... L ;.

_

CONTENTS

Illustrctions

External Clamps ' : .. , . . .. 1-15

EXfernaLEqualizing Clamps without lock •.•. , ....•....•.•••.

External Equalizing Clamps wit~ Lock ••....••...•.•.. : ....•

External Pull Down Clamps ;: • .: ' .....••... , ...• , .

External Equalizing Pull Down Clomps .: .••... , •••......••. ,

External Swing Clornps ". ; .• :. " .

External Equclizlnq c;Iamps Vo(ith_ FI~ating Cam ......•.•..•.•..

1~5 36-45 46-64 65-84 85-165

166-173

..... .: _, ...

lnternol Clamps .: ;.~ .....•....... ; ~., 174""213

Irytefnal Pu!fDqwn Clamps .~. ~' ....•....• , s ; : ••• ,.... 214-240

;t., ):c. 17- ~1

Internal Equalizing Pull Down Clamps .; ' •. , .. , ." ••.•

.~ _. ...' . ..

Jrlte~nal Two-Position Clamps' . .' .••.•..•...•• - .. ' .• _., •.... _ ••

Gall! Clamps. - .....•.. -: - ,. ; ••............. '.

. C_-eri!ei"lhg ..•• ~ ~:'~. ~ •..•..••••• ~ •••••• ; - •••••• : •• : • . .• , ••

T:oe CIC!mps..·.: .. ~:.- ......................••....• ·.; ...••.. ".

".

;:

241-267 268-276 277-328 329-'355 356-393

Clamplng':indheRear ~",'" _~ ........•... " . ;.. . .. .•. . . . 394-401

Und~rri~aih i:taIl3P~ ~ .. ~: . : . ~' .. . ..•............. " _ - 402-418

Pusher Clamps .... , .• '. " ...........•. '" •..• ' ., ......• , , . . 419-459

Knife' Clamps •...•... ' • , ' - ..••.••......•..•... " . ; .....•. ' 46~464'

Two Direc:tional Clamping _~ ......•• :; .•..• -, ....• ; •.. ; . . • 46S-49 1

Gomb:nOfion-C1_9mping- . : ,-, C_:-';.' : .;;; •• ;-;~ •• "'0. ,'-;~ "-.-; ;'; , ;: ;c.-;-:49Q-528- Raising the Parts'; .. ~ ........•......•.•........•..... , ... ~~ 529-548

._ - ., -

Strap Clornps ...... , .. , , •... ' •.•... , .•• '" ...•••........ , . _ 549-575'

.... ... ,.. -~.. ".. _-

Vfi:dking Strap -Clcmps .... : .•......••.. , •..... : 0 ~:. •• :., .. '.' .: 576-,.602

. _, ....... ,...... .-. .. .

Wedge C].Qmps~~~ .:.. :. +' - _-.,':"; ' ; - ..

Vacuum Clamp~n9;::";""""" ~ : , 0 ••••

Vise Typ~CI?mps ; . : ~ ~ .

.- Vise. Jaws' •.••• ; •.. 0 ••• 0 •• ; ~,~ ; ••••••• .-:; • ; ••• ; ••• ; ; ••• - ." , ••

Multipfe • loading foe •••• , ••••• S; .. 0 .

_. ... :". ~ .;

Toggle"li'nk Clamping .. o.o .. ~ , •• ··:··.

Collets (Externql) ..........••...•...•.• 0 ••• ' ••••••••••• 0 ••

~. ; _ ; L' '.'

Co !lets (Internal) ; •..... 0 0 •••• 0 •••••••••••• : ••••• , •••••••

603-.-619 62<hS23 624-651 652:.:666 667:"721 722-747 748-759 760-770

Chucks .. 0 ••••• o· 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 0: ••• '.' ••• ;/ • • • •• 771-792 •

Chuck Jaws. •...... , , . , .•... 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 • .-.'. 0 .! ~ ~ o· 79"J-797 < •

Diaphragm Clamping ,. ~ ••. ::. _ •. - •... 798"-.808 •

Automatic Clamping ' .-........................ 809-877

Jocks .•.•..•.•••......••..••• , .• 0 0 •• 0 0 •• 0 •••••••••••••• ' 878 -s- 900

xix

·1-

7-4

..

Answers to Problems in What Is Wrong with This Design?

Illustration 1388:

The cam and the clamp post with its pin co~ld not be assembled. A vertical slot should

be provided at the left end of the endmilled groove for the retracting pin. Then the damp post and its pin may b~ lowered in the bore to engage the com. See Illustration 950.

•

. w' ~ ~_ .;" ._

;;; .. 10.' ,_. ='"- .. to

. . - .

: ""!_ .• ..:

~:-

._

il1ustration 1389:

The cern that raises the right [ock post will rotate as the knurled knob is turned. This' . cam needs a.·slotfor a dcg point set screw. See Illustration 916.

. - :~. ..~

Cyjindrie~1 ;ut~B • when" fitted. in+o tlie • sockets 'of'A ectu- • e+es Ihe:damp,.' :' ..

A

0: A

. : Illustration 1390: :

.'_. It is ~ot 'po~sibhi to:-assemble the spring and 'its button in the shaft nor to drill the hole.

The hole should be, drilled from the end of the shaft and shown accordingly. The button for the:spring shou~d'belonger. No airventhas' been. provided.'

•

¥ "" :; .. It ~ ~ ~ ~ ~_. a _

• .. c, ~~ .. &- •

• • •

•

.. C'"-" • 4! •• C: ... 'Jo

Hlustration f391:

-- -'-,"

.~ The hole' in the shaft i; not large ~nough to permitthe com to be inserted. The angle of the cam is too large to provide strong damping, action.

~ ;_', .

~~. '.., .._ -:"

.; _.-'t- -..... •

. ;_-; . "~~ ~._ .. ~ ,._ c.....;.~:...!

.~ ",.~

; The h~jeiinA dnd B-~cre not rorge:enough to allow the do~el pins of C to rotate sufficienti'y'to retroct'A cndB. See Illustration 225,

.,

IHustration J 393;

• _.... _ • ""1:' -: .~ -,) , "I' . '., ..' _. ""_ .. ~; --,

The: narrawpottlOP, of the Tee of the iack post is not cut high enough on the

.~lIoW-the post to be~etroc,ted. - . ..., ..

post to

........ ,,,_";i----'-

,. "

jllystration 1394: .,._

>!- _._. ...._:-", -&.....,_ ~ _.:.~ ~ -. L"'_' ," - ~

.~ .,. : The e<::ce~tri~~d~th~ v~rti~al.po~t ~ou1d no(beaiSembled.:

¥ ~', -e ~ '.-:- vc, '-.--' _'.

Ulu~frati~n~1395: '. ~":2:" _ : : . ~" ~ '> : •

~ :.: :.~':. :Th_~ ~os~a~d;e:eq~ciliZi;9 tru~n'i~n ~ould ~oib~ a~e~b~d: S~e lilu~ra;jo; 150.

• : .. :. : ~ :. : '~ .• ~..: l' '~. ",,'.) .,- :.:;; .. ~.:: ~ ~:' < ~~. .,;-

~~lItustraticn·1396:: .." :; ,.-; . : . ., ; $ " • -.~ .. ' '.

'" ... • 1l- ~_ '0 ""7J .~~ _~ . _'" , .• ., Of" - .".. • .+ :!I- ~ ._ .. - Q. "' -> ••

: " : : ,:. .. :Tl\e inclined hi:lle'c~~ld not be Jrilied~ffl;m eit6er:en~. See Illustration '1505.

~ .~. ~ ~ : • ~; cO·::_ "~.~ < ..,_" ~.~. .. ~ . ; .'-'"

#- • ..::-- • ";::~ • 7t "::] ~ ~ ".-." .. : -L "I ~ ':".. .,..,... ..

