EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL (mathematical equations satisfying the model)

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Diagram of equivalent model:-

THIS MODEL IS BREIFLY DESCRIBED BELOW IN STEPS

Modeling of state of charge:-

State of charge is denoted as z(t) and formula is given by

1 𝑡
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑧(0) − ∫ 𝑖(𝜏)𝑑𝜏
𝑄 𝑡0

Here Q= total capacity of the cell ( in Ah or mAh)

The sign for current is opposite for discharging.

 Note that for estimation purpose for estimating parameters like (SOC, OVC ,
Q) requires the conversion of continuous time equations into discrete
domain.

Discrete domain equation for State of charge ( z(t) , z(k) )

For parameter estimation methods we assume that in discrete time current is constant over sampling
interval delta (t).

∆𝑡
𝑧(𝑘 + 1) = 𝑧(𝑘) − × 𝑖(𝑘)
𝑄

POLARIZATION EFFECT IN CELLS

Polarization refers to any departure of the cell’s terminal voltage away from OCV due to a passage of
current

For example, cell’s voltage drops when it is under load

 Polarization effect due to R0:- This can be modeled, in
part, as a resistance in series with the ideal voltage source

𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑂𝐶𝑉(𝑍(𝑇)) − 𝑖(𝑡). 𝑅0

Diffusion voltages
Diffusion voltages can be closely approximated in a circuit using one or more parallel resistor-capacitor
sub-circuits

𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑂𝐶𝑉(𝑍(𝑇)) − 𝑉𝐶1 (𝑡) − 𝑖0 . 𝑅0

As
𝑑
𝐼𝑐(𝑡)= 𝐶 × 𝑑𝑡 𝑣𝑐1 (𝑡) (current passing through capacitor C1) equation(a)

Note that recognize that current through R1 plus the current through C1 must equal to i(t)

𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑖𝑟1 (𝑡) × 𝑖𝑐1 (𝑡)

And
 𝑣𝑐1 (𝑡) = 𝑅1 ∗ 𝐼𝑟1 (𝑡)

Putting Vc1(t) into equation a, transforms into

𝑑
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑖𝑟1 (𝑡) + 𝑅1 𝐶1 ∗ 𝑖 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑟1