeks: tap water (CON), hydrogenated water (HNW), and oxygenated
water (ONW). ONW supplementation increased the final body weight and weight gain and also
improved both feed intake and feed conversion of broiler chickens as compared to those of
CON broiler chickens (P< 0.05). The abdominal fat and its ratio to the final body weight showed
that fat accumulation in the broiler chicken abdomen was reduced when broiler chickens drank
only ONW for five weeks (P < 0.05). ONW supplementation improved blood parameters,
including triacylglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Additionally,
in accordance with a globulin increase in broiler chickens, both IgG and IgM generation were
significantly enhanced when ONW was supplied to broiler chickens (P < 0.05) but only a
numerical advance was observed in the HNW group (P > 0.05). Both oxygenated and
hydrogenated water supplementation significantly improved the antioxidant effects (P < 0.05),
and it seems that superoxide dismutase refinement was completed due to oxygen and/or
hydrogen enhancement of drinking water. These results indicate that oxygen enhancement of
drinking water may be recommended to improve growth performance by increasing
immunoglobulins mainly IgG and IgM.
INTRODUCTION

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in mitochondria are removed in the form of water due to
the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase. An excess of ROS can
overwhelm antioxidant capacities, resulting in stimulation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), which is
a key transcription factor for IgG production (Zhu et al., 2015). Importantly, exogenous supply of
oxygen and/or hydrogen supply may influence IgM and IgG production, which are produced by
B cells. When hydrogen and oxygen are reinforced through drinking water, individual hydrogen
and oxygen atoms can be linked to oxygen and hydrogen in water, respectively, which may
supply more hydrogen and oxygen to broiler chickens. In addition, it is possible that drinking
hydrogenated and oxygenated water may enhance the available oxygen and hydrogen in the
active tissues of the broiler chicken, and hydrogen and oxygen may improve both vitality and
immune parameters (Sommer et al., 2007).

A number of oxygenated water products containing 30 to 120 mg/L of oxygen, 7 to 10 times

higher than tap and fountain water, are commercially available (Choi et al., 1982; Gruber
et al., 2005; Jung et al., 2012a,b); the importance of both are important for the creation of
adenosine triphosphate for cellular energy. Indeed, about 97 to 98% of hemoglobin is saturated
in healthy humans (Willmert, 2001), which prompts the question does a greater oxygen supply
obtained from drinking water can create physiological and immunological differences in broiler
chickens.

Therefore, to estimate the improvement of broiler chicken immune system parameters and to
identify any enhancement of broiler chicken performance, oxygenated, hydrogenated, and
control drinking water was administered to Ross × Ross broiler chickens for five weeks, and
immune system and performance enhancement among the groups receiving different water
supplies were compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Hydrogenated and Oxygenated Water Generation

The stoma of bamboo stems supply water and nutrients to the plant's side face, and bamboo
stems with stomas 10 nm in diameter were selected for generation of hydrogen and oxygen
nano-bubbles in this study. Specifically, to produce hydrogenated and oxygenated water, a
250 mm long bamboo stem with a 50 mm diameter was irradiated under 50 kGy to eliminate
any hemicellulose from the stomas. Next, normal tap water was bubbled with either pure
hydrogen or oxygen via the bamboo stem. Addition of the hydrogen and oxygen supply at 3 bars
was completed three times per day for 2 h at room temperature, and the resulting hydrogenated
water (HNW) or oxygenated water (ONW) was supplied to broiler chicks for five weeks. The
hydrogen and oxygen content in HNW and ONW were routinely confirmed as containing 1 to
1.5 ppm of hydrogen (HACH Inc., CO) and 40 to 60 ppm of oxygen (YSI Inc., OH), respectively,
which are significantly higher than the values for the same substances in tap water (hydrogen 2
to 3 ppb and oxygen 1 to 8 ppm, respectively). Bubbled water has a greater capacity to transfer
oxygen and hydrogen than dissolved water, and bubble size and number are important in
specifying the quality of nano-bubbled water. The average diameter and number per milliliter of
nano-bubbles for hydrogen and oxygen were approximately 250 nm and 2.05 × 108, and
173 nm and 1.75 × 108, respectively (LM10-HS Model Nano Particle Tracking Analyzer,
NanoSight Ltd., Amesbury, United Kingdom).

Experimental Design and Birds Management

One-day-old male Ross × Ross male broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) of body weight
ranging from 45 to 46 g were used for the study. The chicks were maintained in the chicken
house, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University. They were
individually housed under hygienic conditions (25 to 28°C) under a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle.
The chicks were allowed free access to commercial diet containing corn and soybean based on
the NRC (1994) recommendation. The experimental procedures were approved by the
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Chonbuk National University, (No.2012-1-0014) in
accordance with the Korean National Law on Animal Care and Use.

After acclimatization for a period of 1 week, the chicks were divided into the following groups
and maintained for a total period of five weeks.

Group 1: CON, chicks received the normal tap water (pH 7.3 to 7.4) by nipple drinker for 5
weeks.
Group 2: HNW, chicks received hydrogenated treated water (pH 7.3 to 7.4) by nipple drinker for
5 weeks.