:nlustr~ti~ri:1397:~:: ~... .. "::: ~ .. ~ -' ~ "

• :"", .' .. ~ - r... : ~ '"; .,~ • 4. ... .... • ._. "

• s ~ "There i$~no'end clearance for the totating ami.

- . ~ ~.-~

C"'~ i·~ .. { .. t-t:_;,..~

r. c.

. '

c.:.. ;"':',: .:...,~; C--" C"-' '::' t- . .J.. ::_.

~ e .~ :.: _~ s : ~ .. " .: _-

• ~ .. -; UlustratiolT·1398:. • .~ : •

: • <: ~ : :. TKe ihaft could~o; b~ C:5se:m~ej ~ith: th: t~n~io~. ~h; thre~d~elief 'should

~ .• ~ • :: t;nd"ad~dow~t~ th~ borlzontal centerline.: See \Ilu5tr~tion 93.-

.,.._ "!o " ,. ~ 0_ ~. -". -.....,

be ex-

::,: -

.;.,.

2

The srnellenqle of the dam. p shait rig"'dr-" [ -' '.

the p' rt 1-h d - . . lye amps .

rotati~n: "_~ ~g~po(nt setscrew preventing '~!s :-','

.~~. :.' :

~'.

'~:~

C·..,...;-,_ 'r __ - ,. : ,"

r

I

r tw Th.e damp' is'actuated by a reck and pinion- The -;

of laws whd ich were held apart by the small s~ring -

are orce to clernp by pin A. ' .'

...- External Clamp ..

{,""I;'_"'-"'~ :o&a."'#O",·"' __ ~ - ....,·.i· • .- •• _~

. -

. ~

.. ~

... .

5-10

When expanded by air, the rubber hose damps the part; released of air, it clears the bore. Use limited to light work.

6

5

Thin waii rubber hose In a he//cO'I groove

"

External Oan;p .:

External Clamp

7

-~ .

J

........ -.......-:-----. -..

For flne~ oofostment- -

{o .:... ~ ~

1: '}' .- 'IF, • ~~ .. e • :, ~;." 'I _ •

The position oHhe'part when clamped<may be changed br turnif1g the.LH. nut to an- ~

other of'its 'eight Ioc(ing positions~ ~," • • ~, • '

. - ...... '- .",c"" ,_ It....... .:,. "

: • ~eriial CI~mp

-\. . ~ . . "

The p~rt~nt~rs only as far as st6'p A. ClampS is actuated hy.'internal cone C. Obse.~e·

how the pivots for damp B are devised. _

External Clamp

8

C <'

C (- .. ~-

,eccentric rotates thepaft until it against A. Note the airvenf and the

,'.t."m"",,,, stop, ~:::... -:

External Clamp

z;

c,

~.-

-f---f--+- For .removaioi' a/r: when T/llin9.~

wt'fh oil. .'

Key pre,-enfs furn/nq brhd_rdened wa.sti.ers A and sp"ings.-

. ,~

10

.,

, .

'-

L---1------nr IS brazed in position to pre:ent I;akage, 'Wall squ~ezing the closefITting part, piston must heve dose toler-

Extetrlal Clamp

71-15

12

.- ......... ~

\

..

•

.~

•

~~n~ Clamp

External Clamp

-,~

........ ;.___ .

c .:~-

'- .•.

/ i

The ,-i;lamping operation is not es, strong as it might flresumed to be. Less than half of -the damp bends in the damping:operation. _ ".

c

q

,-

External Clamp

.- '--_._._- .. __ .

. _"_,._--_._,._, ..

19-23

76-18

~- A fixture may be:comprised of sev'"eral clcmps, Some damps are designed to centralize the part or an imp~rt~mt portion of it, ether; to equalize tnemse.!ves about an already positioned

portion. of the Part. ' . ~ .

,." • 'IF • • • ...

.. .

c §o: ..

.. . .. .; ..

~ •. .

•

-

screw A is-free of pin B, but in unclemp position the

moves. B to the heed of A to limit the expansion of the end+o retrad the damp. This toggle type of clamp ably n~eds a stop, ".' .

• .. . .

• • .. ¥ ..

• • '.

, ~ .. .. ..

~. --: ..

...J • _;_- c:::

:.... __ . -_.

. -.,~' ....

• •

... i;. r: L ,:__ .~ c'

~ v- '. .....', ~,' 4..t-~

External Equalizing Without· LocI(; <.::

'--_' ,--~-'" ;.. ~-.,;."..¥-,

L.

'"

.. -.-_., ~~~~

!Io... C C'-4~,C-

._ _ :.___ c~ c: ..;::

c< c.. 'C' ;.:~ ~:-:

{: , The springs ellow the clamps to equali4eclf ia portion of the part is a bit to the right of center. the springs will ec-

commodate th~ portion that is off center. .

~ .. ' The iIl~trated sp;ing~forces C against pinS and ~inoves - the damp to the part .• In clamp position .the,head of cap

. . ~, ;:_. ;:: ~~~'Equali4ing VI"Hhout U;cr

r

-- ...... _

" .. -

t, .... ~

{~. ~- .] 8

-17-

~-_~ _ec~ _

Roder arm A can. rock about nut B~ the clearance and spherical base of - the. nut permi;tfing, it to do so. The. washer-type springs prevent excessive

-damp pressure,.. ._ ". ,. ,-.. ..

•

'.

•

,;: .

: . N~t S:sliqeslothe left and right in.:.an~ob(ong T·ilot. therebyaUow<

'1' ing [}.and Eto equelize and force clamps f and G to damp. .

c.. c: :f?cternal Equalizing W'tthout Lock.

.' ~

~ .....

"

" .. , v

"'-:- :"":"'"?:. -"" :..._;

~.,

.. -. -'- -

When pin A is in the slot in the bolt, the .. prevented from turning.

external EquatlZing Wrthout Lock:

22

~',_. '-."... -J."

' ....... _·,.._· .. L.

Externa! Equaliiing Without Lock

z~-.. j... ••

c

c ... :

G.

c.

.- .

STEAQY REST

oIL, __

:..._

""- .

~etnal EquatlZing Without Lod:

;__ ,,:.

24-28

24

C<Jm E ectua+ss rocker arm C which ;£1 turn actuates 0 endDi and they in turn cause shafts f and Fl to move the two i~ws A Cam E !leiS <l damping angle and a retracting

angie, . •

.'

25

29-32

Cam D damps B as C clamps A. Thd ower source applied to E ;noves D an ~n!y through the streng spnn7! mov,:s C. F and G are retraded by sme: er springs.

H retracts C. ,

F

.. -:- ..

Extem.51 EcpJ<llizing Without Lock

__ ... . I·"

. . .

•

o

o

~ . '<Y.

o

o

External Equalizing Wdhout Leek-

27

External Equar.zing Without lock

2.6

'-

-s

'-

t"

SLOTTW BE.LLEVILLE WASHE':S

Th" " .. " 11 w the clamps to be equalized .

e sprmgsa 0

External Equalixirig Without Lock

32

;"Note how the end of shaft A is milfed to cree+e -:: key A.

External Equarrzrng Without locI:

28

C and F are equalizers. Observe" how D E ~ilize the same shaft in a tongue ,:nd manner. G retrads the damps. GlmB equalizes a peir of damps.

'l

External Equalizing Without Lode

External Equalizing Without lock

&tamal" E'lualizing Without lock.

13

33-36

34

35 .

• i

33 .

._

...... ~

-.

External Equali;:ing With?~Lo~k

. . ,

- . .

'Handle F utilizes the acme threads of Band' Eto move - 'as the 'spring' moves A to the par+, In -the cromping op-

·· ... r·At"'" confinued-rurninq of F for-ces shoulder.G to move nder C which spreads the collet lock, In the unclernpoperation shoulder H of E retractsA.

.. ".

External. Equali:dng 'Nith Lock

39

r
___.J
~ '-- External Equartzing Without Lock

.... },- ~. ,~:;., .;,;-_"-.

J _ ... ~ _:"-. c·

__ . EXTERNAl. 'EQUALIZiNG: CLAMPS \/IITH lOCK

t:M;~y e.:qualizing d~mp~ h'bve limited rigidity.: Ifthe portion of the part being damped wer-e , subjected to heavy cutting .pressure, the part could move the damps . In such instances a [ocki

device, may be added. = :L:z.., , ';::,Z.= - , ...

;: ~ ", . .• :~1.T._~:g,ir-.:~_~~.:::, .. ::~,/: .' - gr' ~

~ _h'" [:-~~: • :L:_ __ ~,:.

~"~-~~ ~5·.!~.-, ~:::~>.;;~~,~.:~

.. . .

Cis set screwed to Eand D to C.A clamps the

jaws. 8 locks the collet. .

< •

See Power Sources for Clamp Posts category for larger illustrations of the cam wedge A lock. Thejews move horizontally.

~ .

External Equalhing With Lock

External Equalizing \Nith Lock

for locking ciamp in position

Wedge A. which revolves. acts as a lock during the damping operation.

...

External Equalizing With Lock

- .. ------~--------

---- - - ----- --

----_ -----------

- -------------- ----- -_------.

. ~, '.~

15

40-43

... . - ... -

j t

"i' ~ j ,

: i ;. t

A and B move in slot F-of C <is well"as in }ha bare. 'Sp~ing D spreaqs the raws. [}uriQg ;the clamping operation the strong colle+ [ocks the -clamps. The key prevents E from

rurning. : : . :.:_ : _ <

Extern~1 Equalizing With lock

.40

44-45

-

Collet needs suff/c!enf clearance wifh B : nof to expand until pori /s clamped._ Collet holds clamp star/onary .

~ . .

Note how Cis prevented from turning.

External Equalizing With Lock

,",_.,.,

c.

AI-

Dog point set screws, not

shown. prevent A and B from turning. Note the locking method.

'-

External Equalizing Wrth Lock

43

~ -

Eccentric- locks clamp

External Equalizing With Lock

s:

'7 think and think, for months, for years, ninety-nine times the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am _ ~ght. " ALBERT EINSTEIN

The collet must be strong enough not to clamp before the [ews have fully clernped.,

Externlll Equalizing Wrth Lock

External Equauzing With lock

...

/ /

11

j I

46-48

,

- :.i

. ;-' . :~

.. '

"

dJ

.: :-F~T

·fo~· : l I J

y .•

I

46 •.

, As A. which i~ pinned to nut B. is turned clockwise it pulls 0 up and. by means of E. pulls F down . . Continusd turning of A rotates C and pushes it ~~own to damp POSitiOA_ (' ; ..

External Pull Down

47

...... -..,,_-

I. \ ( """, I

ho /"\ • ) -/

.> »<:> / ,/

/ .

,/ Clampmg

49-54

50 !

54

External Pull Down

External Pull Down

rAfter the.handle pulls bacithe damping wedge, th~ damp may be-

otated as Indicated .' - ..

. External Pull Down

: Tlie: cam must be directly . under .. the damp button in or·der to be effective>. .

External Pull Down

52

-_"_-

External Pull Down

External Pull Down

61-66

AcJ;'usfable for var/oos thickrfesses of 3lin/lar parts

"One man with courage mahes a

7!lajor~ty. rs M'TJREW JA~KSON

. - .

N~e :the: use of the ~t scr~w~nJ g~oove to .. limit the" movement of t~e cam. ~

~ , -

. . .

• •

. ~ .

External 1}11I Down:

E/ctemal Pull Down

External Pull Down

r ,

~"d1

-:-:

EXTERNAL "EQUALIZiNG" PUtl. DOWN ClAfViPS·

::,:,-",,-,~

-s- '-.-: ~-: •. ~;.

Erlernal Pull DoWn

. qbserve th~· useofspreoders, r~ke~a~s! ~~~bleJinksi float~.n~.Ri,!1stshaftendp!~Yi or spher-

.iC<l1 trun:~~ns as meon~. of equalizing c1?~Pf;t',:ii2T~ g:~Ei~F':'!t;'i¥~~f'l E~ '.

,:.~_, c. ,,:.~-.:.:~,.;:~

KICker Jb remove part Erl~rnal Pull Down

Extern4!l1 Pull Down

External Equalizing Pull Down

•

-;.

;'."

.'" .

. .

. I ~, ~

67 -69'

".,,:

67

.' ~

.~

. ~

.,

'.

68

.. __ ,- -- .r .... _ .... _

70":"'72

.. ~

- ..•.. ' ....

- -

e .... _ =- ~

-: .: ...

•. ~ .': ' I.: .~.

. .

When ·handle K is raised, valve H all~/s air to. enter throucJ,h F an-d pass thro.ugh B Jo.the, piston's chamber C to. -clamp the part. At the same < ·time,. the'Yalvepass~s release

.~. opening E, ellowinq the ~irin ,lower;'chamber 0 to. escape ~through G .•

. -~-- ~- ...

'Wn;n the-handle islow;red, • •

• '. valve: H . permits air to enter . th~ough F epd pass through E _. to. chernber.D to. unclernp the per+, At the same +irne, the air in dfeu;,ber C passes out through B and A.

- "to . .-. ~

c· ........

c I-------=--~ 0

~.'-.........._

0;

--:

(- ...

_;_. -

_ .... -,. .. - i..."

• ~... d- ....

69

..... L

. 'orin same pia

':.:. _. External Equaraincj Pull Down

.-

_-

~~

I ENLARGED. DEVELOPMENT 11 • OF RATCHE.T _ I

¥-'--t-.-----.- ------ +.

(-- c .-

. "Cooperation is' not a sentiiruint .;;... it is an econornic necessity."

. CHAlUES STEINJ>,1E'l"Z

...... . .

The threads must be cut on different diameters fer assembly purposes, Shaft endp1ay

permits the clamps to. equelize, . -

&ternal Equalizing Pull Down

Flafs are for furnlng of screw for act;vsfmenf External Equalwng Pull Down

73..:..76

77-81

: ..

:j

-73

78

The links and pins B allow the damps to equalize. Gimbals A permit the damps to swing clear of f~e _part.

'.

j

/

. -

. .

: . .;. .

$p;'inqs act as equalizers and Rri_vef!t 0 ver. r:

clal7"Jp/ng

:

• Ir .to

1 •

External Equalizing Pull Down

Square

External Equalizin.g Pull Down

74

7S

3 CLAMPS IZO" APART

I

I

.-:-L-~-- - ------\ -

&tamar Equalizing Pull Down .~ -.

Flats allow odjuslment of clamp pressure

J I

A

/

/ .

Wedge cam A raises the clamp post the rocker arm that actuates the two

The three flats on the oolt ellow 1/3 pitch ad-

6fthe damp post. - "_ _ _

• ExtemalEqualiling Pull Down

i~ __ ~Erl::ffi:-:n:al~Eq:u:a:lm:':ng~P:u:n~D~:ow::_n~ __ ----_l--_:---- ~~~----~----~--------~----~

rzS.

Extem~1 Equalizing pun Down

c'

i-I

! ~

. ,

: ) ;"i; ',

. '

-- v..

82-85

82

83

. .

89

External ~Swing_Clamp

J

In some instances the same fixture may be used for sirniler parts of varyi~g heiq~ts .. :This d~sign accommodates- severel heiqhtverieficos, _.

. External Swing Clamp "

External S~~9 Clamp

\ 1 i

I

-

eccentric pi~'p~vides <ldjustmentif a~a~ o·~ othe; .~ source becomes worn.

Externa[ Swing. Clamp

External Equalizing Pull Do~n

CLAMP POST'

FOR RELEASE _~ Rectanqatar slof.

Wedge A'~action on the damp' post pulls down the two iawscal1owing__them to pivot about the rollers. Note the release wedge on the right. 'fwq_ air cylinders actuat~the wedges.

85

-. ~ ..,_:.

~, ..

93~ :'Flats for holding

._. "'--- .

.• '--.c' .• __ ,

94

External Swing. Clamp

._ "'_'

External Swing Clamp

.---,.,._._----_ ..

.. .. _-------_ .. _------------ ... _---. --_ ...

External Swing Clamp

- EXtern~,1 Equalizing Pull Down

External Equalizing Pull Down

;..-

~:. Ftcf·:i?·~~.:.~~o'-·.;:E- vTtR'Nf~l- S\Plltl:'n·~c· l'l\fu'PS'

~. ___,. '" ----.-""- .. ,,_, J\. B. L.. M.... JV!lf~\:;oi .. ng.

_;.;:~.~:. -;'~~. ·~~·-~,G-:_·¢·;,-~:~-;-::'-.:·_ ,- . _ . _

Cia~~;- ~:Z:~~'fi/~wung or rotaf~i~~t of and into p~~iti'on t~ remove and reload parts. ; may b'el'T'l0ved by:~hand or by linkages, gears, cams, kickbacKs, rocker arms, or various spd~g.;5uChcis garter,torsion, extensio.n/"or compression -; If i~ necessary to retract some

a c;nsid~rabl~ dtsia~ce from the d6mping area. r> -__~,: .'

C rotates clamp Band D. clamp A. The kickbecks retract me damps.

ExterMI Swing Clamp

r

95-99

700- 70

>-

}

95

, Keeps shaff from

· . .

• •

• .. ti!: •• • :&-

External Swing Clamp

· . ,

96

"I don't think much of a ~~ ~hO is not wiser today than he was yesterday. "

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

97

RacKS and pinion ~rotateshaftC and eccentric F.which fitsiri- the bore of clamp A in the c1.3mpinq-operotion the "sprinq-loeded button pushes A to clamp __ position as eccentric F pulls A down. In the undamping operation the kickback

- pin that frts in a siotof A strikes D of the-

- slot and swings A outward.

c_

98

shaft D is turned, the eccentric a- ~~tionof D - raises i;!nd

_ A. In Hie clamping operation-thee por+ionof D strikes ,cl"'I11P A an~ ro+etes the damp to s;!af!1p position as eccentric it down.llT_the unclamping operationcthe.torsion spring swings:

clernpoutwerd as eccentric B r~ises. ciampA;-- __ .

--, :..._

8

External Swing Clamp

,-

&ternal Swing Clamp

.. 'r" '"

..... .._. : -, ~--;';' .. ._

Endpfay of the rack is needed to pu.!f d?wn the damp.

External -Swing Clamp _

.:

~-: .1,: c-·

'hGJn ~

External Swing Clamp

~a damp. post must be al~wed to him only a portion of

m. ~ -

External Swing. Clernp.

External Swing Clamp

'- -

,". :-'<

.. 1 ~~:lr

, ~ :

I) :

104-105

104

11_ - - - - - - i-'''--"-.<L--#,--LL..__''_~:__

II +---1.---

~-- -----:l::-¢- ~~=r~

--==.-:.... =~

"!he power is transferred through pinion D which has racks on opposite-sides, one for D end the other for A to which the tachedby pin E. Pinion 0 moves C hori7r.r,g. causing C in tum to move A vertically . mating racks. As A is moved downward swings In place and damps. .. ,

r-

-r---r ~_;-f

I I

I t

I I

I I

I

Side V,;~W of A

External.Swin9. Clamp

I - ~-~~--~~~~~~~4-~------~~

4rawn90"· out of - posifion

Extern,,! Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

106-709

External Swin9 Clamp

Pin 0 is in damp C and functions in cam %ove B of A When A is raised. pin Of which rotates about E 8; the ~rc indicates; enters the indine? !cam I, portion e groove S to create the damping force. Observe the dClDlPm9 enqle of the

Cam groove. • ..

External S.mg Clamp

... __ .. _._.-._._---------------

External Swing Clamp

110-114

II!

110

-. ··--.7.~·,,,,.·_,-__,;.,,,,,,,,~~_,,,,,,,_~-~~'''----'';:1

Cam bushing

The strong spring holds down plate C. The handle rotates the plate and post F until point E of A rests on ledge D of B. Note the two d:vefopments. The vertical position of C on F IS adlusted by nuts G arid H. G is I:eyed to C~Rats on F are used to hold F while the nuts are being tightened.

External Swing Clamp

I J3

External Swing Clamp

115-120

sprinq hos side pieces to keep clomp from turning

116

I j

l~

___ i\ 1 \

External· Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

The spring holds the roller in the retracting cup of the cam until the stop pin of A strikes B. Then the roller slips out of the cup and the cam initiates the damping action.

External Swing Clamp

Extemal Swing Clamp

112

~e handle dampsandrotafes the damp with. acting as a stop. ThE;! key rotates with the shaft in a bored hole,

As E is pulled to the left, cam fol· F slips out of the cam qroove D does not. The spnngthen the clamp out of position. B is

in position by bushing A. In the darnn;,,,., operation, D forces the straighten up enough to al-

low· . . F to enter the com

groove for damping purposes. B

Key In endmill slot in shaft

/'"'7'.....,......,....i1 [

_. External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp·

120

Extamal Swing Clamp

;21-126

121

123

~

c

8

c ...- _

/

{~ \~

-, /

-----

122

Sprinq will cause damp TO turn" to stops.

125

External Swing Clamp External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

126

_ Note that the power post is offset from the center of the damping. -

This reduces the height of the damping device: "

External Swing Clamp

'''Weak men wait for opportunities; strong men "Tnake them." ANONYMOUS

External Swing

127 -130

128

I I

n

L--:---_j

. External Swing Clamp

129

External Swing Clamp

-130

External Swing Clamp

35

132

3 JAWS

".c_ r.-_"'_ ~.--.-'--'··-""'-:"'-""'-""L_"'-

~ - ....... - ..

137 -133

134-137

131

1_-1-1

, I

__ ' __ 1 _L_..___......__,

I I -...:.__&'_ r t

I I

I.

VIEWA

~,

~emal Swing Clamp

c&.-- .-.'-,---"--...., "

\

\

,,"'" ., .

t

I I

Exter~al Swing Clamp

Exter~aIS .... ing CI<lmp

:~. - flATS

~R:B-

133

External Swing Clamp

i

"I haoe the simplest I am always satisfied the best."

'External· Swing Clamp'

135

'The damp post is rotated by 0

, pin through the post and grooves in the bushing instead of by a dog point set screw in a groove in the post. the usual means of rotation.

External Swing Clamp

~

I

i

I I j

1 !

I I

- I

! ,

I

\

I I

\

I

!

i

\

External Swing Clamp

«You must have long-range goals to keep you {rom being frustrated by short-range failures." CHARLES c. NOBLE

. ~ .

. .

i.-;' .

"

138-142

743-147

3 CLAMPS 120" APART I

144

3 CLAMPS !20° APART

External Swing Clamp

ADJUSTABLE. FOR VARIOUS DIAMETERS

External Swing Clamp

External· Swing Clamp

clamp m<l.y be adjusted with a wrench to accommodate 'p~rt~ dierne+ers, Note the use of two locknut's to control the the mating spherical surfaces. The wrench opening needs

to keep out dirt. -

External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

147

142

External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

! . ;

1'48-152

- 153-158

148

[49

154

4 JAWS

External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

156

A equalizes the clamps. B is cap screwed to the end of the shaft.

152

External Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

151

External Swing Clamp

_ External Swing Clamp

j I r-r-l

1 /

I f

/ .,

/

158

Erlernal Swing Clamp

External Swing Clamp

-

i ,~

159-164

165-166

" j

162

159

"The three great essentials to achieve anything worthwhile are first, hard uorh; second, stick-toitiueness; third, common sense." THOMAS A. EDISON

! I

Extern~1 Swing Clcmp<

-EXTERNAl~ EQUALIZING ClAi¥lPS" \\fITH FLOATING CAt~~

A floating cam is ~. means of equalizing the da'mping action that cllows the cam to adjust 1---------....,.------------.,...-~.i~lf to the clamps instead of the damps to the cam: When o-heliccl rack and pinion, which

161 be considered to be a wedge cam, is combined with the endploy of the pinion's shaft,

. function as a floating In equalizing the damping action.

The stop of A prevents the clamp from becoming disengaged from the post.

External Swing Clamp

. "-

C creates hammer "act/on for cl,!,mp/nq J D for onc!ornplnq_

.; ,

External Swing Clamp

164

CAM [S FREE. TO SL[DE ALONG f(EY

No~e how the end of shaft A is milled to create the key. Also note the hammer adion.

EXternal Swing Cramp

External Equalizing wah Roating Cam

, ,

,

167-169

'167

170-171

Endplay allows slippage between the racks and pinions until both clamps are firm, When one clamp is firm. the shaft will slip toward the other until it elso becomes firm, Opposite-hand helices must be ,used to equalize the clamping

action, '

_j « u

J: ~ 0;' td :I: i j

l I

o

'\L_------fl

'I

End play allowsCloff7ps fo eq(.lO/lze

"B

Shafts A and B. alternately moved by cylinders. rotate the pinion (I ndthe cam which are on the same shaft,. The cam, can move freely along the splined shaft. thereby equalizing clamps C:and D,

, ExtemalEqualizing with Roating wm

External Equaliii~ with Roating Cam

CLAMPING POSTS

The hammer action creates a t i 9 ht e r clamping posifion,

......

I

I

/

The +we> worms, Band C, on the endplayed shaft rotate via their Worm wheels, D ana E, nuts A end F, which are keyed TO D and Eo thereby actuating the two clamp posts. The clemp posts should be rotated only by cam, S speciaUy designed to rotate clamp posts.

For hammer action

II II

"

External Equalizing' with Roating Cam

External Equalirlng with Roating Com

45

~, ;

172-173

172

174-177

Movement of the cern along the splincd shaft enables the damps to apply equal pressure on the part.

nd holes ore invcrlcbly dompecl with threejews 1200 apart that are actuated by bolls, links, cams, Of partia! spheres. The jaws are retracted by kickbacks, T-slot cams, or comtension, gorterl or flat springs.

NE

"_-~ .... ,,,,t. for equel presia ...... sA and B C and 0 is provided pair of .Jock nuts.

173

TO CLAMP

External Equalizing with Floating

B

Tongue and groove k.ey

Pinion G hes a built-in key for the keywey of D. Since- D is 0150 keyed to pinion G ro+etes the cam, The cleerence

tween com E and the shaft of C ellows E to float.

Floating cam note clearance

External Equalizing with ROllnng Cam

l75

I

I

I

\. ,

':---.,. "C:~- . ~.' - =:_;:r--./

---~ I

Internal Clamp

Internal Clamp

\

\

,

i

f

178:-182

179

183-185

This desiqn is suitable for thin ~arts.

Internal Clamp

3 FINGERS

'Internal ~Iamp

180

•

\

/

When A is raised, the tj;,ree clamping jaws B retract and

the three fingers are moved to the shaded position by springs Cto hold the part only until it is lightly damped; After cone D retracts the fingers. E meets F and full pressure is applied to laws B.The fingers are called pre-position fingers because they merely locate the part for damping and are removed when the part is machined.

, Intemal Clamp

181

Internal Clamp

182

ronq sprinqs A absorb any excessive pressure

Springs A equa~ze the cllmping actio~_ Slots B prevent rototion of the loWS;

Internal Clamp

Internal Clamp

Internal Clamp

185

GARTER SPRING "reTracts .3 jaws

- -. _ .... ;. -."" .... "- ....... ._ ... --_. .. :.~-.-.- ... -~-. ----.~ .. --~----- ..•. ..._."'~ . ._

197-795

186- 790

I •

~

187

A ar.d B a.re expanders for the three jaws.

3 JAWS

Internal Clamp.

193

Internal Clamp

Tt?1hfened wIth a sponnerwrench SPHERICAL

CAM rr~~FL~· ~--~~~======~

ft·

L~_:

190

Internal Clamp

Internal Clam~

I

IWafer fest fiXture

Thre~ axial earns epplypressure to the [ews.

Interna! Clamp

Clamp

Internal Clamp

Intern<!ll CI<!Imp

51

196-200

Internal Clamp

198

r

Internal Clamp

Internal Clamp

199

Internal Clamp

~~~ ~~------~.200

After the per+ is loaded it is moved to the right to slioulder B of the frame. After A is raised. the drawb"f 6i:lmps the part.

Internal Clamp

Internal Clamp

" Internal Clamp

201-204

He.;!"Y machining might rote+e the part and the springsif they were n<;>t keyed by B. The "0" ring p_revents. the springs . fr,?m ~eyersmg themselves when excessive pressure is ap· piled In the damping operation. .

Internal Clamp

203

. The eccentric expends the split ring which is pinned in ~o

places, _..

Internal Clamp

53

206

Hiram E. Grant, Author

Industrial & Business Books Division

• McGraw-Hill Book Company : . 330 West 42nd Street

New York, New York 10036

212-215

205-21 J

,I . i

1 1

I

...... :.11

..

,

.q

'I .1

,il

, a

:: t i .

.

~

207

/

t ce~ferjnq

screws

209

Intemal Clamp

211

213

IMPORTANT

If yon would like to see Volume II published, send assembly drawings (detail drawings are not needed) of your unique non-standard. clamping devices to the author. Individuals sending drawings will be acknowledged in the list of contributors.

lnrernel Clamp.

208

Internal cta~p

iNTERNAL. PULL' DOV~f~ClAf~PS

Frequently an internaf pull down damp hooks onto an internal shoulder or 6 top surfcce. By itythe jaws }hooks)_must collapse bY'swinging)llwqrdorretroding horizonrolly: Springs, kickbacks, cones, or links are used to move the jews, ... .

210

This design is suitable for light wor\:. on Internal Clamp

"One thing you can give still keep is your word!"

ELlvtER G. LEITERMA."I

Imemai Pull Do ... ,,"

the use of kickbacks to retract the hooks and kidouts to spread them.

Internal Pull Down

-55

216-279

216

TO CLAMP

- ....

A is the damping stop for thetwaiaws C. When B is raised. jaws C ere retractadby the kickbacks in the wall of D. rne spreader pin is forced downward by the iaVis.

Intern~1 Pull Down

218

219

In designs involving a moving nut, the nut must not be ellowed to rotate.

"l

!ntem~1 Pull Down

217

A and B are pinned to D by F. As E is raised in the ,&I!."",,'"'' operation. spreader pin C in E also rises. "I-

e spring to collapse the hocks. .'

Internal Pull Down

.h.

( )

1 TO. RETRACT JAWS

11

When 0 is raised. the 'spring rerrectsz and B. Cams C spread the hooks to damp position. Note the vertical down portions E.

Internal Pull Down

'_

220-224

Cis +Umedcaunter clockwise to undamp G and then is ........ raised to engage keys K with keyways J. C is again turned counterclockwise in its raised position. thereby turning E and its pin D.which retracts jaws A and F. '

Internal Pull Down

223

the part is reised by hooks A and are spread by cam C. Then cam 0 end clamps the pert,

Internal Pull Down

Internal Pull Down

Intemlll Pull Down

224

<.'

Internal Pull Down

51

225-227

229

225

226

HELlCAL PINION (STATIONARY) At":D GEAR ;:-OR ROTATING CLAMP

c:
.~
a
0-
~
Iii "S: -.;;
c:
...
' ..... ~ Ill·
-
~ .E
CI)
C\J
~
a: ~
~
<: ~
.J
U 6

Internal Pull Down

227

Internal pun Down

c

rnternal Pull Down

232

Internal pun Down

Travel or damp /s nearly horizontal

CLA~PED

I I I

[I I I t 1

I I I I I

rt_~~=Jl

Internal Pull Down

c

When pin E in shaft B is raised. it enters of C and D to retract them. spring rBises A In. the ci.amping . r pulled flown int? the vertical port.ton 01 grooves, spreadmg C and D. Conttnued of shaH B causes A to damp C and D

IMPORTANT

Tlie preface is the author's only opportunity fo ~plain his book to irs readers. Read it.

Internal Pull Down

••• -- .... , •. <._.._:..~ ..... ; ........ ..: .•• '" ,,-~T" .. :.;.- •.•• _."._ • .;..-_ • .:.-. ... - ~ ./yo, _-

234-233

239-247

234

--r

I

I

1

I

I

.~'"

Internal Pull Down

236

Internal Pull Down

Note that the part must slide clamp [ew before it can be ("1;;,mr,pi'!CC."

Internal Pull Down -

, Cam E of C contacts 0 of Hnger A, forcing it oufwerd, while G contacts F, forcing B outward. As' C is retracted,

. pressure from sprinq-loaded H on the half cones. of A and B retracts A and B. Key J keeps A and B in line.

o·~

( . ..)

~_9

Internal Pull Down

237

238

t

I;

Internal Puil Down

Internal Pull Down

Movement of the handle in the cam . groove - reises equalizing trunnion A, clamping the jaws Bringing the handle down into the vertical portion of the groove lowers A. retracting the jaws.

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

: .. ~

61

242-245

l! ' , i

243

Internal Equalizing p~1t Down

242

247

SPHERICAL

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

The three centering prongs A center the

.beforefhe damps lower prongs A and the ·gjlh.,....:,"'"'~~~J-..-~~:r=:t:"7-1 to clamp position. In the unclernpinq "n,,,r,,·r...

the rise of prongs A is stopped by B.

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

PE.VE.LOPM€'NT OF CAM 'WHICH ROTATES THE THRE:E CLAMPS

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

245

Internal Equalizing Pull Down .

In the unclernpinq operation trunnion A is raised by the spring and t~n the damps swing inward. S is the bese of

the spring and prevents C from turning. .

Internal Equalizin~ Pull Down

In the unclamping operation,A is raised power source. B is reised by the spring and until kickbeck D retracts B to its dashed position.

InterMI Equalizing Pull Down

'rQaeer thing, but we always think every other man's job is easier than our own. And the better he does 'it, the easier it looks. " EDEN PHlW'OT'I'S

Internal Equalizing Pu[J Down

G3

c j~~(1

I t

: ~ ~

250-254

250

,

LT

IF'!

251

TOP VIEW OF D

When C is pulled down, it retracts iaws A andB which are attached to C by pin F. When C is raised, the jaws slide through the opening between Land J until they rest on equalizer D at_ I:S_. D rests on sur-

face M of C and rotates about pin E. . ...... . .

Internal Equalizing pun Down

253

3 'CLAMPS 12if APART

\ \,

\\~

I

\

The cap screw tightens the clamping device. The rack and pinions. rotate the damps.

255-259

256

• The equ~!izing bar is removed when the

port is unloaded. Pin A prevents the post from turning.

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

257

259

AIR CYL.

--- -- ~--.----- .... ...----.- --

260-263

261

264-267

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

262

263

Trip for, jaw

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

= In!ernal Equalizing

Down

3 CLAMP5

"The man who follows the crowd will never be followed by a crowd . ., DOh'NELL

The springs' swing the clamps inward during the;; unclamping operation. Cones A return the damps to a vertical position from which B permits them to be pulled down to damp the part.

Internal Equ~li:z:ing pun Down

Internal. Equarclng Pull Down

"Unless you try to- do something r-:tbevllnd iohat.you.haoe already mastered •. wil[ never grow." ROBERT O. OSBORN

I

Internal Equalizing Pull Down

...

Turn 90~ Tor removal

Quick release A is removed when the unit is un.-; clamped. See Quick Release category for a van, ., ety of this type of design.

Internal Equalizing' Pull Down

"No man really becomes a fool until he stops asking questions." cHARLES P. STEL.'lMETZ

Internal Equalizing Pull. Down

268

269-271

Long bores and multiple-sized internal areas must be damped in two plcces, In some instances .• the second dcmping position is controlled. by a compression spring.

268

....~ . - - ~

Expandsr-Aslides within expanderC.SpreaderL [seede-tailalsol forces A (see J on detail of A) downward. thereby _ . spreading the three jaws B. Simultaneously, spreader L forces C {see K of detail Cl upward to spread the three jaws D.

When:sp;eader L retract; to the right. pi~' F pulls expand- "' er C down 'and its kickback retrads jaws D_ Atthe same time pinG pushes expander A upward and its kickback retracts

jaws B., .

Plates E and H contain slo+s for F and G end are fastened to A arid C. Note how links N are fastened to nut M and rocker O.

:: ::. I.: I! ! I

L

When J raises H. the threeb'afls E push 0 upward <lnd F down~ .... srd, Expander Dspreads the three jaws C while F pulls down, on the bolt ~nci expander B. which spreads the three jaws A. Pins inserted in holes

