Fruit in plants can generally be divided into two groups, namely:

1. Pseudo fruit or closed fruit, that is, fruit is formed from the fruit will be along with other parts of the
flower, which slowly becomes the main part of this fruit, while the real fruit is sometimes hidden.
Pseudo fruit can be divided into:
1. A single pseudo fruit, ie the fruit occurs from one flower with one ovary. Example : ciplukan fruit
2. Double pseudo fruit, if at one flower there is more than one fruit that is free from each other.
Example : arbe fruit (Fragraria vesca L.) (Fragraria vesca L.)
3. Compound pseudo fruit, is a pseudo fruit that occurs from compound interest, but all from the
outside it looks like just one fruit. Example : jackfruit (Artocarpus integra Merr.)
2. Really fruit or naked fruit, which only occurs from the ovary, and if there are other parts of the flower
that still remain this part is not a significant part of the fruit (Tjitrosoepomo, 2003: 222).
True fruit has 3 groups, namely (Rosanti, 2003: 105-112)
1. A single true fruit, is the true fruit that occurs from one flower with only one fruit. Example : Mango
(Mangifera indica L.)
2. A double true fruit, occurs from one flower with several fruits which are free from each other, and
each ovary becomes one fruit. Example : cempaka (Michelia champaka Bail.).
3. Compound true fruit, namely fruit derived from a compound interest. Example : (Pandanus tectorius
Sol.)

Seed types are divided into two based on the seed coat (Tjitrosoepomo, 2003: 244-247 )
1. Angiospermae
consists of two layers, namely:
a. Outer layer of skin (testa)
b. Inner Skin Layer (tegmen)
2. Gymnospermae
Consist of three layers:
1. Outer skin (sarcotesta)
2. Middle skin (sclerotesta)
3. Endotesta

germination can be divided into 2, namely (Tjitrosoepomo, 2003: 251-252):

a. Epigeal germination, is a germination which causes the cotyledons to rise above the ground. The stem
section under the leaf of the institution (hypocotyl) will grow straight to remove cotyledons and
epicotiles. Thus epicotyl and cotyledons are raised above the soil surface. Epikotil raises its first leaf.
While the cotyledons will wither and fall out because the food reserves have been exhausted by the
germinating embryo. For example, germination of green beans and peanuts.
b. Hypogeal germination, which is germination which results in the cotyledons remaining embedded
below. Epicotile growth extends so that the plumula comes out through the seed coat and appears
above the surface, while the cotyledons are left in the soil. An example is germination of peas and corn
beans.

1. Cocos nucifera
coconut fruit is composed of smooth and hard fruit skin (epicarp), mesocrap from fiber and containing,
seed coat (endocrap) or a black shell or shell hard, seed flesh (endosperm) which is white(PTPN VII
(2006), Endosperm is a liquid containing many enzymes ( Suhardiman,1996).

2. Strawberry
The strawberry fruit that we know is actually a pseudo fruit, not a real fruit in fact. The real fruit is small
seeds white called achen. Achen comes from female sex cells which has been pollinated and then
develops into dwarf fruit. Achen attach to the enlarged receptacle surface. (setiani, 2007)

3. Citrus
Citrus fruit consists of outer skin (albedo), inner skin (flavedo), fruit segment (endocarp), which consists
of small bubbles filled with liquid and wrapped by segmen. (Cahyono, 2005).

4. pineapple
Pineapple fruit is a compound fruit formed from combined 100-200 flowers (Collins (1960) Sorosis
The end of the fruit usually grows a single crown bud, but there are also shoots that grow more than
one are commonly called multiple crowns (double crown). (Sari, 2002

5. Cucumber
cucumber fruit is a single true fruit, occurs from one flower consisting of only one fruit. (Imdad and
Nawangsih, 2001). Fruit is hanging (Rubatzky and Yamaguchi, 1997). The fruit is generally in the form of
buni fruit, rarely like the fruits of control (Tjitrosoepomo, 2002)

6. Apple
The apple itself is divided into 15 parts, starting from the fruit skin until the seeds. The fifteenth part
includes fruit skin, fruit flesh, seeds, pistil, stamens, petals, grooves, and fruit stalks. However, each
cultivar is of course have a difference. Striking differences can generally be seen in the shape of the fruit,
stamens, seeds and grooves at the end of the fruit (Untung, 1994).

7. Melinjo
consists of three layers of skin, namely: sarcotesta, sclerotesta, and endotesta.