Group 3: ONW, chicks received oxygenated treated water (pH 7.3 to 7.4) by nipple drinker for 5
weeks.

Water was provided by nipple drinker ad libitum to the chicks and the study consisted of four
independent replicate with 12 birds per replicates (12 × 4 × 3 = birds × replications ×
treatments).

Sample Collection

At the end of the rearing period, all feeds were withdrawn for 12 h and the birds were
transported to a pilot processing plant for slaughter. All birds were then shackled, stunned, and
sacrificed by cutting the jugular and carotid veins, after which further slaughter processing was
conducted. During the slaughter process, 3 mL of blood as well as tissue from the breast muscle
were collected and delivered to the laboratory for biochemical analysis. To determine blood
biochemical parameters and immune system enhancement, each blood sample collected during
the slaughter process was allowed to coagulate for 30 min at room temperature followed by
centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 min to separate the serum. All serum samples were then
stored at −70°C until analysis. Breast muscles were washed with pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered
saline and homogenized in a solution of pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline containing ethylene
diamine tetra acetic acid. Each homogenate was then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min at
4°C, and the supernatant was collected and used to determine antioxidant enzyme activity.

Growth Performance

At the end of the rearing period, liver, abdominal fat, and spleen material were collected and
weighed. To assess the growth performance of broiler chicks, both their initial and final body
weights were measured and used to determine the amount of weight gained. The feed intake
per chicken pen was recorded at the end of the experiment, and the feed conversion ratio was
calculated based on both the feed intake and weight gain.

Blood Biochemical Parameters, Serum IgG and IgM Concentration

Serum samples from individual animals were used for blood biochemical parameters
measurements. The levels of glucose, triacylglyceride (TAG), total cholesterol (TCL), high
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-
cholesterol), total protein, albumin, and globulin were determined using a Hitachi 7600
automatic analyzer (Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan). LDL-cholesterol levels were calculated based
on the following equation.
LDL−cholesterol=Totalcholesterol−(HDL−cholesterol+TAG/5)LDL−cholesterol=Totalcholesterol−
(HDL−cholesterol+TAG/5)

To determine serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M levels, serum immunoglobulin was measured
using respective chicken IgG and IgM ELISA kits (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX)
following the manufacturer's guidelines. Each IgG and IgM level was calculated based on
measurement of the absorbance at 450 nm.

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Analysis

Both serum and breast muscle samples were used to measure catalase, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity and antioxidant activity [2,2′-
azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), ABTS] using a commercial kit from the
Cayman Chemical Company (Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI). Protein quantification for
breast muscle was measured using a kit from Bio-Rad (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).

Statistical Analysis

All data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM)
procedure of the SAS program (SAS, 2002). The level of statistical significance for all data was
set at P < 0.05, which was determined using Duncan's multiple range test.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

There was a significant difference in final body weight and weight gain among the different
groups (Table 1). Specifically, birds supplied with oxygenated water weighed on average 156 g
more than birds in the CON group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, broiler chicks in the HNW
group exhibited an intermediate increase in final body weight and weight gain compared to birds
in the CON and ONW groups (P> 0.05). Both feed intake and feed conversion effects were
improved in birds reared on only HNW and ONW, which also resulted in numerically and
significantly altered abdominal fat accumulation in broiler chicks (P < 0.05). Weight gain was
observed in all groups at the end of the experimental period. However, the final body weight,
weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion were increased in hydrogenated and oxygenated
groups than control groups. The abdominal fat and its ratio to the final body weight showed that
fat accumulation in the broiler chicken abdomen was reduced when broiler chickens drank only
ONW for five weeks. Sommer et al. (2007) reported that supplying ONW to 3 to 6 months old
female mice for 22 weeks significantly increases their body weight for the first two weeks, but
that this difference is no longer significant after this time period. Thus, weight gain for the first
two weeks may be due to the higher concentration of oxygen, as high oxygen concentrations
lead to an enhanced rate of oxygen absorption by the body, resulting in increased glycolysis
and/or mitochondrial protein synthesis (Willmert et al., 2002; Attaix et al., 2005; Bibby
et al., 2005). Increased glycolysis and mitochondrial protein synthesis rates tend to increase
myofibrillar protein synthesis, and such increased muscle protein mass results in a higher
weight gain and lower amount of feed intake (Balagopal et al., 1997), which may explain the
changes in abdominal fat deposition of broiler chicks.

Table 1.

Effects of hydrogenated and oxygenated water supplementation on broiler chicken

performance.1

Treatment2

Items CON HNW ONW

Initial body weight (g/bird) 45.6 ± 0.16 46.4 ± 0.53 46.0 ± 0.90

Final body weight (g/bird) 2,167 ± 32b 2,274 ± 38a,b 2,323 ± 44a

Weight gain (g/bird) 2,121 ± 32b 2,227 ± 38a,b 2,277 ± 44a

Feed intake (g/bird) 3,540 ± 19a 3,315 ± 10b 3,381 ± 59b

 Treatment2

Items CON HNW ONW

Feed conversion 1.67 ± 0.04a 1.49 ± 0.04b 1.48 ± 0.04b

Liver (g) 50.2 ± 1.90 47.6 ± 1.61 50.3 ± 1.49

Spleen (g) 2.29 ± 0.19 2.14 ± 0.14 2.51 ± 0.20

Abdominal fat (g) 36.4 ± 3.08a 31.2 ± 4.28a,b 27.4 ± 1.96b

Liver/Final body weight 2.00 ± 0.08 1.92 ± 0.07 2.02 ± 0.07

Spleen/Final body weight 0.09 ± 0.007 0.09 ± 0.006 0.10 ± 0.008

Abdominal fat/Final body weight 1.45 ± 0.12a 1.25 ± 0.11a,b 1.10 ± 0.08b

a,b
Mean values within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05).
1
Each data entry represents the mean ± standard error.
2
Treatments: CON = tap water group; HNW = hydrogenated water group; ONW = oxygenated
water group.
View Large

The serum levels of TAG, TCL, and LDL-cholesterol was decreased in broiler chicks supplied
with either HNW or ONW for five weeks compared to CON broiler chicks (P< 0.05, Table 2);
there was no significance between the HNW and ONW groups (P> 0.05). The total protein and
albumin contents were not significantly altered between groups (P > 0.05), whereas the amount
of globulin available in broiler chick serum was influenced by HNW supplementation.
Specifically, broiler chicks in the HNW group had a globulin level of 2.30 ± 0.04 g/dL, which was
0.28 g/dL higher than that of broiler chicks in the CON group (P < 0.05). While the highest
globulin level in this study was observed for the HNW group, generation of IgG and IgM, the
levels of which provide an overall picture of immune function, was higher in broiler chicks
furnished with ONW, which increased up to 10.58% and 32.97%, respectively, as compared to
those of CON broiler chicks (P < 0.05). The serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol in ONW were significantly increased as compared to the other groups.
This data was consistent with the long-term study by Nugrahani (2013), who reported that
consumption of oxygenated water consumption lowered total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol
levels in the blood plasma of 12 male students who drank oxygenated water and then
exercised. Based on the slightly negative and positive charges of oxygen and hydrogen in
water, addition molecular oxygen and hydrogen may bind to hydrogen and oxygen of water
through ionic bonds. Addition to additional oxygen and hydrogen delivered through oxygenated
and hydrogenated water seems to increase oxygen saturation and free hydrogen ion levels in
the blood stream of broiler chicks as a result of diffusion (Ignacio et al., 2013).

Table 2.

Effects of hydrogenated and oxygenated water supplementation on broiler chicken blood and
immune parameters.1

Treatment2

Items CON HNW ONW

Glucose (mg/dL) 214.4 ± 3.85 208.3 ± 3.13 208.8 ± 4.07

Triacylglyceride (mg/dL) 51.53 ± 3.68a 41.49 ± 2.36b 42.86 ± 1.96b

Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 150.0 ± 9.06a 122.2 ± 3.20b 113.4 ± 4.08b

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 66.38 ± 4.28 65.88 ± 4.14 63.94 ± 3.60

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 206.1 ± 7.97a 180.7 ± 5.73b 168.8 ± 5.76b

Total protein (g/dL) 3.09 ± 0.10 3.18 ± 0.14 3.08 ± 0.08

Albumin (g/dL) 1.09 ± 0.04 0.99 ± 0.04 1.08 ± 0.03

Globulin (g/dL) 2.02 ± 0.07b 2.30 ± 0.04a 2.10 ± 0.07a,b

 Treatment2

Items CON HNW ONW

IgG (mg/mL) 18.62 ± 0.51b 19.67 ± 0.58a,b 20.59 ± 0.42a

IgM (ug/mL) 138.9 ± 13.7b 153.7 ± 10.3a,b 184.7 ± 13.2a

a,b
Mean values within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05).
1
Each data entry represents the mean ± standard error.
2
Treatments: CON = tap water group; HNW = hydrogenated water group; ONW = oxygenated
water group.
View Large

The levels of IgG and IgM were significantly increased in HNW and ONW as compared to the
control group. But the trend of globulin levels was not directly correlated with that of IgG and
IgM in HNW, which may suggest that hydrogen supplementation did not influence globulin
members other than gamma-globulins. Globulins are water-insoluble proteins (Singh
et al., 2001), and among the four different types of globulins, gamma-globulin is one of the main
globulins and also a component of immunoglobulin (Hodek and Stiborová, 2003). Therefore, an
elevated amount of globulin may represent an increase in the ability to produce additional IgG
and IgM. The increase in oxidative stress causes decreased immunoglobulin levels and
antioxidant enzymes (Ercal et al., 2000) and consumption of fat that contributes the alteration of
immunoglobulin levels (IgG and IgM). Our results show administration of HNW and ONW
enhanced the IgG, IgM, SOD, and decreased the fat levels. There may be some interconnection
among the SOD immunoglobulin and fat. Therefore, we suggest that increased SOD and
decreased fat level may influence immunoglobulin such as IgG and IgM. In addition,
amelioration of both IgG and IgM may be induced due to the release of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as
described by Okada et al. (2003), and excess oxygen levels leading to ROS formation is
associated with increased IL-10 production (Kelly et al., 2010). However, as mentioned above,
ROS formed during basal metabolism appeared to be scavenged or quenched due to oxygen
and hydrogen supplementation, leading to increased levels of both IgG and IgM, which was
thought to be due to another interleukin or chemokine such as IL-10, although we did not
specifically measure levels of IL-10 in broiler chickens.

Both HNW and ONW supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens to
4.69 mM and 4.36 mM, respectively (P < 0.05, Table 3). The catalase was not significantly
different between treatments. Along with the improvement of antioxidant effects, an enrichment
in SOD activity from 49 to 52% and 20 to 37% in both serum and tissue was observed
(P < 0.05), respectively. And GSH-Px activities in the serum was not significantly different as
compared to Con but HNW and ONW in the breasts was significantly decreased than Con
(P < 0.05). Both HNW and ONW supplementation significantly enhanced the antioxidant and
SOD of broiler chickens (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activity is the first line of defense
against ROS and decomposes H2O2 to H2O and O2 in peroxisomes (Ray and Husain, 2002;
Yang and Poovaiah, 2002). This finding was consistent with earlier reports Öztürk-Ürek et al.
(2001), who did not observe any improvement in catalase activity but instead in SOD activity
following the addition of copper to a chicken's diet. Specifically, as SOD levels increase, more
ROS can be converted into H2O2; therefore, the activities of both catalase and GSH-Px should
increase. However, in this study, catalase was not affected and GSH-Px was significantly
decreased (P < 0.05). Two different scenarios can be considered in attempting to explain this
observation. First, the hydrogen and/or oxygen provided via drinking water to broiler chicks may
have reacted with and stabilized ROS levels, while some of the hydrogen and/or oxygen may
have been used to form H2O2 due to reaction with SOD. Another defense against H2O2 is non-
enzymatic antioxidant molecules (Finkel and Holbrook, 2000). Although non-enzymatic
antioxidants transform H2O2 to H2O, they are not very rapid or reactive substances, but their
activity may be accelerated in the presence of increased hydrogen and/or oxygen levels (Hazra
et al., 2008). Furthermore, high concentrations of H2O2 may lead to preferential activation of
catalase over GSH-Px to convert H2O2 to H2O (Öztürk-Ürek et al., 2001), which may be because
GSH-Px is complex and requires additional co-factors and proteins for activation (Weydert and
Cullen, 2010). Together, these effects may explain how catalase exhibited sustained activity
without any reduction in its levels in the serum or tissue (P > 0.05).

Table 3.
Effect of hydrogenated and oxygenated water supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activity
of broiler chicken serum and breast muscle.1

Treatment2

Items CON HNW ONW

Antioxidant (mM) 2.50 ± 0.67b 4.69 ± 0.30a 4.36 ± 0.62a

Catalase

Serum (nmol/min/mL of serum) 18.23 ± 2.07 12.56 ± 1.48 14.22 ± 2.19

Tissue (nmol/min/mg of protein) 477.00 ± 68.60 435.36 ± 22.72 484.65 ± 43.65

Superoxide dismutase

Serum (U/mL of serum) 4.77 ± 1.04b 9.45 ± 1.27a 9.88 ± 0.94a

Tissue (U/mg of protein) 8.73 ± 0.55c 13.86 ± 0.43a 11.02 ± 1.08b

Glutathione peroxidase

Serum (nmol/min/mL of serum) 232.4 ± 43.1 258.3 ± 56.8 333.4 ± 58.4

Tissue (nmol/min/mg of protein) 6.86 ± 1.65a 3.13 ± 0.60b 2.53 ± 0.69b

a–c
Mean values within a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05).
1
Each data entry represents the mean ± standard error.
2
Treatments: CON = tap water group; HNW = hydrogenated water group; ONW = oxygenated
water group.
View Large

In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that supplying either a hydrogenated or
oxygenated water supply to broiler chicks for five weeks led to reduced TAG, TCL, and LDL-
cholesterol levels and increased immunoglobulin levels. Additionally, enzymatic antioxidant
effects were significantly improved by providing either hydrogenated or oxygenated water to
broiler chicks. Along with increased TAG and cholesterol levels and antioxidant defense
capacity, oxygenated water supply appears to improve the feed conversion ratio, which led to a
higher final body weight. Hence, application of ONW appears to be a possible new therapeutic
approach for increasing antioxidant enzymes, immune system, and lipid lowering activity in
chicken and it could be responsible for the positive effects to health and animal welfare.

La oxidación celular
Parte del oxígeno que respiramos se convierte en oxígeno reactivo, radical libre, que nos
oxida.

La oxidación es la principal causa del envejecimiento y del 90% de las enfermedades.

Producimos una excesiva cantidad de radicales libres debido a múltiples motivos. Nos
oxidamos, enfermamos y envejecemos.

El hidrógeno como antioxidante

El hidrógeno es el antioxidante más efectivo, el de menor tamaño, y el más abundante y
económico.
Es la molécula más pequeña que existe: penetra a través de los vasos sanguíneos, la
barrera hematoencefálica y las paredes de las células hasta llegar al núcleo. Por ello
neutraliza los radicales libres más rápidamente y eficientemente que el resto de los
antioxidantes.

