Intro To 75 Plants Ssa Final

INTRODUCTION:
Ethnobotany is the study of how the people of a particular culture and religion making
the use of plants and their products, while the ethno botanist explores how plants are used for
Food, Shelter, Medicine, Clothing, Hunting and religious ceremonies. It is the relationship
between a society and its environment and a particular plant world.
Since the last quarter of 20th century most of the bioscience researchers are working on
ethnobotanical investigations to fulfill the increasing demand of plant articafts and herbal
products. Indian subcontinent is virtually excels with the diverse flora having number of plants
with ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal importance. It has been reported that about 20,000 plant
species are found in Indian Flora having different medicinal properties and more than this have
other ethnobotanical importance of which about 7 % are on the verge of extinction. According to
recent findings of Botanical Survey of India (BSI) over 30 species of Angiosperms are under
threat of extinction Therefore it is essential to investigate such plants from different unexplored
regions and collect the indigenous knowledge regarding their utilities.
Indigenous knowledge is as old as human civilization but the term Ethnobotany was first
coined by an American botanist, John Harshburger (1896), to study the plants used by the
primitive and aboriginal people. Since then it has defined as the traditional knowledge on
indigenous communities, about surrounding plant diversity and as the study of how the people of
the particular culture and region make use of indigenous plants. Ethnobotany has its roots in
botany. Botany in turn originates in part from an interest in finding plants to help fight illness. In
fact, medicine and botany have close ties. Many of today’s drugs have been derived from plants
resources.
Ethnomedicine is defined as branch of science in which plant base formulation known to

tribal’s since ancient days are used to alleviate the disease. Now days it is also known as
botanical medicine or phytomedicine. Lately phytotheorapy has been introduced as more
accurate synonym of plant based medicine. Herbal medicine is prepared from a variety of plant
materials as leaves, stems, roots, bark etc. They usually contain may be biologically active
ingredients and are used primarily for treating mild or chronic ailments. Its is generally estimated
that over 6000 plants in India are in use in traditional, folk and herbal medicine, representing
about 75% of the medicinal needs of the third world countries .
Ethnomedicine is a routine tribal health care system and has been practiced since
historical times and truces its roots to ancient civilization. Although we defined alternative
system of healing as subjects that are not taught in medical school, it is worthwhile to mentioned
that before the availability of synthetic drug, plant based remedies formed the basis of primary
health care system. Herbal infusion, decoration and tinctures were household remedies for
common ailments.
Ethnobotany deals with the total natural and traditional interrelationships between man
and plants, and mans domesticated animals. Gathering jungle fruits or tubers or hunting animals
for food by earliest man on this earth was birth of Ethnobotany and Ethnozoology. The journey
of Ethnobotany from those early beginnings through ages has been long. This discipline became
established as a genuine academic and research activity in the second half of the twentieth
century. Until recently it was not appreciated that sustainable development could be achieved
only through full understanding and integration of cultural aspects of biological diversity and
participation of the indigenous people of any region. The interrelationships between man and
plants can be first divided into material and cultural (spiritual) relationships, and then placed in
one or more of the following four categories.
a) Relationships useful to man and plants.
b) Relationships useful to man but harmful to plants.
c) Relationships useful to plants but harmful to man.
d) Relationships harmful both to man and plants.
Methods of ethnobotanical research depend on the objectives or end product in the mind.
They are various but can be put in two broad categories, viz. Field research and literary research
for collecting large no. of plants for biological screening, three broad approaches are possible
viz. random collections of plants of families rich in active principles or collections based on
ethnomedicinal data. Result in India and other countries have shown that percentage of positive
result is much more in ethno botanically selected species help in sustainable use of bioresources.
Faith and traditional practices also help in lesser damage and better preservation of individual
species and or habitats, and thus of biodiversity. Traditional knowledge about those land races or
wild relatives of crop plants and other economic species which are more suitable to local
condition and microclimates is useful in agriculture and horticulture programs. Identification of
new or prospective herbal remedies on the basis of traditional knowledge helps in health care
programs. There are also prospects of socioeconomic uplift of the indigenous communities
through promotion of cottage industries based on their traditional unique tools, gadgets, arts and
crafts.
Early in the twenty century herbal medicine was a prime healthcare system as antibiotics
or analgesic were not available with the development of allopathic system of medicine, herbal
medicine gradually lost it popularity among people and it was based on the fast therapeutic
action of synthetic drugs.
Ethnobotanical studies typically focus on recording the knowledge of traditional societies

in remote places (Hodges and Bennet, 2006). Indigenous People of different parts of the world
have a vast knowledge of and capacity for developing innovative practices and products from
their environment. Indigenous knowledge grows from close interdependence between knowledge
land, environment and other aspects of culture in indigenous societies and the oral transmission
of knowledge in accordance with well understood cultural and sacredness that govern the
management of knowledge. (Tripathi et.al. 2000).
Ethnobiological studies including traditional Ethnobotany and ethnomedicine. Traditional

medicine includes certain health approaches and practices incorporating the use of herbs, metal
or diet restrictions or life style changes with a view to diagnose, prevent or treat diseases.
Ayurveda, Sidhha, Unani, Homeopathy, Reflexology, Aromatherapy, Western Medical

Herbalism and Traditional Chinese Medicine (T.C.M) represent some popular traditional system
of medicine.
India harbours about 427 tribal communities, all differing in their social and cultural
traditions. Each one of them had their own system of traditional health care. But this Indigenous
knowledge is on verge of extinction in many tribes. This must have to exact and use of the
benefit of human society.
Salher Fort is a place located near Waghmba village in Nasik district of Maharashtra.
According to a Legend, Lord Parshuram did his Tapascharya (Asceticism) at Salher Fort. Salher
stands adjacent to Salota fort in Selbari mountain Range in Baglan region, Nashik district of
Maharashtra at the height of 5141 feet above sea level.
Mulher-Mora and Hargad forts stand in the Dolbar mountain Range. Mulher and Mora
are adjacent to each other. Salher is the highest Fort in Sahyadri. Mountains (156 meters) and
Second highest in Maharashtra after Kalsubai in Maharashtra and 32nd highest peak in western
Ghats. The money acquired after raiding Surat was brought to this Fort, first on its way to the
Maratha capital forts.
Mulher (Ratnapur - Mahabharat period), Mayurnagri (King Mayurdwaj era) is located on

the right (South) bank of Mosam River, 3.5 Km. by road east (downstream) of the village of
Vide Digar and the Haranbari dam. It is 9 Km. by road west (upstream) of Tarahabad. It is
located on State Highway 14. The Rathore dynasty of Bagul ancestry reigned Baglan between
1310 and 1638. Mulher fort was their capital.The Mughals then gained control of Baglan.
Many rural people and different tribes live in forest of Salher and Mulher . These tribal
people used different plants for various purpose like medicines, for thatching roofs, building
their huts etc. They use many plants and different plant parts to cure various diseases. They
follow various methods to obtain the medicine from the plant. These medicines are used by
tribals like Mahadev koli, Kokana, Bill and Thakur.
Ethnobotanical work has been directed to study and described the articles of domestic use
including huts or houses of Adivasi. Ethnobotanical studies help in revealing the numerous
germless stocks of our cultivated plants and vegetables. The study of origin of basis of local
name of plants is one of the streams of ethnobotanical study. Vernacular names naturally vary
from one place, language and people to another. The vernacular names are simple, easy for the
local people to pronounced and quite often have relevant meaning.
Ethnobotany is an inter-disciplinary science. Through the basic object is to study man and
plant relationship, when the inquiry in Ethnobotany extends beyond ordinary realm of botany
and has significant input of other branches of science like medicine and anthropology, the work
becomes inter-disciplinary researches are emerging under special titles like ethnopharmacology,
ethnomedicine, ethnoagriculture, ethnomusicology and many others.
Due to its inter-disciplinary nature and socio-economic aspects, the linkages of

Ethnobotany have proliferated and relevance has been established with problem of nutrition, life
support species, rural health, drug use and abuse, social customs, cottage industries economic
uplift, conservation of ecosystem etc. With this background of Ethnobotany, it was decided to
take up ethnobotanical studies of an area with specified objectives which would include all
aspects of Ethnobotany discussed above.
Tribal’s which used to call themselves as king of forest, are now forced to rush to
concrete forest for survival. Due to such migration tribals and their younger generation are going
away from nature and youth is not ready to follow the tradition for various reasons. Therefore
this valuable knowledge is being lost day by day, moreover due to illiteracy there is no written
documentation. Before we lose it forever, it is very important to record it. At the same time there
is enormous pressure of fast growing population on the society to fulfil the needs of such vast
population. Forest are being depleted at a faster rate. Many populations of useful plants are
decreasing day by day. Some of them are vanishing from certain areas.
Many plants have used and harm that which is known to us so far; this traditional
knowledge about plant also included certain very effective conservation strategies and practices
of sustainable resources use.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
The history of the use of plants in medicine can be traced back to the ancient civilization
or pre-Rig-Veda times. The earliest written record of the preparation and the use of medicine
plantation plants are in the Rig-Veda. It is the earliest scripture of the Hindus (4500-1600 BC).
The Vedic Aryans were familiar with about 100 medicinal plants. In Atharva veda which was a
later work, the uses of medicinal plants described are more varied. Such works were followed by
the monumental contribution like 'Charak Samhita' (1000-800BC), Sudhir Samhita (800-700 BC)
and Vagbhattas Astanga Hrudayat. These treaties present excellent details on the Indian
medicine and its therapeutic value. (Mishra and Jain 1991). It may be relevant here to mention
that the work of Dioscorides (77 AD) contained many references to Indian medicinal plants.
The Unani system (400 BC) which originated in Greece came to India through the Arab
physician who accompanied Mogal invaders. The Sidhha system with a recorded history from
about 2000 BC is believed to have originated in Tamil Nadu.
Hermandery (1570-1575) studied the flora and fauna of Mexico in relation to man and
wrote a comprehensive account in 16 folio volumes. This first official record of a scientific
expedition in history and is still useful source of study. (DC 1968). Among the ethno botanists of
USA, the works of Schultes (1960, 1962, 1987, 1989, 1992, and 1993) and Tyler (1987) are
commendable studies on West Africa by Ayensu (1978), South Africa by Philip (1975) and
North Africa by Bouls (1983) need special mention. Vidal (1971) reported the plants of
ethnobotanical interest from South East Asia. Plants associated with the tribal’s of Indonesia
were studied by Friedberg (1974). China has very rich flora and many plants were screened for
biological activity based on the experience of traditional Chinese Medicine. Le Schinchen (1590)
publishes a herbal "Pent 500 Kang Mu" a record of all knowledge of medicinal plants. (Walker
1944).
An organized study of Ethnobotany in India was started by Alkinson in 1882 by

publishing 12 volumes of the Gazetteer of Northwest province of India. Bodding (192-1927)
published his notes on the system of medicine practice by Santals, one of the largest tribes in
India, numbering about three million Majumdar (1927) made on exhaustive scrutiny of literature
on Indian Medicine. Janki Ammal (1954) stressed the scope and need for seeking the help of the
aboriginal in the tribal’s region of Assam, Himalaya, Andaman and Nicobar islands and the
Western Ghats for ethnobotanical finding.
Publications that shows the richness of Indian Ethnobotany.
1) Indian Materia Medica (Nandkarni 1908)
2) Indian Medicinal Plants (Kirtikar & Basu 1933)
3) Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Chopra et.1956)
4) Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany (Jain 1981)
5) A manual of Ethnobotany (Jain 1987)
6) Methods and Approaches in Ethnobotany (Jain 1890)
7) Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany (Jain1991)
8) Notable Plants in Ethno medicine of India (Jain et.al 1991)
9) Ethnobotany in Human Welfare (Jain 1996)
10) Ethnobotany in South Asia (Maheshwari 1996)

11) Cross-cultural Ethnobotany of North East India (Saklani and Jain 1996)
12) Contribution to Indian Ethnobotany (Jain 1997)
13) A Handbook of Ethnobotany (Jain and Mughal 1999)
The pioneering works of Jain (1963a, 1963b, 1963c, 1965, 1967) earned India an
important place in the world map of ethnobotanical studies. He made exhaustive studies on the
tribal’s of central India. A large volume of data started pouring in as could be gleaned from
hundreds of publication in journals related to Ethnobotany such as Journal of Economic and
Taxonomic Botany. Ethnobotany and in the journal of general nature such as Journal of Indian
Botanical Society and Indian Journal of Forestry.
The contribution made by Shrivastava (1988), Srivastva et.al. (1980, 1981, 1984 and
1992). Maheswari and Singh (1984a, 1984b, 1987, 1990), Kaput (1986, 1990a, 1990b, 1991),
Sur et al. (1987,1990,1992a,1992b ) from Northen and Himalaya regions; Tiwari et al
(1980a,1980b,1984,1986,1992) and Rawat (1998) from North Eastern Region. Hemdari and Rao
(1989a,1989b,1990,1991) from central regions and Hemdari (1981,1984,1985,1990),
Pushpangdan and Atal (1984,1986), Hosagoudar and Henry (1991) from southern region are
significant and need special mention.
Maheshwari (1983) traced the developments in Ethnobotany in India as well as abroad.

Manilal (1977) discussed the progress of Ethnobotany during the period from 1965-1975. He
further stressed its relation and linkages with others sciences and disciplines such as food and
Nutrition. Defence and survival, Sociology and Culture, Religion, Medicine, Art and Literature.
Mythology, Archeology, Anthropology, Forestry and Agriculture (Manilal 1989) Jain et. al.
(1989) brought out the pluralistic use (i.e. use of the same plant for different diseases by different
tribal’s.) of some interesting medicinal plants known among several tribal societies of India.
Research in the field of ethnobotany, particularly in ethnomedicine gained momentum in

the years, Hosgoudar and Henry (1983) Reported fertility and antifertility plants used by Soligas
of Bilgiri Rangana Betta in Mysore district of Karnataka, Mao (1993) described 71 wild plant
species having wide ethnomedicinal applications. This was the first report on Mao tribe of
Nagas of Manipur. Ethnomedicinal value of 57 plants used by the tribals of Garhwal Himalayas
in Uttar Pradesh was reported by Negi et al (1993). Borthakur (1993) studied 13 native plant
remedies for child diseases and 21 for women disease prevalent among different ethnic groups of
Assam.
Anuradha et al (1994) carried out ethnobotanical studies on the tribals Katkari, Kokana,
Mahadev Koli, Thakur and warli of Western Maharashtra. Chhetri (1994) brought out the
information’s about 36 medicinal plants used by Khasis of khasi hills of Meghalaya for different
ailments. Singh and Prakash (1994) reported 38 ethnomedicinal plants traditionally used by
Gond tribe of Uttar Pradesh Singh et al, (1994) studied 82 medicinal plants used in the health
care of Gond tribals of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh.
A survey of medicinal plants with anti-snake venom activity in Chengalpattu district,

Tamil Nadu was made by Selvanayagam et al (1995) Girach and Aminuddin (1995) enumerated
loss known medicinal uses of 46 plant Species recorded from the Ho tribal communities in the
Singhbhum district of Bihar.
Kapur (1996), Kapur and Nanda (1996), Kapur and Singh (1996), Kapur and Srivastva
(1996),. Kapur et.al (1996) studied the traditionally important medicinal plants of Jammu
Province. Duhoon et.al (1996) brought out the ethno-medico-botanical importance of Hippophae
sps. of Elacagnaceae from the cold desert of India.
Soma Sen and Amla Batra (1997) carried out ethnobotanical studies of house hold
remedies of Phagi tehsil of Jaipur district, Rajasthan and reported 65 plants belonging to 40
families Curing 46 maladies. Rajendra et.al (1997) brought out 24 rare and noteworthy plant
species of the eastern Ghats in Andra Pradesh with their ethnic uses with particular reference to
their ethnomedicinal value.
Billore et.al (1998) identified Seven plant species used by the local bare foot doctors of
Rajasthan for the respiratory diseases. Jain and Sikarwar (1998) stressed the importance of
comparative ethnobotanical studies between different cultures within a country or between the
countries. Katewa anal Rajesh Sharma (1998) reported 15 plant Species from Rajasthan in the
treatment of impotency , rheumatism and other similar diseases.
Ashok Gupta et.al. (1999) reported 38 medicinal plants used by the tribals of Amarkantak
forests of Madhya Pradesh.
Sharma and Singh (2001) ethnobotany of Dadra, nagar Haveli and Daman Ksjirsagar and
Singh (2000) studied ethnomedicinal uses plants in Coorg district of Karnataka State. Rawat,
J.R.(2003). MEDHERB, Green pages India (2003) a handbook of Authentic Current
Information on Indian medicinal Plants.
Veternary Medicines:
Pal (1981) enumerated 25 plant Species used in the treatment of cattle and birds among
the tribals of Eastern India.Issar (1981) reported few medicinal plants from Uttarakhand
Himlayas for the treatment of animals. Sebastian (1984) reported 27 plant Species used as
veterinary medicines, galactagogues and fodder in the forest area of Rajasthan.
Priyadarshan(1991) described the use of 42 plant species mentioned in Garud Purana for treating
several ailments of horses and elephants in ancient times.
Plants as food and fodder:

In India survey of wild edible plants has been carried out by several workers. Jain (1965)
reported wild food plants of Bastar and Jain and De (1964) reported 14 edible plants associated
with tribals of Purulia. Food plants from North Eastern tribes of India were listed by Arora
(1981). He reported about 300 edible plant species usedby native.
Vartak (1981) presented a preliminary Survey of wild plants used as food by tribal population
residing along the western Ghats in Maharashtra and Goa.
The tribals maintain cattle, goat,sheep and farm animals for various purposes. The fodder
consume by these animals should be good source of energy Negi (1986) Stated that the foliage
from Forest trees serve as potential feed resource. Rekib et al. (1991) identified suitable species
for different regions in India. Kulkarni and Kumbhojkar (1992c) collected ethnobotanical data on
fodder plants used by Mahadeokoli tribe in Western Maharashtra. Rajasthan were reported by
Kulkarni and Joshi (1992).
Plants as Fibre and fire Wood:
Tthe plant fibre has an important role to fulfill the various human needs and is the part
and parcel of his basic requirements.
Forbes Rayle (1983) listed fibrous plants of India yielding cordage, clothing and paper while
conducting floristic exploration in Sikkim, Krishna and Das (1983),gathered information from
local people about fibre yielding plants. Altogether 25 speciesi belonging to 21 genera and
Kumbhojkar (1992) carried out the ethnobotanical survey in certain parts of Western
Maharashtra and they revealed that plant parts like leaves ,stem ,bark, and entire climberof
certain species constitute a major source of fibre for the tribals.
Information regarding plants used as fuel sources is scanty. Ghate etal.(1990) search
Several non-conventional plant species which are preferred by villagers in western Ghats of
Maharashtra. For fuel wood. She described 38 indigenous fuel wood Species with their fuel
wood characteristics.
Plants as Miscellaneous Purpose:
1)Fencing:
Fencing around huts and fields are important as they ensure safety to the residents and
crops against intruders besides offering privacy. Kulhari (1992) prepared a list of 15 plants
species commonly used for fencing by the villagers of Western Rajasthan whereas 42 plant
Species find similar use in tribal areas of Sabarkantha,Gujrat ( Bhaskr,1998).
2) Hair Wash and Adornments:
`Pal and Banerjee (1974, 1977)enumerated the pants used by the tribals in India for hair
and scalp preparation. Sneh Lata (1997) reported that the rural women of Indo-Nepal Himalayas
used the extract of fresh bark of grewia optiva for washing their hair. She also reported that the
ash of fuel wood of the same plantis used for washing clothes. Peter francis (1984) reviewed 165
vegetal material for human adomments in India. Nazarudeen et al. (1996) reported the use of
seeds of abrus precatories for making ear rings by the women Folk of paniyar communityin north
kerala along with bleached Pandanus leaves and bee-wax.
3) Pesticidal,Pascicidal and Insectisidal Applications:
Secoy and Smith (1983) listed the plant Species which have been reported in different
parts of the world.For pest control. A literature review by Yang and Tang (1988) brought out the
use of 267 plants for pest control in China.
Bhuyan (1968) advocated the use of seeds of Croton tiglium as a fish poison in ponds.
Pal and Saren (1986) enumerated 11 plants used by the tribals of India for poisoning I stupefying
fishes. Cyrilnayagam et.al (1996) recorded hydrocotyle asiatica and Randia dumetorum as fish
stupefying agents by Kattunayakkas of Nilgiris. Nazarudeen et al. (1996) reported the use of bark
of Harpullia arborea as a repellant to land larch and the use of the same by tribals while crossing
the forests.
Psychoactive:
Psychoactive plants are those which possess substance that can alter the state of mind.
They include hallucinogens, stimulants, excitants,sedatives, depressants hypnotics, intoxicants,
certain narcotics and psychedelics.(Jain et.al 1994)
Over 300 species of psychoactive plant in India have been in use since ancient times. The
greatest enigma in the field of ethanobotany has been the identity of the Vedic drink,
Soma.(Maheshwari 1996).In India over 360 plant species having Psychoative propenties Shah
(1997) studied the ethnobotany of Cannabis sativa and brought out the intoxicating property of
its inflorescence.
Plants Related to Bio-cultural Aspects:
Rai et al. (1981) documented ten plant species associated with religious beliefs and
mythology. Plants such as Ocimum sanctum, Aegle marmelos, Musa sapientum and ficus
bengalensis are not only considered important from the view point of religion but are also
worshipped as equivalents of Gods and Goddesses.
Upadhye et al. (1997) documented medicinal value of 16 sacred plant species commonly
used for offering and worshipping in a routine practice by the tribal communities of Western
Maharashtra. They discussed the use of leaves of Butea monosperma, Calatropis gigantea,
Flowers of Datura sps Guizotia unhyssinica and fruits of Cucumis callosus in worshipping God
and pointed out the medicinal value of these offsprings.
Pushpangadan (1984) reported the use of magico-religious plants used by doctors to cure
various ailments such as psychological disorder and epilepsy which are believed to be caused by
witches and evil spirits.
As a part of the study on ethnobiology of the tribals of Western Ghats. Lakshmann et al.
(1986) surveyed the social customs of Kotas of Trichigadikokkal of the Nilgiri District and
identified the use of plants such as Achyranthes aspera , Bambusa arundinacea ,cynodom
dactylon and Lonicera leschenoultii in their social functions ceremonies such as attainment of
menarch by girls, child birth, christening the child etc.
The study of Sacred grooves forms yet another important facts of ethnobotany. They
have been described variously as natural museums of giant trees, treasure, houses of threatened
species, dispensaries of medicinal plants, paradise for nature lovers. (Gadgil and Vartak 1975,
vartak and Kumbhojkar 1984, Vartak et al. 1986, Somashekar 1998, Ramanujan 2000).
The system continued mainly because it was insulated by religious sanctions and had
traditional roots. Tribals regard sacred groves as abodes of spiritual beings and prohibited
ordinary activities.
A Sacred grove is called Kary in Kerala. Velupillai (1940) reported about 15,000 Karus
existing prior to 1800 A. D. in the erstwhile Travancore state alone Vertak and Gadgil (1981)
located to sacred groves along the Western Ghats.
These are preserved on religious grounds and their existence is mostly due to certain
taboos, strong beliefs supplemented by mysticism of folklores.
Review of Ethnobotanical Work in Maharashtra:
In Maharashtra, a lot of research work has been done by several botanists including those
who contributed to the floristic study such as Vartak (1959), Purandhar (Santapan, 1953),
Bhimashankar (Jagdale 1994), Bhimashankar and surrounding areas of Khed Taluka
(Tanardhanan 1966), Torna hills (Vartak 1953), Kothari and Moonthy (1992), floristic and
Ethnobotanical studies of Warandha Ghat and adjacent areas of Bhor Taluka, Pune District,
Garud B. D. (2002).
Work on the ethnobotany of Maharashtra, was started after the mid of the last century. A
number of scientists have surveyed and recorded the medicinal plants from the hilly regions of
Pune and neighbouring districts. Vartak (1959) surveyed the medicinal plants from Khed Takua.
Patil M.B, and P.V. Ramajah (2005) ethnomedicines for human skin diseases from Tribal Areas
of Nandurbar district. Malhotra and Moonthy (1973) studied ethnobotany of Chandrapur forest
Vartak and Rekha (1975) studied wild edible plants from Karnala tribal area, Gadgil and Vartak
(1981) started the study on Sacred groves and its relationship towards ethnobotany, Vartak
(1981) recorded 120 wild edible species from hilly regional of Maharashtra and Goa
regionsGhate v (2004) focused on sacred groves and ethnobotany.
Information about the fuel wood, fodder, non-wood and socio-economic plant resources
used by the tribals of Western Maharashtra has been provided by Ghat (1992), Ghat and Sane
(1993),Ghate and Vartak (1996), Ghate et.al (1990). Tribals have used a number of plants as
medicine, which have been recorded by Sharma (1982), Janardhanan (1963), Kulkarni (1968),
Vartak and Madhvgane (1981). Yadav and Bhamare (1989) conducted survey on the
ethnomedico botany of Dhule forest.
Rothe (2005) studied ethnoveternary medicinal plants from Melghat tribal region.for
ethnobiological studies,some information pertaining to ethnomedical studies have also been
observed and found recorded during my field tours of study area at Salher and Mulher villages.
Many wild plants and their products are utilized here by many tribals.
Methodology:
The data illustrated in this work is based on the first hand information report obtained
from tribel and rural people. Area was divided into sectors and periodic visits were conducted,
camping well done whenever required. An ethnobotanical Survey of tribal villages viz. Mulher,
Haranbari, Jamnes pada, Allyabad, Maharde, Waghmba, Salher was done.
Interviews of tribal Mahadev koli, Bhill, Kokana, Warli and medicine men sphepherds
were taken for gathering truthful information on ethnobotanical uses of plants. During field
work, the some local “Adivasi’’ medicine men accompained into forests.
The medicine men keep their secrecy about medicinal uses of plant species and area
where they grow etc. The confirmation of data gathered on ethnomedicinal uses of various plant
species from different villages was done from other villages.Through persistant efforts and
constant motivation over many months during the course of surveys of medicinal plants in
different areas of Baglan tehsil, the information was collected. The medicinal plants were
taxonomically identified using different floras viz. Flora of Yadav & Sardesai (2002), Singh
(2000- 01), Lakshminarasimhon and Prasanna (2001), Almeida (1998 - 2001), Kothari and
Moorthy (1993), photographs of plant and plant parts used were taken. Herbaria were prepared.
General information ( Name of the medicine man, informer, locality rainfall,

temperature, soil types of forests, forest produce used by tribal, forest practices adapted by them,
agriculture, agriculture (crops, agritools, marketing animal husbandry) diet, food and fodders,
deities, festivals, medicines and ailments, treatments, dresses, household equipments, musical
instruments, Surrounding and education etc. were recorded. The data was meticulously entered
in a field note book.
Total plants studied show Ethnobotanical values. These plants were enumerated in
specific manner and arranged in families according to Bentham and Hookers (1862 - 1883)
system of classification.
Tribals of Baglan Tahsil(Salher and Mulher) have distinct traditions, beliefs, dialects
ways of life and unique knowledge about use of plants for various purposes. Therefore, tribals
are considered as main source for Ethnobotanical data collection.
The individual plant specimen is identified by using following key.
1)Botanical name.
2) Family.
3)Local name.
4) Habit.
5)Plant part used.
6) Ethnobotanical uses.
For collecting information the questionnarie was prepared. The questionnarie is as

follow.
Collection No Date
Places
Recorded by
Informer name Sex Age
Local name of plant
Plant parts used
Preparation and uses
Wild Cultivated
Signature of Informer
Objectives of the Research:
1)To survey the tribal areas for documentation of plants used for food, fodder, medicine etc.
2) To study the impact of tribal culture on vegetation.
3) To document the conservation practices among the tribal by investigating the impact of
several myths, sacred groves etc.
4)To document the ethnobotanical data from actual field work and develop a checklist
of tribal names of plants, to study as food, fodder, medicine, veterinary Medicine, in magic
religious ceremonies for sacred purposes etc.
Topography:
The Nashik district is located between latitude 20050 ' and longitudes 75°35' and extend
over the area of 15,537 sq. km.It is bounded on the nortowest by the Dangs and Surat district of
Gujrat state on the north by Dhule district, on the east by Jalgaon and Aurangabad district, on the
south by Ahmednagar and south-west by Thane district of Maharashtra state. District is divided
in to 15 revenue Talukas.
For the sake of convenience the Baglan forest are divided into Satana and Taharabad
forest divisions that are situated at 20°56 ' North Longitude and 74°04' East longitude. Baglan
forests (Satana and Taharabad) are one of the northern sub-divisions, is bounded on the north by
the Pimpalner sub-division of Khandesh on the east Malegaon,on the south by Kalvan, and on
the west by the Gujrat state. Its area is about 619 square miles.
The Western Ghats of Sahyadri range stretches from north to south across the western
portion of the district.The western slope of the Ghats is drained by several rivers, including the
Daman. Ganga River, which drains westwards to the Arabian Sea.
The satmala-Chandwad Range, which turns east and west, forms the chief divide of the
plateau region.Peninsular Indias largest river Godavari originates in the district in the
Trimbakeshwar Range and continues its soujourn eastwards through the district.
The Satmala-Chandwad Range forms a watershed, such that the rivers emerging to its
south drain into the Godavari.Those include the Kadva and Darna both of which are tributaries of
the Godavari. To the month of the satmala-Chandwad Range the Girna River and its tributary,
the mosam, flow eastward through fertile valleys into the TaptiRiver.
The Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple is located in Trambak one of the Twelve Jyotirlingas,
where the Hindu genealogy registers at Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra are kept. The origin of the
sacred Godavari river is near Trimbak.
[MAP I
MAP II
MAP III
MAP IV]
Soil:
The soils of the district are the weathering products of Basalt and have various shades
from grey to black, red and pink colour. The Soils occurring in the district are classified in the
four categories namely Lateritic black soil (kali), brownish black soil (Barad), reddish brown soil
(Mal), Coarse shallow reddish black soil(koral).
In general the soils are very fertile and suitable for growing cereal and pulses.The black
soil contains high alumina and carbonates of calcium and magnesium with variable amounts of
potash, low nitrogen and phosphorous. The red soil is less common and is suitable for
cultivation under a heavy and constistent rainfall.
Rainfall:
Most of the annual rainfall is received from south-west monsoon during the months from
June to September. During May and Octomber, some rainfall in the form of thunder showers also
occurs.
The average annual rainfall is 1000 mm. In general, the rainfall decreases from the west
towards the east due to local topographic variations.
Rainfall mm
June 93 mm
July 126mm
Aug 87mm
Sept. 115mm
Octo. 53mm
Temperature:
The climate is generally hot and dry, the temperature of the region varies between 6.2°C to
42°C. May is the hottest month during which the day temperature reaches up to 42°C in eastern
parts.With the onset of South-West monsoon, day temperature decreases sharply after september.
December is the coldest month, Summer is the driest season when humidity drops down.
Avg
Ian 20. 2 - 28/ 29
Feb 21. 9 -: 28/129
March 25. 9 30/ 31
June 28. 0 31/ 32
Vegetation:
Baglan forest ranges of Nashik district has a wide range of variety of plants. The
vegetation is dry decidous or mixed type, some time scrub forest is also observed during the
investigation. The vegetation is rich in this localities forests are dry decidous situated in
moderate rainfall zone 500 - 750 mm. Trees are stunded. Dry teak forests are found and are
confined to flat and undulating areas,where the depth of soil is good. The forests are open, under
stocked and large grassy areas are often met with due to biotic interference such as illicit felling,
excessive grazing, fire and enchroachments.
Tribes:
Tribes being Varli, Kakana, Thakur, Mahadev koli, Bhil, Pawra and other local people
live in Salher, Mulher and nearby villages. It was observed that during the various field tours that
the varli and Kokana tribes have a good knowledge of plant drugs and they use it
extensively.The main occupation of tribes in these areas is agriculture, which they do without
using modern agricultural equipments. Previously the tribals cultivation was generally a shifting
cultivation, but due to determination of ownership of land, tribals have now continued their
activities to limited land.
In ancient times, they were hunting mainly for food, now it is done only as a custom and
merriment. The tools mostly used are ' Bhala ', ' Dhanush’ Traps etc. The tribals know a number
of natural products, which they gather from cultivation, fruits tuberst, roots leafy vegetables etc.
are eaten raw of cooked.
Tribals equally love fishing and often spend whole day with their families in catening
small quantities for poisoning fish they use their knowledge of wild plants which stuns the fish
momentarily and it floats on water surface and is captured.
Worship of trees:
Trees are not regularly worshipped but certain trees like bel, pipal and umbar are regarded as
sacred. The dry wood of these trees is never used as fuel. The bel trees is not cut. It is stated in
one of the ritual songs of the tribe that the first two creatures in this world had their habitation on
the bel tree In Hindu Shastras, bel is associated with God.The papal,which is Holy tree of
Hindus, is also held in reverence by varli’s, Barambha, one of the tribal spirits, is supposed to
reside on this tree. A twig of the umbar tree is required for the purpose of marriage.
Tribal Deities:
The principal varli deities are Naran dev, Hirva and Himai. Naran dev is the common
tribal God who is consived hot as harmful as the other gods like Hirva. The other aboriginal
tribes in the district such as Dhodias, Dublas and Thakurs also worship Naran dev. A bhagat
identified Naran dev and Satyanarayan of the Hindus.
The only two forms of amusement are the music and the dances, music playing is the art
restricted to few and the dances are reserved for the youngsters, both male and female.
The varli musicians are in great demand at the marriage festivals of the lower class
Hindus in the northern as western parts of the district and nearby area.
The most popular musical instrument of the varlis is the tarpe which is on essential
accompainment to the dances.
Kokana:
The Kokana derive their name from konkan a region of Western India from sea costs to
foothills of Western Ghats. The men wear Dhoti upto Kness, waist coat or shirt and turban on
their head. Women wear colorful sarees below kness or up to toes. The Konkana men and
women often tatoo on their forehead and other parts of their body.
Kokanas resemble varlis in appearance. They are also better cultivators their varlis. Some
of them have lands of their own and produce paddy. A Kokana is reputated to be hard working,
so much so that be eats his meals while ploughing his field. Most of the Kokana girls have a
figure of sweet basil tattooed on their foreheads. Kokanas worship Brahman and Waghdev.
Among the farm produce besides rice, nachni, tur, udid, mung, Khursani etc.
Festivals celebrated by Kokanas are Holi, Diwali, Bhavda and the gods worshiped are the
same as in other tribes.
MAHADEV KOLI:
The Koli people are also called Dongar or Raj Koli. Generally Koli means a fisherman
but the Koli people's primary occupation is agriculture.
The Mahadev Koli derive their name from their God Mahadev and live in the hilly region
and largely distributed in small villages, some of which are in the isolated peaks and rocky cliffs.
They are found mostly in the Pune, Ahmednagar and Nashik districts of Maharashtra. They
speak Marathi and use the Devnagari script.
Their staple food consists of rice, nagli, varai and wheat. Other than agriculture they are
also involved in cattle production, dairy and poultry farming and wage labour as subsidary
occupation, most of the Mahadev Koli follow a number of Hindu traditions.
Bhil or Bheel:
The name of the tribe ‘Bhil’ was derived from the word bhillee, which means bow for
years, the bow has been a characteristic weapon of the tribe, and the men usually carry their
bows and arrows with them. The peoples are experts in handling bows and arrows. The primarily
work as peasant farmers, field labourers and village watehmen.
They speak Bhili, which is an Indo Indo- Aryan language. The Bhis are known to have
fought against the Mughals, Marathas and British. Dance Drama, festivals and music are a large
part of their culture, but unfortunately a lot of alcohol is consumed and these events. People sing
and dance on all occasions expressing their robust spirit of the rich with Legend, folklore and the
eternal experiences of birth, sexual discovery, marriage, death and after-life
TITLE: ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF SALHER AND MULHER FOREST FROM

NASHIK DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)
Botanical Name - Clematis gauriana Roxb.ex.DC

Family - Ranunculaceae
Local Name - Gomati
Habit - Climber
Plant Part Used - Leaves
1)Leaves are rubbed and applied on wounds and skin diseases
Botanical Name - Michelia champaca(L) Baill

Family - Magnoliaceae
Local Name - Chafa
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Flower,Bark,Seed
1)Flower buds are used to treat diabetes

2)Flower juice or oil applied on forehead to treat headache
3)The seeds and fruits are useful for healing crack in the feet.
Botanical Name - Annona aquamosa L.

Family - Annonaceae
Local Name - Sitaphal
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Leaves,Fruits
1)Paste of leaves and dcoration applied on wounds of animals to expel worms.

2)Fresh leaf juice applied over cuts and wounds
Fruits are eaten and sold in local markets
Botanical Name - Annona reticular L

Family - Annonaceae
Local Name - Ramphal
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Seeds,Fruits,Leaves
1)Seeds are crushed in water and the paste is applied externally on animals to remove ticks and
mites
2)Wood is used to timber
Botanical Name - Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels

Family - Menispermaccae
Local Name - Vasanvel
Habit - Shrub
Plant Part Used - Leaves,Stem
1)Crushed leaves applied on forehead to cure headache and on burn skin.

2)Stem piece tie with black and red thread around the arm to reduce body heat.
Botanical Name - Cissampelos pareira L.

Family - Menispermaceal
Local Name - Pahadvel
Habit - Climber
Plant Part Used - Roots
1)Root extract is applied to heal the wound
Botanical Name - Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.)Miers

Family - Menispermaccae
Local Name - Gulvel
Habit - Climber
Plant Part Used - Stem,Root
1)Stem pieces are tied around neck in jaundice.

2) Dried stem powin luckwarm water in scorpion sting
3)Root decoration given twice a day in fever.
Botanical Name - Argemone maxicana L.

Family - Papaveraceae
Local Name - Vilayat
Habit - Herb
Plant Part Used - Seeds
1)Seed paste applied on affected tooth
Botanical Name - Cardamine trichocarpa Hochst.ex.A.Rich

Family - Brassicaceae
Local Name - Ran-gavar
Habit - Herb
Plant Part Used - Leaves,Pods
1)Leaves and pods are cooked and used as vegetable.
Botanical Name - Capparis zeylanica L.

Family - Capparaceae
Local Name - Waghoti
Habit - Climber
Plant Part Used - Leaf,Fruits
1)Leaf paste applied on neck to treat sore throat.

2)Leaf decoration also given in sore throat.
3)Fruits are sliced and kept over night in water and used as vegetable.
Botanical Name - Portuluca oleracea L.

Family - Portulacaccea
Local Name - Motiluni
Habit - Herb
Plant Part Used - Leaves,Shoot
1)Leaves and young shoots are used as vegetable.
Botanical Name - Abelmoscus ficulneus (L.) Wight&Arn.

Family - Malvaceae
Local Name - Ranbhendi
Habit - Shrub
Plant Part Used - Root,Fruits
1)Root paste applied on injuries.

2)Fruits are cooked as vegetable.
Botanical Name - Adansonia digitata L.

Family - Malvaceae
Local Name - Gorakhchinch
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Fruit pulp.
1)White pulp with honey is used to cure chronic cough in children.

2)Pulp is applied on joint pains.
3)Lemon sarbat is prepared and pulp is mixed and given in acidity.
Botanical Name - Hibiscus cannainis L.

Family - Malvaceae
Local Name - Ambadi
Habit - Shrub
Plant Part Used - Whole plant,Leaves
1)Fibres obtained are used to prepareropes and nets.

2)Flowers and leaves are cooked and used as vegetable.
Botanical Name - Sida acuta Burm.f.

Family - Malvaceae
Local Name - Chikana
Habit - Herb
Plant Part Used - Stem
1)Stem pieces are used as tooth brush to remove bad breath.

2)Broom is made with bunch of dried stems.
Botanical Name - Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A.Gibson

Family - Malvaceae
Local Name - Chopada bhendi
Habit - Herb
Plant Part Used - Leaves,Bark,Stem
1)Leaf paste applied on inflamed and swollen joints.

2)Bark decoction is used to clean wounds to heal fast.
3)Twigs are used as tooth brush that removes bad breath.
Botanical Name - Thespesia populnea (L.)Sol.ex Correa

Family - Malvaceae
Local Name - Paras pimpal
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Leaves , Sap , Wood
1)The leaf sap is used externally for skin diseases.

2)Wood is used for making furniture.
3)Leaves used as folder
Botanical Name - Bombax ceiba L.

Family - Bombacacceae
Local Name - Savar
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Gum , Wood
1)Decoction of gum is prepared along with sugar and used as tonic.

2)Wood is used to make plant and tied to fractured hand or leg.
Botanical Name - Helicteris isora L.

Family - Sterculiaceae
Local Name - Murudsheng
Habit - Shrub
Plant Part Used - Pods
1) Pod extract is given as a tonic to small babies and weak children.

2)Paste of pods given to childrens twice a day to cure stomachache.
3)Pod extract given twice a day in dysentry.
Botanical Name - Grewia tiliaefolia L.

Family - Tiliaceac
Local Name - Dhaman
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Fruits
1)Ripe Fruits are eaten by locals.

Botanical Name - Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Family - Rutaceac
Local Name - Bel
Habit - Tree
Plant Part Used - Leaf,Fruits
1)Leaf juice is applied on snake bite and leaves are given to chewing.
2)Young fruit is crushed and a pinch of turmeric powder is added and applied externally in case
of pimples.
3)Fleshy pant of ripened fruit eaten effective in dysentry.
4)Leaves offered to worshiping Lord Shiva.
Botanical Name − Citrus medica L.

Family − Rutaceae
Local Name − Limbu
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit
1)Fruit juice with leaf juice of ocimum sanctum given twice a day for 2-3 days in dysentry.
2)Fruit juice with sugar and edible soda given in indigestion.
3)Fruit juice with salt and cold water given for body heat and sunstroke.
4)Fruit juice applied on scalp and on hairs to remove dandruff.
5)Fruits are pickled.
Botanical Name − Feronia lemonia L.

Family − Rutaceae
Local Name − Kavath
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Fruits.
1)Leaf juice with lukewarm water given to childrens suffering from stomach problems.
2)Leaf extract is given once or twice in acidity.
3)Ripe fruits eaten by locals specially on "Mahashivratri".
Botanical Name − Murray koenigii.(L.) sprengle

Family − Rutaceae
Local Name − Kadipatta
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves
1) Leaves are directly given to eat to treat intestinal worms.

2)Leaves are used in cooking.
Botanical Name − Tribulus terestris L.

Family − Zygophyllaceae
Local Name − Gokharu
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Fruits
1)The fruits are powderd and mixed with milk and given in sexual abnormilities.
2)Fruits are powderd and used in bladder stones and urinary troubles.
Botanical Name − Balanities roxburghii Planch.

Family − Balannitaceae
Local Name − Hinganbhet
Habit − Tree
1)Fruit powder is given twice a da in cough,cold and fevers.
Botanical Name − Boswellia serrata Triana & Planch

Family − Burseraceae
Local Name − Salai
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark,Gum,Resin,Wood
1)Bark paste applied on affected joints and weight bearing joints such as knees,feet and spine.
2)Gum,resin combined with coconut oil is applied to swellings,bolls and ringworm.
3)Wood is used for fuel and as a cheap furniture.
Botanical Name − Garuga pinnata Roxb.

Family − Burseraceae
Local Name − Kakad
Habit − Tree
1)Fruits are edible and pickled.
Botanical Name − Azadiracta indica A.Juss.

Family − Meliaceae
Local Name − Nimb
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Bark,Stem
1)The leaf juice is applied on honey bee sting.
2)Bark paste with coconut oil applied for unhealthy wounds and burns
3)Leaves are crushed and applied on affected skin diseases.
4)Twigs are used like tooth brush.
5)Leaves are used as insects repellent.
Botanical Name − Melia dubia L.

Family − Meliaceae
Local Name − Nimbara
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Bark
1)Warmed leaves are tied in joint pains.

2)Bark extract given twice a day to expel intestinal worms.
Botanical Name − Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Family − Simaroubaceae
Local Name − Maharuksh
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark
1)Bark with bark of Madhuca longifolia and bark of Morringa oleifera is taken in equal
proportion and extraction is prepared and given once a day in painful menustrual cycle.
Botanical Name − Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Family − Celastraceae
Local Name − Malkanguni
Habit − Climbing Tree
Plant Part Used − Seed
1)Seed oil is prepared and applied on joint pains and rheumatism.
Botanical Name − Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

Family − Rhamnaceae
Local Name − Bor
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Fruits,Wood
1)Leaves used as fodder

2)Wood is used as fuel and for agricultural implements.
3)Fruits eaten by locals.
4)Seeds are broken and internal material eaten by chidrens.
Botanical Name − Ziziphus oenoplia (L.)Mill.
Local Name − Borkati
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Twigs
1)Leaves are chewed and applied on wounds.

2)Twigs are used in pre-wedding ceremonies and worship by local peoples.
Botanical Name − Ziiphus xylocarpus mill.

Local Name − Ghat bor
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Fruit , leaves,Wood
1)Fruits are crushed and the powder mixed in a glass of water and given to treat urinary
disorders.
2)Leaves are used as fodder.
3)Wood is used to make agricultural implements and for domestic purpose.
Botanical Name − Cissus quadrangularis L.

Family − Vitaceae
Local Name − Had sandhi
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Stem
1)Infusion is prepared from stem pieces and a cup of infusion is given to reduce jointache.
2)Stem paste is applied on fractured part or swollen part and tied with cotton cloth.
Botanical Name − Cyphostema auriculatum

Family − Vitaceae
Local Name − Kali vel
Habit − Climber
1) Bark decoction is given as an antidote for snake bite
Botanical Name − Cardiospermum helicacabum L.

Family − Sapindaceae
Local Name − Kapalphodi
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaf juice is applied on fresh injury to stop bleeding
2) Leaves are used as vegetable.
Botanical Name − Sapindus laurifolis L.

Family − Sapndaceae
Local Name − Ritha
Habit − Tree
1) Fruits are boiled in water and applied on scalp to wash hair,to remove dandruff , to improve
shine of hairs.
Botanical Name − Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Family − Anacardiaceae
Local Name − Modhal
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Gum,Leaves
1)Gum is diluted in water and taken orally in leucorrhoea

2)Leaf juice is given early in the morning and evening before meal for 4-5 days in piles.
Botanical Name − Magnifera indica L.

Local Name − Amba
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark,Fruit,Wood
1) Bark powdr is boiled in goat urine and decotation is given to reduce the effect of jaundice.
2)The dried stem bark is brunt into ash , and mixd inn coconut oil and applied on wounds twice
a day.
3)Branches are used on pre-wedding ceremonies and on the occasion of ''Bail Pola'' leaves are
tied in thread and hanged on door.
4)Fruits are eaten and pickled.
Botanical Name − Semecarpus anacardium L.F.

Local Name − Bhilava
Habit − Tree
1)Hypocarp of unripe fruits are eaten in dysentry.

2)Ripen fruits are heated and the fleshy part is placed with needle to expel out pierced thorn.
3)Fruits are used to heal wounds and foot cracks.
Botanical Name − Woodina woodler Roxb.
Local Name − Amada
Habit − Tree
1)Fruit pulp is used to make Sharbat and given to reduce fever.
Botanical Name − Morringa concanesis Lam.

Family − Moringaceae
Local Name − Ranshevaga
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark,Leaves,Pods
1)Bark paste heated and bandaged to paralysed leg or hand for 15-20 days.
2)Flowers and pods are used as vegetable.
Botanical Name − Morringa oleifera Lam.

Family − Morringaceae
Local Name − Shevaga
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,pods,flowers.
1)Moringa leaves rubbed against any temple may releive server headache.
2)Leaf extract applied to insect bites,wounds , fungal and bacterial skin problems.
3)Pods are boiled in water with salt and turmeric and given to weak children and people
suffering from joint paints.
Botanical Name − Abrus precatorius L.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Gunj
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves are eaten raw for cough and sore throat.

2)Leaf extract given to purify blood.
Botanical Name − Alysicarpus regosus (Wild.DC)

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Shevara
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Whole Plant
1)Plant is used as fodder for domestic animals.
Botanical Name − Butea monosperma (Lam.)Taub.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Palas
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Flowers,pods,leaves
1)Decoction is prepared from seeds and used to treat sunstroke and retention.
2)The paste of steamed flowers applied on stomach to treat paining in urination and unclear
urine.
3)Flowers are used to make natural colour at the time of holi festival.
4)Leaves are used for making plates,cups,topali and for thatching.
5)Ghongadi made by leaves and Bamboo strips.
6)Root are soaked in water and squash to make Chaura that is used to tie on ox horns on the
occasion of Bail Pola.
Botanical Name − Clitoria ternatea L.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Gokarn
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Roots,Flower
1)Root powder mixed in water and given in high blooding and paining in menstrual cycle.
2)Flowers are worship to Lord Shiva.
Botanical Name − Crotolaria juncea L.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Tag
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Root,Bark,Stem
1)Root decoction given twice a day in measles.

2)Bark fibre & stem used for making ropes.
Botanical Name − Delbergia sisoo Roxb.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Shisam
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Wood
1)Leaves crushed and applied on skin to eliminate skin eruptions.

2)Wood is used for making furniture and agricultural implements.
3)Wood is used to make musical instruments ''Sambhal''
Botanical Name − Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Ranmethi
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf Paste made in water and applied on forehead to reuce high fever.
Botanical Name − Desmodium oojenense (Roxb.) H.Ohashi

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Tivas
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Wood,Gum
1)Wood is highly valued for making agricultural implements , bullockcarts.

2)Gum is used as medicine for dysentry.
Botanical Name − Erythrina variegata L.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Pangara
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark,Wood
1)Wood is used for hut construcion.

2)In joint pains inner bark is made warm over fire & kept on joints to reduce arthritis.
Botanical Name − Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Undirmari
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves are crushed and paste is used to wash livestocks to remove external parasites.
Botanical Name − Indigofera tinctiria L.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Nil
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaf paste made with coconut oil or sisam oil and applied over joints.
Botanical Name − Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Khaj-kuiri
Habit − Climbing shrub
Plant Part Used − Seed,Woody Stem
1)Seed powder mixed in honey and given in the morning to improve sexual impotency.
2)Climbers is used for typing purposes when not in fruiting.
Botanical Name − Paracalyx scariosus (Roxb.)Ali

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Ranghevada
Plant Part Used − Root
1)Root paste boiled and given orally in cough.
Botanical Name − Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Karanj
Habit − Tree
1)Seed oil is applied on affected skin and rheumatism.

2)Leaf decoction given for cough cold and diarrhea.
Botanical Name − Pterocarpus marsipium Roxb.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Papadi / Asan
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Gum,Bark
1)Gum boiled in water given twice a day to women for treating excess bleeding during
menustruation
Botanical Name − Samanea saman F.Muell.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Shirish
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves used as fodder.
Botanical Name − Tephrosie purpurea (L.) Pers.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Unhal
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Leaves,seeds
1)Plant paste warmed and applied on joints to reducepain

2)Leaves and seeds are used as fish poison.
Botanical Name − Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Ranmug
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Tuber
1)Young leaves and youg pods are cooked and used as vegetable.
2)Tubers are boiled and roasted and given to eat for good health.
3)Leaf paste is applied on swellings and jonts.
Botanical Name − Vigna capiensis (L.)Walp.

Family − Fabaceae
Local Name − Halunda
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Seeds
1)Seeds are boiled and eaten by tribals
Botanical Name − Bauhinia racemosa Lam.

Family − Caesalpinaceae
Local Name − Apta
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Bark , Fruit
1)Fruit juice and leaf juice applied on scorpion sting

2)Leaves are eaten raw in fever and headache.
3)Leaves used for making beedies.
4)Bark paste warmed and apllied on stomach region to treat stomach ache.
Botanical Name − Cassia Fistula L.

Local Name − Bahava
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit,Leaves
1)Fruit pulp along with breast milk given to new born babies for constipation.
2)Crushed leaf paste applied in skin problems.
Botanical Name − Caesalpina bonduc (L.) Roxb

Local Name − Sagargota
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Seeds
1)Seed endosperm is crushed with Ajwain in water and given in ulcer and digestion.
Botanical Name − Cassia tora (L.)Roxb

Local Name − Tarota
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaves are warmed and applied on swelling parts of body.
Botanical Name − Cassia occidentalis (L.) Link

Local Name − Tarvad
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Root,seed
1)Mixture of root and seed paste is applied on scalp sores of babies.
Botanical Name − Hardwickia binata Roxb.

Local Name − Anjan
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves are used as fodder for cows and buffaloes that improves lactation and milk
qaulity.
2)Wood is used as a fuel.
Botanical Name − Piliostigma foveolatum (Dalzell) Thoth.

Local Name − Chamoli
Habit − Tree
1)Paste made from bark , heated and externally applied at stomach applied at stomach
region in stomach pain.
2)Leaves are used to make dishesh.
Botanical Name − Tamarindus indica L.

Local Name − Chinch
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Fruit
1)Gummy pulp around the seeds is eaten and used in curries.

2)Infusion is prepared from gummy pulp and given in indigestion.
3)Seeds are eaten.
Botanical Name − Acacia catechu (L.F)Wild.

Family − Mimosaceae
Local Name − Khair
Habit − Tree
1)Bark paste with coconut oil is applied on whte spots on skin

2)Powder is used to cure tooth-ache.
3)Timber is used for construction and furniture.
Botanical Name − Acacia nilotica Lam.

Local Name − Babhul
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Gum, Branch , Seeds,Pods
1)Seed powder is given for brushing in toothache.

2)Paste made from inner bark is applied on wounds.
3)Gum is edible and used in preparation of Laddu.
4)Pods and leaves used as fodder.
5)Wood is used as fuel and for making agricultural implements.
Botanical Name − Acacia sinuata (Lour.)Merr.

Local Name − Shikakai
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Pods
1)Pods are boiled in water and foam is used to wash hairs.

2)Pods used as fish poison.
Botanical Name − Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib.

Local Name − Chilar
1)Bark decoction is given in snake bite.

2)Bark powder is used as fish poison.
Botanical Name − Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

Local Name − Shirish
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark,Wood
1)Bark extract given twice a day in dysentry.

2)Wood is used as a good timber for making huts.
Botanical Name − Albizia procera Durazz.

Local Name − Kinhay / Safed shirish
Habit − Tree
1)Bark powder used for fish capturing.
Botanical Name − Leucaena glauca (Lam.) de Wit.

Local Name − Subabhul
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves are used as fodder.

2)Wood is used as fuel.
Botanical Name − Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)Benth.
Local Name − Vilayati Chinch
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark, Fruit
1)Bark paste applied externally at the site of scorpion sting.

2)The sweet and juicy part surrounds the seed is favourite of children.
Anogeisus latifolia (Roxb.ex DC.)exGuill

Botanical Name − &Perr.
Family − Combretaceae
Local Name − Dhamoda
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Gum,Bark,Seed.
1)Bark paste warmed and applied at paralysed body parts.

2)Seed powder is boiled and decoction is used for cattle or domestic animals bath or
sprayed in cattle shed.
3)Gum is used as nuttritive tonic.
4)The bark is used to treat wounds and skin diseases.
Botanical Name − Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Lam.ex Poir.

Family − Combretaceae
Local Name − Ukshi
1)Leaves are burn and the ash mixed in coconut oil and applied on burns and wounds.
2)Woody stem powder applied around the neck of cattles to expel parasitic flies.
___________________________________________________*-
__________________________
Botanical Name − Terminate Bellerica ( Gaertn.) Roxb.

Family − Combretaccae
Local Name − Behada
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Bark
1)Fruits with fruits of Syzygium Cumini are powdered and decoetion is

siven in diabetes and acidity
2) Fruits are used in preperation of churna with Therminalia Chubula and
Terminalia Crenulata
3) Back extract applied externally at the site of scorpion sting.
Botanical Name − Terminalia catappa L.

Local Name − Badam
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Kernels
1)Leve juice applied externally in slain problems.

2)Kernels are
eaten
Botanical Name − Terminalia chebila Retz.

Local Name − Hirada
Habit − Tree
1)Fruits powder is kept on cavities in toothache.

2)Unripe fruits juice applied on wound and injuries.
3)Fruits are chewed in cough.
Botanical Name − Terminalia arjuna ( Roxb.) Wight & Arm

Local Name − Sadada
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Gum, Wood
1)Gum is used as
tonic
2)Timber is used in making furniture and house building.
Botanical Name − Psidium Guajava L.

Family − Murtaccae
Local Name − Peru
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Fruits
1)Decoction of leaves given twice a day in cough.

2)Fruits are
edible.
Botanical Name − Eucallptus Globulus Labill
Local Name − Nilgiri
Habit − Tree
1)Oil is ertracted from leave and droff off in ear to treat earache.
Botanical Name − Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Local Name − Jambhul
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Seed
1)Fruits juice with water given in kidney stone and diabetes.

2)Seed powder is mired in Bajara flour and warmed and given to
paralysed person.
Syzygium Heyneanum ( Duthie) Wall Ex.

Botanical Name − Gamble.
Local Name − Chota Jambhul
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Leaves
1)Fruits juice is given to improve blood percentage in the body.

2)Leave are crushed and decoction is prepared and given in diabetes.
Botanical Name − Careya Arborea Roxb

Family − Lecythidiaccae
Local Name − Kummbhi
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Bark
1)Fruit juice given to animals in stomach sudling

2)Bark extract is given in piles for is days.
Botanical Name − Lawsonia Inermis L.

Family − Lythraccae
Local Name − Mehandi
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves are made into paste applied on feets and palm to reduce body
heat.
2)Leaves used as dye for hands, feet and hairs.
Botanical Name − Lagerstromia Parviflora Roxb

Family − Lythroccae
Local Name − Bondara
Habit − Tree
1)Leaf pouttice is applied on cracked feet.

2)Wood is used as timber.
Botanical Name − Woodfordia Fruiticasa (L.) Kurz.

Family − Lythraccae
Local Name − Dhayati
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Roots
1)Root extract with roots of Helicteris isora is given as on antidote in

snake site.
Botanical Name − Carica Papaya L.

Family − Caricaccae
Local Name − Papai
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Latex, Leaf
1)Latex is placed on buccal eavity in toothache.

2)Leaf juice is given to cure dengue.
3)Raw fruits are given for birth control.
4)Leaf extract is given to increase the number of platelets.
Botanical Name − Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

Family − Cucurbitaccae
Local Name − Shivlingi
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Seed
1)Fruit juice is given with water in stomach swelling.

2)Seed extract is taken once a day for 2-3 days during dysentery.
Botanical Name − Cucurbita pepo L.
Local Name − Kohala
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Fruit
1)Leaves are applied externally on burn skin.

2)Decoction is prepared from fruit pulp and given in intestinal
inflammation
Botanical Name − Rostrata – (Rottl.) Cong

Family − Cucurbitaceae
Local Name − Mirchi kand
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Tuber
1)Tuber is given to eat as an anticlote in snake bite.
Botanical Name − Lagenaria Siceraria (Molina Standl.)

Local Name − Dudhi Bhopala
Habit − Climber
1)Dried scooped is used to carry water and for storage purposes in

houses.
2)Dried scooped is used for musical instruments and for home
appliances.
Botanical Name − Mukia muderaspuntane (L.) M. Roem.

Local Name − Bilavi
Habit − Climbing heab
1)Ash of dried leaves is mired in coconut oil and paste is applied on to

injuries caused due to mud or water
Botanical Name − Trichosanthus tricuspidata Lour

Local Name − Kaudal
Habit − Climber
1)Seed powder mixed in water, given once a day for five days after
menses as contraceptive
Botanical Name − Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban

Family − Apiaccae
Local Name − Brahmi
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Whole plant
1)Plant extract is given with cow milk regularly as a brain tonic

2)Leaf juice is given to childrens for 2-3 days in dysentery and diarrhea.
3)Leaf paste applied in skin diseases.
Botanical Name − Heracleum grande L.

Family − Apicuseae
Local Name − Batali
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Roots, Fruits
1)Roots are mixed in Bajara floor and given in cough and cold.
2)Root infusion is taken once a day for 2-3 days during stomachache and
gas problems.
3)Tablets are prepared from fruits with Bajara flour and given in many
diseases.
Botanical Name − Pimpinella heyneana (DC>) Benth

Family − Apiaceae
Local Name − Dongar Jira
Habit − Herb
1)Roots are given to chew to cure cough, cold and sore throat.
2)Roots are crushed mixed in Bajara flour & given to sure unknown
diseases.
Botanical Name − Mitragyna parviflora (Robx.) korth

Family − Rubiaccae
Local Name − Kalamb
Habit − Tree
1)Leaf paste applied on tumor till cure
Botanical Name − Meyna laxiflora Robuns

Family − Rubiaceae
Local Name − Aaval
Habit − Tree
1)The illed person lost their food taste so to improve food taste, fruits are
eaten.
2)Leaves are chewed top theat abdominal swelling
3)Ripe fruits are eaten by villagers and pickled
Botanical Name − Lagasca molls Cav

Family − Asteraceae
Local Name − Zarvad
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf
1)Leaf paste is applied on swelling body part.
Botanical Name − Bidens biternata L.

Family − Asteracare
Local Name − I
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf juice is drop off in ear to treat ear ache
Botanical Name − Launea procumbens Roxb.

Local Name − Pathari
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf decoction given in abdominal collie

2)Roots are crushed and kept on tooths for 2-3 days in tooth ache.
Botanical Name − Senecio aurea (L.) A.& D. Leave

Local Name −
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Roots
1)Roots are soaked in water and given as cooling agent to remove heat
from body.
Botanical Name − Tridax procumbens L.

Local Name − Ghavati
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves are crushed and juice is applied on fresh injuries. For wound
heading.
Botanical Name − Xanthium strumarium L.

Local Name − Landega
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf paste is applied top treat animal wounds with worms in it.
Botanical Name − Zinia peruviana (L.) L.

Local Name − Sontaka
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Stem
1)Leaves and stem used in skim diseases.

2)If wound is caused by an iron or metal leaf paste is applied on wounds.
Botanical Name − Plumbago zeylanica L.

Family − Plumbogenaceae
Local Name − Chitrak
Habit − Herb
1)Bark of Plumbago zeylanica, Holoptelia integrifolla and and Tectona

grandis is rubbed and bandaged on joint pains.
Botanical Name − Embelia Ribes Burm. F
Family − Myrsinaceae
Local Name − Aambati
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Rhizome, Roots
1)Rhizome and roots are crushed into paste and taken orally with honey
and ghee for blood purification.
Botanical Name − Madhuca lonsifolia (S.konig) J.F. Maebr

Family − Sapotaceae
Local Name − Moha
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Flowers, Bark, Latex
1)Extract of dried flowers applied on scalp to promote hair growth.

2)Bark decoction is given to cure intestinal worms.
3)In joint points bark paste warmed and applied
4)Latex is applied on foot eracks
Botanical Name − Manikara hexandra (Roxb.)

Family − Sapotaceae
Local Name − Khirni
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Bark
1)Bark decoction is used to cure fever and stomach disorders.

2)Fruit is edible.
Botanical Name − Diopyrous melanoxylon Roxb.

Family − Ebenaceae
Local Name − Tembhurni
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Leaves, Wood
1)Fruit pulp mixed in water and used as lotion to cure eye disease in
catties.
2)Wood is burnt and smoke is passed over the body of woman for easy
delivery and good heath.
3)Wood is a good timber and fuelwood
Botanical Name − Diopyrous Montana Roxb.
Family − Ebenaceae
Local Name − Pali, Khudal
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Leaves
1)Fruits and leaves are crushed and poured in ponds and taken for
stufyfying fishes.
Botanical Name − Jasminum Grandiflorum L.

Family − Oleaceae
Local Name − Jai
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaf paste applied internally in mouth to cure mouth ulcers
Botanical Name − Carrisa congesta L.

Family − Apocynaceae
Local Name − Karvand
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Latex
1)Latex drop is applied on urinogenital opening in burning sensation

during urination.
2)Fruits are
edible.
Botanical Name − Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Dam

Local Name − Sadafuli
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf infusion is given once a day in menstrual complaint.
Botanical Name − Hemidesmue Indicus (L.) R.Br

Local Name − Anantmul
Habit − Herb
1)Root extract given orally for lactation.
Botanical Name − Wrightra Tinetoria (Roxb.) R.Br.

Local Name − Kala-Kuda
Habit − Tree
1)Bark is rubbed is small childrens urine and paste is applied on legs to

cure rheumatism.
2)Bark extract with helicteris isore, fruits given twine a day in dysentery
and stomach pain.
3)Stem bark extract used for animals in the treatment of Antrax.
Botanical Name − Calatropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton

Family − Asclepediaceae
Local Name − Rui
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Latex, Stem
1)Leaves are gently heated applied on chest to cure cough and cold and
on stomach in stomachache.
2)Leaves are warmed applied on impure blood glands to remove pus.
3)Dry stems are smoke like cigarette in headache.
Botanical Name − Ceropegia Mahabalie Hemadri

Local Name −
Habit − Herb
1)Tuber is eaten raw for night blindness.

2)Tuber is known as good for health.
Botanical Name − Cryptolepis buchnani Roem & Schutt

Local Name − Kahandol
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Latex
1)Latex is applied on glands to remove pus.

2)Leaf paste with mustard oil is applied on bone fracture.
Botanical Name − Cordia dichotoma G.Forst
Family − Boranginaceae
Local Name − Bokhar
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Bark, Fruits
1)Ripe fruits are boiled in water and given to treat kidney stone.
2)In painful menstruation bark extract with bark of Ficus recemosa, Ficus
bengalensis prop roots given twice a day.
3)Raw fruits pickled.
Botanical Name − Paracaryopsis Coelestima ( Lindley ) R.R.Mill.

Local Name − Nisurdi
Habit − Herb
1)Root infusion is given in stomach pain.

2)Roots are used as vegetable and specially given in bile problems
Botanical Name − Trichodesma Indicum (L.) R.Br.

Local Name − Chota Kulpa
Habit − Herb
1)Root paste applied to reduce swelling and reduce joint pain.
Botanical Name − Argyreia nervosa (Burm.F.) Bojer.

Family − Convolvulaceae
Local Name − Samudrashoka
Habit − Climber
1)Decoction made from tuber and given in irregular menstrual cycle.

2)Tuber is warmed and gently applied in swelling and inflammation in
thighs
Botanical Name − Ipomea Mauritiana, Jaca

Local Name − Dudhvel
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Tuber, Leaves, Root
1)Tuber extract given to women and cattle to increase milk flow.

2)Leaves and root paste used externally to treat breast infections in
cattles.
Botanical Name − Ipomea Auamoclit L.

Local Name − Ganeshvel
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Whole plant, Leaves
1)Juice of whole plant given in piles.

2)Leaf juice is applied on boils.
Botanical Name − Ipomea sasitifolia Burm.F

Local Name − Gogveli
Habit − Climber
1)Leaves are boiled & paste is applied to swelling.

2)Leaves are given to chewed in snakebite.
Botanical Name − Datura matel L.

Family − Solanaceae
Local Name − Dhatura
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves ste
1)Fresh leaf paste applied in skin disease & swelling.

2)Crushed stem kept on affected tooth in toothache.
Botanical Name − Physalis minima L.

Local Name − Chirmuth
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Berry,Whole plant
1)Ripe, red berries eaten by locals.

2)Entire plant is used as fooder.
Botanical Name − Solanum ansuivi Lam.

Local Name − Jangli Wanga
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Root,Bark,Fruits
1)Fruits are crushed ,boiled in water & given as an antidots for snakebite.
2)Bark extract is given for dog bite.
Botanical Name − Solanum Surrattense L

Local Name − Ringani
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf ,Flower
1)Leaf and flower decoction is prepared and given as antidote for shake
bite.
2)Dry seeds are socked in water and mixed with coconut oil and applied
externally on chicks in toothache.
Botanical Name − Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Local Name − Ashwagandha
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Root, Leaf
1)Leaf paste is applied on sprains and rheumatism.

2)Root paste applied for healing wounds.
Botanical Name − Nicandra Physalodes (L.) Gaertn

Local Name − Papati
Habit − Climber herb
1)The tender leaves are boiled, chopped and cooked with Amaran thus
Spinosus and used as vegetable
Botanical Name − Asystacia Dalzelliana, Santapau.Kew Bull.

Family − Scrophulariaceae
Local Name − Nilkanthi
Habit − Herb
1)Sap is applied to swellings and to treat rheumatism.
Botanical Name − Verbascum Chimese, L.

Family − Scrophulariaceae
Local Name − Kutaki
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Seeds
1)Powder of leaves and seeds given twine a day in cupful of water for
piles.
Botanical Name − Biophytum Sensitivum (L.) Dc

Family − Oxalidaceae
Local Name − Jangli lajalu
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves of lajalu and seeds of groundnut are crushed and eaten by

pregnant woman as diuretic.
Botanical Name − Dolichondrone falcata, Seem.

Family − Bibgnonaceae
Local Name − Medshingi
Habit − Tree
1)Fruit powder is taken once a day for 2-3 days during stomachache.
2)Fruit juice is taken twice a day for abortion.
Botanical Name − Oroxylum indicum , (L.) Benth ex. Kurz.

Family − Bignonaceae
Local Name − Tatu
Habit − Tree
1)Seed paste applied to treat boils and wounds

2)Stem bark is used to treat rheumatism.
Botanical Name − Tecoma castanifolia, D.Don. Molch
Family − Bignonaceae
Local Name − Gaudichavdi
Habit − Tree
1)Leaf infusion given to treat diabetes and stomach pains
Botanical Name − Martynia annua L.

Family − Martyniaceae
Local Name − Vinchvi
Habit − Herb
1)Fruits are rubbed and and decoction is given to drink in mental

disorder.
2)Leaves are applied on tuber culous glands og the neck.
3)Leaf paste is applied at effected parts or injuries of nails.
Botanical Name − Adathoda Vasica L

Family − Acanthaceae
Local Name − Adulsa
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaf juice given orally in cough and fever.

2)Leaves are crushed and wood ash mixed with honey given once a day
in cough
Botanical Name − Carvia Collosa (Nees)

Local Name − Karvi
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Stems
1)Leaf juice is given to cure stomach problems.

2)Stems are used for thatching roots and huts construction
Botanical Name − Barleria prionuitis L

Local Name − Pavali Koranti
Habit − shrub
1)Root powder is used to cure toothache and treat bleeding gums.

2)Leaf juice used to heal wounds and to prevent foot cracking.
Botanical Name − Justicia neesii, T.P.R.amamoorthy

Local Name − Kalmashi
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Shoot
1)The young tender shots are boiled and eaten with salt.
Botanical Name − Clerodendrum Phillipinum, Schauer.

Family − Verbenaceae
Local Name −
Habit − Shrub
1)Root and leaf extract used to treat rheumatism.
Botanical Name − Clerodendrum serratum L.

Family − Acunthaceae
Local Name − Bharangi
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Root, Leaves
1)Root is rubbed and given to small childrens for better tecthing

2)Root decoction is given in cold
3)Leaves are used as vegetable
Botanical Name − Gmelina atborea Roxb.

Local Name − Shivan
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Fruits
1)Leaf paste is applied on forehead to relieve headache

2)Leaf juice is used as wash for ulcers
3)Fruits are edible
Botanical Name − Lantana Camera L.
Local Name − Chameli, Ghaneri
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Stem,Fruits
1)Leaves are crushed and applied on forehead to sure headache and fever
2)Fresh leaf juice applied on injuries
3)Dried stem is used for making but and for fencing
4)Fruits are edible
Botanical Name − Tectona Grandis L.F.

Local Name − Sag
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Wood
1)Leaf decoction is given in yellow urination and burning sensation

during urination, menstrual cycle to reduce palning
2)Umbrella made by leaves and Bamboo strips
3)Wood is used for making agriculture implements and for furniture
4)Wood is used to make musical instrument “Dhol and Sambhal”
Botanical Name − Vitex negundo L

Local Name − Nirgudi
Habit − Tree
1)Leaves boiled and kept over body part for muscular pain and joint pain.
2)Fruits used as soap .
Botanical Name − Leonitis Nepetifolia (L.) R.Br

Family − Lamiaceae
Local Name − Dipmal
Habit − shrub
Plant Part Used − Flowers
1)Inflorescence is crushed mixed with groundnut oil and applied on the

wound
Botanical Name − Leucas Indica (L.) R.Br.

Local Name − Tumbi
Habit − Herb
1)Plant ash mixed in coconut oil and applied on skin diseases.
Botanical Name − Lavandula Bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze

Local Name − Nilap gonda
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves are finally crushed, the juice is filtered and pour in ear to cure
earache.
Botanical Name − Mentha pipertia L

Local Name − Pudina
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Flower
1)Fresh leaves are crushed and applied on all over the body in jaundice
2)Leaf paste applied over forehead to cure headache.
Botanical Name − Ocimum amerieanum L.

Local Name −
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Flowers
1)Leaf and in florescence decoction are used for coughs

2)Leaf paste is applied on skin diseases, wounds and burns
3)Leaves are made into paste and applied on chest for respiratory
problems
Botanical Name − Ocimum basilicum L.

Local Name − Ran-tulas
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf juice and citrus juice taken twice a day in dysentery
2)Leaf juice applied as lotion for skin infection
Botanical Name − Plectranthus Moillis, (Aiton) Spreng.

Local Name − Lal-aghada
Habit − Herb
1)Leaf decoction is given in the treatment of mental retardation

2)Leaf paste is applied on joint paints and rheumatism
Botanical Name − Ocimum sanctum L.

Local Name − Tulas
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Inflorescence
1)Leaves are given to chewed in early morning to cure cough and sore
throat
2)Leaf paste applied over affected body part in scabies
3)Inflorescence is used in preparation of “Prasad: and tea as flavouring
agent
4)Sacred plant, Worship by Hindus.
Botanical Name − Boerhavia diffusa, L.nom.cons

Family − Nyctaginaceae
Local Name − Ounarnava
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Whole plant
1)Whole plant is boiled in water along with powder of black peeper seeds
and a spoon of sugar and decoction is given for kidney stone
2)Leaves are used as vegetable
Botanical Name − Nyctanthes abror tristis L.

Local Name − Parijatak
Habit − Tree
1)Leaf juice along with ginger and honey given thrice a day in cough,
vold and fever.
Botanical Name − Mirabits jalapa L.

Local Name − Gulbakshi
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf, Flowers
1)Leaf paste applied on boils and to reduce inflammation

2)Dye is obtained from flowers
Botanical Name − Achyranthus aspera L.

Family − Amaranthaceae
Local Name − Aghada
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves of Azadiracta Indica and rhizome of ginger are grind together

and juice is extracted in cough and intestinal worms
2)Dried leaves burnt into ash given with honey in cronic cough,
bronchitis and asthma
3)Root paste applied on wound
Botanical Name − Amaranthus Spinosus L.

Local Name − Ketemath
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Stems
1)Plant is used as vegetable

2)The leaves are use to treat skin problems and burns
Botanical Name − Amaranthus Spinosus L.

Local Name −
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves are used as vegetable and specially given to concerous patient
Botanical Name − Amaranthus tricolor L.

Local Name − Mathbhaji
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves and stem are used to make vegetable
Botanical Name − Celocia argentea L

Local Name − Kurdu
Habit − Herb
1)The leaves are useful to cure wound, infected sores, and skin problems
2)Shoots of young plants used as vegetable
Botanical Name − Dendrophthoe falcate, (L.F.) Etingsh

Family − Loranthaceae
Local Name − Bandgul
Habit − Epiphytic
Plant Part Used − Stems
1)‘Tavirt’ is prepared from stem pieces with the combination of bark of

Ficus religiosa, Adiantum, Curcuma neigrinsis, Calathropis Procera and
Michelia champaca.
2)Stem pieces of this species are collected only when it is epiphytic on
Mansifera Indica. They are tied together by thread and placed onto
abdomen of pregnant body to avoid black magic and also tied in the neck
and on arms of small childrens to avoid black magic
Botanical Name − Santalum album L.

Family − Santalaceae
Local Name − Chandan
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Bark
1)Bark powder is used as antiseptic to teat wounds, burns, injuries

2)Leaves and braches are used in funeral programs.
Botanical Name − Bridelia retusa

Family − Eyphorbiaceax
Local Name − Asan
Habit − Asan
Plant Part Used − Tree
1)Bark is used as antiseptic on cuts and wounds.

2)Ripe fults are
edible.
3)Leaves used as fodder
Botanical Name − Croton Bonplandionus Baill.

Family − Euphoriaceax
Local Name − Jangli Tulas
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Laterr, Seed
1)Later is used to head cut and wounds.

2)Seed paste is used to treat ringworm.
Botanical Name − Emblica officinalis L.

Family − Euphorbiaceex
Local Name − Avala
Habit − Tree
1)Fruits are sliced, dried mixed with honey and given in cough.
2)Fruits are pickeled.
Botanical Name − Euphorbia hetenophylla L.

Family − Euphorbiaceax
Local Name − Lal Dudhi
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves are dried and decoction B prepared to treat stomach ache and
gaseous problems.
Botanical Name − Euphorbia Hirta L.

Family − Euphorbiaceex
Local Name − Dudhi
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves.
1)Leaves are used to cune skin problems like itches and burns.
Botanical Name − Euphorbia nerrifoia L.
Family − Euphorbiaceax
Local Name − Saber
Habit − Shrub
1)Extract is prepared from peels of young stem and used to treat ear ache.
Botanical Name − Jatropa Curcus L.

Family − Euphorbiaceae
Local Name − Chandrya
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaf paste applied on skin diseases.

2)Latex is applied on thorn pierce part to reduced pain.
Botanical Name − Jatropa Gassypifolia L.

Family − Euphorbiacear
Local Name − Chandrajyot
Habit − shrub
Plant Part Used − Leaves,seed, stem
1)Oil is applied to leaves, slightly warmed and tied on tumor,

2)Seed paste applied on rheumatism and skin diseases
3)Stem pieces are given to chewed to domestic animals to kill germs in
tooth cavities and to treat stomash disorders.
Botanical Name − Macaranga Pelteta Roxb.Mueller

Local Name − Chand - Diva
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Latex, Leaves
1) Leaves are used to make meal plate.

2)Later is applied on injuries
Botanical Name − Mallotus Phillipensis (Lam.)

Local Name − Lokhandi
Habit − Tree
1)Fruit is mixed with seasame oil and used to treat skin disease like
eczema. And wounds.
Botanical Name − Phyllanthus niruri L.

Local Name − Bhui - avala
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Whole plant, Root
1)Whole plant is crushed and extrac is prepared and given in liver,

kidney, urinary problems.
Botanical Name − Ricinus Communis L.

Local Name − erand
Habit − Shrub
1)Leaves are heated with edible oil and applied in backpain and joint
pains.
2)Leaf paste and slightly heated onion applied over fractured of animals.
3)Seeds are used to make oil and applied over skin problems.
Botanical Name − Synadenium Granti Hook.F.

Local Name − Shend
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Latex
1)Latex is applied on wounds till it gets healed.
Botanical Name − Bochmeria nivea (L.)Goudich.

Family − Urticacear
Local Name − Kapashi
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Leaves,Stem
1)Leaves are used to treet wounds and to remove pus from injuries and
slands.
2)fibre is obtained from inner bark of stem.
Botanical Name − Hdoptelia Integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch.
Family − Ulmaceax
Local Name − Papada
Habit − Tree
1)Bark pawder mixed in coconut oil and applied to treat scabies,

ringwarm.
2)Bark powder and stem pieces are tied around the neck of the cattle for
healing wounds.
Botanical Name − Artocurpus heterophyllus Lam

Family − Moraceae
Local Name − Phanas
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fuits, Wood
1)Ripe Fruits are

eaten
2)Wood is used in making furniture.
Botanical Name − Escus bengalensis L

Family − Moraceae
Local Name − Vad
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Prop roots, Latex
1)prop roots with bark of Cordia dichotoma and ficus racemosa taken in
equal proportion and given in unusual painful menustruation.
2)Aeria roots with gulab jal applial on pimples.
3)Latex is used to healed crack on foots and to reduced swelling and
pains
Botanical Name − Ficus carica L.

Family − Moraceeae
Local Name − Anjir
Habit − Shrub
1)Latex is applied on small outsnowths occur at bottom of feet and on

infections of skin
2)fruits are ecten and helps in digestion
Botanical Name − Ficus exasperate Vahl.

Family − Moracear
Local Name − Bhui – umbar
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Wood, Fruit.
1)Fruit is dried and powered is used to make decoctionand given to treat

sterility in women.
2)Wood ash or charcoal is applied on lesions caused by leprosy and on
wounds.
Botanical Name − Ficus recemosa L.

Family − Moracear
Local Name − Umbar
Habit − Tree
1)Fruts are cooked and given in indigestion.

2)Fruit juice is given in gaseous problems
3)Latex is collected early in the morning and applied on cracks, heals and
prickles.
Botanical Name − Ficus religiosa L.

Family − Moraceac
Local Name − Pimpal
Habit − Tree
1)The tender leaves are made into paste and applied over skin having
black heads, pimples and discolouration.
2)Latex is applied over wounds and bleeding spots to heal wounds and to
control bleeding.
3)A decoction of bark is used to wash skin diseases in animals.
Botanical Name − Ficus virens Aiton

Family − Moraceasc
Local Name − Payar
Habit − Tree
1)Fresh leaves and fruits taken in equal proportion, decoction is prepared
and given to treat diabetes.
Botanical Name − Ficus species

Family − Moraceac
Local Name −
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruits, Bark, Wood
1)Wood is used as Fuel.

2)Bark ash applied on wounds
Botanical Name − Casuarina equisetifolia L

Family − Casuarinaceac
Local Name − Suru
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Wood
1)Wood is used to construct huts and fuel
Botanical Name − Aerides maculosum

Family − Orchidaceac
Local Name − Aamari
Habit − Epiphytic
1)Root infusion given once a day in chronic cough.
Botanical Name − Curcuma Longa. L.

Family − Zingiberaceac
Local Name − Halad
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Rhizome
1)Rhizome pasteand poweder applied on cuts and wounds

2)Rhizome powder applied as antiseptic in dog bite
3)Rhizome powder given with milk to cure throat infection and cough.
Botanical Name − Curcuma Neilgherrensis wight

Family − Zingiberaceae
Local Name − Jangli Halad
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Rhizome, Leaf
1)Rhizome is used to make ‘Tavit’

2)Leafs are eaten raw to cure fever in small childrens.
3)Rhizome powder mixed in water and given orally in fever.
Botanical Name − Curcuma Pseudomontana J. Araham

Family − Zingiberacear
Local Name − Kali Halad
Habit − Herb
1)Decoction of rhizome given to improve blood circulation.

2)Rhizome paste mixed in flour and given in joint pains.
3)Rhizome is used for black. Magic.
Botanical Name − Zingiber Officinale Roscoe.

Family − Zingiberaceae
Local Name − Aale
Habit − Herb
1)Rhizome paste applied on forehead to treat headache.

2)Fresh rhizome is given to chewed for sore throat.
Botanical Name − Opuntia elatior Mill.

Family − Cactaceae
Local Name − Sabar
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Stem
1)Stem paste applied on bone fracture.

2)Stem a paste applied to inflammations of the joints.
3)Fruits are edible
Botanical Name − Ensete superbum Roxb

Family − Musacear
Local Name − Jangli Keli
Habit − Shrub
1)Juice is obtained from fruit cone and given orally to reduced heat from
body.
2)Fruit juice given orally to treat kidney stone
Botanical Name − Musa paradisiacal L

Family − Musacear
Local Name − Keli
Habit − Shrub
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Leaves
1)Fruits are used for constipation in children.

2)Leaves are used to worship onn various occasions.
3)Leaves are used as meal plate.
Botanical Name − Crinum Species casiaticum L.

Family − Amaryllidancear
Local Name − Kumbh
Habit − Herb
1)Leaves are used to cure pimples and body swelling.
Botanical Name − Agave sisalana Perrine

Family − Agavacear
Local Name − Kekti
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Root
1)Root paste applied on old wounds.

2)Ropes and fibres are obtained from leaves and used for typing purposes
in agricultural field and for making various products
Botanical Name − Canna Indica L

Family − Cannacear
Local Name − Kardal
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Rhizome, Leaves
1)Decoction of Rhizome given in fever.

2)Shruby stem and leaves are used for holistic purposes.
Botanical Name − Curcilago Orchiodes Gaertn.
Family − Hypoxidacear
Local Name − Kali Musali
Habit − Herb
1)Root Powder is given with milk in with discharge in menstrual cycle.

2)Root paste applied on injuries and septics
Botanical Name − Dioscorea Bulbifera L.

Family − Dioscoreacear
Local Name − Jaicha-mor
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Infloreescence, Tuber
1)Tubers are cooked and eaten

2)Inflorescence is used s vegetable and sold in local in local markets.
Botanical Name − Dioscorea Pentalylla L

Family − Dioscoreacear
Local Name − Shendvel
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Flowers,Tubers.
1)Leaves, Flowers, Fruits are used as vegetable.

2)Tubers are boiled and eaten
Botanical Name − Allium Cepa L.

Family − Liliacear
Local Name − Kanda
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Bulb,Leaves
1)Bulb Juice with Salt is given in acidity and stomachache.

2)Bulb Paste warmed with oil and applied on swelling part of the body
and kept on thorn piercing place
3)Bulb juice applied on body as cooling effect in fever.
4)Bulb crushed and sniff by nostrilis in fainting.
Botanical Name − Allium Sativum L.

Local Name − Lasun
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Clove
1)Bulb clove are taken regularly to increase sexual potential.

2)Bulb clove rubbed on eyes in eye infection.
Botanical Name − Aloe Vera (L.) Burm.F

Local Name − Korpad
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Leaf Juice
1)Plant juice applied on sting part of honey bee.

2)Fresh leaf juice mixed with ghee and honey and applied on burn skin.
3)Leaf juice applied on hairs to remove dandruff and to improve hair
shine.
Botanical Name − Asparagus Racemosus willd.

Local Name − Shatavari
Habit − Herb
1)Root infusion with sugar given to improve lactation in women and

cattle.
2)Root paste bandaged on swollen pant of the body.
3)Root decoction given in dysentery.
Chlorophytum Borivilianum Santapav &

Botanical Name − R.R.Fern
Local Name − Saged Musali
Habit − Herb
1)Infusion of fresh root given a day in weakness
Botanical Name − Drimia Indica (Roxb)Jessop.

Local Name − Ran Kanda
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Bulb
1)Crushed leaves are heated and kept on stomach to cure stomach ache.
2)Bulb paste applied on boils.
Botanical Name − Iphigenea stellata kunth

Local Name − Bhui Chakra
Habit − Herb
1)Plant Juice with coconut oil dropped in ear to cure earache
Botanical Name − Gloriosa Superba L.

Local Name − Kallavi
Habit − Climber
1)Tuber is fried and given to womens for lactation.
Botanical Name − Asparagus africanus Lam.

Local Name − Asavel
Habit − Climber
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Roots
1)The roots are boiled mix with milk and given to women after child
birth.
2)The leaves are applied on scalp to promote hair growth.
3)Leaves, roots soaked in water and given to treat mental disturbance.
Botanical Name − Borasssus Flabellifer L

Family − Areacacear
Local Name − Tad
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Fruit, Leaves, Sap
1)Wood sap toddy taken as an alcoholic drink.

2)Wood sap is collected early in the morning before sunrise called Nira is
taken and helpful for various problems.
3)Fruits are eaten by local peoples.
4)Leaves are use for making mats, baskets, hand made items and for
thatching of house roofs and walls.
5)The tree trunk used to make small boat.
6)Leaves are used to make musical instrument ‘Tarpa’
Botanical Name − Coccus Nicifera L.

Family − Arecacear
Local Name − Naral
Habit − Tree
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Fruit
1)The husk is used for making ropes, mats.

2)The stiff midribs of coconut leaves are used for making brooms.
3)The woven coconut leaves are used as Pandal. (temporary sheds)
4)A dried half coconut shell are used as bowls or cup.
5)Tender leaves used for decoration during socio-religiosceremonies.
6)Fruit is offered during worship to a Hindu God or Goddess.
Botanical Name − Phoenix Sylvestris L. (Roxb)

Family − Areacacer
Local Name − Khajur, Shindola
Habit − Tree
1)Wood sap fermented into alcohol.

2)Fruits are edible and sold in local markets.
3)The leaves used for making brooms, mats, baskets.
4)Wood is used for making nuts.
Botanical Name − AMorphophallus commutatus (Schott) Engl.

Family − Aracear
Local Name − Mogari Kand
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Tuber, Leaves
1)Tuber paste applied to the persons body who is suffered from ‘Daitis’
2)Leaves are used as vegetable.
3)Tuber is boiled and used as vegetable.
Botanical Name − Arisaema Marrayi (J. Grahan)

Family − Aracear
Local Name − Sarpkan
Habit − Herb
1)Tuber paste applied externally on skin diseases

2)Tubers are boiled or eaten raw
Botanical Name − Colocasis esculenta (L.) Scholt.

Family − Aracear
Local Name − Alu
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Stem, Leaves, Root
1)The leaves are rolled with a paste of gram flour and species and then
steamed. And used as vegetable.
Botanical Name − Cyperus rotundus L.

Family − Cyperacear
Local Name − Lavhala
Habit − Herb
1)Tuber decoction is given to ruduce fever.
Botanical Name − Cymbopogan Citratus (DC.) Stapf

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Gavati Chaha
Habit − Herb
1)Decoction of leaves given twice a day in cold. Fever. And cough

2)Decoction of leaves given once a day in diarrhea.
3)Leaves are added in boiling tea as flavouring agent.
Botanical Name − Cymbopogon Martini ( Roxb.) Wats.

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Roshya Gavat
Habit − Herb
1)The plant leaves are made into paste and applied on joint pains to treat
rheumatism.
Botanical Name − Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers.

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Durva, Harali
Habit − Herb
1)Plant juirce and cow ghee applied at anal opening for bleeding in piles.
2)For Nagin disease plant juice and paste of Oryza satica applied on
affected park.
3)Plant juice and Oryza sativa paste applied on forehead for cooling
effect in fever
Botanical Name − Chrusopogon Fulvus (Spreng) Chior.

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Kahandol
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Bark, Culm
1)Bark decoction given in cough.

2)Peels of culm boild in water and extract is given in chest pain.
Botanical Name − Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Bamboo, Takar
Habit − Shrub
1)Pipes or Bamboo culms are used to make hut construction furniture,

musical instruments, mats, sticks, agricultural implements, baskets and
household utensils.
2)Bamboo strips are used to make ‘Mali’ For catching Fishesh and crabs.
3)Stem is used to make inusical instrument ‘Pava’
Botanical Name − Elusine corcona Gaertn

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Nagali, Ragi
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Root, Grains
1)Root extrant given for 2-3 days in abdominal swelling.
2)Grains are cooked and given to small babies for nutrition and to treet
malnutrition.
3)Grain flour is used to make ‘Roti’ and Papad.
Botanical Name − Eulalia Fimbriata (Hack.) kuntze.

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Ghas-Gavat
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Whole Plant.
1)Grass is used for tying Purposes.
Botanical Name − Vetivera Zizaniodes (L.)Roberty.

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Khas-Khas
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Roots.
1)Roots with roots of Pennisetum Pedicellatum and rachis of Adiantum

Phillipense packed together in tawit and tied around neck of pregnant
women and kept till delivery to prevent from black magic and abortion.
Botanical Name − Pennistum Pedicellatum Trin

Family − Poacear
Local Name − Kusal
Habit − Herb
Plant Part Used − Stem, Leaves, Root
1)Grass is used as fodder.