G tighten Hto J when the unit is assembled. .

Internal Two-P~sition Clamp

WRENCH

270

As the handleis turned clockwise, nut (expander) B spreads the three jaws A, and screw C forces expander 0 down to spread the three jaws E. Springs retrad both expanders;g e r+er swings retrad both sets of jaws. J e ws A fundion in grooves of B.

Internal Two-Position Clamp

As the nut is turned, A is forced down and C IS pulled up by means of the shoulder at B. Pin 0 prevents the bolt from turning.

Internal Two-Position Clamp

Internal Two-l'osition Clamp

_,_-~ .. ~__..

The types of cams do~monly used to a~~ate ;Iomps are eccentric, ~edge, r~dial, and axial cs wet! as threads, whlch a_re a form of' a

.. . ,-_ .,. - ::-~ -

-c : _>: c~·~~:<->1~~

272-274

~ ~ 1

..... j; •

~ t .t'

.~ ~

"

273

272

; ;

/'-

/

(.

I

I

I

I

T uming the handle raises nut A, which raises B against expander F, and lowers nut C, which collet D. down against expander E.. thereby e both collets to apply an equal amount of Nuts A and C cannot turn because they G of expander F. Note how expander F is lower end.

6: Aforcesexpander B down, exoariding collet C . pander D helps to expand co'fl~ts C and E. .

Internal Two-Position Clamp

274

When A is pulled down. pin C, which slides in oblong slots in frame E. pulls down tr.e two laws B which are T-slotted to E. Pulling A down also actuates the strong spring to- pull down~e_ander G: spreading the two jaws F. During the unci <lmpmg action, washer H raises G~ allowing [ews F +9 retract. When A is pushed' up, pin C moves jaws B upward and inward along the T-slots. Note the stops for jaws F. jf there were no stops and no part in place when A is pulled down, the strong spring would vsry likely throw the jaws free of the unit. The spring prevents jaws F from over-

c1amping~

Internal Two-Posmon Clamp

.. -,:.~,~,_~ ', :~ .

As A is tumed, it forces the three jaws C outv ... ard and pulls upward on B. which forces the three jaws 0 outward. applying eq~ pressure on all jaws,

o

Internal Two-Position Clamp

Cam Clamp

275-278

276

..... <, ~e two jaws, A and B •. function at r~ght angles to jaw~ C an D .. Expander F sp!eads A and .B while expander E ~preads.C and D. The linkage permitsequa!izing of the four laws. whIch are refrected by flat springs.

.'j._

~"' _ ..

.'. ::

278

Cam Clamp

279~282

283-287

:i

RACK &, PINION·

284

279

280

. ,

FRONT.

.~: ,

The radial cam actuates a clernp in a hori2:ontal plane.

Cam Clamp

This internal radial cam actuates the three jaws.

Thehandle may be inserted in h6ieA,B, or C to rotate the cam,

-wm Oamp

Cam Clamp

281

282

-

t

Cam Clamp

"If you are sUfficiently disgusted with a present design to do something about it, you are on the right road to creating an

invention. " ..

HAROLD CLARKE

._

...... ~

Cern Clamp

._;!..._. ..•• _ _ •••• , --._ •• ..- ._ L"" ~ . .:. .. i_.~ .. .._. -~·r---.;... . ..;..~...--.j.---~-~~---.:.........--~··~ "-'~...;:- ~ .-

~ __ _.....~ J_,...." __ L -~ ~

288-292

289

294

293-298

J.<r'~~" 'a shown

out of pos/Non

For ·Cleoring B . when clcimp IS opened

c

Cam Clamp

~ANGLE OF CAM

Cam Clamp

The axialc,,"mis adiustable. The brass plug with the set screw is soft <itld molds to the threads. holding them without .

damaqing them.

Cam CI~mp

••

29!

DEVElOPMENT OF CAM

There are ~eller<ll d<lmp·s C on the circular ened to the fixture~ s rot<lting table Bare D that actuate clamps C. Note the use of button A to retract clamp C and the w<lsher prevent overclamping.

E Dhouble axial cam C moves the~o rocker arms A and B

ec equalizes a ~air of clamps. ..' .

This axial earn has a cutoff to clear the

part. .

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp ~

290

yam Clamp

292

Cam Clamp

....

Cam Clamp

. Wedge cam A actuates the clamp; B allows it

to retract. •

C.am Clamp

Cam Clamp

15

299-303

299

300

\_KICKBACK

Cam Clamp

c: is the clernpinq ~edge- Cam that pulls down the damp. B is the retracting cam that reises it.

Roller B reduces friction between wedge cam A and damp C. Keys D in endmil!ed slots retract ct~mp C.

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp

TO l1_NCLAMP

302

303

- The part is moved to the adiustable measuring stop that determines the distance d the hole is drilled from the end. The cam should be so designed that it will tend to move the pert toward the stop,

Cam Clamp

The wedge cam is held in clamp position by a spring and is undamped by a separate cam.

This is an eccentric v-sheped cam that damps the pad . directly.

I "!his thread cam has a'lteccentrically

OC<'lted clamp pin. _

Cam Clamp

..

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp

304-308

305

W~ar will eventually put the handle in an inconvenient position during the-damping operation. Rotatingnllt A 3rP will acliust for the wear. Four cap screws f aste n nut A to B. This is a thread type cam.

ClIm Clamp.

306

The h~ndle, actuated by an eccentric cam, not only actuates the damp but afsoretrads it.

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp

309-313

309

Cor:; r-erracrs sprmg tacaior

- Cam Clamp

·~IO

Cam Clamp

314-320

315 .

o

Cla~p A, actuated by en eccenmc cam, moves in a Tslot.

Cam Clamp

311

1_$

! \.i/

,

L __

o

. Cam Clamp

319

313

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp

320

Cu~outallows greater swmg of' clamp Jaws

Cam Clamp

Cern Clamp

Camflamp

321-328

329-331

321

This eccentric- cam clamps the

port direcf!y. " ",

Cam Clamp

323

322

r-~ ~\.~ 1~~ ~l' ~ ~\~ ~

\.o~~\":i ~..M~;_2..~;';~:i~

Centering parts involves more than merely damping a cylindrkal portion of a part internally

d k . f h r- t·· L f

, externally. The portion to be centere may ta e a variety 0 S apes~ equalizmg 01 cicmps

~rnot included in this operation except possibly the [ows of the clamps. The usual cams, cones, IS

balls, wedges, or gears are used to actu~te the damps.

324

Cam Clamp

327

Cam,Cfamp

Cam Clamp

325

326

TO CLAMP

\ CSpring riUracfs Jawj

0,

,

Jaws A and B operate in circular grooves end are spread by cam C.

retracting springs <Ire in circular endmilled grooves. .

Cam Clamp

Cam Clamp

328

Cam Clamp

"Progress is impossible without change; and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything."

.. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW

!' whole nut on the right side could not be assernbled, so two helf-nuts, sh'Olmed to fill in the sa"ffut "rid C<lP screwed together, <Ire used. The bells reduce friction and prevent endplay.

A barrel c'om is used to ectuete the clamp.

Cam Clamp

Centering

Centering

'-.-.~.~:'~-'''';'',''''_--

The

332-336

337 -340

Centering

Centering

334

Too view

Centering

335

For d;s@nqaqing cylinder

+

Front view

Centering

336

As the bushing plate is lowered, the buttons actuate the ce~tering pins.

.

This is a toggle link clemo, Note the stop, . Sre Toggle Link Clamping category for more

Q this type. .

Centerin~

Centering

338

J

I~.h.. _ jri ~ I

I (~) l..~~~ . _ . . ~___f~.J GQz! l

L ~_::j i$:;--- C .J

Centering

339

TO CLAMP

I I

Handle is tongue and grooved to cam to k.e!Jp fhe load Trom the screw

Centering

"Thi man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds. n MARK TWAIN

341 ~346

342

341

SEC~AA'.".

~,.,..."....-- B

-""M'" __ J

344

I

I

view.

centering

346

[

I _ _ L

L_-_ ------- I

I .: I

Centering

Centering

347 -351

Centering

Centering

351

Centering

-- -~- .. ----- _._ ~ ..... -_ .... -_ ..... ."._...... ~-~-

352-357

- 358-364

359

IT'\ ~

360

Centering

355

352

,SET SCRE.W TO LOCK NUT 353

.;,. ...

Toe Clamp

354

Centering

356

Used on a large. thin part Toe Clamp

Note the flats on centering pins

B. Plate A prevents B from turning.

Centering

Toe Clamp

364 -

TOE ClAi\1PS

.... ~ ... ..; .....

~ .... ~

-~ -

I Cam

--_j

I Toe Clamp

365-370

365

372

373

Both bases of the spring are keyed to damp post E.. When the screw is turned either 'way, the spring pressure causes damp B to rotate until pin F of B strikes a stop of base A

Tee- Clamp

~ Toe Clamp

366

Toe Clamp.

367

-Tee Clamp

'_

377

375'

l5dension" spr/nq releases clamp Roller /$ p/nned to cylinder.

An air cylinder operates the toggle linkage. The- cylinder and the clamp are retrec+ed by a strong spring.