Es capaz de atrapar los radicales libres que nos oxidan, protegiendo nuestros genes. A
diferencia de otros antioxidantes, el hidrógeno es capaz de introducirse en las células y
proteger nuestro ADN.

Elimina selectivamente los radicales libres más nocivos: los radicales hidroxilo.

Funciones del hidrógeno en nuestro organismo

Según diversos estudios (*) realizados hasta la fecha, las funciones del hidrógeno son las
siguientes:

 Neutraliza los radicales libres: que nos envejecen y que causan el 90% de las
enfermedades.

 Inhibe el daño causado por los radicales libres sobre nuestro ADN.

 Estimula las enzimas de las células que actúan como antioxidantes.

 Es un excelente antiinflamatorio.

 Equilibra la relación ácido-base del cuerpo, evitando la propagación de virus,

bacterias y hongos.

 Mejora la condición de la piel.

 Aumenta la energía, la claridad mental y la atención.

 Mejora el metabolismo y el movimiento de los intestinos.

 Incrementa el rendimiento deportivo y disminuye el tiempo de recuperación.

 Alivia el dolor muscular y articular.

 Mejora la circulación sanguínea.

Somos un 70% agua

La forma más práctica y económica de suministrar hidrógeno a nuestro organismo es por
medio del agua enriquecida con hidrógeno.

El agua hidrogenada por medio de electrólisis cuenta con un potencial RedOx muy
negativo, y al estar cargada de hidrógeno activo, actúa doblemente como un potente
antioxidante.

En Japón se han hecho numerosos estudios científicos a lo largo de los últimos 60 años
demostrando las propiedades terapéuticas del agua hidrogenada. Por ello, el Ministerio de
Salud de este país reconoció su valor terapéutico ya en el año 1965.

Agua Hidrogenada
Agua Hidrogenada
¡La Mejor Agua Que Puedes Beber!

Fernando es un paciente con cáncer que vino a verme para mejorar su alimentación,
entendiendo que cómo comemos tiene una relación con esta y muchas otras enfermedades.

Comencé a asesorar a Fernando para que aprendiera a comer para nutrirse y no para
alimentar a las células cancerígenas de su organismo. Estas, igual que nosotros, comen y se
reproducen y, tiene sus alimentos predilectos. Fernando comenzó a entender que hay ciertos
alimentos que, en vez de fomentar el desarrollo y propagar el cáncer, lo que hacen es frenar y
combatir las células cancerígenas. Se tomó al pie de la letra todo lo que le dije y poco a poco
comenzó a sentirse mejor. El es uno de esos pacientes que a todo terapeuta le gustaría tener.
No obstante, a pesar de su mejoría, quiso seguir con sus sesiones de quimioterapia, a lo que, a
pesar de conocer sus efectos secundarios, no me opuse. Le recomendé que usara agua con
hidrógeno el día antes, durante y después de su tercera sesión de quimioterapia con la
intención de atenuar el efecto secundario. En ocasiones anteriores, después de la
quimioterapia había tenido que estar un día en cama. Una vez más siguió mi consejo y no tuvo
ni un solo síntoma.

Todo lo que he hablado hasta aquí es importante y te va a ayudar a vivir más sano y más
tiempo, pero lo que vas a descubrir en este capítulo es imprescindible para tu salud, y
puede, literalmente, cambiar tu vida para mejor.
Hay algo que tu cuerpo utiliza como combustible, que necesita para vivir y desintoxicar, y de lo
que muy poca gente está hablando en nuestro país. Cuando la gente descubra lo que voy a
compartir contigo, tendremos un cambio de paradigma en el ámbito de la salud.
El secreto que está cambiando la vida de muchas personas es el HIDRÓGENO. Te voy a
explicar qué es, y porqué es tan importante para nuestra salud.

¿Qué es el Hidrógeno?
El hidrógeno es un componente elemental de la vida y del universo. Es el elemento químico
más ligero y abundante en existencia. El hidrógeno compone el 90% del universo, y el 99%
del sol, que es de donde recibe la tierra la energía. No es casualidad que el hidrógeno sea,
proporcionalmente, la molécula principal de nuestras células:
Hidrógeno………………62.38
Oxígeno…………………25.55
Carbono…………………..9.42
Nitrógeno…………………1.35
Calcio……………………..0.24
Fósforo……………………0.20
Cloro………………………0.08
Potasio……………………0.06
Azufre……………………..0.05
Sodio……………………..0.04
Magnesio…………………0.01
Sabemos que el hidrógeno es el carburante más limpio que existe, ya que cuando combustiona
produce agua. De hecho toda fuente de energía contiene hidrógeno. Pero lo que se desconoce
es que el hidrógeno molecular es el mejor combustible y antioxidante para nuestras
células. Observa cómo se asemeja la combustión de nuestras células con la de un coche:

El hidrógeno es el elemento más importante de nuestras células, ya que las mitocondrias

(los motores de las células) necesitan hidrógeno para producir la energía necesaria (ATP) para
el crecimiento, la reparación y regeneración del cuerpo.
Es por este motivo que la mejor fuente de energía que tenemos a nuestro alcance es el
hidrógeno.
Recibimos hidrógeno por medio de los alimentos. Las plantas captan el hidrógeno del sol y la
transforman en clorofila. El hidrógeno es almacenado en forma de hidrato de carbono (glucosa)
que es el carburante de nuestras células.

Por si no lo sabías, el hidrógeno es un elemento vital y cumple numerosas funciones en tu organismo:

 1. Neutraliza los radicales libres que es lo que nos envejece, y que causan el 90% de las
enfermedades.
2. Inhibe el daño a nivel genético.
3. Estimula las enzimas de las células que actúan como antioxidantes.
4. Tienes propiedades antiinflamatorias y reduce los síntomas de las alergias.
5. Reduce el azúcar en sangre.
6. Protege contra bacterias y virus.
7. Mejora la condición de la piel.

Con esas propiedades, es fácil de entender los beneficios que tiene el hidrógeno para nuestro
organismo:
a) Retrasa el envejecimiento.
b) Disminuye el colesterol en exceso.
c) Equilibra los niveles elevados de triglicéridos.
d) Aumenta la energía, la claridad mental y la atención.
e) Mejora el metabolismo.
f) Incrementa el rendimiento deportivo.
g) Disminuye el tiempo de recuperación.
h) Reduce la inflamación.
i) Alivia el dolor muscular y articular.
j) Mejora la circulación sanguínea.
k) Regula la tensión arterial.
l) Ayuda a mantener el movimiento de los intestinos.
m) Mejora la condición de la piel.
n) Normaliza el azúcar en sangre.

La Oxidación del Organismo

El oxígeno tiene un doble efecto en los mamíferos: a) Aporta energía y b) Nos oxida. Esto es
lo que se llama “la paradoja del oxígeno”. ¿Cómo puede oxidarnos el oxígeno? Entre el 2 y el
4% de todo el oxígeno que respiramos nos oxida al convertirse en radicales libres en nuestro
organismo. Se estima que el 90% de las enfermedades están producidas por la oxidación de
nuestras células.

Pero hay otros factores que también nos oxidan:

Observa cómo afecta la oxidación a nuestro organismo:
El hidrógeno es capaz de atrapar los radicales libres que nos oxidan, protegiendo nuestros
genes. A diferencia de otros antioxidantes, el hidrógeno es capaz de introducirse en las células
y proteger nuestro ADN. Y si el hidrógeno nos protege a nivel genético, mejora nuestra
longevidad. Por si fuera poco, el hidrógeno también impide la oxidación de las proteínas y las
grasas.
¿Cuáles son los beneficios del Hidrógeno como antioxidante frente a otros?

1-Actúa sólo frente a radicales libres perjudiciales.

2-No deja residuos después de su acción antioxidante.
3-El hidrógeno aumenta los mecanismos antioxidantes de nuestro propio cuerpo, como el
glutatión.
4-Puede penetrar dentro de las células.
5-No tiene efectos secundarios a altas dosis, a diferencia de otros antioxidantes.
6-Se puede usar sin ingerir calorías adicionales.
7-Es capaz de atravesar la barrera encefálica y actuar como antioxidante cerebral.
La molécula del agua enriquecida con hidrógeno tiene un tamaño inferior al normal y ello hace
que penetre mejor en nuestro organismo y sea más hidratante. De hecho, es capaz de
atravesar la barrera encefálica, cosa que no consiguen otros antioxidantes. Todas estas
características hacen del hidrógeno el mejor antioxidante que existe. Y como bien ya sabes,
el envejecimiento tiene que ver con la inevitable oxidación.
EFECTO ANTIOXIDANTE DEL HIDRÓGENO EN NUESTRO ORGANISMO

Agua hidrogenada. La Mejor Agua del Planeta

Todas las personas de este planeta pueden clasificarse de varias formas, pero hablando de
medicina preventiva sólo hay dos clases: a) Los que se cuidan y se preocupan de su salud y b)
Los que son indiferentes, sea que reaccionen o no cuando suena la “alarma” de la enfermedad.

Aún entre los que se cuidan, el enfoque principal de la salud ha sido especialmente la nutrición.
Yo mismo he pasado la mitad de mi vida leyendo y estudiando sobre nutrición, fitoterapia,
oligoterapia, enzimas, antioxidantes, vitaminas, minerales, suplementos…etc. No obstante,
todo eso no es más que el 30% de la ecuación de la salud humana.

Somos un 70% de agua pero nos preocupamos especialmente del 30% de nuestro organismo.
(30/70) Pero nuestra prioridad, si queremos tener salud y longevidad, debiera ser preocuparnos
del mar interior del cuerpo, sin olvidarnos del 30% restante. (70/30) Esa es la ecuación perfecta
si quieres tener salud y longevidad.
Pero, ¿Cuál es la mejor agua que podemos beber? Veamos cuales deben ser las
características ideales del agua que tendríamos que beber. El agua que bebemos puede ser
saludable o perjudicial para nuestro organismo dependiendo de su:

a) Estructura (cluster)
b) pH
c) Potencial redox (capacidad de actuar como oxidante o antioxidante) Si es positivo, el agua
es oxidante. Y al contrario, si la cifra es negativa es antioxidante.
d) Tamaño molecular. Cuanto menor sea el tamaño, más hidrata. Si el tamaño es grande, el
líquido no se absorbe bien.
e) Prevalencia de oxígeno o hidrógeno.