2 )Roots are used in ‘ Tawit’
Botanical Name − Actinopteris Dichotoma Bedd.

Family − Pterdiacear
Local Name − Bhui – Tad
Habit − Herb
1)Plant extract given once a day for kidney stones
Botanical Name − Cheilanthus farinose (Forssk) Kaulf

Family − Cheilanthacear
Local Name − Morjiva
Habit − Herb
1)Whole plant decoction given once a day in chest pain.
Botanical Name − Aidiantum PhilippFernense

Family − Adiantacear
Local Name − Sonkadaki
Habit − Fern
Plant Part Used − Leaves, Root, Stem
1)Root Paste with mustard oil and slice onion gently heated and applied
on joints to treat rheumatism.
2)Leaf decoction and flour of pearl millet of Finger milled mixed
together and given to womens to improve lactation.
3)Stem pieces are used to make ‘Tavi’ in black magic.
* Administration method:
Out of 244 plant species studied 229 plants are used for medicinal purpose. Different
parts of single plant are used to cure different diseases. External applications as well as internal
consumptions are involve in the treatment of diseases.
Mostly the medicines are used in crude form after crushing, heating or extracting juice
etc. Most of the preparations include a single plant species and in rare cases, the combination of
two or more species is used.
The tribals administer these medicines in the forms of Kadhas (Decoction), Bhasmas
(Dry ash), powder, poultice, paste, oil, infusion juice latex,etc. Kadha is prepared by
concentrating the plant extract by heating or boiling, Bhasma is the powdery residue left after
burning medicinal plant plant part. It is applied on the body part after mixing with water, milk,
oil, ghee etc.Some plants are used in the dried form, especially the underground parts are dried,
cut into small pieces or powdered and stored.
The medicines are prescribed by the medicine man known as Bhagat Or Vaidu. The used
administrations are not standardized but depend on the age and physical appearance of patient,
illness and diagnosis of the disease.In general, children are given smaller doses of medicine than
considered in case of adult patients.
Result & Conclusion:

Present work is the result of intensive ethnobotanical explorations of Salher and Mulher
forest made during the period July 2017 to Octo.2018. The present study area is rich in
vegetation and provides diverse useful species.
Out of the various species observed total 244 plant species are enumerated in present work, Out
of 244 plant species 202 plant species belongs to class Dicotyledons , 39 belong to class
Monocotyledons and 3 plant species belongs to Division Pteridophyta.(Table No.5, Fig No. 5)
According to Bentham and Hooker's system of classification, the plant species are
distributed in 196 genera belonging to 79 families,In terms of number of species used, Fabaceae
appeared as the most dominent family (18 genera, 19 species), followed by Euphorbeaceae (10
genera,13 species), Liliaceae (7 genera, 9 Species), Poaceae (7 genere, 9 species, Caesalpinaceae
(6 genera, 8 species) Asteraceae (7 genera, 7 species ), Lamiaceae (6 genera, species),
Cucurbitaceae (6 genera, 6 species) Malvaceae ( 6 genera, 6 species), Solanaceae (5 genere , 6
species), verbenaceae (5 genera, 6 species ). ( Table No. 6, Fig. No. 6)
The growth forms of the species includes Trees (90 species), Shrubs (36 species), Herbs
(89 species) and climbers (26 species). Tabe No.7 fig,No.7
Different plant parts like stem, stem bark, fruits, leaves, root, root bark, rhizome tuber,
flower, seeds, Latex are used.
Leaves of 119 species, Fruit of 62 Species stem/ wood of 37 species and stem bark of 34
species are used as medicine (Table No. 9, fig. No 9).
The present study revealed that majority of the species have multiple uses and many of
them are used for more than one purpose out of 244 plant species 204 species are utilized as
medicinal plants, 56 species are used as food and remaining 48 species are utilized for
miscellaneous purposes like thatching roofs, building huts, agricultural implements, decoration
etc. These plants are also used as food, fodder, fuel etc.
Haracleum grande is used for multiple purposes as in cough, cold, stomach ache,
gaseous problem ms. Syzygium cumini and used in kidney stone and diabetes and for paralysis ,
Kedrostris rostrata used in snake bite and Gloriosa superba is used for lactation by the folk
people is well known.
The tribals use different modes of administration of drugs like Kanada (Decoction),
Bhasma (Ash),Paste Poultice (wrapping plant part on wound) , Infusion etc.( Table 10. Fig.10).
Out Of 241 plant species 4 plant species i.e. Borassus flabellifer, Delbergia sisoo,
Dendrocalamus strictus and Tectona grandis are utilized in preperation of musical instruments.
(Table 11)
The present survey, although not complete in itself, has brought to light some popular and
frequently used prescriptions available on these aforesaid diseases, apart from the minor ailments
like cuts, swellings, cough common cold Fever etc.
The information collected reveals that despite the extension of modern medicines and
facilities by the government hospitals and health centres, the rural folks of these villages and
tribal hamlet depend on folk medicines. The reason for this may be poverty, easy availability of
folk medicines and deep rooted traditional association with human medicinal knowledge. These
people also use the ambient vegetation for curing the disease of their pet animals. All these
plants are easily available in the locality methods of preparation of the medicines are also simple.
An interesting observation was that in the treatment of some ailments, the herbal doctors evoke
the supernatural power by muttering certain special hymns but not audibly. The invocation of
supernatural powers might have some psycho-therapeutic effects on the patients.
*Conclusion:
The present study indicate that the Salher and Mulher forest area is a rich reservoir of
medicinal plants and associated ethnobotanical practices.
First hand data was acquired from the tribal people especially Kokani and Bhilla.
Information collected through interviews and group discussions. It was found that these tribes
have been using these plants from time immemorial. Those knowledge about these plants has
been handed over from generation to generation, the present day traditional medicine man or
Vaidu are very old. Due to lack of interest among the younger generations as well as their
tendency to migrate to cities for lucrative jobs there is a possibility of losing this wealth of
knowledge in near future. It is an appropriate time to acquire and
Preserve this traditional system of medicine by proper documentation and identification of

specimens.
The traditional folk medicines of the world have brought to light some of these rare wonder
herbs, shrubs and trees which make big promise to salvage the mandkind from some of the
deadly modern human diseases. Amongst the plants located in the study area Ceropegia
mahaballre for good health, Drimia indica for stomachache, Curcuma neilgherensis for fever,
Ensete superbum for Kidney stone and as Cooling agent and few others have the potential for
further investigations such studies may provide new materials to the workers in the field of
Pharmacology and phytochemistry.
Ethnobotanical investigation would be helpful in identifying basic needs of tribal people, this
reflects that proper steps should be taken to cultivate plants in their native areas in the forest,
around the villages and hamlets or to persuade tribal communities to domesticate the plants on
their need basis. This will help to their conservation through cultivation and will reduce the
pressure to over exploitation from natural habitats.
While going through the research, it was observed that the tribal people are well aware of the
ecological balance.They try to conserve certain plants like Mangifera, indica,Ficus religiosa,
Terminalia bellerica, Curcuma pseudomontana etc. by maintaing the sacred groves and also by
inhibiting trespassers to the particular area, but on the other hand, intensive use of the plants by
the tribal people has lead to over exploitation making some species endangered. Therefore there
is immediate need to conserve the important species by using modern techniques like micro
propagation, insitu and exsitu conservation.
*Recommendations:
Based on our studies we recommend,
Many plants growing wild and traditionally used are endemic and have become rare,
threatened or endangered, so need to be conserved.
Traditional Knowledge is part of indigenous peoples cultural heritage, most cultural

information is contained within oral tradition. Its absence from written records adds to the
fragility of cultural knowledge and need to document traditional knowledge before they
disappear which is fundamental to conservation of these resources.
Affection for the conservation of traditional knowledge is important for biodiversity

conservations.
Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for

the conservation of biological resources as well as their sustainable utilizations.
Such documentation will aid in preservation of traditional conservation practices and

framing management strategies whereas utilization pattern can be helpful in transferring the
traditional knowledge to younger generations and appreciating its values for human welfare and
this conservation of these ethnobotanical plant species.
Encouraging the community with improved cultivation techniques of commercially

viable ethnobotanical species would further contribute conservation of these species through
income generation from cultivation of the improved species.
This will be possible through proper and timely policy intervention by local government
through capacity building toward nursery and advanced cultures practices along with strong
market linkage. This will ensure income generation and livelihood improvement and ultimately
conservation of these species.
*Summary:
The present work embodies the ethnobotanical studies during the period from July 2017
to Octo. 2018 by the village people of Salher and Mulher, Satana tahsil of Nashik district. A total
244 species recorded from the area which were used on the detailed Oral interviews held with
Vaidhyas, Bhagat and elderly village people, who have knowledge of therapeutic uses of
indigenous plants and mostly use them in treating their ailments and folk medicinal diseases.
A total 244 species belonging to 196 genera and 29 families were collected from the area which
were used by village people as folk medicinal plants in treating their various ailments and
diseases, food, fooder, for making agricultural implements, and also craft and also for various
multiple purposes. For the convenience of knowledge of these plants, their botanical name, local
name family, disease in which they are used and made of application were given.
Following are the important folk medicinal plants used by the village peoples in the
treating their illness and diseases.
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) to cure headache and to reduce body heat, Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.)
miers in jaundice and scorpion sting, Helicteris isora L.& Bombax ceibas (L.) a tonic to small
weak children’s, Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa in dysentery, Balanites roxburghii Planch in cough,
cold and fever, Cyphostema aurieulatum as an antidote for snake bite, Abrus precatorius for
cough and some throat, Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. to treat paining in urination, Vigna
vexillata (L.) A Rich for good healthy Calycopteri Floribunda (Roxb.) to expel parasite flies on
domestic animals, Termanelia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. in acidity and scorpion sting, Kedrostris
rostrata (Rottl.) Cogn in snake bite, Trichosanthus tricuspidata Lour as contraceptive,
Heracleum grande L. in cough cold, stomach ache, Meyna laxiflora Robyns. to improve food
taste, Ceropegia mahaballi for night blindness and good healthy, Gloriosa superba for lactation.

Intro To 75 Plants Ssa Final

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Intro To 75 Plants Ssa Final

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

INTRODUCTION:

Ethnomedicine is defined as branch of science in which plant base formulation known to

a) Relationships useful to man and plants.

b) Relationships useful to man but harmful to plants.

c) Relationships useful to plants but harmful to man.

d) Relationships harmful both to man and plants.

Ethnobotanical studies typically focus on recording the knowledge of traditional societies

Ethnobiological studies including traditional Ethnobotany and ethnomedicine. Traditional

Ayurveda, Sidhha, Unani, Homeopathy, Reflexology, Aromatherapy, Western Medical

Mulher (Ratnapur - Mahabharat period), Mayurnagri (King Mayurdwaj era) is located on

Due to its inter-disciplinary nature and socio-economic aspects, the linkages of

An organized study of Ethnobotany in India was started by Alkinson in 1882 by

Publications that shows the richness of Indian Ethnobotany.

1) Indian Materia Medica (Nandkarni 1908)

2) Indian Medicinal Plants (Kirtikar & Basu 1933)

3) Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Chopra et.1956)

4) Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany (Jain 1981)

5) A manual of Ethnobotany (Jain 1987)

6) Methods and Approaches in Ethnobotany (Jain 1890)

7) Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany (Jain1991)

8) Notable Plants in Ethno medicine of India (Jain et.al 1991)

9) Ethnobotany in Human Welfare (Jain 1996)

10) Ethnobotany in South Asia (Maheshwari 1996)

12) Contribution to Indian Ethnobotany (Jain 1997)

13) A Handbook of Ethnobotany (Jain and Mughal 1999)

Maheshwari (1983) traced the developments in Ethnobotany in India as well as abroad.

Research in the field of ethnobotany, particularly in ethnomedicine gained momentum in

A survey of medicinal plants with anti-snake venom activity in Chengalpattu district,

Plants as food and fodder:

Plants as Fibre and fire Wood:

Plants as Miscellaneous Purpose:

2) Hair Wash and Adornments:

3) Pesticidal,Pascicidal and Insectisidal Applications:

Plants Related to Bio-cultural Aspects:

Review of Ethnobotanical Work in Maharashtra:

General information ( Name of the medicine man, informer, locality rainfall,

The individual plant specimen is identified by using following key.

5)Plant part used.

For collecting information the questionnarie was prepared. The questionnarie is as

Informer name Sex Age

Local name of plant

Plant parts used

Preparation and uses

Objectives of the Research:

Feb 21. 9 -: 28/129

March 25. 9 30/ 31

June 28. 0 31/ 32

TITLE: ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF SALHER AND MULHER FOREST FROM

Botanical Name - Clematis gauriana Roxb.ex.DC

1)Leaves are rubbed and applied on wounds and skin diseases

Botanical Name - Michelia champaca(L) Baill

1)Flower buds are used to treat diabetes

Botanical Name - Annona aquamosa L.

1)Paste of leaves and dcoration applied on wounds of animals to expel worms.

Botanical Name - Annona reticular L

Botanical Name - Cocculus hirsutus (L.)Diels

1)Crushed leaves applied on forehead to cure headache and on burn skin.

Botanical Name - Cissampelos pareira L.

Botanical Name - Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.)Miers

1)Stem pieces are tied around neck in jaundice.

Botanical Name - Argemone maxicana L.

1)Seed paste applied on affected tooth