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Optical Transport Networking
Published by
Ciena
7035 Ridge Rd.
Hanover, MD 21076
Trademarks: Ciena, all Ciena logos, and other associated marks and logos
are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Ciena Corporation both
within and outside the United States of America, and may not be used
without written permission.
Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include
the following:
Source Material:
Barbara DePompa
Editor:
Kim Lindros
Contents
Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 6
What’s Driving the Adoption of OTN? ......................................................... 6
Network Modernization ............................................................................... 6
Challenges Driving Utility Sector Modernization ........................................ 7
Understanding OTN....................................................................................... 8
Advantages for Utilities ................................................................................. 8
Embracing OTN.............................................................................................. 8
Introduction: OTN Fundamentals .............................................................. 12
Advantages of OTN .................................................................................... 12
What’s Driving the Adoption of OTN? ....................................................... 12
Competitive Advantages of OTN .............................................................. 13
Introduction: OTN Fundamentals .............................................................. 13
What Makes OTN Essential? ...................................................................... 15
Key OTN Benefits ........................................................................................ 16
Key Drivers in the Transition to OTN ........................................................ 18
OTN as the Successor to SONET and SDH ............................................. 20
OTN Values .................................................................................................. 20
OTN Architecture ........................................................................................ 21
OTN Bit Rates .............................................................................................. 24
OTN Multiplexing Hierarchy ...................................................................... 25
Forward Error Correction (FEC) .................................................................. 25
OTN Network Fit ......................................................................................... 27
Transforming Network Economics with OTN ............................................ 27
Control Plane Compatibility and Features ................................................ 32
OTN Market Acceptance ............................................................................ 36
Use Cases ..................................................................................................... 37
Use Case 1: Bandwidth Grooming ............................................................. 37
Use Case 2: Network Path Optimization ................................................... 37
Use Case 3: Core Router Offload ............................................................... 38
Real-world OTN Selection Case ................................................................. 38
Conclusion ................................................................................................... 39
Why Ciena? .................................................................................................. 40
OTN Glossary of Acronyms ........................................................................ 42
5
Executive Summary
Network Modernization
6
architectural flexibility preserves existing investments in legacy transport
while providing SONET/SDH access to 100 Gb/s lines and beyond.
7
The modern network architectural choices typically boil down to IP/
MPLS technology or Packet-optical technology, the latter based on the
combination of DWDM, OTN and Carrier Ethernet. IP/MPLS is usually
well-known and often favored by the IT side of the house, which is
already familiar with this technology, and the Packet-optical alternative
is often preferred by the OT, or operational side of the house where its
low latency, deterministic performance is a key benefit and fits well with
familiar operational methods.
Understanding OTN
OTN is the underlying transport technology for multi-service
packet-optical networks. It comprises of a set of ITU-T
recommendations standardizing interfaces and rates for
high bandwidth optical clients. OTN creates a framework for
consistent wavelength multiplexing, providing a robust and
manageable transport infrastructure that scales well beyond 100
Gbps. Structurally, OTN utilizes a digital wrapper, a multiplexing
hierarchy, and comprehensive layered instrumentation, to deliver
mapping, muxing and switching that can simplify the process of
end-to-end circuit provisioning and improve transport capacity
management.
8
payloads. OTN is a flexible and future-proof network architecture,
and its backwards compatibility allows utilities to migrate operations
smoothly and at their own pace, thereby reducing technology risk. Lower
OPEX stems from the familiarity of operational methods with SONET
processes, while lower CAPEX is achieved through the flexible and
efficient mapping of medium and large capacity payloads (especially
Ethernet), and from the optimization of the fill of fiber or wavelength
capacity. Ciena network studies using data taken from Ciena customer
networks show CAPEX savings of around 40% in long haul networks
and around 30% in metro networks are readily achievable. In a nutshell,
OTN creates a framework for consistent wavelength multiplexing that
provides a robust, scalable and manageable transport infrastructure.
•D
eterminism: OTN dedicates specific and configurable
bandwidth to each service, group of services, or each network
partition. This means that network capacity and managed
performance (throughput, latency, jitter, and availability) are
guaranteed for each client, and there is no contention between
concurrent services or users.