Durante más de medio siglo, los japoneses han desarrollado una tecnología por medio de la
cual han conseguido obtener el agua con más calidad del planeta y con las características
más saludables de los cuatro parámetros mencionados más arriba.
Ellos han desarrollado el agua hidrogenada con las siguientes características:
a) Estructura molecular hexagonal. (La mejor)

b) pH alcalino (8-12)

c) Potencial de oxidación reducción negativo (-100 a -900mV), con un efecto muy antioxidante.
Cuanto menor el valor, mayor la capacidad antioxidante.

d) Tamaño molecular pequeño. (El mejor)

e) Baja concentración de oxígeno y alta concentración de hidrógeno; aproximadamente 200 a

500 veces más que el presente en el agua antes de la electrólisis.

Es por esto que la forma más práctica y cómoda de suministrar hidrógeno a nuestro organismo
es por medio del agua enriquecida con hidrógeno. Esta agua obtenida por medio de
electrólisis no sólo evita que el agua nos oxide, sino que, al estar cargada de hidrógeno, y con
un potencial reductor actúa también como un gran antioxidante.
No existe hasta la fecha un agua de más calidad que el agua reducida y enriquecida con
hidrógeno. Esta es el agua que todos debiéramos beber sin excepción, y muy
especialmente cualquier enfermo.
En Japón, se han hecho numerosos estudios científicos a lo largo de los últimos 60 años
demostrando las propiedades terapéuticas de esta agua. Por ello, el Ministerio de Salud de
este país reconoció su valor terapéutico ya en el año 1965.

A día de hoy, hay más de 350 artículos científicos que hacen referencia a las propiedades
terapéuticas del hidrógeno. Y los beneficios del agua con hidrógeno han sido comprobados en
más de 139 enfermedades.
Desde hace décadas que se venden en varios países asiáticos equipos para conseguir
esta agua hidrogenada de alta calidad. En cualquier negocio de electrodomésticos se venden
estos aparatos junto a cafeteras, planchas o cualquier otro dispositivo doméstico. Hay incluso
empresas que la embotellan y venden en los supermercados junto a las aguas minerales y, en
los gimnasios hay máquinas expendedoras de agua reducida con hidrógeno.
El agua hidrogenada es aconsejada incluso por expertos de renombre mundial como el autor
de “La Enzima Prodigiosa”.

Su autor dice: “Existen purificadores que ionizan y crean este tipo de agua (antioxidante)
a partir de electrólisis. (..) Cuando ocurre la electrólisis, se produce hidrógeno activo que
puede eliminar el exceso de radicales libres del cuerpo”. (“La Enzima Prodigiosa”,
pp.142,143)
El interés por esta agua terapéutica saltó las fronteras niponas y llegó también a los EEUU
donde ya es casi tan popular como en Japón. En España, tenemos una única empresa que
está importando esta tecnología y que está teniendo una gran aceptación.

La máquina HydrogenStar es capaz de producir agua hidrogenada, alcalina, estructurada y

antioxidante. El potencial antioxidante que tiene es de – 650 mV. No hay otro líquido más
antioxidante que el ser humano pueda beber.
FUNCIÓN ADICIONAL DE AGUA OXIGENADA
Este equipo no sólo es un hidrogenador, es también un oxigenador. El agua hidrogenada se
ingiere, y el agua oxigenada se usa de forma externa tanto en nuestro organismo como en
nuestra casa. Descubre las funciones del agua oxigenada en este breve vídeo:
Si aún tienes dudas de todos los beneficios que el agua hidrogenada tiene, aqui tienes una
entrevista al científico Garth L. Nicolson hablando sobre las propiedades del hidrógeno:

Más información aún:

Es por todo esto que si quieres tener salud o recuperarla, el agua antioxidante e hidrogenada
es la primera opción. Esta es la mejor agua que una persona sana o enferma, sea cual sea
su enfermedad, puede beber.
Juan Torrontegui

Técnico Superior en Dietética y Naturópata

Páginas web de interés sobre el agua con hidrógeno:

Español:
Universidad Autónoma de México: Propiedades antioxidantes del agua reducida.
http://www.journals.unam.mx/index.php/vertientes/article/view/26627
Inglés:
Estudios científicos del hidrógeno molecular en inglés:
http://www.molecularhydrogenstudies.com/
Estudios científicos demostrando que los deportistas se oxidan de forma más rápida.
(http://bit.ly/1i0o0ta)

Revista Trends (original en inglés):

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224411002408
Terapia potencial para 8 de las 10 causas de muerte:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660246/
Referencias científicas al agua reducida o hidrogenada:

● Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals.

