MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

1. The average of a number and √7 +

√5 is √7–√5. Find the number. Solution:

Solution: Taking the 2018th root both sides, we

have
Let x be the missing number. (n – 18)2 ≤ 99

x + (√7 + √5) Since we are looking for the largest

= √7–√5 positive integer n, we observed that
2
the largest value of (n – 18)2 less than
x + √7 + √5=2√7– 2√5
99 is 81 since 92 = 81.
x = 2√7–√7– 2√5– √5
x = √7– 3√5 Hence, n – 18 = 9  n = 27.
2. Find n if 27.63% of 349 is 2.763% of n. 6. How many integers between 60 and
600 (inclusive) are divisible by 2 or
Solution: by 3?
(27.63%)(349) = (2.763%)(n) Solution:
(27.63%)(349)
=n
2.763%
n = 10(349) = 3,490 To get the number of multiples of a
certain number, use the formula of
3. Simplify:
101! the arithmetic sequence which is an
99!
= a1 + (n – 1)d.
Solution:
The number of multiples of 2 from 60
to 600 can be found as follows:
Using the definition n! = n(n – 1)!,
101! 101 × 100 × 99!
= a1 = 60, an = 600, d = 2
99! 99!
= 101 × 100 = 10,100 an = a1 + (n – 1)d
600 = 60 + (n – 1)(2)
4. If 3n = 90, find the integer closet to n. 540 = 2(n – 1)
270 = n – 1
Solution: n = 271

The number 90 is between 81 = 34 The number of multiples of 3 from 60

and 243 = 35. But 90 seems to be to 600 can be found as follows:
closer than 81 than 243, so n should
be closest to 4. a1 = 60, an = 600, d = 3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
5. Find the largest positive integer n 600 = 60 + (n – 1)(3)
1

such that (n – 18)4036 ≤ 992018. 540 = 3(n – 1)

Page

180 = n – 1

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

n = 181 allby 1 gives 2 and thus, we have 2 ×

2 × 2 = 8 factors.
But there are some numbers that are
divisible by 2 are also divisible by 3. 8. A triangle has area 30 cm2, and two
Those are the numbers divisible by 6. sides are 5 cm and 12 cm long. How
The number of such numbers can be long is the third side?
found as follows:
Solution:
a1 = 60, an = 600, d = 6
bh
an = a1 + (n – 1)d Recall the area of a triangle A =
2
600 = 60 + (n – 1)(6)
where b and h be the base and
540 = 6(n – 1)
height, respectively. Assume that 12
90 = n – 1
cm which is the given be the base of
n = 91
a triangle.
To get the number of elements in bh
either sets (A ∪ B), use the Addition A=
2
12h
Rule formula n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – 30 =
2
n(A ∩ B) where n(A) is the number of 60 = 12h
elements in a set. Let n(A) and n(B) h = 5 cm
be the number of multiples of 2 and
3, respectively. The height of a triangle is found to
be 5 cm, which is already given in
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B) the problem. Since the height and
= 271 + 181 – 91 = 361 base lines are perpendicular, the
triangle in the problem is a right
7. How many factors does the product triangle whose lengths of both of its
of 3 different prime factors have? legs are given.

Solution: To find the third side, use the

Pythagorean Theorem.
Let a, b and c be the different prime
factors, and abc be their product. a2 + b 2 = c2
52 + 122 = c2
To get the number of factors of a 25 + 144 = 169 = c2
number, take first the prime c2 = 13 cm
factorization in exponential form.
Take all exponents of all prime 9. If A = {all prime numbers from 1 and
factors, add all of these by 1 and 100}, B = {2, 4, 6, …, 98, 100}, and C =
multiply all of the results. {3, 6, 9, …, 96, 99}, how many
elements does (A ∪ B) ∩ C have?
2

The exponents of the three different

Page

prime factors are all 1. Adding it

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round
Solution:
Notice that B contains all even
numbers up to 100 and C contains
all multiples of 3 less than 100. A ∪ B
must contain all prime OR even
numbers less than or equal to 100.
Let us look the elements of C. We
identify each of them whether it is
prime or even to include in (A ∪ B) ∩
C. Inspecting them one by one in C,
we have the following results:
11. Sets A and B are subsets of a set
- 3 is prime
- 6 is even
- 9 is neither prime nor even
- 12 is even
- 15 is neither prime nor even
- 18 is even
- …and so on
According to the results, the set (A ∪
B) ∩ C must contain 3 and all
multiples of 6 less than 100. In other
words, (A ∪ B) ∩ C = {3, 6, 12, 18, 24,
…, 90, 96}
From 6 to 96, we have 96 ÷ 6 = 16
elements, adding it by 1 for the
number 3 gives a total of 17
elements in (A ∪ B) ∩ C.
10. Find the perimeter of a regular
hexagon inscribed inside a circle
whose area is 49π cm2.
Solution:
Recall also the area of a circle A =
πr2 to find the radius.
A = πr2
mbalvero
Grade 10
49π = πr2
r2 = 49
r = 7 cm
Note that the regular hexagon
divides into 6 equilateral triangles
that have three equal sides each.
Therefore, the side of an equilateral
triangle has length 7 cm.
Since hexagon has 6 sides, the
perimeter is 6(7) = 42 cm.
having 20 elements. If set A has 13
elements, at least how many
elements should set B have to
guarantee that A and B are not
disjoint?
Solution:
Two sets are disjoint if their
intersection is empty set (Ø). There
should be at least 1 element in
intersection to make them non-
disjoint sets.
To guarantee that there’s always an
intersection between two sets, the
combined sets A and B, which isA∪
B, should have 20 elements.
By letting n(A ∩ B) = 1 and using the
Addition Rule, we can solve for n(B),
the number of elements of set B.
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
20 = 13 + n(B) – 1
20 = 12 + n(B)
n(B) = 8 elements
3
Page
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

