MAKALAH

BAHASA INGGRIS

ANTIMATTER EXPLAINED

Disusun oleh :

Nama : Muhammad Asyroful Umam

NIM : 18030224051

Kelas : FRE/2018

Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Angkatan 2018
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

we live in this world is not separate from the material both small and large, in
our bodies / humans must be composed of materials that are small, namely
electrons, protons, and neutrons. So in this case we will discuss antimatter

The problem behind the author is that theories about the formation of the
universe. In essence the theory of formation of the universe is the theories that
describe the history of the formation of the sematatic nature of the theory put
forward. That is, based on Fowler's hypothesis, galaxies originated from an
incandescent gas mist with a very large mass. This fog then contracts and
condensates while continuing to rotate on its axis. There is a mass left behind,
that is, on the outside of the incandescent fog. The mass also contracted and
condensed, forming incandescent gases, namely stars.

Antimatter is material consisting of antiparticles of particles that make up

ordinary matter. If a particle and its antiparticles touch each other, both of them
destroy each other, meaning that both are converted into other particles with the
same energy according to Einstein's equation E = mc².

Because we must know the origin of the formation of this universe with this
paper we can know more deeply how this universe was formed.

B. Formulation of the problem

1. how is the application of antimatter in this world

2. What is the relationship between antimatter and the big bang theory

C. Writing Purpose

The purpose of writing this paper is that it is compiled as a fulfillment of the

assignments of English courses, and besides that there are also points that are our
goal in making this paper:

1. Know what antimatter theory is.

2. Knowing the theories about the formation of the universe.

3. Increase and add insight into the making of this paper

 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

ANTIMATTER EXPLAINED

https://youtu.be/Lo8NmoDL9T8

Pretty much everything in the universe is made out of matter - the earth, air, you
and me, stars, interstellar dust - all matter. By which we mean that these things
are made out of electrons and quarks - and very occasionally other rarer matter
particles like muons, tauons, and neutrinos. All of these particles are, at their
fundamental level, excitations in everywhere-permeating quantum fields. But, as
the famous quote goes, “for every particle, there is an equal and opposite
antiparticle - an opposite excitation in the everywhere permeating quantum field
that has all of the exact same properties as that particle - except opposite
charge.” And since these antiparticles are opposite excitations of the quantum
field, when a particle and antiparticle meet, they annihilate and destroy each
other! Which is pretty much exactly like how the equation x^2=4 has two
solutions: 2 and -2, with the same value but opposite sign. And when they meet,
they annihilate! Every fundamental particle has an antiparticle: there are
antiquarks, antineutrinos, antimuons, antitauons, and of course antielectrons -
though we call them positrons. Since antimatter particles are essentially identical
to regular matter other than the opposite charge thing, they can combine
together in essentially identical ways to form antiprotons, anti-atoms, anti-
molecules, and, in principle, anything from anti-ants to anti-matterhorns. But we
can also make the really cool positronium atom - it’s like hydrogen, except instead
of an electron orbiting a proton, it’s an electron orbiting a POSITRON. Until they
annihilate each other in under a nanosecond. because every particle of
antimatter annihilates with regular matter upon meeting, it’s really hard to make
anything big out of antimatter - at this point we’re still only able to make and
contain a few hundred antihydrogen atoms at one time. And when they
annihilate, the energy of particle and antiparticle has to go somewhere, which is
why matter/antimatter annihilations have been proposed as bombs. But
naturally-occuring antimatter is hard to come by. So, unlike a uranium fission
bomb, which allow us to release the bottled energy of the supernovas that forged
the uranium in the first place, you’d have to put all the energy into an antimatter
bomb yourself by making antimatter. Which you do by agitating empty space into
pairs of matter and antimatter excitations. Kind of like hitting zero with a hammer
to get out 2 and minus 2, except instead of a hammer, you use a particle
accelerator or high-energy photons of light. Photons, incidentally, have zero
charge and so are their OWN antiparticles, in the same way that zero is equal to
negative zero! In fact, mathematics has always been closely tied to antimatter: the
mathematics of relativisitic quantum mechanics predicted the existence of
antimatter before any had ever been discovered. The fact that there’s so little
antimatter around in the universe TO discover is both an obvious thing (because if
it were around, it would have destroyed us), a good thing (because it can’t
destroy us), and a puzzling thing - if matter and antimatter are basically identical
“mirror” images of one another, why did the big bang produce so much more
matter than antimatter? No one knows - though to physicists, the answer matters.

The antiproton created in space bombards the earth in the form of cosmic
rays, which are elementary particles that move almost equivalent to the speed of
light. When the material and antimatter collide, they will cancel each other out,
creating pure energy without leaving any residue. The existence of antimatter was
first proposed by Paul Dirac in 1928. Since then scientists have been trying to
study the theory of the presence of antimatter particles created by nuclear decay
and collisions of normal high-energy matter. At present, positrons are common in
a variety of medical imaging. Even so, antiatom, which is composed of antriproton
and antineuron, is very rare. Given that we live in a world dominated by regular
material, antiprotons and antineurons are generally destroyed before they can
form antinucleus.
 The search for antimatter particles does not only take place in laboratories
that have particle accelerators, but also into space. A team of scientists from
various countries even launched an instrument-carrying balloon up to a height of
39 kilometers above Antarctica to look for that rare particle. The entire effort to
search for antimatter particles was carried out to understand the origins of
antimatter in cosmic rays, including proving the Big Bang theory, a large explosion
in space that was the origin of the birth of the universe. The most basic form of
the Big Bang theory predicts that matter and antimatter are created in equal
numbers. Somehow, matter dominates antimatter in the first few stages after the
explosion occurred.

One of the objectives of the launch of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

(AMS) antimatter detector is to find evidence of the presence of antimatter that
might still be left out there. "I have been studying space experiments for 15 years,
but we can only be sure if we are at the space station to retrieve that data," said
Samuel Ting, Nobel Prize winner, who heads the AMS team. Ting stated that his
main task was to ensure the last phase of the detector assembly so that no one
missed. Ting is one of the inventors of the first complex antimatter particles. For
45 years he was constantly "haunted" by the lost mass. "At first, if you have an
electron, you must have positrons. If you have a proton, you must also have an
antiproton," he said. "In other words, there must be material and antimatter in
the same amount. That is what makes me curious, where is the universe made of
antimatter. That is one of the reasons we propose this experiment.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING
A. Conclusion

The conclusion is that all objects in the universe are not escaped or separated
by matter. That means antimatter is very important and the discovery of
antimatter is very valuable to us all

Antimatter also responds to gravity the same as normal matter. As noted,

antimatter and ordinary matter particles have the same mass but differ in
properties, such as electric charge and spinning. The Standard Model predicts
that gravity must have the same effect on matter and antimatter.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
https://youtu.be/Lo8NmoDL9T8

https://idschool.net/sma/rumus-kuartil-desil-dan-persentil/