•F
acilitates IT/OT Convergence: The ability to partition an OTN-
switched network into private network partitions, also referred to
9
as Optical Virtual Private Networks (O-VPNs), provides a dedicated
set of network resources to a client, independent of the rest of
the network, but where each client benefits from the lower cost of
a larger shared infrastructure. Each IT or OT network tenant sees
only the resources associated with that tenant’s private partition.
Other resources associated with other tenants will not be visible.
O-VPNs also ease network evolution because network upgrades
can be tested or introduced in a protected network partition
or ‘sandbox,’ without the risk of impacting day-to-day network
operations in production partitions.
•F
lexibility: OTN networks give operators the ability to employ
the technologies needed now to support transport demands
while enabling operators to adopt new technologies as business
requirements dictate.
•S
ecure by design: OTN networks ensure a high level of privacy
and security through hard partitioning of traffic onto dedicated
circuits. This segregation of network traffic makes it difficult to
intercept data transferred between nodes over OTN-channelized
links. And because OTN-switched networks keep all applications
and tenants separate, organizations can effectively stop hackers
who access one part of the network from gaining access to other
parts of the network.
•R
obust yet simple operations: No other technological solution
allows operators to turn up new services faster and more efficiently
while removing the cost of uncertainty from the future traffic mix.
Embracing OTN
Migrating to an OTN infrastructure adds much needed transparency
and visibility into daily operations. Utilities must be able to continuously
monitor and streamline processes associated with the delivery of power.
Many utilities struggle with integrating aging IT infrastructures with
mission-critical operational processes, while balancing new requirements
to, for example, expand into providing new energy sources. All
components, including embedded systems, sensors and software must
be centrally managed and controlled. IT departments must also be able
to analyze data to gain greater value from the information that flows
through each utility. Clearly, the need for greater IT/OT integration and
10
collaboration across operational units makes a compelling argument for
the adoption OTN technologies and services.
For organizations which are still hesitant, it’s becoming clear aging
infrastructure that’s beyond its design life creates risks so that migration
at some point becomes inevitable. OTN eases the decision to
modernize as it can be introduced smoothly into existing networks,
without serious disruption. Operations methods will be familiar
to those with legacy SONET networks. Tools such as intelligent
network management and performance monitoring can track
network performance, making more operations visible and can take
countermeasures before critical situations arise.
11
Introduction: OTN Fundamentals
Advantages of OTN
12
SDH. This fundamental change helps IP-based traffic to map into
OTN much more efficiently than SONET/SDH. This tight integration of
Internet Protocol (IP) and OTN via Ethernet is much more appropriate to
the modern mix of networking protocols and traffic. The 40 Gigabits per
second (Gb/s) line rate cap of SONET/SDH is no longer a barrier to data
rate increases.
1
Infonetics Research, OTN and Packet-Optical Hardware - Biannual Worldwide Market
Share, Size, and Forecasts, March 2014
13
hungry applications. For decades, service provider network traffic
was dominated by voice calls, in which traffic was carried over circuit-
based networks in a predictable network connection between pairs
of endpoints. Most network traffic today is packet-based, generated
by a multitude of services and applications in bursty, unpredictable
traffic patterns with widely varying demands on bandwidth and data
transmission performance. Service provider networks that were once
optimized for voice traffic are now in need of a new transport technology
that can handle modern network traffic patterns and content.
14
Often referred to as a ‘digital wrapper,’ OTN allows one or more
different services to be transparently carried over a wavelength,
each with its own full set of monitoring capabilities. Initially
standardized in 1998, the adoption of OTN has steadily grown
in the telecommunications carrier market. OTN initially provided
an optical backbone for transparent carriage of SONET and SDH
payloads; extended SONET/SDH-like Operations, Administration,
and Maintenance (OAM); as well as Fault, Configuration, Accounting,
Performance, and Security (FCAPS) capabilities to client payloads
such as Ethernet, Fibre Channel (FC), ESCON, and digital video.
OTN provides robust OAM features for WDM networks, including
performance monitoring, fault detection, Forward Error Correction
(FEC), embedded communications channels, latency measuring, and a
standard mapping structure for multiplexing low-rate signals onto high-
speed payloads.
In the 2009 update, G.709 was enhanced to more tightly integrate with
Ethernet data rates and packet formats. As a result, OTN and Ethernet
are now inseparable in most networks. This symbiotic relationship makes
OTN the ideal protocol for transport of Ethernet over Dense Wavelength
Division Multiplexing (DWDM) networks.
Industry observers anticipate strong OTN growth in the next few years.
According to Infonetics Research,1 a respected analyst firm in the
telecommunications industry, the OTN market was approximately $8
billion in 2013 and is expected to grow to $13 billion by 2017. That’s a
13 percent compound annual growth rate—faster than the projected
growth in the general optical networking market. Infonetics further
expects OTN switching to eventually become a de facto standard for
WDM networks: 89 percent of carriers surveyed have implemented or
intend to implement OTN switching by 2016.
15
only optical transport protocol that currently scales beyond 40 Gb/s.
OTN offers specific benefits in backbone and metro core networks, thanks
to the complementary nature of IP and OTN. OTN-based IP backbones
and metro cores offer significant advantages over traditional WDM-based
networks, including increased efficiency, reliability around 99.999 percent,
and wavelength–based private services. The combination of IP over OTN
also offers better management and monitoring, reduced hops, protection
of services, and reduced costs for equipment acquisition. In addition to
scaling the network to 100G and beyond, OTN plays a key role in making
the network an open and programmable platform, making it possible for
transport to become as important as computing and storage in intelligent
data center networking.
16
Primary advantages of OTN include:
• R
eduction in transport costs: By allowing multiple clients
to be transported on a single wavelength, OTN provides an
economical mechanism to fill optical network wavelengths.
• E
fficient use of optical spectrum: OTN facilitates efficient use
of DWDM capacity by ensuring fill rates are maintained across a
network using OTN switches at fiber junctions.
• Determinism: OTN dedicates specific and configurable
bandwidth to each service, group of services, or each network
partition. This means that network capacity and managed
performance (throughput, latency, jitter, and availability) are
guaranteed for each client, and there is no contention between
concurrent services or users.
• V
irtualize network operations: The ability to partition an OTN-
switched network into private network partitions, also referred
to as Optical Virtual Private Networks (O-VPNs), provides a
dedicated set of network resources to a client, independent
of the rest of the network. Each network tenant sees only the
resources associated with that tenant’s private partition. Other
resources associated with other tenants will not be visible.
O-VPNs also ease network evolution because network upgrades
can be tested or introduced in a protected network partition
or ‘sandbox,’ without the risk of impacting day-to-day network
operations in production partitions.
• Flexibility: OTN networks give operators the ability to employ
the technologies needed now to support transport demands
while enabling operators to adopt new technologies as business
requirements dictate.
• S
ecure by design: OTN networks ensure a high level of privacy
and security through hard partitioning of traffic onto dedicated
circuits. This segregation of network traffic makes it difficult to
intercept data transferred between nodes over OTN-channelized
links. And because OTN-switched networks keep all applications
and tenants separate, organizations can effectively stop hackers
who access one part of the network from gaining access to other
parts of the network.
17
• R
obust yet simple operations: OTN network management
data is carried on a separate channel, completely isolated from
user application data. This means OTN network settings are
much more difficult to access and modify by gaining admittance
through a client interface port.
No other technological solution allows operators to turn up new services
faster and more efficiently while removing the cost of uncertainty from
the future traffic mix. The advent of billions of network–connected
consumer devices, and advances in the way content is delivered to users
around the world, are generating demand for OTN solutions that makes
this technology essential for next-generation networks.
18
After nearly 25 years since the introduction of SONET and SDH,
the evolution of SONET and SDH standards has ceased, and the
majority of SONET/SDH equipment is reaching its planned end
of life. Considering the limited future usefulness of SONET and
SDH hardware, most optical networking vendors have ceased
major platform investments in SONET/SDH products. Support
contracts between service providers and equipment vendors are
becoming difficult to renew because many component parts have
been discontinued by the manufacturers. Moreover, SONET/SDH
is increasingly cumbersome. Client line rates continue to rise while
technical limitations in the SONET/SDH standards have capped
network capacity at 40 Gb/s (OC-768/STM-256).
OTN SONET/SDH
Asynchronous mapping of payloads Synchronous mapping of payloads
Timing distribution not required Requires tight timing distribution
across networks
Designed to operate on multiple Designed to operate on multiple
wavelengths (DWDM) wavelengths
Scales to 100 Gb/s (and beyond) Scales to a maximum of 40 Gb/s
Performs single-stage multiplexing Performs multi-stage multiplexing
Uses a fixed frame size and increases Uses a fixed frame rate for a given line
frame rate to match client rate rate and increases frame size (or uses
concatenation of multiple frames) as
client size increases
FEC sized for error correction to Not applicable (no standardized FEC)
correct 16 blocks per frame
19
business climate simultaneously puts a significant amount of pressure
on service providers to increase top-line revenue while reducing capital
and operational expenses. And fierce competition is shaping service
providers’ strategies in their quest to increase customer loyalty, tap into
new revenue streams, and optimize day-to-day operations.
OTN is asynchronous and thus does not require the complex and costly
timing distribution and verification of SONET/SDH. Instead, OTN
includes per-service timing adjustments to carry both asynchronous
(GbE, ESCON) and synchronous (OC-3/12/48, STM-1/4/16, SDI)
services. OTN can additionally multiplex these services into a common
wavelength.
OTN Values
20
ensuring deterministic service delivery. OTN builds a
guaranteed delivery infrastructure in which every bit that
enters a network is delivered according to a contracted
Service Level Agreement (SLA). Premium services can be
supplied and monitored using a simple operational model
over a survivable OTN-switched network.
• OTN provides private, highly secured network services: OTN
offers dedicated and secure connectivity over direct links or
virtual networks by physically isolating each customer’s mission-
critical traffic from the rest of the network. OTN links can
also be encrypted at wire-speed for further protection from
intruders. When coupled with a control plane, OTN enables
self-healing restoration and the ability to survive multiple
simultaneous failures, thus preventing massive and widespread
service outages in the aftermath of network disruptions or
natural disasters.
OTN Architecture
21
OTN Values in a Nutshell
22
The Optical channel Payload Unit (OPU) contains the payload frames.
The ‘service layer’ represents the end-user services such as GbE, SONET,
SDH, FC, or any other protocol. For transparently mapped services such
as ESCON, GbE, or FC, the service is passed through a Generic Framing
Procedure (GFP) mapper.
An Optical Multiplex Section (OMS) sits between two devices and can
multiplex wavelengths onto a fiber, as shown in Figure 2. An Optical
Transmission Section (OTS) consists of the fiber between anything that
performs an optical function on the signal. An Erbium-Doped Fiber
Amplifier (EDFA) counts as ‘line amplifying’ equipment. OTN offers six
levels of tandem connection monitoring that enable a network operator
to monitor a signal as it passes through other operators’ networks. This
functional breakdown aids in fault management, as OTN overhead is
rigorously aligned with these points.
OCH
OMS
fiber
WDM
OTS OTS OTS Mux/Demux
23
SONET/SDH
10GbE
SONET/SDH
10GbE
Video
1GbE Video
1GbE
Figure 3: OTN Supports Different Types of Services over the Same Wavelength
OTN rates are equal to or higher than the bit rates of the client traffic.
There are basically two types of mappings into an ODU: transparent
and non-transparent. Transparent maps the complete client payload
into an ODU (so the OTN rate is higher than the client rate), whereas
non-transparent mapping removes some of the client signal overhead
24
to conserve network capacity. More ODUs can be mapped into an OTU
using this mapping strategy. Some key OTN line rates defined by the
G.709 standard are listed in Table 2, and Table 3 lists the standardized
ODUk rates of G.709. Additional rates are in development in the ITU for
more clients and faster lines.
One of the key advantages of OTN is its support of FEC in the OTU
frame, which is standardized in ITU G.975. This overhead is added to
the last part of the frame before it gets scrambled for transmission. FEC
has proved to be efficient in correcting a very high number of errors in
25
Table 3: Standard ODUk Rates
Encapsulation
Container
~1.25Gb/s Line
1GbE ODU0 Container
~2.7Gb/s
ODU1
OC-48/ OTU1
ODU1
STM-16
ODUflex: an interger number of tributary slots
Any bit rate ODUflex of an OPUk (OPU2, OPU3, OPU4)
~10.7Gb/s
ODU2
10G, 10GbE ODU2 OTU2
WAN PHY
~11.1Gb/s
10GbE LAN ODU2e OTU2e
PHY
~43.0Gb/s
ODU3
OTU3
40G ODU3
ODU4 ~111.8Gb/s
~104Gb/s OTU4
100G ODU4
26
transmission due to noise or other impairments present in high-capacity
transmissions. The standard FEC uses a Reed-Solomon RS (255/239)
coding technique, in which 239 bytes are required to compute a 16-byte
parity check. Allowing service providers to extend the distance between
optical repeaters, FEC helps reduce both capital and operational
expenses while simplifying the network topography by being able to
skip amplifier sites.
Service routing –
Routing
Sub-lambda bandwidth
Switching
Carrier
management – agile
Ethernet MPLS-TP OTN virtual wavelength layer,
decouples service rates
from line rates
Photonic
The key capabilities OTN delivers can be used to reshape the economics
of high-capacity networks. Some significant use cases and applications
of OTN are described as follows:
27
• Private line connection: One of the main contributors to a
service provider’s top line is high-capacity private lines (OC-192,
wavelength). They are well established, highly profitable, and,
most importantly, they remain solid, growing network performers.
Recent studies from Infonetics and Insight Research estimate
these services are growing at a double-digit Compound Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR) and accounted for $98 billion in 2013. OTN
matches the SLA requirements of these services and lowers the
cost of transporting high-capacity private line services through
efficient bandwidth utilization. Many private line clients may be
transported on the same wavelength if capacity allows.
• Multiplexing/switching for 40G/100G lines: For years, service
providers have used OTN dedicated wavelength point-to-point
links to interconnect client equipment. These have employed
either transponder- or muxponder-based network elements.
Despite the simplicity of this approach, it can prematurely
exhaust network resources (ports, bandwidth, fiber, and so on)
because of sub-optimal capacity fill across a network. After
periods of service churn or network upgrade, it might also lead
to bandwidth fragmentation, resulting in even lower network
utilization. Introduction of OTN switches into networks can
improve wavelength fill and periodically be used to reduce
fragmentation through grooming of OTN payloads at key
locations across networks.
Because the optical lines are dedicated, the service is inflexible and
results in underutilized hardware and stranded bandwidth. These
hard-wired connections are extremely labor-intensive for engineering
28
Back-to-back transponders
and operations, and often require truck rolls for maintenance or circuit
changes.
29
1400 Point-to-Point OTN Aggregation/
muxponders Switching
1200
Deployed Wavelengths
40%
1000 reduction
100G
800
40G
600 10G
400
200
Recovered 40%
of the bandwidth
Fragmented Defragmented
Bandwidth Bandwidth
30
Packet Aggregation
(with or without over-subscription)
OTN Core
Lossless Core
(with dedicated OTN links)
Packet Aggregation
(with or without over-subscription)
31
*EOL/MD “Expensive” Replacing failing Add new links
equipment capacity equipment and to extend mesh
growth “recover” spares
Step 1
Baseline Step 2
OTN
Mesh
SONET/SDH SONET/SDH
SONET/SDH SONET/SDH
Ring Ring
Ring Ring
OTN mesh
Inefficient ring overlay for Improve space Add new Evolution to
interconnect high-capicity and power footprint OADM OTN/Packet-enabled
circuits location intelligent mesh
*End of Life/Manufacturer Discontinued equipment
32
network including network extensions. The control plane also provides
automatic restoration and routing of impacted traffic without human
intervention. Service feature sets can be expanded to support many
options, including various levels of service availability and dynamic
services.
• A
utomated network operations: The control plane provides
the intelligence needed to streamline operations by automating
many network operations, leading to faster service turn-up,
better management, and significantly faster service restoration.
The primary functions of the control plane include:
Automated connection management
°
Automated self-inventory and maintenance
°
Automated discovery
°
Automated restoration
°
• Tiered availability: Service providers can now design
customized, tiered service classes from a rich set of available
building blocks, as shown in Figure 12. Options can be
Figure 12: Increase Network Survivability with OTN and Control Plane
33
constructed such as restoration time (50ms, 250ms, 500ms), the
number of failures protected against (one or many), and provision
of minimal or no protection for low-priority traffic. Offering
flexible, tiered services helps expand the capability of OTN
to meet the needs of an increasing customer base while also
meeting the requirements of sophisticated applications.
• Real-time latency measurement: Complying with a maximum
latency SLA is a key factor in many OTN applications such as data
center interconnection. Latency measurements are native to OTN
and can be used to ensure SLA compliance.
• Dynamic infrastructure: OTN and the control plane allow the
network to become dynamic and responsive to upper-layer
applications in real time. Emerging services, such as on-demand
or scheduled cloud interconnections in which the control plane
negotiates with the cloud operating system, are possible. The
network operates as a partner with cloud servers and storage
to support new high-value applications, actively providing and
releasing capacity upon the command of the Application layer, as
depicted in Figure 13.
• Optical Virtual Private Networks (O-VPNs): O-VPNs enable
service providers to virtually partition their networks by allowing
specific links, wavelengths, sub-wavelengths, or even nodes to
be dedicated for use by a single customer, such as an enterprise.
Cloud
Applications
and Services
Intelligent Network
Figure 13: OTN and Control Plane as a Dynamic Pool of Resources for the Cloud
34
Service Provider’s
Infrastructure
35
rates available, while maintaining full separation of user traffic
and restoration bandwidth. Full visibility of the network and
optional control over provisioning, protection, and bandwidth-
on-demand may also be provided using a secure, Web-based
customer portal.
OTN has been deployed into networks with increasing scope since
its inception in 1998. Hundreds of thousands of OTN ports have been
deployed and are now carrying mission-critical traffic across a wide
spectrum of applications.
36
data services such as 1GbE and 10GbE. Meanwhile, the evolution of
OTN is not restricted to dry land. Instead, it is expected that all sub-sea
cable networks that currently operate over SDH will be migrating to
OTN sometime in the near future, to gain the benefit of OTN’s higher
bit rates (40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s), latency awareness, and advanced
management features.
Use Cases
37
Use Case 3: Core Router Offload
The mesh topology of OTN and native support for IP/Ethernet traffic
increases network efficiency, simplifies network architectures, and
reduces latency. By supporting multiple service line rates on one
common network, OTN provides a clear upgrade path for service
providers who need their network infrastructure to easily scale along
with their customers’ service requirements. To that end, OTN networks
are designed to simultaneously support services with a variety of line
rates from 1G to 10G to 40G and beyond. As a result, when a customer
requests an increase in their contracted line rate, that rise can be
implemented with just a few changes to the service provider’s network
configuration, typically requiring no upgrade to network hardware,
software, or applications. OTN-based providers can also allow for
38
automated, dynamic expansion and contraction of line rates based on
customer utilization or specific customer requests.
Conclusion
For most organizations today, the goal is to lower costs and streamline
network operations. Organizations are simultaneously seeking a
solution that will set a new benchmark in service economics and turn the
network into a dynamic and intelligent pool of resources. OTN offers
a deterministic and simple service delivery model that complements
39
packet networks and paves the way for an entirely new generation of
services—one that is likely to reshape the way people communicate.
Why Ciena?
40
• 5400 Packet-Optical Platform
o Offer the industry’s first fully modular and reconfigurable
switching platform. The 5400 enables practical transition to a
converged OTN and Ethernet-based, service-enabling
intelligent infrastructure to achieve unmatched CAPEX
and OPEX reduction, rapid service delivery, and high
network availability.
o SONET/SDH/OTN and Ethernet on the same platform
o Multi–terabit switching
41
OTN Glossary of Acronyms
42
OCC: Optical Carrier Channel
ODU: Optical Channel Data Unit
OMS: Optical Multiplex Section
OOS: OTM Overhead Signal
OPU: Optical channel Payload Unit
OTN: Optical Transport Networking (see G.709)
OTS: Optical Transmission Section
OTU: Optical Transport Unit
O-VPN: Optical Virtual Private Network
Packet-over-SONET: GbE over an OC-48/STM-16
ROADM: Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer
SAN: Storage Area Network
SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SLA: Service Level Agreement
SONET: Synchronous Optical Network
Tbps: Terabits per second
TCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring
VCAT: Virtual Concatenation
VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network
VOIP: Voice Over IP
WAN: Wide Area Network
WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing
43
Paul Littlewood
Principal, Network Architecture
Office of the CTO
During his career, Paul has led product management and engineering
teams in optical transport and digital cross-connect projects, and was
also a leader in the definition and development of Carrier Ethernet
technologies, including Resilient Packet Rings.
Paul has seven patents granted and has written a number of papers on
optical networking. He has an honors degree in pure physics from the
University of Newcastle upon Tyne in Great Britain
Fady Masoud
Senior Advisor, Technical Marketing
Ciena Portfolio Solutions