12. If the 2nd and 5th elements are -2 and Solution:

7, respectively, find the 101st term.
Solution:
Using the formula for arithmetic
sequence, we can solve as follows.
The sum of terms of an arithmetic
n
sequence is defined as Sn = (2a1 +
2
(n – 1)d). With results obtained in
problem #12 which is a1 = -5, d = 3
and n = 71, we have

If n = 2 and an = -2, n
Sn = (2a1 + (n – 1)d)
an = a1 + (n – 1)d 2
71
-2 = a1 + (2 – 1)d S71 = (2(-5) + (71 – 1)3)
2
-2 = a1 + d eq. 1 71
S71 = (2(-5) + (70)3)
2
71
If n = 5 and an = 7, S71 = (-10 + 210)
2
71
an = a1 + (n – 1)d S71 = (200)
2
7 = a1 + (5 – 1)d S71 = 71(100) = 7,100
7 = a1 + 4d eq. 2
14. Find k such that k – 2, 2k + 2, and 10k
We form a system of equations in 2 + 2 are consecutive terms of a
variables that can be solved for geometric sequence.
them.
Solution:
-2 = a1 + d  eq. 1
-2 – d = a1 If a1, a2, a3 are consecutive terms of
7 = a1 + 4d  eq. 2 a2 a3
a geometric sentence, then = . By
7 = -2 – d + 4d a1 a2

9 = 3d applying this, we have

d=3
2k + 2 10k + 2
a1 = -2 – d  eq. 1 =
a1 = -2 – 3 = -5 k–2 2k + 2
2k + 2 2(5k + 1)
=
k–2 2(k + 1)
Therefore, if n = 101,
2k + 2 5k + 1
an = a1 + (n – 1)d =
a101 = -5 + (101 – 1)3 k–2 k+1
(2k + 2)(k + 1) = (5k + 1)(k – 2)
a101 = -5 + (100)3
2k2 + 4k + 2 = 5k2 – 9k – 2
a101 = -5 + 300 = 295
2k2 – 5k2 + 4k + 9k + 2 + 2 = 0
-3k2 + 13k + 4 = 0
13. Find the sum of the first 71 terms of
3k2 – 13k – 4 = 0
the arithmetic sequence above.
By using quadratic formula
2
4

-b±√b –4ac
x= with a = 3, b = -13 and c
Page

2a
= -4, we have

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

16. The sum of an infinite geometric

2
-b±√b – 4ac sequence have sum 14. If their
k= 196
squares have sum , find the sum of
2a 3
2 their cubes.
-(-13) ± √(-13) – 4(3)(-4)
k=
2(3) Solution:
13 ± √169 + 48 13 ± √217
k= = The sum of infinite geometric
6 6 a
sequence is defined as S = where
1–r
15. Three numbers form an arithmetic |r| < 1.
sequence with common difference
15. If the first is doubled, the second S=
a

is unchanged, and the third is 1–r

a
increased by 21, a geometric 14 =
1–r
sequence is formed. Find the first 14(1 – r) = a
number of the geometric sequence. 14 – 14r = a  eq. 1

Solution: The squares of terms have a2 as its

first term and r2 its ratio.
In arithmetic sequence, if a1 = x, then
a2 = x + 15 and a3 = x + 30. The a1 of 196 a2
=
a geometric sequence is2x, a2 is still x 3 1 –r2
+ 15, and a3 is x + 30 + 21 or x + 51. 196 a a
= ( )( )
Applying the same method as 3 1–r 1+r
problem #14, we have
a
But =14, so use substitution.
1–r
x + 15 x + 51
=
2x x + 15 196 a
(x + 15)(x + 15) = (2x)(x + 51) = 14 ( )
3 1+r
x2 + 30x + 225 = 2x2 + 102x 14 a
x2 – 2x2 + 30x – 102x + 225 = 0 =
3 1+r
-x2 – 72x + 225 = 0 14(1 + r) = 3a
x2 + 72x – 225 = 0 14 + 14r = 3a  eq. 2
(x – 3)(x + 75) = 0
x–3=0 We have a system of equations
x=3 formed. Solving for a and r, we have
x + 75 = 0
14 – 14r = a  eq. 1
The first number in a geometric 14 + 14r = 3a  eq. 2
sequence is 2x. If x = 3, 2x = 2(3) = 6 14 + 14r = 3(14 – 14r)
and if x = -75, 2x = 2(-75) = -150. 14 + 14r = 42 – 42r
5

