Pma11 Mod2 SMkey

Principles of Mathematics 11 Answer Key, Contents 171
Module 2: Answer Key
Section 1: Quadratic Functions

Lesson 1 Relations and Functions 173
Lesson 2 Linear and Quadratic Functions 177
2 2
Lesson 3 Quadratic Functions: y = ax and y = ax + k 183
2
Lesson 4 Quadratic Functions: y = a(x – h) 189
2
Lesson 5 Quadratic Functions: y = a(x – h) + k 193
Lesson 6 Completing the Square 199
Lesson 7 Special Features of the Quadratic Function 207
Lesson 8 Problems Involving Quadratic Functions 219
Review 223
Section 2: Solving Equations

Lesson 1 Solving Quadratic Equations Graphically 231
Lesson 2 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring 235
Lesson 3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the
Square and by the Quadratic Formula 241
Lesson 4 The Nature of Roots 249
Lesson 5 Radical Equations 255
Lesson 6 Rational and Absolute Value Equations 261
Review 267
172 Answer Key, Contents Principles of Mathematics 11
Principles of Mathematics 11 Section 1, Answer Key, Lesson 1 173
Lesson 1
Answer Key
1. a) A is not a function because (2, 1) and (2, 3) have the same

x-coordinate matched with two different y-values.
b) B is a function since for each x-value there is only one
y-value.
c) The equation y = 2x + 3 is a function since no two ordered
pairs have the same x-value with different y-values.
2
d) The equation y = x + 2 is a function since no two ordered
pairs have the same x-value with different y-values.
2. a) y = 3x, the y-value is 3 times the x-value
2
b) y = x , the y-value is the x-value squared
1 1
c) y = x , the y-value is the x-value
2 2
d) y = 2x – 1, the y-value is always 1 less than twice the
x-value
3. a) Because a vertical line intersects the graph at only one
point, the relation is a function.
b) Because a vertical line intersects the graph at more than
one point, the relation is not a function.
c) Because a vertical line intersects the graph in more than
one point, the relation is not a function.
d) Because a vertical line intersects the graph at only one
point, the relation is a function.
4. The wanted value is the y-coordinate of the point
corresponding to the x-value, which is in the parentheses.
a) f(2) = 6
b) f(5) = –3
c) f(–1) = 3
d) f(4) is not defined
5. a) h(0) = 0
b) h(–1) = 1
c) h(2) = 0
Module 2
174 Section 1, Answer Key, Lesson 1 Principles of Mathematics 11
6. For f(x) = 3 – x
a) f(0) = 3 – 0 = 3
b) f(1) = 3 – (–1) = 4
c) f(3) = 3 – 3 = 0
d) f(t) = 3 – t
bg
7. f x = 2x 2 − 3x − 1
b g b g b g 2
a) f −1 = 2 −1 − 3 −1 − 1 = 2 + 3 − 1 = 4
f e 2 j = 2e 2 j − 3e 2 j − 1 = 4 − 3 2 − 1 = 3 − 3 2
2
b)
f ba g = 2ba g − 3ba g − 1 = 2a − 3a − 1
2 2
c)
f b2x g = 2b2 x g − 3b2x g − 1 = 8 x − 6 x − 1
2 2
d)
f b x − 1g = 2b x − 1g − 3b x − 1g − 1 = 2d x − 2 x + 1i − 3b x − 1g − 1
2 2
e)
= 2x 2 − 4 x + 2 − 3x + 3 − 1
= 2x 2 − 7x + 4
c b gh bg bg bg
f) To find the value of f f 1 , first find f 1 = 2 1 − 3 1 − 1
2
= 2 − 3 −1
= −2
bg
Then replace f 1 by − 2 and find f −2 b g
f b −2g = 2b −2g − 3b −2g − 1
2
= 8 + 6 −1
= 13
Module 2
8. bg
f x = x2 − 2 bg
g x = −2 x
b g b g
a) f −3 = −3 − 2
2
b g
b) g −2 = −2 −2 b g
= 9−2 =4
=7
c) c b gh
f g3 d) c b gh
gf 3
gb3g = −2b3g bg
f 3 = 32 − 2
= −6 =7
b g b g
f −6 = −6 − 2
2 bg
g 7 = −2 7 bg
= −14
= 36 − 2 = 34
9. Domain Range
a) {2} {1, 3, 5, 6}
b) {2, 3, 4, 5} {1}
c) {x|x ∈ R} {y|y ∈ R}
d) {x|x ∈ R} {y|y ≥ 2, y ∈ R}
10. Domain Range
a) –3 ≤ x ≤ 3 0≤y≤3
b) 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 –3 ≤ y ≤ 3
c) x ≥ 0 y∈R
d) x ∈ R y≥0
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 2
Answer Key
y
1. a)
2 z
x
z
b) Change into the slope-intercept form:

y
y = mx + b
–y = –2x – 1 z
y = 2x + 1
1
1 x
c) y
10
x
5 5
Module 2
2. x = 1 or x = –1, from the graph

2
3. a) is quadratic because it is in the form f(x) = ax + bx + c
b) is not quadratic since it has the variable x raised to the
third power
c) is quadratic (similar to (a))
d) is not quadratic
e) is linear, not quadratic
f) is quadratic since its graph is a parabola
4. a) Domain: x ∈ R
b) Range: y ≥ –3, y ∈ R (the values are never below –3).
c) Vertex: (4, –3) (remember this is the turning point).
d) Axis of symmetry equation: x = 4. (This is the equation of
the vertical line that passes through the vertex.)
e) Zeros: 2, 6. Remember this is not an ordered pair. It
represents the x-coordinates of the points where the curve
intersects the x-axis.
f) x-intercepts: 2, 6
g) Maximum value does not exist.
h) Minimum value is at –3 (the y-coordinate of the vertex)
5. a) D: x ∈ R
R: y ≤ 3, y ∈ R
Vertex coordinates (0, 3)
Axis of symmetry equation: x = 0
Zeros: –3, 3
y-intercept: 3 is the y-coordinate of the point where the
curve crosses the y-axis
Maximum value at 3
Minimum value does not exist.
Module 2
b) Domain: x ∈ R
Range: y ≥ 2.6 (approximate), y ∈ R
Vertex: (0.5, 2.6) (approximate)
Axis of symmetry equation: x = 0.5
Zeros: none (the curve does not cross the x-axis)
y-intercept: 2.7 (approximate)
Maximum value does not exist
Minimum value at approximately 2.6
c) Domain: x ∈ R
Range: y ≥ –5, y ∈ R
Vertex: (4, –5)
Zeros: 1.5, 6.5 approximately
y-intercept: 5
Maximum value: none
Minimum value: –5
6. a) Domain: x ∈ R
Range: y ≥ –9, y ∈ R
Vertex: (2, –9)
Zeros: –1 and 5
x-intercepts: –1 and 5
y-intercept: –5
Maximum value does not exist
Minimum value is at –9
Module 2
8
z z
6
z z
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 10 x
2
4
z z
6
8
z
10
b) Domain: x ∈ R
Range: y ≤ 9, y ∈ R
Vertex: (–1, 9)
Axis of symmetry equation: x = –1
Zeros: –4 and 2
x-intercepts: –4 and 2
y-intercept: 8
Maximum value at 9
Minimum value does not exist
y
6
z z
4
z z
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 10 x
2
6
z z
8
Module 2
7. a) ii)
b) vi)
c) v)
d) iii)
e) i)
f) iv)
8. a) This is one example: reflection of (4, 3) would be (0, 3).
y
(0,3)z z
2 2
b) axis of symmetry
y
reflection
point (5, 6)

V (2, 3)

Module 2
c) The axis of symmetry is at the point half way between

the reflection points. Therefore the point half way
between is at (2, 2) and the equation of the axis of
symmetry is x = 2.
y
z z
Module 2
Lesson 3
Answer Key
1. State whether each statement is true or false. If this

statement is false, rewrite it so it is true.
2
a) True, because it rearranges to y = –x + 1, which is
quadratic.
b) False, because it has no squared term and so is linear.
The equation t(x) = 1 – x is a linear function whereas
2
t(x) = 1 – x is a quadratic function.
c) True, since it is in quadratic form
d) True, since the second coordinate axis is the y-axis.
e) False, the vertex of the parabola pictured at the right is
(2, 1).
f) False, since the axis of symmetry is always a vertical line
not a horizontal line as given. An equation of the axis of
symmetry of the parabola pictured at the right is x = 2.
2 1 2
g) False, since the graph of y = x is narrower than y = x .
4
1 2
The graph of y = x is a wider parabola
4
2
than the graph of y = x .
h) True, because |5| > 1.
i) False, because when a > 0 the parabola opens upward.
1 2
The graph of y = x is a parabola that opens
4
1 2
upward or the graph of y = − x is a parabola that
4
opens “downward.”
j) True, because when a < 0, the parabola opens downward.
k) True, because the function has a maximum value when
the function opens downward.
l) False, because the minimum value is not defined when
the parabola opens downward and continues indefinitely.
The minimum value of the function pictured at the right
cannot be stated as the parabola continues indefinitely
downward.
Module 2
m) False, because the range of the function is y ≤ 4, y ∈ R. The

range of the function pictured at the right is y ≤ 4.
2. Complete
y=
1 2
x y = x2 y = −3x 2
3
Vertex (0, 0) (0, 0) (0, 0)
Equation of axis of
x=0 x=0 x=0
symmetry
Domain x∈R x∈R x∈R
Range y≥0 y≥0 y≤0
x-intercepts or zeros 0 0 0
Direction of opening upward upward downward
Maximum y-value cannot be
determined
cannot be
determined 0
Minimum y-value 0 0
cannot be
determined
y-intercept 0 0 0
2
3. a) y = x is stretched vertically by a factor of 4
2 1
b) y = x is shrunk vertically by a factor of
2
2
c) y = x is stretched vertically by a factor of 7 and reflected
over the x-axis
4. a) upward if a > 0
b) downward if a < 0
c) if a > 0, a minimum point results
d) if a < 0, a maximum point results
5. a) 3 b) 1 c) 4 d) 2
2
6. y = ax
Substitute in x = 1, y = –4
2
–4 = a(1)
–4 = a
2
∴ the equation is y = –4x
Module 2
7. A point on the curve is (2, 6).

2
y = ax
Substitute x = 2, y = 6
2
6 = a(2)
6 = a(4)
3
=a
2
3
y = x2
2
3
The reflection equation is y = − x 2 .
2
2 2
8. a) False The graph of y = 3x + 4 is the graph of y = 3x
2
shifted upward 4 units or the graph of y = 3x – 4 is
2
the graph of y = 3x shifted downward 4 units.
b) True.
c) True.
d) True.
2
e) False An equation of the axis of symmetry of y = x – 1 is
x = 0.
2
f) False The graph of y = x – 1 opens upward or the graph
2
of y = –x – 1 opens downward.
g) True
2
h) False The maximum value of y = –2x + 3 is 3
i) True.
j) True.
k) True.
2 2
l) False The graph of y = x + 2 and y = –x + 2 are mirror
reflections of each other in the line y = 2.
2 2
y = x and y = –x are mirror reflections of each
other in the line y = 0 (the x-axis)
m) True.
n) True.
Module 2
9.
y = x 2 + 4 y = x 2 y = x 2 − 1 y = −x 2 + 1
Vertex (0, 4) (0, 0) (0, –1) (0, 1)

Equation of axis of
symmetry x=0 x=0 x=0 x=0
Domain x∈R x∈R x∈R x∈R

Range y≥4 y≥0 y ≥ –1 y≤1
x-intercepts None 0 –1, 1 –1, 1
y-intercepts 4 0 –1 1
Direction of opening Upward Upward Upward Downward
Maximum value None None None 1
Minimum value 4 0 –1 None
2
10. a) y = x is stretched vertically by 5 and shifted 4 units
vertically upward
2
b) y = x is stretched vertically by 2, reflected over the
x-axis and shifted vertically upward 1 unit
2 1
c) y = x is shrunk vertically by and shifted vertically
2
downward 1 unit
2 2
d) rearrange to y = 3x – 2, y = x is stretched vertically by
3 and shifted 2 units vertically downward.
11. a) The graph opens upward, and the minimum value is
positive.
b) The graph opens upward, and the minimum value is
negative.
c) The graph opens downward, and maximum is positive.
d) The graph opens downward, and maximum is negative.
Module 2
12. If the vertex is at (0,–3), the function has been shifted

vertically downward 3 units.
So, k = –3.
The curve passes through (1,–1), so y = –1 when x = 1.
Substitute into
y = ax 2 + k
bg 2
−1 = a 1 − 3
−1 = a − 3
a=2
2
The equation is y = 2x – 3.
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 4
Answer Key
1. a) True.
2 2
b) False. The graph of y = (x – 7) is the graph of y = x
shifted 7 units to the right or the graph of
2 2
y = (x + 7) is the graph of y = x shifted 7 units to
the left.
c) True.
2
d) False. The vertex of the graph of y = 2(x – 1) is (1, 0) or
2
the vertex of the graph of y = 2(x – 2) is (2, 0).
e) False. An equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of
1 2
y = (x − 3 ) is x = 3 or an equation of the axis of
2 2
 1 1
symmetry of the graph of y = 3  x −  is x = .
 2 2
f) False. An equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of
1 2
y = − (x + 3 ) is x = − 3.
2
1
g) False. The graph of y = − (x − 2 )2 is a wider parabola
3
2
than the graph of y = –3(x – 2) or the graph of
2
y = –3(x – 2) is a narrower parabola than the
1 2
graph of y = − (x − 2 ) .
3
h) True.
i) True.
g(x – 4) = (x – 4 + 4) = x
2 2 2
j) True. g(x) = (x + 4)
g(–x – 4) = (–x – 4 + 4) = (–x) = x
2 2 2
2. a) ii
b) iv
c) iii
d) i
Module 2
2
3. a) y = x shifted horizontally 4 units to the right and shrunk
vertically by a factor of 1
2
y
y = x2
1
y= (x − 4 )2
2
2
b) y = x shifted horizontally 1 unit to the right, stretched by 2
and reflected over the x-axis
y
4
2
z x
4
c) shifted horizontally 1 unit to the left and stretched

y
4
2
z x
4
Module 2
4. Complete the table.

4
y = (x + 2)
2
y = (x − 1)
2
y = 2 (x − 3)
2 y= (x + 6)2
3
Vertex (–2, 0) (1, 0) (3, 0) (–6, 0)
Equation of axis of
x = –2 x=1 x=3 x = –6
symmetry
Range y≥0 y≥0 y≥0 y≥0
x-intercepts –2 1 3 –6
y- intercepts 4 1 18 48
Direction of opening upward upward upward upward
Maximum value none none none none
Minimum value 0 0 0 0
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 5
Answer Key
2
1. a) False. The vertex of the graph of y = (x – 4) + 2 is (4, 2) or
2
the vertex of the graph of y = (x + 4) + 2 is (–4, 2).
2
b) False. The vertex of the graph of y = 3(x – 5) – 2 is (5, –2)
2
or the vertex of the graph of y = 3(x – 5) + 2 is
(5, 2).
2
c) False. The vertex of the graph of y = 2x + 7 is (0, 7), or
2
the vertex of the graph of y = 2(x – 2) + 7 is (2, 7).
d) True.
2
e) False. The vertex of the graph of y = –2(x – 3) is (3, 0), or
2
the vertex of the graph of y = –2(x + 2) + 3 is
(–2, 3).
f) False. An equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of
2
y = –3(x – 6) + 1 is x = 6, or an equation of the axis
2
of symmetry of the graph of y = –3(x – 1) + 1 is
x = 1.
g) True.
h) True.
2
i) False. The graph of y = 4(x – 3) – 1 opens upward, or the
2
graph of y = –4(x – 3) – 1 opens downward.
j) True.
2
k) True. The range of y = –2(x + 3) + 4 is {y|y ≤ 4}, or the
2
range of y = 2(x + 3) + 4 is {y|y ≥ 4}.
2
l) False. The minimum value of y = 3(x – 5) – 2 is –2.
2. a) iii b) v c) viii d) ii
e) i f) vii g) vi h) iv
Module 2
3. Complete the following table.
y = (x − 1) + 2 y = − (x − 1) − 2 y = (x + 1)2 + 2 y = − (x + 1) − 2
2 2 2
Vertex (1, 2) (1, –2) (–1, 2) (–1, –2)
Axis of symmetry
equation x=1 x=1 x = –1 x = –1

Range y|y ≥ 2 y|y ≤ –2 y|y ≥ 2 y|y ≤ –2
y-intercept 3 –3 3 –3
Direction of opening Upward Downward Upward Downward
Maximum value None –2 None –2

Minimum value 2 None 2 None
4. Direction of Axis of Wider or

Vertex
opening symmetry Narrower
y = 2 (x + 1)
2
Up (–1, 0) x = –1 Narrower
−1
y= (x − 1)2 + 6 Down (1, 6) x=1 Wider
2
y = 2 (x + 6 ) − 10
2
Up (–6,–10) x = –6 Narrower
y = 6 (x − 1) + 8
2
Up (1, 8) x=1 Narrower
Module 2
2
5. a) y = 2(x + 1)
2
y y = x is shifted horizontal to the
6 left by 1 unit and stretched
4
Vertex: (–1, 0)
2 Axis of symmetry: x = –1
x
4 2 2
1
b) y = −
2
2
b g
x −1 + 6
2
y = x is shifted horizontally 1
8
y
unit to the right, shrunk
1
6 vertically by a factor of ,
2
4 reflected over the x-axis, and
shifted vertically 6 units
2
upward.
x
Vertex: (1, 6)
4 2 2 4 6
Axis of symmetry: x = 1
2
2
c) y = 2(x + 6) – 10
2
y = x is shifted horizontally 6
y
4 units to the left, stretched
vertically by a factor of 2, and
2
shifted vertically 10 units
downward
x
10 8 6 4 2
Vertex: (–6, –10)
2
Axis of symmetry: x = –6
4
10
Module 2
2
d) y = 6 (x – 1) + 8
2
y y = x is shifted horizontally 1
unit to the right, stretched
14
vertically by a factor of 6, and
12 shifted vertically 8 units
Vertex: (1, 8)
10
Axis of symmetry: x = 1
8
x
4 2 2 4
6. a) F 1I
f b x g = −G x + J
2
+2
H 2K
• maximum value at 2
• {y|y ≤ 2, y ∈ R}
b
b) y = 2 x + 4 g 2
−2
• minimum value at –2
• {y|y ≥ –2, y ∈ R}
bg b
c) g x = −3 x − 2 2 − 1 g
• maximum value at –1
• {y|y ≤ –1, y ∈ R}
d) 1
y=
2
2
b g
x +1 + 4
1
Multiply into the square bracket first
2
1
y=
2
b 2
x +1 + 2 g
• minimum value at 2
• {y|y ≥ 2, y ∈ R}
Module 2
b g
7. y = x − 2 + k
2
3
Substitute x = 1 and y = into the above equation
2
3
2
b g 2
= 1− 2 + k
3
2
b g 2
= −1 + k
3
=1+ k
2
1
=k
2
k represents the minimum value
1
∴ minimum value is
2
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 6
Answer Key
2
1. x + 5x + 4
2. a) x 2 + 8x + k
FG 8IJ 2
= 16 = k
H 2K
∴ k = 16 → x 2 + 8 x + 16 = x + 4 b g 2
b) x 2 − 8x + k
FG −8IJ 2
= 16 = k
H 2K
∴ k = 16 → x 2 − 8 x + 16 = x − 4 b g 2
c) x 2 + 20 x + k
FG 20 IJ 2
= 100 = k
H 2K
∴ k = 100 → x 2 + 20 x + 100 = x + 10 b g 2
d) x 2 − 2x + k
FG −2IJ 2
=1= k
H 2K
∴ k = 1 → x 2 − 2x + 1 = x − 1 b g 2
Module 2
e) x 2 − 5x + k
FG −5IJ 2
25
=k
H 2K =
4
∴k =
25
→ x 2 − 5x +
25
= x−
5 FG IJ 2
4 4 2 H K
f) x 2 + 7x + k
FG 7 IJ 2
49
=k
H 2K =
4
∴k =
49
→ x 2 + 7x +
49
= x+
7 FG IJ 2
4 4 2 H K
3. a)
x 2 F −8 I
− 8 x + G J = ab x − r g
2
2 F −8 I
+t+G J
2
Complete the square
H 2K H 2K
bx − 4g − 16 = abx − rg
2 2
+t Simplify
a =1 r = 4 t = −16
b) b g
x 2 + 5x = a x − r
2
+t
F 5I
x + 5x + G J = ab x − r g
2
2
2 F 5I
+t+G J
2
H 2K H 2K Complete the square
FG x + 5 IJ − 25 = abx − rg
2
2
+t Simplify
H 2K 4
−5 −25
a =1 r = t=
2 4
Module 2
Note: Factor out 1 2

1
and complete
c)
2
x + 2x + 4 = a x − r b g 2
+t
2
1 2 F 4 FG IJ IJ = abx − rg
2
1 4 FG IJ 2
1
the square 2 ÷ = 4
2 2 GH
x + 4x +
2 H KK
2
+t−4+
2 2 H K
1 2
so x + 2 x
1
2
1 2
bx + 2g + 2 = abx − rg
2 2
+t
factors to
2
(x +4x . ) 2
1
a= r = −2 t=2
2
4. a) bg
f x = − x 2 + 6x
i) bg
f x = − x 2 + 6x Factor out –1 to
f b x g = −1d x − 6x i make
2 sure that 1 is
2
the coefficient of x
F F −6 I I
f b x g + b −1gb −3g = −1G x − 6x + G J J Complete the square
2 2
2
H H 2K K
f b x g − 9 = −1b x − 3g
2
Simplify
f b x g = −1b x − 3g + 9
2
Rearrange
ii) V(3, 9); Equation of axis of symmetry: x – 3 = 0

2
iii) y = x shifted horizontally 3 units to the right,
reflected over the x-axis and shifted vertically upward
9 units
iv) range: y ≤ 9
v) To find the y-intercept, let x = 0
in b g
y = −1 x − 3 + 9
2
or in the original
y = −1b0 − 3g + 9
2
y = − x 2 + 6x
= −9 + 9 bg bg
y = −1 0 + 6 0
=0 =0
vi) Because the graph opens downward, it has a

maximum value of 9.
Module 2
2
b) f : x → 2x + 5x − 3
i) For convenience, replace f:x → with f(x) or y

y = 2x 2 + 5 x − 3 Factor out 2 to
FG 5 x IJ − 3
y = 2 x2 +
make 1 the
H 2 K coefficient of x
2
F 5I F 5 F 5I I
2
y + 3 + 2G J = 2G x + x + G J J
2
2
Complete the
H 4K H 2 H 4K K square
y + 3 + 2⋅
25 F 5 25 I
= 2G x + x + J
2
16 H 2 16 K Simplify
y +3+
25 F 5I
= 2G x + J
2
8 H 4K
y+
49 F 5I
= 2G x + J
2
8 H 4K
or
F 5 I 49
f : x → 2G x + J −
2
H 4K 8
ii) F 5 49I
V G − , − J ; equation of symmetry is x = −
5
H 4 8K 4
2 5
iii) y = x is shifted horizontally units to the left,
4
stretched by 2, and shifted vertically downward
49
units
8
49
iv) Range: y ≥ −
8
2 Note: The y-
v) y = 2x + 5x − 3 let x = 0 intercept is
bg bg
2
y = 2 0 +5 0 −3 the constant
in the original
= −3 function.
vi) Because the curve opens upward, it has a

49
minimum value of − .
8
Module 2
c) odx , − 4x − x it is equivalent to f bx g = − x − 4x
2 2
i) f bx g = − x − 4x
2
f b x g = −d x + 4 x i
2
F F 4I I
f b x g − 4 = −G x + 4 x + G J J
2
Complete square
2
H H 2K K and add –4 to
each side
f b x g = −b x + 2g + 4
2
ii) V(–2, 4); Equation of axis of symmetry: x = –2

2
iii) y = x is shifted horizontally 2 units to the left,
reflected over the x-axis, and shifted vertically
upward 4 units
iv) Range: y ≤ 4
v) For the y-intercept, let x = 0, preferably in the given
function.
y = − x 2 − 4x
bg bg
2
y = − 0 −4 0
=0
vi) Maximum value is 4
bg 2
d) f x = 2x − 12 x + 19
Factor out 2 and

i) bg d
f x = 2 x 2 − 6x i + 19 make 1 the
2
coefficient of x
F 6I
f b x g − 19 + 2G − J
2
F
= 2G x 2 F −6 I I
− 6x + G J J
2
Complete the
H 2K H H 2K K square and add
2
2(3) to each side
bg
f x −1 = 2 x − 3b g 2
Simplify
f b x g = 2b x − 3g
2
+1
Module 2
ii) V(3, 1); Equation of axis of symmetry: x = 3

2
iii) y = x is shifted vertically 3 units to the right, stretched
vertically by a factor of 2, and shifted upward 1 unit
iv) Range: y ≥ 1
v) For the y-intercept, let x = 0, ∴ y = 19
vi) Because the function opens upward, it has a minimum
of 1.
e) y − 3x 2 + 3 = −3x
i) y − 3 x 2 + 3 = −3 x
y + 3 = 3x 2 − 3x Rearrange
d
y + 3 = 3 x2 − x i factor out 3 and
make 1 the
2
coefficient of x
F −1 I
y + 3 + 3 ⋅G J
2
F F −1I I
= 3G x − x + G J J
2
2
Complete the square
H 2K H H 2K K and add 3 −
1FG IJ
2
to
F −1 I 2
F 1I
2 H K
y + 3 + 3⋅G J = 3G x − x + J
2 each side
H 2K H 4K
y+
15 F 1I
= 3G x − J
2
Factor and
4 H 2K rearrange
F 1 I 15
y = 3G x − J −
2
H 2K 4
FG IJ
ii) V 1 , − 15 ; Equation of axis of symmetry is x = 1
2 H 4 K 2
2 1
iii) y = x is shifted horizontally unit to the right,
2
stretched vertically by a factor of 3, and shifted
15
vertically downward units
4
15
iv) Range: y ≥ −
4
Module 2
v) y-intercept is –3
15
vi) Minimum value is −
4
5. a) Group the terms containing the variables

b) Rearrange
c) Factor out a
FbI
d) Complete the square and add a ⋅ G J
2
to each side
e) Factor
H 2a K
f) Rearrange
g) Simplify
6. a) From the coordinates of the vertex, h = 2 and k = 6.
From the point on the curve, x = 1 and y = 7.
Substitute into y = a x − hb g +k 2
7 = ab1 − 2g + 6
2
7 = ab −1g + 6
2
1=a
b) Since a is positive, the curve opens upward and will have

a minimum value at 6.
2 2
c) y = 1(x – 2) + 6 or y = (x – 2) + 6
7. Rearrange the equation into the correct form and complete
the square.
h = −5t 2 + 80t + 6
d i d
h = −5 t 2 − 16t + 82 + 6 + 5 ⋅ 82 i
h = −5bt − 8g
2
+ 6 + 320
h = −5bt − 8g
2
+ 326
The vertex is at V(8, 326), meaning that after 8 seconds the
maximum height of 326 metres is reached.
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 7
Answer Key
b g
1. a) −∞ , − 3 ∪ 2, ∞ g
b
b) −10, 5
c) b−8, ∞g
d) b5, ∞g ∪ b−∞, − 7g
e) b−5, − 2 ∪ 2, ∞g
b
2. a) 2, 5
b g b g
b) −∞ , − 2 ∪ 7, ∞
c) b−∞, − 3 ∪ 10, ∞g
d) 0, 6
e) b−6, − 3 ∪ 2, 8g
2
3. a) y = x – 2x – 3
i) Because it factors readily, find the x-intercepts:
b gb
y = x − 3 x +1 g
bx − 3gbx + 1g = 0
x − 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 3 or x = −1
The x-intercepts are –1 and 3.

ii) The x-coordinate of the vertex is the midpoint of the
x-intercepts
−1 + 3 2
= =1
2 2
2
For y = x – 2x – 3, let x = 1
y = 12 − 2 1 − 3 bg
=1−2−3
= −4
V = (1, –4)
Module 2
iii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = 1

iv) y-intercept
2
y = x – 2x – 3, let x = 0 to find y-intercept
y = 02 − 2 0 − 3 bg
= −3
v) Opens upward because a is positive

vi) Maximum value is not defined
vii) Minimum value corresponding to the y-coordinate of
the vertex = –4
viii) Inequality Interval
D: {x|x ∈ R} (–∞, ∞)
R: {y|y ≥ –4} [–4, ∞)
Graph y
x
6 4 2 2 4 6
2
2
b) y = –1(x + 6x + 8)
i) b
y = −1 x + 4 x + 2 gb g
b g
−1 x + 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
−x − 4 = 0
x = −4 or x = −2
The x-intercepts are –4 and –2.
Module 2
ii) x-coordinate at vertex:

b g = −6 = −3
−4 + −2
2 2
y-coordinate at vertex:
y = − x 2 − 6x − 8
b g b g
2
= − −3 − 6 −3 − 8
= −9 + 18 − 8
=1
V = (–3, 1)
iii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = –3
iv) y-intercept, let x = 0
y = − x 2 − 6x − 8
y = −8
v) Opens downward since a is negative
vi) Maximum value is 1
vii) No minimum value
viii) Inequality Interval
D: x ∈ R (–∞, ∞)
R: y ≤ 1 (–∞, 1]
Graph y
x
6 4 2 2 4 6
2
Module 2
2
4. a) y = x + 6x – 7
−b
i) x-coordinate of vertex =
2a
a =1 b = 6
−6
x= = −3
21 bg
y-coordinate
b g b g
2
= −3 + 6 −3 − 7
= 9 − 18 − 7
= −16
V(–3, –16)
ii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = –3
iii) x-intercepts
b
y = x + 7 x −1gb g
bx + 7gbx − 1g = 0
x = −7 or x = 1
iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = –7

v) Because a > 0, the parabola opens upward.
vi) Since the the parabola opens upward, the function
has a minimum value of –16.
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R: [–16, ∞)
Module 2
2
b) y = x – 4x – 60
−b
2a
a = 1 b = −4
x=
− −4b g=4 =2
2b1g 2
y-coordinate
bg bg
2
y = 2 − 4 2 − 60
= 4 − 8 − 60
= −64
V(2, –64)
ii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = 2
iii) x-intercepts
y = x 2 − 4 x − 60
b gb
y = x − 10 x + 6 g
bx − 10gbx + 6g = 0
x = 10 or − 6

v) Opens upward since a > 0
vi) Since the parabola opens upward, the function has a
minimum value at –64.
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R: [–64, ∞)
Module 2
2
c) y = 2x + 8x – 10
b
i) x-coordinate of vertex = −
2a
a=2 b=8
−8
x= = −2
bg
22
y-coordinate
b g b g 2
y = 2 −2 + 8 −2 − 10
bg
2 4 − 16 − 10
= −18
V(–2, –18)
iii) x-intercepts
b gb g
y = 2 x −1 x + 5
2b x − 1gb x + 5g = 0
2b x − 1g = 0 or x + 5 = 0
x = 1 or − 5
iv) y-intercept (let x = 0)

bg bg 2
y = 2 0 + 8 0 − 10
= −10
v) Opens upward because a > 0

vi) Because the parabola opens upward, the minimum
value is –18.
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R: [–18, ∞)
Module 2
2
d) y = 3x + 24x + 21
−b
2a
a=3 b = 24
−24
x= = −4
bg
23
y-coordinate
b g
y = 3 −4
2
b g
+ 24 −4 + 21
= 48 − 96 + 21
= −27
V(–4, –27)
iii) x-intercepts
b gb g
y = 3 x +1 x + 7
3b x + 1gb x + 7g = 0
3b x + 1g = 0 or x + 7 = 0
x = −1 or x = −7
iv) y-intercept (let x = 0)

bg 2
y = 3 0 + 24 0 + 21 bg
y = 21
v) Opens upward because a > 0

value is –27.
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R: [–27, ∞)
Module 2
2
e) y = x + 5x + 6
−b
2a
a =1 b = 5
−5 −5
x= =
21 bg2
y-coordinate
F −5I
y=G J
2
+5
FG −5IJ + 6
H 2K H 2K
25 25
= − +6
4 2
25 50 24
= − +
4 4 4
1
=−
4
5FG
V − , −
1 IJ
2 H 4 K
5
ii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = −
2
iii) x-intercepts
b
y = x +3 x +2 gb g
bx + 3gbx + 2g = 0
x + 3 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = −3 or x = −2
iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = 6

v) Opens upward since a > 0
1
value is − .
4
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R:
LM −1 , ∞IJ
N4 K
Module 2
2
f) y = –x + 3x + 4
−b
i) x-coordinate of the vertex =
2a
a = −1 b = +3
x=
b g = −3 = 3
− +3
2b −1g −2 2
y-coordinate
F 3I
y = −G J
2
+3
FG 3 IJ + 4
H 2K H 2K
9 9
=− + +4
4 2
9 18 16
=− + +
4 4 4
25
=
4
V
FG 3 , 25 IJ
H2 4 K
3
ii) Axis of symmetry equation: x =
2
iii) x-intercepts
d
y = − x 2 − 3x − 4 i
y = −b x − 4gb x + 1g
−b x − 4gb x + 1g = 0
−b x − 4g = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 4 or x = −1

v) Opens downward because a < 0
vi) Because the parabola opens downward, the
maximum value is 25 .
4
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R: −∞,
25FG OP
4 H Q
Module 2
2
g) y = –2x – 5x – 2
−b
2a
a = −2 b = −5
x=
−b − −5
= =−
5 b g
2a 2 −2 4 b g
y-coordinate
FG 5 IJ − 5FG − 5 IJ − 2
y = −2 −
2
H 4K H 4K
F 25 I 25 − 2
= −2G J +
H 16 K 4
25 50 16
=− + −
8 8 8
9
=
8
FG
5 9
V − ,
IJ
H
4 8 K
5
ii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = −
4
iii) x-intercepts
d
y = − 2x 2 + 5 x + 2 i
b
y = −1 2 x + 1 x + 2 gb g
b gb g
−1 2 x + 1 x + 2 = 0
−1b2x + 1g = 0 or x + 2 = 0
−1
x= or x = −2
2

v) Opens downward since a < 0
vi) Because the parabola opens downward, the maximum
9
value is .
8
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
R: −∞ ,
FG 9 OP
H 8 Q
Module 2
2
h) y = –3x + 2x + 1
−b
2a
a = −3 b=2
−b −2 1
x= = =
2a 2 −3 3b g
y-coordinate
F 1I
y = −3G J
2
FG 1 IJ + 1
+2
H 3K H 3K
1 2
=− + +1
3 3
4
y=
3
V
FG 1 , 4 IJ
H 3 3K
1
ii) Axis of symmetry equation: x =
3
iii) x-intercepts
d i
y = −1 3 x 2 − 2 x − 1
y = −1b3x + 1gb x − 1g
−1b3x + 1g = 0 or x − 1 = 0
1
x=− or 1
3
v) Opens downward since a < 0
vi) Because the parabola opens downward, the
4
maximum value is .
3
vii) D: (–∞, ∞)
FG
R: −∞,
4 OP
H 3 Q
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 8
Answer Key
81
1.
bg
h t = −3t 2 + 9t +
4
hbtg −
81 F −3 I F2
F −3 I I
+ b−3gG J = −3G t − 3t + G J J
2
2
4 H 2K H H 2K K
hbtg −
81 27 F 3I
= −3G t − J
2
4
−
4 H 2K
F 3 I 108
hbtg = −3G t − J +
2
H 2K 4
F 3I
= −3G t − J + 27
2
H 2K
The maximum height of 27 m is reached in 1.5 seconds.
2. Let x = width of the b e a ch
swimming area in
metres
620 – 2x = length of the
swimming area in x x
metres
620 2x
Remember, you only need three sides roped off.

∴ Area: A(x) = x(620 – 2x)
2
= 620x – 2x
The maximum area occurs at the x-value of the quadratic
function.
−b 620
x= =− = 155 m
2a 2 −2 b g
When the width is 155 m, the length is 620 – 2(155) = 310 m.
The dimensions of the swimming area are 155 m x 310 m.
Module 2
3. Let x = additional number of trees to be planted.

Then, the total number of trees is 65 + x.
1500 – 20x = yield of apples per tree.
bg
f x = total yield
f b x g = b65 + x gb1500 − 20 x g
= −20x 2 + 200 x + 97500
−b −200
The maximum occurs when x = = = 5.
2a 2 −20 b g
The total number of trees that yield the maximum number of
apples is 65 + 5 = 70 trees.
4. Let x = larger of the two numbers
x – 14 = smaller of the two numbers
bg b
P x = x x − 14 g
= x 2 − 14 x
bg
P x + 49 = x 2 − 14 x + 49
bg b g
P x = x − 7 − 49
2
Since a is positive, a minimum occurs at at x = 7. If x = 7, then

x – 14 = –7.
The two numbers are 7 and –7 giving a minimum product of
–49.
5. Honest John’s profit per car = $6400 – $4000 = $2400
Let x = the decrease in the number of cars
20 – x = number of cars sold
2400 + 300x = profit per car
P(x) = total profit
P(x) = (20 – x)(2400 + 300x)
2
P(x) = –300x + 3600x + 48 000
Module 2
−b 3600
Using x = =− =6
2a b
2 −300 g
Profit per car = 2400 + 300(6) = 4200.
Selling price = cost + profit
= 4000 + 4200
= $8200
y
6. x = width
y = length
Total lengths = 2y
Total widths = 4x x x x x
y
2y + 4x = 800
y = 400 – 2x Divide by two and solve for y
A = (400 – 2x)x
2
A = –2x + 400x
−b −400
Using x = = = 100 m
2a 2 −2b g
y = 200 m
2
So the largest area is 100 x 200 = 20 000 m .
7. Maximum income = total number of tickets sold x price per
ticket
x = number of increments of 100 tickets
1000 + 100x = total number of tickets sold
60 – 3x = price per ticket
bg b gb
P x = 1000 + 100 x 60 − 3 x g
= −300 x 2 + 3000 x + 60 000
Completing the square gives:
2
P(x) = –300(x – 5) + 67 500
Module 2
Maximum income of $67 500 results with five decreases in the

ticket price.
The price is 60 – 3x = 60 – 3(5) = $45.
8. Let x = number of $2 drops in price
Price = 60 – 2x
Number sold: 800 + 50x
f(x) = maximum cash return
bg b gb
f x = 60 − 2x 800 + 50x g
= 48000 − 1600 x + 3000 x − 100x 2
= −100x 2 + 1400 x + 48000
F
f b x g − 48000 + b −100gb −7g = −100G x − 14 x + G
2 2 F −14 IJ IJ 2
H H 2KK
f b x g − 48000 − 4900 = −100b x − 7g
2
f b x g = −100b x − 7g + 52900
2
To get the maximum cash return, drop the price seven times,
that is, $14 in price.
The price becomes 60 – 14 = $46 per radio.
The number sold = 800 + 50(7) = 1150.
Module 2
Principles of Mathematics 11 Section 1, Answer Key, Review 223
Review
Answer Key
1. a) Domain: (–∞, ∞)
b) Range: [–4, ∞)
c) Vertex: (3, –4)
d) Equation of axis of symmetry: x = 3
e) Zeros: 1, 5
f) x-intercepts: 1, 5
g) y-intercept: 5
h) No maximum
i) Minimum value at –4
j) (1, 0) (5, 0) is one pair
2
2. i) y = –2(x + 1) – 3
a) a = –2, h = –1, k = –3
b) x = –1
c) (–∞, ∞)
d) opens downward
e) V(–1, –3)
f) maximum value at –3
2
g) y = x stretched by 2, reflected over the x-axis and
shifted one unit to the left and 3 downward
h) Let y = 0
b g 2
−2 x + 1 − 3 = 0
3
bx + 1g 2
=
−2
Since a squared number can never be negative, there

are no zeros.
i) Since the graph is below the x-axis, it has no
x-intercept.
j) range: (–∞, –3]
Module 2
224 Section 1, Answer Key, Review Principles of Mathematics 11
k) Let x = 0 to find y-intercept

b g
y = −2 0 + 1 − 3
2
y = −5
l) y
2
m) y = –2(x + 4) – 1
1
ii) y =
2
b g 2
x −1 + 3
1
a) a = , h = 1, k = 3
2
b) axis of symmetry: x = 1
c) domain: (–∞, ∞)
d) opens upward
e) vertex: (1, 3)
f) minimum value at 3
2
g) y = x shrunk by one-half shifted 1 unit to the right
and 3 units upward
h) Let y = 0
1
b
0 = x −4 +5
2
2
g
1
−5 = x − 4
2
2
b g
This is impossible since a squared number cannot be
negative. Therefore, there are no zeros.
i) Since the graph is totally above the x-axis, there are
no x-intercepts.
Module 2
j) range: [3, ∞)
k) Let x = 0
1 2
b g
y = 0 −1 + 3
2
1
y = +3
2
7
y=
2
l) y
1
m) y =
2
b2
x +2 +5 g
2
iii) f(x) = 2(x + 1) – 3
a) a = 2, h = –1, k = –3
b) axis of symmetry: x = –1
c) domain: (–∞, ∞)
d) opens upward
e) vertex: (–1, –3)
f) minimum value at –3
2
g) y = x stretched by 2 shifted horizontally to the left
1 unit and vertically downward 3 units
Module 2
h) Let f(x) = 0
b g 2
2 x +1 − 3 = 0
b g
2 x +1
2
=3
3
bx + 1g 2
=
2
3
x +1 = ±
2
6 −2 ± 6
x = −1 ± or
2 2
−2 + 6 −2 − 6
i) The x-intercepts are at ,
2 2
j) range: [–3, ∞)
k) Let x = 0 to find y-intercept
bg b g
f x = 2 0 +1 − 3
2
= 2−3
= −1
l) y
2
m) f(x) = 2(x + 4) – 1
Module 2
3. a) bg
f x = 2x 2 − 8x − 5
bg
f x + 5 = 2x 2 − 8x − 5 + 5
bg d
f x + 5 + 2 ⋅ 4 = 2 x 2 − 4x + 4 i
f b x g + 13 = 2b x − 2g
2
f b x g = 2b x − 2g
2
− 13
b) bg
f x = −3 x 2 − 6 x + 2
f b x g = −3d x + 2x i + 2
2
f b x g − 2 = −3d x + 2x + i
2
f b x g − 2 − 3 = −3d x + 2x + 1i
2
f b x g − 5 = −3b x + 1g
2
f b x g = −3b x + 1g + 5
2
c) 1 2
y= x + 2x − 1
2
1 2
y +1 =
2
dx + 4x + i
1 1 2
y +1 +
2
⋅4=
2
dx + 4x + 4 i
1
y +3 =
2
bx+2
2
g
1
y=
2
b 2
x +2 −3 g
d) y = 2x 2 − 3x − 7
FG 3 x + IJ
y + 7 = 2 x2 −
H 2 K
y +7+2 ⋅
9 F 3 9I
= 2G x − x + J 2
16 H 2 16K
9 F 3I
y + 7 + = 2G x − J
2
8 H 4K
y+
65 F 3I
= 2G x − J
2
8 H 4K
F 3 I 65
y = 2G x − J −
2
H 4K 8 Module 2
e) bg . x 2 − 2x − 1
f x = 01
bg d
. x 2 − 20x
f x + 1 = 01 i
f b x g + 1 + 10 = 01 . d x − 20x + 100i
2
f b x g + 11 = 01 . b x − 10g
2
f b x g = 01
. b x − 10g − 11
2
4. ( )
4 x 2 − 5 x = a (x − h ) + k − 5
2
2 2
 2 5  5
4  x − 5 x +    = a (x − h ) + k − 5 + 4 ⋅  
2
  2   2

2
 5
4  x −  = a (x − h ) + k − 5 + 25
2
 2
2
 5
4  x −  − 20 = a (x − h ) + k
2
 2
5
a = 4, h = , k = −20
2
5. To find the x-coordinate find the x-coordinate of the

midpoint.
x1 + x 2 5 + 1
= =3
2 2
The corresponding equation is
y = (x – 5)(x – 1)
so replace x by 3 to find the y-value
b gb g
y = 3 − 5 3 −1
= b−2gb2g
= −4
∴ coordinates of the vertex is at (3, –4)
Module 2
b
6. The x-coordinate = −
2a
∴ a = 1, b = –8
−8
x=− =4
21bg
bg
Substitute into: f x = x 2 − 8x + 2
f b4 g = 4 2
−8⋅4+2
= 16 − 32 + 2
= −14
∴ vertex: (4, –14)

axis of symmetry: x = 4
2
7. y = a(x – h) + k
(h, k) = (2, –8)
(x, y) = (4, 2)
b g
2=a 4−2 −8
2
2 = a b4 g − 8
10 = 4a
5
=a
2
5
b 2
y = x −2 −8
2
g
8. b g
y = x −1 + p
2
Pb x , y g = b2, 4 g
4 = b2 − 1g + p
2
4 =1+ p
3= p
∴ Since a > 0, the curve opens upward and has a minimum

value at 3.
Module 2
9. Let x be the additional number of passengers over 100.

∴ price of each ticket = $30 – $0.20x
total number of passengers = 100 + x
∴ income (y)
b gb
y = 30 − 0.20x 100 + x g
= 3000 + 30x − 20 x − 0.2x 2
= −0.2x 2 + 10x + 3000
e b g j + 3000 − d−0.2 × 25 i
y = −0.2 x 2 − 50 x + 25
2 2
y = −0.2b x − 25g + 3125

2
∴ an additional 25 passengers will give a maximum income

of $3125.
∴ total number of passengers = 125
x
10. Perimeter: 2x + 2y = 200
Area: A = xy y
Solve 2x + 2y = 200 for y in terms of x

2x + 2 y = 200
x + y = 100
y = 100 − x
Substitute into A = xy
b
A = x 100 − x g
A = 100 x − x 2
A = − x 2 + 100 x
d
A = −1 x 2 − 100 x + 50 2 + 50 2 i
A = −1b x − 50g
2
+ 2500
∴ when x = 50 m, the maximum area is 2500

∴ y = 50 m
The rectangle is 50 m x 50 m.
Module 2
Lesson 1
Answer Key
1. a) −2x 2 + 10 = −6
−2x 2 + 16 = 0 Add 6 to each side
or 2x 2 − 16 = 0
b) b
3x x + 2 = 8 g
3x 2 + 6 x = 8 Distribute 3x into the bracket
3x 2 + 6x − 8 = 0 Subtract 8 from each side
c) 5x 2 − 7 + 3x = 7
5x 2 + 3x − 14 = 0 Subtract 7 from each side and
rearrange
d) bx + 3g 2
= −4
2
x 2 + 6 x + 9 = −4 Expand (x + 3)
x 2 + 6x + 13 = 0 Add +4 to each side
e) bx + 3g 2
−4 =5
2
x 2 + 6x + 9 − 4 = 5 Expand (x + 3)
x 2 + 6x + 5 = 5 Subtract 5 from each side
x 2 + 6x = 0 Simplify
f) x2 − 4
=x
3
x 2 − 4 = 3x Multiply each side by 3
x 2 − 3x − 4 = 0 Subtract 3x from each side
g) b2x − 3gbx + 2g = 0
2x 2 + 4 x − 3x − 6 = 0 Multiply
2
2x + x − 6 = 0 Simplify
Module 2
2
2. a) x + 2x – 8 = 0
You can use a graphing calculator or complete the square.
y
x
4 2 2 4
2
4
x = {–4, 2}
6
8
9
b) x2 + 4x + 3 = 0
y
x
4 2 2 4
2
4 x = { −3, −1}
c) x 2 + 8 x = −15
y
x
10 8 6 4 2
2 x = { −5, −3}
Module 2
d) 9 − x2 = 0 e) 2x 2 − 12x + 10 = 0
y
y
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
x
4 2 2 4
2 2 4 6 8
2
2
4
4
x = { −3,3}
6
x = {1,5}
10
f) −10 = x 2 − 12 x + 22
x 2 – 12x + 32 = 0 (Rearranged)
(x – 6 )2 – 4 = 0
2
y = (x – 6 ) – 4 is shown below. Solutions are x = 4 and x =8.
1
–1 1 3 5 7 9
z z x
–1
–3 z z
z
–5 V(6,
–4)
Module 2
g) 2
–1 = (x − 2 ) − 3
–1 = x 2 − 4 x + 4 – 3
x2 − 4x + 2 = 0
Define Y1 = X 2 – 4X + 2
Left Bound: X = 0
Right Bound: 1.0638298
Guess: 0.42553191
Solution #1 = 0.59
Left Bound: X = 2.9787234

Right Bound: 4.0425532
Guess: 03.6170213
Solution #1 = 3.41
Module 2
Lesson 2
Answer Key
1. a) x 2 − x − 12 = 0 d) x 2 + 9x + 18 = 0
bx − 4gbx + 3g = 0 bx + 6gbx + 3g = 0
x − 4 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 x + 6 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 4 or x = −3 x = −6 or x = −3
Check a): Check: d)

4 2 − 4 − 12 = 0 b−6g + 9b−6g + 18 = 0
2
16 − 4 − 12 = 0 Yes 36 − 54 + 18 = 0 Yes
b−3g − b−3g − 12 = 0
2
b−3g + 9b−3g + 18 = 0
2
9 + 3 − 12 = 0 Yes 9 − 27 + 18 = 0 Yes
b) x 2 − x − 20 = 0 e) 2x 2 + 3x − 2 = 0
bx − 5gbx + 4g = 0 b2x − 1gbx + 2g = 0
x − 5 = 0 or x + 4 = 0 2x − 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 5 or x = −4 1
x = or x = −2
2
Check: b)
Check: e)
52 − 5 − 20 = 0 2
1  1
25 − 5 − 20 = 0 Yes 2   + 3  − 2 = 0
 2  2
1 3 4
+ − =0
b−4g − b−4g − 20 = 0
2
2 2 2
Yes
16 + 4 − 20 = 0 Yes
2 (−2 ) + 3 (−2 )− 2 = 0
2
8−6−2 = 0 Yes
c) − x 2 − 2x + 3 = 0 Check: c)
d 2
i
−1 x + 2 x − 3 = 0 b g b g2
− −3 − 2 −3 + 3 = 0
−1b x + 3gb x − 1g = 0 Multiply −9 + 6 + 3 = 0 Yes
each side
bx + 3gbx − 1g = 0 by (–1)
x + 3 = 0 or x − 1 = 0 bg bg 2
− 1 −21 +3 = 0
Module 2 x = −3 or x = 1 −1 − 2 + 3 = 0 Yes
2. a) 10 x 2 − 7x − 12 = 0 Check:
b5x + 4gb2x − 3g = 0 FG 4 IJ 2
FG 4 IJ − 12 = 0
10 − −7 −
5x + 4 = 0 or 2x − 3 = 0 H 5K H 5K
4 3 16 28
x = − or x = 10 ⋅ + − 12 = 0
5 2 25 5
32 28 60
+ − = 0 Yes
5 5 5
F 3I
10G J
2
−7
FG 3 IJ − 12 = 0
H 2K H 2K
9 21 24
10 ⋅ − − =0
4 2 2
45 21 24
− − = 0 Yes
2 2 2
b) 5x 2 + 21x − 54 = 0 Check:
b5x − 9gbx + 6g = 0 F 9I
5G J
2
+ 21
FG 9IJ − 54 = 0
5x − 9 = 0 or x + 6 = 0 H 5K H 5K
9 81 189 270
x = or x = −6 + − = 0 Yes
5 5 5 5
b g 2
5 −6 + 21 −6 − 54 = 0 b g
180 − 126 − 54 = 0 Yes
b g b g
c) 3x x − 2 − x x + 1 + 5 = 0 Check:
3x 2 − 6x − x 2 − x + 5 = 0 2x 2 − 7x + 5 = 0
2x 2 − 7x + 5 = 0 F 5I
2G J
2
−7
FG 5 IJ + 5 = 0
b2x − 5gbx − 1g = 0 H 2K H 2K
2x − 5 = 0 or x − 1 = 0 25 35 10
− + =0 Yes
2 2 2
5
x = or x = 1
2
bg bg 2
2 1 −7 1 +5 = 0
2−7+5 = 0 Yes
Module 2
d) 9 1 Check:
x2 + x −2 = 0
2 2 9 5
9 5 x2 + x− =0
x2 + x − = 0 2 2
2 2
2 FG 1 IJ 2
9 1FG IJ
5
− =0
2x + 9x − 5 = 0
b2x − 1gbx + 5g = 0 H 2K +
2 2 HK
2
1 9 10
+ − = 0 Yes
2x − 1 = 0 or x + 5 = 0 4 4 4
1
x = or x = −5
2
b−5g + FGH 92IJK b−5g − 52 = 0
2
50 45 5
− − = 0 Yes
2 2 2
e) x2 + 9 = 0
Does not factor — no solution in the set of real numbers
f) 16 x 2 − 64 = 0 Check:
d i
16 x 2 − 4 = 0 bg
16 2 − 64 = 0
2
16b x − 2gb x + 2g = 0 64 − 64 = 0
bx − 2gbx + 2g = 0
x − 2 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 b g
16 −2 − 64 = 0
2
x = 2 or x = −2 64 − 64 = 0 Yes
g) 3x 2 + 16x + 10 = 0
Does not factor — no solution that can be found by

factoring.
h) x 2 + 12x − 28 = 0 Check:
bx + 14gbx − 2g = 0 b−14g 2
b g
+ 12 −14 − 20 = 0
x + 14 = 0 or x − 2 = 0 196 − 168 − 28 = 0
x = −14 or x = 2
bg
22 + 12 2 − 28 = 0
4 + 24 − 28 = 0 Yes
Module 2
A
3. Let x = shorter side of the right
triangle
x + 7 = larger side of the right
triangle
x + 7 17
Because the triangle has a right
angle,
C B
a 2 + b2 = c 2
x
b
x2 + x + 7 g 2
= 172
x 2 + x 2 + 14 x + 49 = 289
2x 2 + 14 x − 240 = 0
d
2 x 2 + 7x − 120 = 0 i
x 2 + 7x − 120 = 0
bx + 15gbx − 8g = 0
x + 15 = 0 or x − 8 = 0
x = −15 or x = 8
x = –15 is not possible as a length
∴ x = 8 m is the shorter side
x + 7 = 15 m is the longer side
4. Let x = length of side of smaller

x + 7
board
x
x + 7 = length of side of larger
board
b
x2 + x + 7g 2
= 169
x 2 + x 2 + 14 x + 49 = 169
2x 2 + 14 x − 120 = 0
–12 is impossible as a length x 2 + 7x − 60 = 0
∴ x = 5 cm bx + 12gbx − 5g = 0
x + 7 = 12 cm
x = −12 or x = 5
The length of the sides of the
smaller board are 5 cm and the
length of the sides of the larger
board are 12 cm.
Module 2
5. Let x = first odd integer

x + 2 = second odd integer
x + 4 = third odd integer
bx + 2gbx + 4g = 63
x 2 + 6 x + 8 = 63
x 2 + 6 x − 55 = 0
bx + 11gbx − 5g = 0
x = −11 or x = 5
If x = –11 is first integer If x = 5 is first integer
x + 2 = –9 is second integer x + 2 = 7 is second integer
x + 4 = –7 is third integer x + 4 = 9 is third integer
6. Let x = first positive number

x + 4 = second positive number
b
x2 + x + 4 g 2
= 136
x 2 + x 2 + 8x + 16 = 136
2x 2 + 8x − 120 = 0
x 2 + 4 x − 60 = 0
bx + 10gbx − 6g = 0
x = −10 or x = 6
Only positive numbers are asked for

∴ x=6
x + 4 = 10
The two numbers are 6 and 10.
Module 2
7. Let x = width of the pathway in m

x
2x + 40 = length of the garden
x 40 x
and pathway
30 2x + 30 = width of the garden and
pathway
x
Area of pathway and garden – area of pathway = area of garden
b2x + 40gb2x + 30g − 984 = 1200

4 x 2 + 140 x + 1200 − 984 = 1200
4 x 2 + 140 x − 984 = 0
x 2 + 35x − 246 = 0
bx + 41gbx − 6g = 0
x = −41 or x = 6
Since the width cannot be negative, x = 6 is the width of the
pathway.
8. x+5
3 Let x = width of rectangle

3 x + 5 = length of rectangle
x x–6 3 = height of box
x – 1 = length of box
3 3
3 3 x – 6 = width of box
x 1
(x + 5 – 6)
Volume = lwh
b gb g
450 = x − 1 x − 6 3
150 = b x − 1gb x − 6g
150 = x 2 − 7x + 6
0 = x 2 − 7x − 144
b
0 = x − 16 x + 9 gb g
x = 16 or x = −9
Since the width cannot be negative, x = 16 cm wide and
x + 5 = 21 cm long.
Module 2
Lesson 3
Answer Key
2 2
1. a) x – 2x – 5 = 0 b) 3x – 2x + 5 = 0
a = 1, b = –2, c = –5 a = 3, b = –2, c = 5
2 2
c) 5x – 3x – 8 = 0 d) 2(x – 2x) – 1 = 0
2
a = 5, b = –3, c = –8 2x – 4x – 1 = 0
a = 2, b = –4, c = –1
2 2
e) 5x = 9x f) 4 – 2x = 9x
2 2
5x – 9x = 0 –2x – 9x + 4 = 0
a = 5, b = –9, c = 0 a = –2, b = –9, c = 4 or
2
2x + 9x – 4 = 0
a = 2, b = 9, c = –4
2 2
2. a) x + 2x – 15 = 0 b) 2w – 3w + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = –15 a = 2, b = –3, c = 1
−b ± b2 − 4ac −b ± b2 − 4ac
x= w=
2a 2a
=
−2 ± 22 − 4 1 −15b gb g w=
+3 ± b−3g − 4b2gb1g
2
21bg 2b2g
−2 ± 4 + 60 3± 9−8
= w=
2 4
−2 ± 64 3 ±1
= w=
2 4
−2 ± 8 1
= w = 1 or
2 2
−2 + 8 −2 − 8
= or
2 2
x = 3 or − 5
Module 2
2 2
c) 7w – 3w = 0 d) 5x – 1 = 0
a = 7, b = –3, c = 0 a = 5, b = 0, c = –1
−b ± b2 − 4ac −b ± b2 − 4ac
w= x=
2a 2a
+3 ± b−3g − 4b7gb0g
2
x=
b gb g
0 ± 0 2 − 4 5 −1
2b5g
w=
2b7g
3± 9−0 ± 20
w= x=
14 10
3±3 ±2 5
w= x=
14 10
3 ± 5
w = 0 or x=
7 5
2 2
e) x – 0.1x – 0.06 = 0 f) –x – 7x – 1 = 0
a = 1, b = –0.1, c = –0.06 a = –1, b = –7, c = –1
−b ± b2 − 4ac −b ± b2 − 4ac
x= x=
2a 2a
. ±
01 b−01. g − 4b1gb−0.06g
2
x=
+7 ± b−7g − 4b−1gb−1g
2
2b−1g
x=
2b1g
. ± 0.01 + 0.24
01 7 ± 49 − 4
x= x=
2 −2
. ± 0.25
01 7 ± 45
x= x=
2 −2
. ± 0.5
01 7±3 5
x= x=
2 −2
0.6 0.4
x= or −
2 2
x = 0.3 or − 0.2
Module 2
2 2
3. a) 3x – 6x – 5 = 0 b) 2x – 4x – 1 = 0
a = 3, b = –6, c = –5 a = 2, b = –4, c = –1
x=
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
+4 ± b−4g − 4b2gb−1g
2
2a 2b2g
x=
+6 ± b−6g − 4b3gb−5g
2
x=
4 ± 16 + 8
2b3g 4
6 ± 36 + 60 4 ± 24
x= x=
6 4
6 ± 96 4±2 6
x= x=
6 4
x=
6±4 6
x=
e
2 2± 6 j
6 bg
22
x=
e
2 3±2 6 j x=
2± 6
23bg 2
3±2 6
x=
3
2 2
c) 9x – 8x – 7 = 0 d) 2x – x – 3 = 0
a = 9, b = –8, c = –7 a = 2, b = –1, c = –3
−b ± b2 − 4ac −b ± b2 − 4ac
x= x=
2a 2a
x=
+8 ± b−8g − 4b9gb−7g
2
x=
+1 ± b−1g − 4b2gb−3g
2
2b9g 2b2g
8 ± 64 + 252 1 ± 25
x= x=
18 4
8 ± 316 1±5
x= x=
18 4
1+5 1−5
8 ± 2 79 x= or
x= 4 4
18
3
4 ± 79 x = or − 1
x= 2
9
Module 2
2 2
4. a) f(x) = 5x – x – 3 b) 0 = 2x + 6x – 1
2
0 = 5x – x – 3 a = 2, b = 6, c = –1
a = 5, b = –1, c = –3
−b ± b 2 − 4ac −b ± b2 − 4ac
x= x=
2a 2a
+1 ± b−1g − 4b5gb−3g
2
x=
−6 ± b−6g − 4b2gb−1g
2
2b2g
x=
2b5g
1 ± 1 + 60 −6 ± 36 + 8
x= x=
10 4
1 ± 61 −6 ± 44
x= x=
10 4
1 + 61 1 − 61 −6 ± 2 11
x= or x=
10 10 4
−3 ± 11
x=
2
−3 + 11 −3 − 11
x= or
2 2
2
5. 3x – 5x – 1 = 0
a = 3, b = –5, c = –1
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
2a
x=
+5 ± b−5g − 4b3gb−1g
2
2b3g
5 ± 25 + 12
x=
6
5 ± 37
x=
6
5 + 37 5 − 37
x= or
6 6
Use calculator for decimals: x ≈ 1.8, –0.2.
Module 2
2
6. a) 6x + 5x – 6 = 0 b) 6 x 2 + 5x − 6 = 0
a = 6, b = 5, c = –6
b2x + 3gb3x − 2g = 0
−b ± b2 − 4ac 2x + 3 = 0 3x − 2 = 0
x=
2a 2 x = −3 3x = 2
x=
−5 ± b+5g − 4b6gb−6g
2
x=
−3
x=
2
2b6g 2 3
−5 ± 169
x=
12
−5 ± 13
x=
12
2 3
x = or −
3 2
Preference: Factoring is much more efficient.

2
7. a) 0 = x + 8x + 15 b) a = 1, b = 8, c = 15
0 = (x + 3) (x + 5)
x = –3, –5 −8 ± 64 − 60
x=
2
−8 ± 4
x=
2
−8 ± 2
x=
2
x = −3 or − 5
c) y
x
8 6 4 2
2 x = –3, –5
Module 2
2
8. a) 3(x + 3) + 5(x + 3) + 8 = 0
b) 2x − 3 + 3 2x − 3 = 0
e j
2
2x − 3 + 3 2x − 3 = 0
2 2 2
c) (x – 1) – 6(x – 1) – 7 = 0
d) x + 6x 2 = 4
1
ex j 1 2 1
2
+ 6x 2 − 4 = 0
e) no quadratic pattern
d
9. a) x 2 + 2x i − 2dx
2
2
i
+ 2x − 3 = 0
Let p = x 2 + 2x
p2 − 2 p − 3 = 0
b p − 3gb p + 1g = 0
p = 3 or p = −1
2
Replace p by x + 2x
x 2 + 2x = 3 or x 2 + 2x = −1
x 2 + 2x − 3 = 0 x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0
bx + 3gbx − 1g = 0 bx + 1gbx + 1g = 0
x = −3 or x = 1 x = −1
The solution set is {–3, –1, 1}.
Module 2
b) 2 x −2 + 4 x −1 + 3 = 0
d i
2 x −1
2
+ 4 x −1 + 3 = 0
Let p = x −1
2 p2 + 4 p + 3 = 0
a = 2, b = 4, c = 3
−b ± b2 − 4ac
p=
2a
=
−4 ± 4 2 − 4 2 3 b gb g
bg
22
−4 ± 16 − 24
=
4
−4 ± −8
=
4
∴ there are no real solutions
c) x = 6 x −2
x −6 x +2= 0
e xj
2
−6 x +2= 0
Let p = x
p2 − 6 p + 2 = 0
a = 1, b = −6, c = 2
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
p=
2a
6 ± 36 − 8
=
2
6 ± 28
=
2
6±2 7
= or 3 ± 7
2
x = 3 + 7 or x = 3 − 7 now square both sides
x = 9 + 6 7 + 7 or x = 9 − 6 7 + 7
x = 16 + 6 7 or x = 16 − 6 7
Solution set = 16 ± 6 7 o t
Module 2
d) x −1
Let p =
x
2
p − 3p + 2 = 0
b p − 2gb p − 1g = 0
p = 2 or 1
x −1
Replace p by
x
x −1 or x −1
=2 =1
x x
x − 1 = 2x x −1 = x
−1 = x −1 = 0
∴ no solution
∴ solution set −1 l q
Module 2
Lesson 4
Answer Key
2
1. a) F — The discriminant of 2x + 5x + 6 is –23.
b) T
c) T
d) F −6 + 32 −3 + 2 2
=
10 5
2
e) F — The equation x + 2x + 1 has one real root since
2
b – 4ac = 0.
2. Discriminant Characteristics of Roots

a) –15 a) no real roots
b) 25 b) 2 real rational roots
c) –9 c) no real roots
d) 0 d) 1 real root
e) 50 e) 2 real irrational roots
3. y = ax2 + bx + c = 0
If discriminant value is Graph intercepts x-axis
a) negative no times
b) zero once (is tangent to x-axis)
c) positive two times
4. a) x 2 − 8x + 16 = 0
a = 1, b = −8, c = 16
b g b gb g
2
b2 − 4ac = −8 − 4 1 16
= 64 − 64
=0
2
Because b – 4ac = 0, there is one real root.
Module 2
b) a 2 + 2a + 7 = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = 7
b g b gb g
2
b2 − 4ac = 2 − 4 1 7
= 4 − 28
= −24
2
Because b – 4ac < 0, there are no real roots.
c) p 2 − 16 = 0
a = 1, b = 0, c = −16
b gb g
b2 − 4ac = 02 − 4 1 −16
= 64
2
Because b – 4ac > 0 and equal to a perfect square, there are
two real rational roots.
d) 2x 2 + x − 5 = 0
a = 2, b = 1, c = −5
b gb g
b2 − 4ac = 12 − 4 2 −5
= 1 + 40
= 41
2
Because b – 4ac > 0 and equal to a non-perfect square, there
are two real irrational roots.
2
5. a) x
+ 4x + 4 = 0
2
Multiply through by 2:
x 2 + 8x + 8 = 0
a = 1, b = 8, c = 8
b2 − 4ac = 82 − 4 1 8b gb g
= 64 − 32
= 32
2
Because b – 4ac > 0 and not a perfect square, there are
two irrational roots.
b) x − 1 − x 2 − 3 = 0
2
Multiply each term by 2:
x − 1 − 2x 2 − 6 = 0
−2 x 2 + x − 7 = 0
a = −2, b = 1, c = −7
b2 − 4ac = 12 − 4 −2 −7 b gb g
= 1 − 56
= −55
2
c) d i
2 x 2 − 3 = 4x
2x 2 − 6 = 4 x
2x 2 − 4 x − 6 = 0
a = 2, b = −4 , c = −6
b g − 4b2gb−6g
b2 − 4ac = −4
2
= 16 + 48
= 64
2
Because b – 4ac > 0 and a perfect square, it has two real
rational roots.
d) 6x 2 − x + 2 = 0
a = 6, b = −1, c = 2
b g b gb g
2
b2 − 4ac = −1 − 4 6 2
= 1 − 48
= −47
2
Module 2
e) 4 x 2 − 12 x + 9 = 0
a = 4, b = −12, c = 9
b g b gb g
b2 − 4ac = −12 − 4 4 9
2
= 144 − 144
=0
2
Because b – 4ac = 0, there is one real root.
6. 3x 2 − mx + 3 = 0
2
If the roots are not real, b – 4ac < 0
a = 3, b = −m, c = 3
b−mg − 4b3gb3g < 0

2
m 2 − 36 < 0
−6 < m < 6 or m is in the interval ( −6, 6)
7. a) kx 2 − 6x + 2 = 0
2
If there is one root, b – 4ac = 0
a = k, b = −6, c = 2
b−6g − 4bkgb2g = 0
2
36 − 8k = 0
−8k = −36
36 9
k= or
8 2
b g
b) x 2 + k − 8 x + 9 = 0
2
If there is one root, b – 4ac = 0
a = 1, b = k − 8, c = 9
bk − 8g − 4b1gb9g = 0
2
k 2 − 16k + 64 − 36 = 0
k 2 − 16k + 28 = 0
bk − 2gbk − 14g = 0
k = 2 or k = 14
Module 2
d
8. 2x 2 + 4 x + 2 − k − k 2 = 0 i
2
The equation has one root when b – 4ac = 0.
a = 2, b = 4, c = 2 − k − k 2
b gd
42 − 4 2 2 − k − k2 = 0 i
16 − 16 + 8k + 8k 2 = 0
8k 2 + 8k = 0
b g
8k k + 1 = 0
8k = 0 or k + 1 = 0
k = 0 or k = −1
9. a) Two real roots

b) No real roots
c) One root
y
10.
11. y
Module 2
12. a) If the equation has two real roots, b2 – 4ac > 0

a = 3, b = –2, c = k
b2 − 4ac > 0
b−2g − 4b3gk > 0
2
4 − 12k > 0
−12k > −4
1 Remember that when dividing an
k< inequality by a negative number,
3
the inequality sign reverses
direction.
2
b) If the equation has a double root, b – 4ac = 0.
a = 1, b = k, c = k + 2
b2 − 4ac = 0
b gb
k2 − 4 1 k + 2 = 0 g
k 2 − 4k − 8 = 0
a = 1, b = –4, c = –8
−b ± b2 − 4ac
k=
2a
=
4± b−4g − 4b1gb−8g
2
2b1g
4 ± 16 + 32
=
2
4 ± 48
=
2
4±4 3
=
2
= 2±2 3
c) If the equation has no real b2 − 4ac < 0

2
roots, then b – 4ac < 0. b gb g
8 2 − 4 k −4 < 0
a = k, b = 8, c = –4 64 + 16k < 0
16k < −64
k < −4
Module 2
Lesson 5
Answer Key
1. a) True
b) False. For each real x, x − 3 is a real number if and
only if x ≥ 3.
c) False. For each real x, x 2 = |x|.
d) False. The real number solution set of x 2 = −3 is the
empty set.
e) True
2
f) False. For each real number x, if x = 16 then
x = 16 or x = − 16 .
g) False. Squaring both sides of x + 2 = 3x yields

x + 4 x + 4 = 9x 2 .
e j = 2x − 1
2
2. a) 2x − 1
b) e5 + x j = 25 + 10 x + x
2
c) e2 + x − 5 j = e2 + x − 5 je2 + j
2
x −5
= 4 +4 x −5 + x −5
= 4 x − 5 + x −1
3. a) bx + 2g = e 2
2x + 7 j
2
x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 2x + 7
x 2 + 2x − 3 = 0
bx + 3gbx − 1g = 0
x = −3, 1
Check: Check:
x = −3 x =1
b−3 + 2g = 2b−3g + 7 b1 + 2g = 2b1g + 7
−1 = 1 3= 9
∴ x =1
−1 ≠ 1 reject 3=3
Module 2
b) x = 2 − 2x − 5
bx − 2g = e−
2
2x − 5 j
2
x 2 − 4 x + 4 = 2x − 5
x 2 − 6x + 9 = 0
bx − 3g 2
=0
x =3
Check:
x =3
3 = 2− 2 3 −5bg
3 = 2− 1
3 ≠ 2 −1
No real number solutions or ∅.
c) 2x + 3 − x + 1 = 1
e j = e1 j
2 2
2x + 3 x +1 +1
2x + 3 = x + 1 + 2 x + 1 + 1
2x + 3 = x + 2 + 2 x + 1
x +1 = 2 x +1
bx + 1g = e2
2
x +1 j
2
x 2 + 2x + 1 = 4 x + 4
x 2 − 2x − 3 = 0
bx − 3gbx + 1g = 0
x = 3 or − 1
Check: Check:
x =3 x = −1
bg
2 3 + 3 − 3 +1 = 1 b g
2 − 1 + 3 − −1 + 1 = 1
3−2 =1 1− 0 =1
∴ x = 3 or − 1
Module 2
d) x2 − 3 +1 = 0
j = b−1g
2
e x2 − 3
2
x2 − 3 = 1
x2 = 4
x = ±2
Check: Check:
x=2 x = −2
22 − 3 + 1 = 0 b−2g 2
− 3 +1 = 0
1 +1 ≠ 0
1 +1 ≠ 0
∴ ∅ or empty set
e) x = 3x − 2 + 2
bx − 2g = e2
3x − 2 j
2
x 2 − 4 x + 4 = 3x − 2
x 2 − 7x + 6 = 0
bx − 6gbx − 1g = 0
x = 6 or 1
Check: Check:
x=6 x =1
bg
6= 3 6 −2+2 1= 31 −2 +2 bg
6 = 16 + 2 1= 1+2
6=4+2 1 ≠1+2
∴ x=6
Module 2
f) F I = b2g 2
2
H K
x 2 + 6x
e x + 6 x j = b4 g
2
2 2
x 2 + 6x − 16 = 0
bx + 8gbx − 2g = 0
x = −8 or x = 2
Check: Check:
x = −8 x=2
b−8g + 6b−8g = 2
2
bg
22 + 6 2 = 2
64 − 48 = 2 4 + 12 = 2
16 = 2 16 = 2
4 =2
∴ x = −8 or x = 2
e j = e3 j
2 2
g) 3x + 2 x− 2
3 x + 2 = 9x − 6 2 x + 2
3 x − 9 x + 2 − 2 = −6 2 x
−6 x −6 2 x
=
−6 −6
b x g = e 2x j
2 2
x 2 = 2x
x 2 − 2x = 0
b
x x −2 = 0 g
x = 0 or x = 2
Check: Check:
x=0 x=2
bg
3 0 +2 =3 0 − 2 bg
3 2 +2 =3 2 − 2
2≠− 2 8=2 2
2 2=2 2
∴ x=2
Module 2
h)
e 1− x + xj = e j
2 2
x +1
1 − x + 2 x − x2 + x = x +1
j = bx g
2
e2 x − x2
2
4x − 4x 2 = x 2
4 x − 5x 2 = 0
b g
x 4 − 5x = 0
4
x = 0 or 4 − 5 x = 0 ⇒ x =
5
Check: Check:
x=0 4 4 4
1− + = +1
1− 0 + 0 = 1 5 5 5
1 4 9
+ =
5 5 5
3 3
=
5 5
4
∴ x = 0 or x =
5
Module 2
Notes
Module 2
Lesson 6
Answer Key
1. a) True
b) False. If x ≠ 3, then 2 x − 3 b gFGH x 6− 3 + 2x IJK = 12 + x 2
− 3x.
c) True
d) True
2. a)
bx − 3gx = bx−−23g bx − 3g, if x ≠ +3
x 2 − 3 x = −2
x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
bx − 2gbx − 1g = 0
x=2 x =1
−2
Check: x =
x −3
If x = 2 If x = 1
−2 −2
2= 1=
2−3 1−3
−2 −2
2= 1=
−1 −2
∴ x = 2 or x = 1
b) 2x − 9 + x = 5 LCD is 2(x – 7) and x – 7 ≠ 0,

x −7 2 x −7 so x ≠7
b
2 x − 7 2x − 9 gb g + 2bx − 7gbx g = 5b2gbx − 7g
bx − 7g 2 b x − 7g
4 x − 18 + x 2 − 7 x = 10 Check x = – 4
2
x − 3x − 18 − 10 = 0
2
2 −4 − 9 −4
+ =
b g 5
x − 3x − 28 = 0 −4 − 7 2 −4 − 7
b
x −7 x +4 = 0 gb g −17
−2=
5
−11 −11
x = 7 or x = −4 17 22 −5
− =
It is not possible for x = 7. 11 11 11
∴ x = –4 Module 2
c)
b
x x−4 = x g FGH −x1IJK x≠0
x 2 − 4 x = −1
x 2 − 4x + 1 = 0 Not factorable
a = 1, b = −4 , c = 1
−b ± b2 − 4ac Check:
x=
2a x = 2+ 3
x=
+4 ± b−4g − 4b1gb1g
2
2+ 3 −4 =
−1
2b1g 2+ 3
=
4 ± 16 − 4
3−2=
e
−1 2 − 3 j
2 e2 + 3 je2 − 3 j
4± 4 3
= 3 − 2 = −2 + 3
2
4±2 3 Check: x = 2 − 3
= −1
2 2− 3 −4 =
2− 3
= 2± 3
− 3−2=
e
−1 2 + 3 j
e2 − 3 je2 + 3 j
− 3 − 2 = −2 − 3
∴ x = 2 + 3 or 2 − 3
d) FG 3x IJ b3x + 1g − 2b3x + 1g = b2x + 1g b3x + 1g

2
H 3x + 1K b3x + 1g
3 x 2 − 6x − 2 = 2 x + 1
3x 2 − 8 x − 3 = 0
b3x + 1gbx − 3g = 0 Check: x = 3
3x + 1 = 0 x −3 = 0 3 ⋅ 32
−2=
2 3 +1 bg
because the denominator ≠ 0 bg
3 3 +1 3 3 +1 bg
3x + 1 ≠ 0 27 7
−2=
10 10
3 x −1
≠ 7 7
3 3 =
10 10
−1
x≠ ∴x =3
3
Module 2
2x 1
gb gb
g b g b gb g
e) x − 3 2x + 3 + 2x + 3 x − 3 +
b x −3 2x + 3
b3x + 9g b2x + 3gbx − 3g = 0b2x + 3gbx − 3g
b2x + 3gbx − 3g
4 x 2 + 6x + x − 3 + 3 x + 9 = 0 Check: x = –1
4 x 2 + 10x + 6 = 0
b g+
2 −1 1
2
2
d i
2x 2 + 5x + 3 =
0
2
−1 − 3 b g
2 −1 + 3
3b −1g + 9
b gb g
2x + 3 x + 1 = 0 + =0
2b −1g − 3b −1g − 9
2
2x + 3 = 0 x +1 = 0
−2 6
−3 −3 +1 + =0
x= or x = −1, but x ≠ −4 −4
2 2
3 3
− =0
because the denominator ≠ 0 2 2
∴ x = −1
f) x 2 + 12 7x
=
x −3 x −3 Check: x = 4
2
x ≠3
4 2 + 12 7 4
=
bg
x + 12 = 7x 4−3 4−3
x 2 − 7x + 12 = 0 28 = 28
bx − 4gbx − 3g = 0 ∴ x=4
x=4 x =3
3. a) 3x = 12 Check:
3x = 12 or 3 x = −12
x = 4 or x = −4
bg
3 4 = 12
or
b g
3 −4 = 12
12 = 12 12 = 12
b) 2x − 1 = 17 Check:
2x = 18 2 ⋅ 9 − 1 = 17
or
b g
2 −9 − 1 = 17
2x = 18 or 2x = −18 18 − 1 = 17 18 − 1 = 17
x = 9 or x = −9
Module 2
c) 5x + 2 = −3 The solution set is φ where φ means empty set.
(Taking the absolute value of any quantity will never

result in a negative answer.)
d) x 2 + 4 x − 12 = 0
x 2 + 4 x − 12 = 0
bx + 6gbx − 2g = 0
x = −6 or x = 2
Check:
36 − 24 − 12 = 0
4 + 8 − 12 = 0
e) x 3 1
− =
2 4 12
12
FG x − 3 IJ = FG 1 IJ b12g or 12FG x − 3 IJ = −1 b12g
H 2 4 K H 12 K H 12 4 K 12
6x − 9 = −1
6x − 9 = 1
6x 8
6x = 10 =
6 6
10
x= 4
6 x=
3
5
x=
3
Check:
5 or 4
3 −3 = 1 3 −3 = 1
2 4 12 2 4 12
5 3 1 4 3 8−9 1
− = − = =
6 4 12 6 4 12 12
10 − 9 1
=
12 12
Module 2
f) x − 5 = 3x + 7 or x − 5 = − 3x + 7 b g
x − 5 = 3x + 7 x − 5 = −3 x − 7
−12 = 2 x 4 x −2
=
−6 = x 4 4
−1
x=
2
Check: Check:
b g
− 6 − 5 = 3 −6 + 7 −1
−5 = 3
−1
+7
FG IJ
− 11 = − 18 + 7 2 2 H K
− 11 = − 11 1 1
−5 = 5
2 2
1
∴ x = −6 or x = −
2
4. Let x = smaller positive integer

x + 4 = larger positive integer
1 1 1
− =
x x + 4 15
Lowest common denominator: 15x(x + 4)
1 1 1
b
15 x x + 4 ⋅ g x
b g
− 15 x x + 4 ⋅
x +4
b
= 15 x x + 4 ⋅
15
g
b g
15 x + 4 − 15 x = x x + 4b g
15 x + 60 − 15 x = x 2 + 4 x
0 = x 2 + 4 x − 60
b
0 = x + 10 x − 6 gb g
x = −10 or 6
Because you are considering positive integers, x ≠ –10, so

x=6
x + 4 = 10
∴ the two positive integers are 6 and 10
Module 2
5. Let x = number > 2.

1
+ 1x = 4
x
Lowest common denominator: x
1
x⋅ + x ⋅ x = 4x
x
1 + x 2 = 4x
x 2 − 4x + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = −4 , c = 1
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
2a
=
b g b−4g − 4b1gb1g
− −4 ±
2
2
4 ± 16 − 4
=
2
4 ± 12
=
2
4±2 3
=
2
= 2± 3
If the number is > 2, then x = 2 + 3.
Module 2
Review
Answer Key
1. a) 3 x 2 − 6x = 0 b) 2x 2 − 5x − 18 = 0
b
3x x − 2 = 0 g b2x − 9gbx + 2g = 0
3x = 0 x −2= 0 2x − 9 = 0 x+2=0
x=0 x=2 9 x = −2
x=
2
c) 32 x 3 − 8x = 0 d) Multiply by − 1
d
8x 4 x 2 − 1 = 0 i 6x 2 + 5x − 4 = 0
8x = 0 b3x + 4gb2x − 1g = 0
x=0 −4 1
x= x=
3 2
(2x − 1)(2x + 1 ) = 0
2x − 1 = 0 2x + 1 = 0
1 −1
x= x=
2 2
1 −1
x = 0, x = , x =
2 2
e) x4 −1 = 0 f) 3x 2 − 6x − x 2 − x + 5 = 0
dx − 1idx + 1i = 0
2 2
2x 2 − 7x + 5 = 0
bx − 1gbx + 1gdx + 1i = 02 b2x − 5gbx − 1g = 0

x =1 5 x =1
x=
x = −1 2
2
x + 1 = 0 has no solution in
the set of reals
Module 2
2
2. a) x – 2x – 8 = 0
y
roots are at –2 and 4
z z x
z
(1 , −9 )
2
b) x – 8x + 15 = 0
y
z z
x
(4 , −1 )
roots are at 3 and 5
Module 2
2
c) x – 4 = 0
y
roots are at –2 and 2
z z x
3. a) x 2 + 6x − 2 = 0
x 2 + 6x = 2
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 2 + 9
bx + 3g 2
= 11
x + 3 = ± 11
x = −3 ± 11
b) 2 x2 − 3x − 8 = 0
2 x 2 − 3x = 8
 3 
2  x2 − x +  = 8 Dividing both sides by 2
 2 
3 9 9
x2 − x + = 4 +
2 16 16
2
 3  73
x−  =
 4  16
3 73
x− =±
4 4
3 73
x= ±
4 4
3 ± 73
x=
4
Module 2
4. a) a = –1, b = –7, c = –1
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
2a
x=
b g b−7g − 4b−1gb−1g
− −7 ±
2
2b −1g
7 ± 49 − 4
=
−2
7 ± 45
=
−2
7±3 5
=
−2
b) a = 2, b = 4, c = 1
x=
b gb g
−4 ± 4 2 − 4 2 1
2⋅2
−4 ± 8
=
4
−4 ± 2 2
=
4
−2 ± 2
=
2
2
5. a) Find the value of b – 4ac
a = 4, b = –12, c = 9
b g b gb g
2
b2 − 4ac = −12 − 4 4 9
= 144 − 144
=0
b2 − 4ac = 0
There is 1 real root.
Module 2
b) 2 x2 − 6 = 4 x
2x2 − 4x − 6 = 0
a = 2, b = −4, c = −6
b 2 − 4ac = (−4 ) − 4 (2 )(−6 )
2
= 16 + 48
= 64
2
Since b – 4ac is a perfect square, there are 2 rational roots.
c) x −1− 2x2 − 6 = 0
−2 x 2 + x − 7 = 0
a = −2, b = 1, c = −7
b 2 − 4ac = (1) − 4 (−2 )(−7 )
2
= 1 − 56
= −55
2
Since b – 4ac < 0, there are no real roots.
d) 6x2 − x + 2 = 0
a = 6, b = −1, c = 2
b 2 − 4ac = (−1) − 4 (6 )(2 )
2
= 1 − 48 = −47
2
Since b – 4ac < 0, there are no real roots.
6. 3x 2 + 6 x + (3 − k − k 2 )= 0
a = 3, b = 6, c = 3 − k − k 2
b 2 − 4ac = 0
62 − 4 (3 )(3 − k − k 2 )= 0
36 − 36 + 12k + 12k 2 = 0
12k 2 + 12k = 0
12k (k + 1) = 0
k = 0, k = –1
Module 2
2
7. 3x + kx + 12 = 0 If there are two different real roots then
2
b – 4ac > 0
a = 3, b = k, c = 12
b2 − 4ac > 0
k2 − 4(3)(12) > 0
k2 − 144 > 0
k2 > 144
so k > 12 or k < −12
2 2
8. 2x – 5x = k If there are no real roots then b – 4ac < 0
a) 2x 2 − 5 x − k = 0 b) The graph does not cross
a = 2 b = −5 c = − k the x-axis.
b2 − 4ac < 0
( −5)2 − 4(2)( −k) < 0
25 + 8 k < 0
8k < −25
−25
k<
8
2 2
9. 7x + 5 = 10x Rearrange to 7x – 10x + 5 = 0
a = 7, b = –10, c = 5
2 2
discriminant is b – 4ac > (–10) – 4(7)(5) = 100 – 140 = –40
Module 2
1 1 2
+ =
10. a) b gb g
x + 2 x +1 x −1 b gb
x −1 x +1 g
LCM: b x + 2gb x + 1gb x − 1g
Multiply each term by LCM and simplify.
b g b gb g b
1 x −1 +1 x + 2 x +1 = 2 x + 2 g
x − 1 + x 2 + 3x + 2 = 2x + 4
x 2 + 2x − 3 = 0
bx + 3gbx − 1g = 0
x = –3, x = 1
x ≠ 1 because the denominator would become 0
∴ x = –3
b) 2 x + 5 = 2 2x + 1 square both sides

2x + 5 = 8x + 4 2 x + 1 isolate radical term
4 − 6 x = 4 2x square
16 − 48x + 36 x 2 = 32 x
divide by 4
36 x 2 − 80x + 16 = 0
9x 2 − 20x + 4 = 0
b9x − 2gbx − 2g = 0
2
x= , x=2
9
Check:
2 x=2
x=
9 2 ⋅ 2 + 5 = 2 2 ⋅ 2 +1
2 2 9 = 4 +1
2⋅ + 5 = 2 2 ⋅ +1
9 9
3≠5
49 4
=2 +1 ∴ x = 2 is extraneous
9 9
7 2
= 2 ⋅ +1
3 3
2
7 7 Solution: x =
= 9
3 3
Module 2
c) 3 x − 2 − 2x − 3 = 1
3x − 2 = 1 + 2 x − 3
3x − 2 = 1 + 2 2x − 3 + 2x − 3
x = 2 2x − 3
e j
2
x 2 = 2 2x − 3
b
x 2 = 4 2x − 3 g
2
x − 8x + 12 = 0
bx − 6gbx − 2g = 0
x = 6, x = 2
Check: x = 6 Check: x = 2
18 − 2 − 12 − 3 = 1 6−2 =1+ 4 −3
4−3 =1 2=2
x = 6 or x = 2
5 2 6
d) + =
x + 3 x x +1
Multiply by x(x + 3)(x + 1)
b g b gb g b g
5 x x + 1 + 2 x + 3 x + 1 = 6x x + 3
5x + 5x + 2d x + 4 x + 3i = 6x + 18x
2 2 2
5x 2 + 5x + 2x 2 + 8x + 6 = 6x 2 + 18x
x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0
bx − 2gbx − 3g = 0
x = 2 or x = 3
e) dx 2
+ 2x i + dx
2
2
i
+ 2x = 12
2
Let y = x + 2x
y 2 + y − 12 = 0
b y + 4gb y − 3g = 0
y = –4 or y = 3
x 2 + 2x = −4 or x 2 + 2x = 3
x 2 + 2x + 4 = 0 bx + 3gbx − 1g = 0
φ x = −3 or 1
Module 2
f) x 2 − 2x − 8 = 0
bx − 4gbx + 2g = 0
x = 4 or –2
Check: x = 4 Check: x = –2
2 2
|4 – 2(4) – 8| = 0 |(–2) – 2(–2) – 8| = 0
x=4 x = –2
g) x + 5 = 2x − 3 b
x + 5 = − 2x − 3 g
x + 5 = 2x − 3 x + 5 = −2 x + 3
− x = −8 3 x = −2
x=8 −2
x=
3
Check:
8 + 5 = 16 − 3 −2
+5 = 2
−2 FG IJ
−3
13 = 13 3 3 H K
13 −13
=
3 3
13 13
=
3 3
−2
∴ x = 8 or
3
11. Let x = first positive integer

x + 1 = second positive integer
b g
x x + 1 = 72
x 2 + x − 72 = 0
bx + 9gbx − 8g = 0
x = –9 or x = 8
Since x is positive, then the two integers are 8 and 9.
Module 2
12. b14 − x g = b13 − x g + b6 − x g

2 2 2
196 − 28 x + x 2 = 169 − 26 x + x 2 + 36 − 12 x + x 2
0 = x 2 − 10 x + 9
bx − 9gbx − 1g = 0
x = 9 or x = 1
x ≠ 9 since this would result in the side measuring (6 – x)
to be negative, and a side cannot have a negative length
∴x=1
13. Let x be the lesser number and x + 1 be the greater.
1 1 8
+ = L.C.D. = 3 x (x + 1 )
x x +1 3
1  1  8
3 x (x + 1 )  + 3 x (x + 1 )  = 3 x (x + 1 ) 
x  x +1 3
3 (x + 1 ) + 3 x (1 ) = x (x + 1 )(8 )
3x + 3 + 3x = 8 x2 + 8 x
8 x 2 + 2x – 3 = 0
–2 ± 22 – 4 (8 )(–3 ) –2 ± 4 + 96 –2 ± 100
x= = = = ...
2 (8 ) 16 16
–2 + 10 8 –2 – 10 1 –2 – 10 –12 –3
... = = = = or = = = .
16 16 16 2 16 16 4
1 1 2 3
x +1 = +1 = + = .
2 2 2 2
We reject the negative answer (question 14
says that the two numbers are positive).
1 3
Therefore, the numbers are and .
2 2
Module 2

Pma11 Mod2 SMkey

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Principles of Mathematics 11 Answer Key, Contents 171

Module 2: Answer Key

Section 1: Quadratic Functions

Section 2: Solving Equations

1. a) A is not a function because (2, 1) and (2, 3) have the same

b) Change into the slope-intercept form:

2. x = 1 or x = –1, from the graph

c) The axis of symmetry is at the point half way between

1. State whether each statement is true or false. If this

m) False, because the range of the function is y ≤ 4, y ∈ R. The

7. A point on the curve is (2, 6).

Vertex (0, 4) (0, 0) (0, –1) (0, 1)

Domain x∈R x∈R x∈R x∈R

12. If the vertex is at (0,–3), the function has been shifted

c) shifted horizontally 1 unit to the left and stretched

4. Complete the table.

Vertex (–2, 0) (1, 0) (3, 0) (–6, 0)

3. Complete the following table.

Vertex (1, 2) (1, –2) (–1, 2) (–1, –2)

Domain x∈R x∈R x∈R x∈R

Maximum value None –2 None –2

4. Direction of Axis of Wider or

H 2K H 2K Complete the square

Note: Factor out 1 2

ii) V(3, 9); Equation of axis of symmetry: x – 3 = 0

vi) Because the graph opens downward, it has a

i) For convenience, replace f:x → with f(x) or y

vi) Because the curve opens upward, it has a

ii) V(–2, 4); Equation of axis of symmetry: x = –2

Factor out 2 and

ii) V(3, 1); Equation of axis of symmetry: x = 3

5. a) Group the terms containing the variables

b) Since a is positive, the curve opens upward and will have

The x-intercepts are –1 and 3.

iii) Axis of symmetry equation: x = 1

v) Opens upward because a is positive

ii) x-coordinate at vertex:

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = –7

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = –60

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0)

v) Opens upward because a > 0

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0)

v) Opens upward because a > 0

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = 6

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = 4

iv) y-intercept (let x = 0) = –2

Remember, you only need three sides roped off.

3. Let x = additional number of trees to be planted.

Since a is positive, a minimum occurs at at x = 7. If x = 7, then

Maximum income of $67 500 results with five decreases in the

Since a squared number can never be negative, there

k) Let x = 0 to find y-intercept

5. To find the x-coordinate find the x-coordinate of the

∴ coordinates of the vertex is at (3, –4)

∴ vertex: (4, –14)

∴ Since a > 0, the curve opens upward and has a minimum

9. Let x be the additional number of passengers over 100.

y = −0.2b x − 25g + 3125

∴ an additional 25 passengers will give a maximum income

Solve 2x + 2y = 200 for y in terms of x

∴ when x = 50 m, the maximum area is 2500

Left Bound: X = 2.9787234

Check a): Check: d)