Nature Medicine Advance Online Publication, 7 May 2007
● Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients
with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
Nutrition Research Volume 28, lssue 3, March 2008, Pages 137-143
● Consumption of Molecular Hydrogen Prevents the Stress-Induced Impairments in
Hippocampus-Dependent Learning Tasks during Chronic Physical Restraint in Mice.
Neuropsychopharmacology Advance Online Publication, 18 June 2008
● Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted
SMP30/GNL knockout mice.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Volume 375, lssue 3, 24 October 2008, Pages 346-350
http://water-institute.org/world/index.html
● Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with
radiotherapy for liver tumors
Kang et al. Medical Gas Research 2011, 1:11
http://www.medicalgasresearch.com/content/1/1/11
● Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients
with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance
Sizuo Kajiyama et al. Nutrition Research 28 (2008) 137–143
www.elsevier.com/locate/nutres
● Advanced research on the health benefit of reduced water*
Sanetaka Shirahata et al. Trends in Food Science & Technology 23 (2012) 124e131
http://www.medicalgasresearch.com/content/1/1/11
Efectos del Uso de la Máquina Hydrozen
“HydroZen ingestion allows for performance enhancement in athletes.”
-Bak Geun Chung PhD. (Professor at Kyung Hee University)
“HydroZen activates cells and increases immune function, thereby allowing the body to fight
against damaging free radicals and aiding the natural healing process of the body.”
– Toshihumi Wakayama (Director of The Japanese Hydrogen Research Center)
“Negative hydrogen ions are a necessary component during cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Negative hydrogen ions also have strong reduction potentials, allowing them to eliminate free
radicals effectively.”
-Oikawa Taneaki PhD. (Director of The Institute for Creative Biotechnology)
“HydroZen has been significantly helping the symptoms of patients with Hepatitis C Liver
Cirrhosis, angina pectoris, muscular dystrophy, obesity, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and various
cancers. This powerful antioxidant has been shown to improve the life of cancer patients as
well.”
– Naito Mareo M.D. (Tochigi General Hospital Director of Internal Medicine)
“HydroZen eliminates hazardous free radicals, especially hydroxyl radicals. HydroZen is
especially effective in patients with brain-related disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer’s,
stroke, epilepsy and autism.”
– Shigeo Ohta M.D. (Japan Medical School Professor and author of “Hydrogen acts as a
therapeutic antioxidant.”)
“HydroZen protects against cell death caused by ultraviolet rays and naturally occuring
hydrogen peroxide in our bodies.”
– Nobuhiko Niwa M.D. (Hiroshima University Professor)
“HydroZen is very effective in patients with sinus allergies.”
– Shikada Hideaki M.D. (Mejiro University Professor)
“40 minutes after taking HydroZen, red blood cells become activated and separated allowing for
increased blood circulation and release of knots in muscle.”
– Abe Hiroyuki M.D. (Chairman of Nine Clinics in Japan)
“HydroZen is a powerful anti-aging tool. HydroZen is very effective in patients with atopic
dermatitis, allergies, diabetes, enlarged prostate, Alzheimer’s and cancer.”
– Mori Yoshiomi PhD. (Tokyo Medical School Professor)
“HydroZen is a powerful antioxidant supplement able to penetrate the blood brain barrier.”
– Hira Matz M.D. (Northeast Asian Culture University Professor)
“HydroZen significantly decreases oxidative stress, and improves antioxidant function in the
body. Effective in suppressing and controlling rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, pollen
allergies, colds, and high blood pressure.”
– Toshihiko Yayama M.D. (Yayama Clinic CEO)
“The effects of HydroZen can be seen very quickly(within 2 or 3 days). HydroZen is very
effective against infection, atopic dermatitis and cancer. HydroZen is safe even through long-
term use.”
– Masayuki Niwa M.D. (Niwa Clinic CEO)
“HydroZen is very effective for sinus allergies and infections.”
– Hideaki Sakada M.D. (Saitama Prefectural Otolaryngology Clinic Director)
“HydroZen increases the exercise capacity of athletes without violating anti-doping laws.”
– Domihiro Shimizu PhD. (Joetsu University Graduate School Professor)
“Doctors can only explain the causes of 25-30% of diseases. HydroZen raises immune function
significantly enough to address many different disease symptoms.”
– Jin Hinokida M.D. (Honorary Director at Hinokida Hospital)
“Very effective in treating skin diseases that arise in cats and dogs.”
– Kaoru Endo (Veterinarian and Director at Endo Animal Hospital)
“If HydroZen is taken, 8-OHdG (Hydroxyl Radicals) is decreased in the body. DNA damage is
also reduced greatly.”
– Nagao Noriki M.D. (Kawasaki University)
“Diabetes patient saw good results with HydroZen (Blood Glucose 240 –> 163, After 1 week)”
– Fujinuma Hidemitsu M.D. (Tokyo Medical University)
“Effective against atopic dermatitis (IgE 2100–>1500, 3 months)”
– Yoshikazu Erie M.D. (Director of Erie Hospital)
“HydroZen inhibits DNA damage by acrylamide, thereby helping prevent cancer.”
– Rae Bok Joong M.D. (Dalian Medical University)