14r + 42r = 42 – 14
Page

56r = 28

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

28 1
r= = 18. Let r and s be the roots of x2 – 9x + 7
56 2
1 = 0. Find (r + 1)(s + 1).
a = 14 + 14( ) eq. 1
2
a = 14 – 7 = 7
Solution:
Therefore, the sum of the cubes is
Sum of roots: r + s =-(-9) = 9
a3 Product of roots: rs = 7
S=
1 – r3 (r + 1)(s + 1)
3
7 = rs + r + s + 1
S= = 7 + (-9) + 1 = -1
1 3
1 –( )
2
343 343
S= 1= 7
19. If P(x + 2) = 3x2 + 5x + 4, find P(x).
1–
8 8
8
S =343 ( ) = 392 Solution:
7

17. A sequence {an} has two terms a1 = 3 To get P(x), take the inverse of x + 2
and a2 = 2. For every n ≥ 3, an is the to “undo” the expression and
sum of all the preceding terms of the change to x. The inverse of x + 2 is x –
sequence. Find a12. 2.

Solution: Replacing all x to x – 2, we have

Using the rule stated in the problem, P(x + 2) = 3x2 + 5x + 4

we have the terms obtained below: P((x – 2) + 2) = 3(x – 2)2 + 5(x – 2) + 4
P(x – 2 + 2) = 3(x2 – 4x + 4) + 5(x – 2) +
a1 = 3 4
a2 = 2 P(x) = 3x2 – 12x + 12 + 5x – 10 + 4
a3 = 3 + 2 = 5 P(x) = 3x2 – 7x + 6
a4 = 3 + 2 + 5 = 10
a5 = 3 + 2 + 5 + 10 = 20 20. Find the remainder if P(x) = 27x3 +
a6 = 3 + 2 + 5 + 10 + 20 = 40 81x2 + 5x + 20 is divided by x + 3.
…and so on
Solution:
Notice that the terms starting a3form
a geometric sequence. The We use the Remainder Theorem to
common ratio is 2, the first term a3 = find the remainder by finding P(c) if
5 so a12 should be the 10th term (n = P(x) is divided by x – c. Thus we find
10). Therefore, P(-3) for this problem because of the
divisor x – (-3).
a12 = 5(2)10 – 1 = 5(2)9
6

a12= 5(512) = 2,560 P(-3) = 27(-3)3 + 81(-3)2 + 5(-3) + 20

Page

= 27(-27) + 81(9) + 5(-3) + 20

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

= -729 + 729 – 15 + 20 = 5 23. Find the largest real root of 2x3 – 5x2 –
2x + 2 = 0.
21. Find the quotient of the quotient
when p(x) = 6x4 – 8x3 + x2 + 9x + 7 is Solution:
2
divided by x + .
3
We use Rational Roots Theorem to
find all possible rational roots of a
Solution:
polynomial equation. Let p be the
factor of a constant term, q be the
Using synthetic division, we have
factor of a leading coefficient (the
p
2 term with the highest power) and
- 6 -8 1 9 7 q
3
be the possible rational root.
-4 8 6 10
Applying this, we have
6 -12 9 15 17
p = factors of 2 = ±1, ±2
The quotient is 6x3 – 12x2 + 9x + 15
q = factors of 2 = ±1, ±2
and hence, its constant term is 15. p 1
= ± , ±1, ±2
q 2
22. Find the constant k if x + 3 is a factor
p
of f(x) = 2x4 + 8x3 + (k2+ 1)x2 + kx + Testing somepossible values of , we
q
15. 1
have as a root because
2
Solution:
1
2 -5 -2 2
2
Since x + 3 is a factor of f(x), f(-3) = 0 1 -2 -2
by Remainder Theorem. With x = -3 2 -4 -4 0
and f(-3) = 0, we have
We have depressed equation 2x2 –
f(x) = +2x4 +8x3– (k2
+ kx + 15 1)x2 4x – 4 = 0 which is equivalent to x2 –
0 = 2(-3) + 8(-3) + (k + 1)(-3)2 + k(-3)
4 3 2
2x – 2 = 0. Solving it by quadratic
+ 15 formula, we have
0 = 2(81) + 8(-27) + 9(k2 + 1) + k(-3) +
15 2
0 = 162 – 216 + 9k2 + 9 – 3k + 15 -b±√b – 4ac
x=
0 = 9k2 – 3k – 30 2a
0 = 3k2 – k – 10 2
-(-2) ± √(-2) – 4(1)(-2)
0 = (k + 3)(3k – 10) x=
0=k+3 2(1)
k = -3 2 ± √4 + 8 2 ± √12
x= =
0 = 3k – 10 2(1) 2
10 = 3k 2 + 2√3 2 – 2√3
10 x= ,
7

k= 2 2
Page

3
x = 1 + 1√3, 1 – 1√3

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

The roots of 2x3 – 5x2 – 2x + 2 = 0 are 25. The midpoint of P(1, 2) and A is Q;
1
, 1 + 1√3 and 1 – 1√3. The value of the midpoint of P and C is S; the
2
midpoint of Q and S is R(5, 1.5). Find
the root1 + 1√3 is greater than 1,
1 the coordinates of B, the midpoint of
which is greater than the other root . A and C.
2
Therefore, the largest root is 1 + 1√3.
Solution:
24. If p(x) is a 3rd
degree polynomial,
5
p ( ) = p(4) = p(-5) = 0, and p(0) = - The midpoint of two points (x1, y1)
3 x1 + x2 y1 + y2
200, find p(2). and (x2, y2) is defined as ( , ).
2 2
This is known as Midpoint Formula.
Solution:
Let (a, b) be the coordinates of Q. If
If p(c) = 0, then we can say that c is the midpoint of P(1, 2) and A(x A, yA)
a zero of p(x) and x – c is a factor of is Q(a, b), then A can be computed
p(x). as follows.

5 xP + xA yP + yA
In the problem above, we say that , ( , ) = (xQ, yQ)
3 2 2
4 and -5 are all zeros of p(x), and 1 + x A 2 + yA
( , ) = (a, b)
5 2 2
p(x)= a (x – ) (x – 4)(x + 5) where a is (1 + xA, 2 + yA) = (2a, 2b)
3
the constant. With x = 0 and p(x) = - (xA, yA) = (2a – 1, 2b – 2)
200, we can solve for a.
The midpoint of Q(a, b) and S(xS, yS)
5 is R(5, 1.5). S is computed as follows.
p(x)= a (x – ) (x – 4)(x + 5)
3
5 xQ + xS yQ + yS
-200 = a (0 – ) (0 – 4)(0 + 5) ( , ) = (xR, yR)
2 2
3 a + x S b + yS
5 ( , ) = (5, 1.5)
-200 = a (- ) (-4)(5) 2 2
3 (a + xS, b + yS) = (10, 3)
100
-200 = a (xS, yS) = (10 – a, 3 – b)
3
-600 = 100a
a = -6 The midpoint of P(1, 2) and C(xC, yC)
is S(10 – a, 3 – b). C is computed as
Thus, follows.
5
p(x)= -6 (x – ) (x – 4)(x + 5) xP + xC yP + yC
3 ( , ) = (xS, yS)
2 2
5 1 + xC 2 + yC
p(2)= -6 (2 – ) (2 – 4)(2 + 5) ( , ) = (10 – a, 3 – b)
3 2 2
1 (1 + xC, 2 + yC) = (20 – 2a, 6 – 2b)
p(2)= -6 ( ) (-3)(7)
8

3 (xC, yC) = (19 – 2a, 4 – 2b)

Page

p(2) = -6(-1)(7) = 42

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

Finally, the midpoint of A(2a – 1, 2b – Midpoint Formula, the center has an

2) and C(19 – 2a, 4 – 2b) is B that we order pair of
are looking for.
x 1 + x 2 y1 + y 2
( , )
(
xA + xC yA + yC
, ) = (xB, yB) 2 2
2 2 -2 + 4 10 + 2
2a – 1 + 19 – 2a 2b – 2 + 4 – 2b =( , )
=( , ) 2
2 12
2
2 2
18 2 =( , )
=( , ) 2 2
2 2 = (1, 6)
= (9, 1)
To compute for the radius, find the
26. Find the radius of the circle with distance between the center and
equation x2 + y2 + 4x – 3y + 5 = 0. either of the points (-2, 10) or (4, 2) by
using Distance Formula d =
Solution:
√(x2 – x1 )2 + (y2 – y1 )2 . We use the
The equation of the circle in center- center and (4, 2) for our purpose.
radius form is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
where (h, k) be the coordinates of
2 2
the center and r the length of the d = √(x2 – x1 ) + (y2 – y1 )
radius.
2 2
r = √(4 – (-2)) + (2 – 10)
Rewrite the given equation into
2 2 2 2
center-radius form. r = √(4 + 2) + (2 – 10) = √6 + (-8)
r = √36+ 64 = √100
x2 + y2 + 4x – 3y + 5 = 0 r = 10
x2 + 4x + y2 – 3y = -5
9 9
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 3y + = -5 + 4 + Using the center and (-2, 10) yields
4 4 also the same result which is r = 10.
2 2
3 5 √5 Therefore, the equation of the circle
(x + 2)2 + (y – ) = = ( )
2 4 2 is (x – 1)2 + (y – 6)2 = 102 or (x – 1)2 +
The radius is
√5
. (y – 6)2 = 100 in center-radius form.
2

28. The center of a circle is on the x-axis.

27. Give the equation (in center-radius
form) of the circle having as a
diameter the segment with endpoints
(-2, 10) and (4, 2).
Solution:
The endpoints of the diameter have
If the circle passes through (0, 5) and
(6, 4), find the coordinates of its
center.
Solution:
Since the center lies on x-axis, the
coordinates must be (x, 0). We know
9

given coordinates, so their midpoint

Page

that the distance between the

is the center of the circle. Using

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

adjacent 5
center and any point on a circle is its CAH cos θ = =
hypotenuse 7
radius. So, the coordinate (0, 5) has
the same distance from the center
To get the opposite side of a right
(x, 0) as (6, 4).
triangle, we use Pythagorean
Theorem.
Recall also the distance formula d =
√(x2 – x1 )2 + (y2 – y1 )2 which is the (opposite)2 + (adjacent)2 =
(hypotenuse)2
distance between two points.
(opp)2 + 52 = 72
(opp)2 + 25 = 49
Distance between (x, 0) and (0, 5) =
Distance between (x, 0) and (6, 4) (opp)2 = 24 opp = √24=2√6

√(0 – x)2 + (5 – 0)2 = √(6 – x)2 + (4 – 0)2 To find tan θ, use again the memory
(-x)2 + 52 = (6 – x)2 + 42 aid above.
x2 + 25 = 36 – 12x + x2 + 16 opposite
25 = 52 – 12x TOA  tan θ =
adjacent
-12x = -27
-27 9
x= = Therefore, tan θ =
2√6
.
-12 4
5

Therefore, the center has 30. In ΔABC, BC = 6, CA = 7, and AB = 8.

9
coordinates ( , 0). Find
sin B+ sin C
.
4
sin A

29. If θ is an angle in a triangle, and sec Solution:

7
θ = , find tan θ.
5
In solving triangles (sides and
Solution: angles), use the formula for Law of
Sines.
By using trigonometric identity sec θ
=
1
, we have BC AC AB
cos θ = =
sin A sin B sin C
1 7
sec θ = = Substituting the given values, we
cos θ 5
5 = 7 cos θ have
5
cos θ =
7 6 7 8
= =
sin A sin B sin C
Recall the memory aid SOH-CAH-
TOA that is used to remember the
To make ratios equal, we assign the
ratios of sine, cosine and tangent of
values of sin A, sin B and sin C. To
10

a certain angle. Since we have cos 1

reduce all 3 fractions to (where n ≠
θ, we use CAH.
Page

n
0) for our simplification purposes, we

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

assign sin A = 6n, sin B = 7n and sin C

= 8n.

sin B+ sin C
Substituting the values into , Solution:
sin A
we have

7n + 8n 15n 5
= =
6n 6n 2

31. In ΔABC, AB = 3, AC = 2√3, and ∠A =

30°. Find BC.

Solution:
Use the formula (TP)(TQ) = (TR)(TS) for
two intersecting chords.

Since RS bisects PQ at T, TP = TQ.

Substituting the given values, we

have

(TP)(TP) = (3)(6)
Notice that ∠A is between AB and
TP2 = 18
AC, so we use Law of Cosines.
TP = √18 = 3√2 = TQ
BC2 = AB2 + AC2 – 2(AB)(AC)cos A
Note that TP + TQ = PQ. Therefore,
Substituting the given values, we PQ = 3√2+ 3√2= 6√2
have
See the figure above.
BC2 = 32 + (2√3)2 – 2(3)(2√3)cos 30°
√3
33. Rectangle ABCD is inscribed in a
BC2 = 32 + (2√3)2 – 2(3)(2√3)( ) circle, BC = 2√3, and CD = 2. A point
2
BC2 = 9 + 12 – 6(3) P is chosen on arc AB. Find ∠APB.
BC2 = 9 + 12 – 18 = 3
BC = √3 Solution:

32. In a circle, chord PQ is bisected by

chord RS at T. If RT = 3 and ST = 6, find
PQ.
11
Page

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

Showing the figure above, we have

a right triangle BCD with right angle If AB = AE, then their intercepted arc
C. To get the degree measure of AB and arc AE are equal.
∠BDC, we use tangent function with
opposite side BC. Thus, we have tan The measure of an inscribed angle is
opposite 2√3
θ= = = √3. Solving for θ, θ one-half of its intercepted arc. If
adjacent 2
∠BAE = 96°, then the major arc BCE =
= ∠BDC = 60°.
2(96) = 192°. Remember that the
degree measure of a whole circle is
If ∠BDC = 60°, ∠BDA must be 30°
360°. Therefore, if arc BCE = 192°,
because ∠BDC and ∠BDA are
then arc BAE = 360 – 192 = 168°.
complementary angles.
But arc BAE = arc AB + arc AE and
Notice that APBD is an inscribed
arc AB = arc AE. Therefore, arc AB =
quadrilateral whose opposite angles
168 ÷ 2 = 84°.
are supplementary. Therefore, the
sum of ∠BDA and ∠APB is 180°.
The intercept of ∠BDA is arc AB and
hence, ∠BDA = 84 ÷ 2 = 42°.
If ∠BDA =30°, therefore, ∠APB should
be 150°.
35. A line through a point A outside a
circle is tangent to the circle at D.
34. Pentagon ABCDE is inscribed in a
Another line through A intersects the
circle, BC = CD = DE, and AB = AE. If
circle at points B (closer to A) and C.
∠BAE = 96°, find ∠BDA.
If BC/AB = 2 and AD = 6, find AC.
Solution:
Solution:
12
Page

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

In two intersecting chords, the arc

If a tangent and a secant lines are
drawn to a circle with their common
point outside the circle, then we use
the formula AD2 = (AB)(AC) in this
case.
The ratio of BC to AB is 2, so BC = 2x
and AB = x for some number x. Note
that AC = AB + BC.
Substituting into the formula, we
have
AC and arc BD are the intercepts of
the vertical angles ∠AEC and ∠BED,
respectively, and ∠AEC = ∠BED =
1
(arc AC + arc BD). Therefore, ∠AEC
2
1 1
= (120 + 20) = (140) = 70°.
2 2
37. Find the area (in square units) of the
region between two concentric
circles if a chord of the larger circle
which is tangent to the smaller circle
has length 7.

AD2 = (AB)(AC) Solution:

AD2 = (AB)(AB + BC)
62 = x(x + 2x)
36 = x(3x)
36 = 3x2
12 = x2
x = √12 = 2√3
AB = 2√3
BC = 2(2√3) = 4√3

Therefore, 2√3 + 4√3 = 6√3

36. In a circle, chords AB and CD

intersect at E. If arc AC = 120° and
Draw the radius of the smaller circle
arc BD = 20°, find ∠AEC.
that is perpendicular to the chord
13

and draw the radius of the larger

Solution:
circle that meets one of the
Page

endpoints of a chord. We formed a

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

right triangle with these two radii and relation a2 + b2 ??c2 such that ??
a chord with half of its length (which, can be replaced with > which is an
7
in the given, is ). obtuse triangle, < an acute triangle
2
and = a right triangle. The longest
Let x be the radius of the smaller side should be the value of c which
is 12.
circle. Using Pythagorean Theorem,
we can find the radius of the larger
a2 + b2 ?? c2
circle which is the hypotenuse.
(3√7)2 + 92 ?? 122
a 2 + b 2 = c2 63 + 81 ?? 144
7 2 144 = 144
( ) + x 2 = c2
2
49 Since 144 = 144, the inscribed
+ x 2 = c2
4
triangle is a right triangle. The
49
c = √ + x2 hypotenuse is the diameter of the
4
circle which has the length 12.
Recall the area of the circle A = πr2.
The radius of the circle is 6 which
The area of a smaller circle (with r =
gives the area of a circle of π(6)2 =
x) is πx2 while the area of the larger
36 square units.
49
circle (with r =√ + x2) is
4
2
39. In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is
49 49 inscribed in a circle. Lines AB and CD
π(√ + x2) = π( + x2)
4 4 intersect at P, while lines AD and BC
To get the area of the said region, intersect at Q. If ∠APD = 50° and
subtract the two areas. ∠AQB = 34°, find ∠PAQ.

Area = (area of larger circle) – (area

of the smaller circle)
49
= π( + x2) – πx2
4
49
= π( +x2 –x2 )
4
49 49
= π( ) = π square units
4 4

38. A triangle having sides 3√7, 9, and

12 units is inscribed in a circle. Find
the circumference of the circle.

Solution:
14

Solution:
To determine what kind of triangle
Page

given its side lengths, we use the

Let x be the measure of ∠PAQ

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round
Notice that ΔBAQ and ΔDAP are
seen in the figure. The sum of the
interior angles of a triangle is 180°. In
ΔBAQ, ∠BQA = 34° and ∠BAQ = x.
∠QBA should be 180 – 34 – x = 146 –
x.
On the other hand, the ΔDAP has
measures ∠DPA = 50° and ∠DAP = x.
PDA should be 180 – 50 – x = 130 – x.
Take note that ABCD is inscribed in a
circle. ∠CBA and ∠CDA are
supplementary angles. ∠CBA =
∠QBA and ∠CDA = ∠PDA.
∠QBA + ∠PDA = 180
(146 – x) + (130 – x) = 180
276 – 2x = 180
-2x = -96
x = ∠PAQ = 48°
40. How many books (all different) are
there if there are 5,040 ways of
arranging them in a shelf?
42. In how many ways can a
Solution:
If a set of n objects are arranged,
the number of ways in arranging
them is n!. By trial and error method,
we have 7 different books because
7! = 5,040.
41. Lila and Dolf each counted the
number of three-digit positive
integers that can be formed using
the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Lila
assumed a digit to be repeated,
while Dolf assumed no digit can be
repeated. If they counted correctly,
mbalvero
Grade 10
what is the difference of their
answers?
Solution:
Lila counts the 3-digit numbers
whose any digit can be repeated.
The hundreds digit can have 5
possible digits, the tens has also 5
and ones has 5 which give 5 × 5 × 5
= 125 such numbers.
Dolf counts also 3-digit numbers but
no digit id repeated. Here, there are
5 possible digits for hundreds digit.
Since no digit will be repeated, there
must be 4 possible digits in tens digit
because one digit is used. Ones digit
should have 3 possible digits
because 2 digits are used. There
should be 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 such
numbers for Dolf.
Hence, the difference of their
answers is 125 – 60 = 65.
photographer arrange 7 students for
a club picture if Ana, Carol and Iris
must always be together, but Rey
and Ruel should not beside each
other?
Solution:
Since Ana, Carol and Iris should be
together in a picture, they will count
as a single unit. There are now 5 units
instead of 7. And since Rey and Ruel
refused to be together, they should
have at least 1 unit between them.
15
Page
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

Here are possible positions for Rey (X) This means that 3 members belong
and Ruel (Y): to City A while another 3 belong to
City B.
X __ Y __ __
X __ __ Y __ Solving the number ways for each
X __ __ __ Y city using Combination formula C(n,
n!
__ X __ Y __ r) = , we have
r!(n – r)!
__ X __ __Y
__ __ X __ Y
City A: n = 7, r = 3
There are 6 possible positions for Rey 7!
and Ruel. The single unit of three girls C(7, 3) =
3!(7 – 3)!
(Ana, Carol and Iris) can be placed =
(7)(6)(5)(4!)
6(4!)
in any of the blanks in each position.
= (7)(5) = 35
The remaining two students can be
arranged freely.
City B: n = 9, r = 3
9!
We have C(9, 3) =
3!(9 – 3)!
- 6 positions for Rey and Ruel, =
(9)(8)(7)(6!)
6(6!)
- 2! = 2 ways to arrange Rey and
Ruel their positions, = (3)(4)(7) = 84
- 3! = 6 arrangements for the 3 units
(a single unit of three girls and Since two cities are independent,
other two students), and multiply the number of ways from
- 3! = 6 ways to arrange Ana, Carol both cities. Hence, (35)(84) = 2,940.
and Iris their positions in a single
unit. 44. How many 5-member committees
with more City A than City B
Therefore, the number of ways (or members can be formed?
possible club pictures) is (6)(2)(6)(6) =
432. Solution:

Since there are more members from

For Problems 43 and 44: City A from City B, we have multiple
A committee is to be formed from 7 cases to deal with. Here are those
City A residents and 9 City B residents. cases:

43. How many 6-member committees - Case 1: 3 from City A, 2 from City
with 3 members from each city can B
be formed? - Case 2: 4 from City A, 1 from City
B
Solution: - Case 3: 5 from City A
16
Page

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

Solving for the 3 cases in the same formula with n = 25 and r = 2, we

manner as the previous one, we have
have the following solutions below.
25!
C(25, 2) =
2!(25 – 2)!
Case 1: 3 from City A, 2 from City B (25)(24)(23!)
7! 9! =
C(7, 3) C(9, 2) = × 2(23!)
3!(7 – 3)! 2!(9 – 2)!
(7)(6)(5)(4!) (9)(8)(7!) = (25)(12) = 300 ways
= ×
6(4!) 2(7!)
= (7)(5) × (9)(4) = 1,260 From 1 to 25, there are 3 multiples of
7 (7, 14, 21) and also 3 multiples of 8
Case 2: 4 from City A, 1 from City B (8, 16, 24). Using counting principle,
7! 9!
C(7, 4) C(9, 1) = × there are 3 × 3 = 9 ways to pick such
4!(7 – 4)! 1!(9 – 1)!
(7)(6)(5)(4)(3!) (9)(8!) pair of slips.
= ×
24(3!) 1(8!)
9 3
= (7)(5) × 9 = 315 Hence, the probability is = or
300 100
3%.
Case 1: 5 from City A
7!
C(7, 5) = 46. If three slips are picked at the same
5!(7 – 5)!
=
(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2!) time from the box, find the
120(2!) probability that the sum of the
= (7)(3) = 21 numbers is odd.

Adding all 3 cases, we have 1,260 +

315 + 21 = 1,596 such committees. Solution:

For Problems 45 and 46: Using Combination formula again,

The numbers 1, 2, …, 25 are written we’re going to find the number of
on slips of paper which are placed in ways to pick 3 slips at the same time.
a box. With n = 25 and r = 3, we have

25!
C(25, 3) =
45. If two slips are picked at the same 3!(25 – 3)!
(25)(24)(23)(22!)
time from the box, find the =
6(22!)
probability that one number is a = (25)(4)(23) = 2,300 ways
multiple of 7 and the other is a
multiple by 8. One way to express an odd number
is the sum of 3 odd numbers (ex. 3 +
Solution: 5 + 7 = 15). An odd number can also
be the sum of one odd and two
First, we’re going to find the number even numbers(ex. 2 + 4 + 5 = 11).
17

of ways to pick 2 slips of paper at the We have two cases to express an

same time. Using Combination odd number as a sum.
Page

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

Case 1: Three numbers are odd.

Notice that from 1 to 25, 13 numbers 48. In a class of Grade 10 students, the
are odd (1, 3, 5, …, 25). The number probability that a random chosen
of ways to pick 3 numbers from 13 student likes dogs is 0.72, that a
odd numbers is student likes cats is 0.54, and a
13!
C(13, 3) = student likes neither is 0.11. Find the
3!(13 – 3)!
(13)(12)(11)(10!) probability that a student likes both
= cats and dogs.
6(10!)
= (13)(2)(11) = 286
Solution:
Case 2: An odd number and two
even numbers Let D be the students who likes dogs,
Again, there are 13 odd numbers. 12 P(D) = 0.54, while C are those who
numbers are even (2, 4, 6, …, 24). We like cats, P(C) = 0.72.
can find the number of ways to pick
such numbers. Since they are If D ∪ C are those who like dogs or
independent, we multiply the two cats, (D ∪ C)C don’t (maybe they like
numbers. other animals). If P((D ∪ C)C) = 0.11,
then P(D ∪ C) = 1 – 0.11 = 0.89.
13! 12!
C(13, 1) C(12, 2) = ×
1!(13 – 1)! 2!(12 – 2)!
(13)(12!) (12)(11)(10!) Using the Addition Rule with two non-
= × mutually exclusive events (events
1(12!) 2(10!)
= 13 × (6)(11) = 858 that have intersection), we can solve
for P(D ∩ C) where D ∩ C likes both
Adding both cases we have 286 + cats and dogs.
858 = 1,144 and therefore, the
probability is
1,144 286
= . P(D ∪ C) = P(D) + P(C) – P(D ∩ C)
2,300 575
0.89 = 0.72 + 0.54 – P(D ∩ C)
0.89 = 1.26 – P(D ∩ C)
47. Two fair dice are rolled. Find the
-P(D ∩ C) = -0.37
probability that one die is 2 while the
P(D ∩ C) = 0.37
other is a prime number.
49. In a company, the men who do not
Solution:
wear glasses are thrice as many as
the men who do, while the women
There are only 5 possible outcomes
who do not wear glasses are ten
for the event namely (2, 2), (2, 3), (3,
more than the women who do. The
2), (2, 5) and (5, 2).
probability that an employee wears
3
Note there are 6 × 6 = 36 total glasses is . If a selected employee
10
outcomes for rolling a pair of dice. wears glasses, the probability that
18

2
the employee is a woman is . How
5 3
Page

Hence, the probability is .

36

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

many are the employees of the

company? F 2
=
M+F 3
Solution: 3F = 2(M + F)
3F = 2M + 2F
Let M and F be the number of male F = 2M eq. 2
and female employees, both
wearing glasses, respectively. The We have formed a system of
table below shows the number of equations in 2 variables. To solve for
employees in a company. M and F, substitute the second
equation into first one.
With Without Total
glasses glasses 2M – 4F = -30  eq. 1
Male M 3M 4M F = 2M  eq. 2
Female F F + 10 2F + 10 2M – 4(2M) = -30
Total M+F 3M + F + 4M + 2F 2M – 8M = -30
10 + 10 -6M = -30
M=5
The total number of employees in a F = 2(5) = 10
company seems to be 4M + 2F + 10.
Out of them, M + F wears glasses. As said earlier, the total number of
Thus, the probability that an employees is 4M + 2F + 10. Therefore,
employee wears glasses is the number of employees is 4(5) +
M+F 3 2(10) + 10 = 20 + 20 + 10 = 50.
which is equivalent to .
4M + 2F + 10 10
M+F 3
Therefore, we have = as 50. The number of ways of selecting 6
4M + 2F + 10 10
the first equation. Simplifying this, we objects from n distinct objects is the
have same as the number of ways of
selecting and arranging 3 objects
M+F 3 from n distinct objects. Find n.
=
4M + 2F + 10 10
10(M + F) = 3(4M + 2F + 10) Solution:
10M + 10F = 12M + 6F + 30
-2M + 4F = 30 The keyword “selecting”means we
2M – 4F = -30 eq. 1 use combination while “selecting
and arranging” means we use
There are M + F employees who permutation. We have the following
wear glasses, and F of them are working equation and its solution
F
women. Thus, the probability is below.
M+F
2
which is also . Therefore, we have C(n, 6) = P(n, 3)
19

3
F 2
= as the second equation and n! n!
=
Page

M+F 3
this can be simplified as 6!(n – 6)! (n – 3)!

mbalvero
MMC 2010 Elimination Round Grade 10

n!(n – 3)! = 720n!(n – 6)!

n!(n – 3)(n – 4)(n – 5)(n – 6)! = 720n!(n
– 6)!
(n – 3)(n – 4)(n – 5) = 720
n3 – 12n2 + 47n – 60 = 720
n3 – 12n2 + 47n – 780 = 0
(n – 13)(n2 + n + 60) = 0
n – 13 = 0
n = 13

20
Page

mbalvero