Toe Clamp

370

369

loosening the nut allows the bolt to swing downward and spring A to push the damp free of the

Pert. " ~'. ..

Toe Clamp

Toe Clamp

Toe Clamp

371-377

<,

!

I

~ I

1

Toe Clamp

Toe Clamp

378-385

378

Toe Clamp .. -

379

380

• Toe Clamp

Toe Cleimp

381.

FiaTs for: furn!ngof' oe(;: screw

Toe Clamp

382

Toe Clamp

Toe Cla~p

Toe Clamp

. 383

Toe Clamp

._

384 ~

-...._

.. Toe Clamp

385

Toe Clamp

Toe Clamp

Rofote handle to swing clomp

"

Toe Clamp

"We need to teach a man. that it is not a disgrace to fail and he must analyze every failure to find its cause. He must learn how fail intelligently, for failing is one of the greatest arts in the

"\ CHARLES F.

Toe C15I_mp

. ~ ...... :-_, .. _",.-.a..=.-....;_ ..... ......:.--=-. _ _:;,,~_.'; .. ;~r-=- '_-_.-, _.:.--, ... ,".- ... .., ........ ~

386-393

As. shaft F is rotated, shoulder D pushes Eand . its cern d~wriwarc!. Then shoulder B moves clamp Atothe right. Note that cam C has a cut-out to

accommodate the sprinq, .

Toe Cramp

39f

Toe Cramp

393

J) /

Toe Cramp

__ ...... __ ~~ .... __ ~ _..... • ...__..4_.. .. __ .... ._.. ...... _ .~ ...... ~. _~ ~.-"""'_ ...... .;.....0.0 --_--" ..... ~ ~_.:_ • - .... _ _...._. -~-- ~-~ .. - •

394-397

395

-Clamping in the Rear

401

394

Clamping· in the. Rear

>-.-+.

398-404

399

Clamping in the Reer

Clamping in the Rear

s>

UNDERNEATH ClAlV1PS

Clamping in the ~ear

"The successful person. learn to take with grace the jealousy of the less ambitious

person."

MELVIN B. HART

- Clamping in the Rear

Underneath Clamp

Underneath Clamp

Underneath Clamp

405-411

405

Underneath Oam?

406

412-418

407

The sma!l·ar.g!e cern applies ,a heavy . to damp D, which C prevents from ";,,.r;.. •• tinn but not from moving vertically .

.r- t, ....a. ....... '-,':·.w. Underneath Clamp

Underneath Clamp

408.

Underneath Clamp

409.

Specifying that the handle should be parallel +o the hook ,detennines the direction of the hoot

413

~SfOp Tor furnli1q clomp

414

1. I

Underneath Clamp

Underneath Clamp

l~

I ~! I

410

411

Underneath Clamp

Underneath Clamp

416

Underneath Clamp

418

B serves as a positioner on which the part rests until it is raised by A.

Underneath Clamp

Underneath Clamp

This is a walking "rap damp applied to underneath damping. The damp retracts when pin A stri~es B; it moves forward when A strikes C. 0 prevents the damp frQm turning ..

Underneath Clamp

I

I

! .

I

i

Underneath Clamp

419-423

425

419

420

Clemp B is ec+ue+ed by cam C of A end retrec+ed by cam D.

Push~r Clamp

A arid B ere sepere+sper+s held by the bolt that also prevents the cam from rotating. NOTe me keys.

Push~r Clamp

out orpos/tlon

A

Pin B:in C moves clemp A via the cam. Tne s~a!lcam angle the damp.

Pusher Cramp

423

Pin A is in frame C. The cam ond B hove ·slots.

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

421

.,.

Pusher Clamp

""

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

-430

43!

437-440

431-436

"'-CAM

Pusher Clamp

. -

Pusher Clamp

433

439

434 -

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

435

Pusher Oamp

Cam E actuates rocker arm C, which forces B to move A to the part. Spring D retracts A. and F prevents it from turning. Area G allows full retraction of A.

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

436

- It

The basic principle used in the 'design of the toggle link clamp is also used in the design of vise grip pliers. When B is in line with A and C, the damp exerts the greatest amount of pressure. Stopping 6 slightly beyond the straight line AC will prevent vibration from loosening the damp. Note the

undamp prime-marked positions of the pins. -'

Pusher Clamp { .

/

I

"There is always sqfnething about your success that displeases even your _ best friends. " OSCAR WILDE

Compare this toggle link damp with the one that has explained or see the T 099le Link Clamping cete-

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

_&IIiIiI ~~_~ . ... _

lq

"1

!!

441-446

447-457

442

448

. .

Compare' this toggle link damp with the one that has been ex'" plaioed or see the Toggle Link Clamping category. This damp needs

a stop. Note the turnbuckle adjustment.: '" ,

. Puiher Clamp

-: The . spring forces damp A to. the part before cam C c;nt<lcts' "'lockin9 pin D. B prevents cam C from turning and from ;etracting be-

yond D. Balsa r,:tr acts A. .

Pusher Clamp -

-.

I

1

I

Pusher Clamp

444

443

I

J'

L

Compare this toggle link damp with theone that has been explained or see the Toggle Link Clsmpinq category.

A extends through ehole in the afterfhe part is lOaded and forces pivot about C, cbmping the part at

Pusher Clamp

Spring B forces damp A.to the part before collet' squeezer Clocks

. the collet !o damp A. '.

Pusher Clamp

Turning the handle moves E and rocker arm C, which forces damps A and G to clamp,

446

445

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

451

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

Pusher Clamp

WI

-~- ........ ,- --:_ ~: ......

~-~ _ .... _-- •.. _------ .. ~.~- .. ---- .. -- --~------.---~-.

452-459

, ,

... ._;. __ .~~""' •• ;;.._. ... ..;._~...,_ _ _i.. __ _.;_..:.._. _,_ ....l.c,..;.:..:.:..=........;....,;;..:...:_ .. ~ ~·_r~~.~_~_·_- ........ .:... .. ~~r.--~ • ..... _--..;""- ..... ~~.,_,. _

460-.';64

~ ~quare end stot

~ __ -=-i'l rL

WEIGHTED ::0- HANDLE.

L.S.

451

Shoulder bolt A fastens the damp to B~ The pinion is part of B.

/' /

~Pusher Oamp

455

458

~ __ -----.-p-~~h~--C-~~m-p--------~459

456

,Pusher Clamp

"Luck means the hardships and priixitions which you have not hesitated to endure; the long nights yqu haue devoted to uorh;" MAX O'£!ELL

Pusher Clamp

The ·.veighted handle holds posts A end B in clamp end positions.

A knife edge should be used on only a rough surface. A round knife edge will last a leng time becallse if can be rototed when a portion becomes dull.

451

III i

I ! I

461

I

,

r--r-------, ~--- ......

Knife Clamp

For clearing a . moch!ninq operai/ori

Knife Clamp

Pusher Clamp

457

Knife Clamp

Knife Clamp

"Any man's success hinges about 5 percent on. what others do for him and 95 percent on. what he does, with the emphasis on the does." JAMES A. WORSHAM

Setting A in a counterbore enables -it to bear the thrtistthat the smaller diameter cap screw would have to absorb if A were to rest on the sui'. face. A may be rotated when a portion of the

edge becomes dull. ~.

Knife Clamp

Pusher Cl4mp

103

- - -- ~ .. -- ... - . - _"_ -- ~ .. :.-.- :. ... ~ .. --

465-468

469-477

Clamp D moves the per+ to the right and damp C. moves it toward the rear. Rocker arm A applies pressure to cam E, which actuates D, and to cam B, wnich actuates C. E and B fit in slots in D and C to prevent them from turning. Note how the offset springs retract the damps.

ln two-directional damping on operator applies a sinqle fcrce to the part in two places. This is frequently achieved through the use of equalizers. The A, Sf C. pin designations used Toggle Link Clompinq ca~~gory are also ~sed for togg!~ linkages in this category.

465

Two Directional Clamping·

466

,------...,... ....

"1 -I

I ! I

1 1 1 L.H. I

rJi.::;;::::;;:::;;?:;:f"'¢;~j:::::::-:---'~4 tCM, E: f.=-"-'~

I I

, ... ,-----"-------

c -\ . Right Side

,---------

I' Fro_nt

Two Directional Clamping

When the- handle is turned, G pushes rocker arm D, which pulls down post 8 to ectus+e clerno C., At the same time, bolt H pulls on !ink .F, which forces arm E to actuate damp A G enclriu+ J slide lerigth",!iseto equalize clamps A. and. C.ln the unciamoing operation the springs retract the damps.

Clamp B and equalizer C apply pressure to part in three places. B is pinned to yoke A is pinned to B. To ensure that a normal "OI,t·ho'!no turn is used to tum the haridwheel in the I"J .. m..,,,na operation, left-hand threads uniT clernps two parts.

Two Directional Clamping

"~.

Two 'Direclional Clamping

467

468

Two Directional Clamping

Two Directional Clamping

,. <.

105

J

472-476

477 -478

472

. .

Two Directional Clamping

473

·T wo . Direction.:;I- Clamping

._

475

Two Directional Clamping

Two Directional Clamping

/

/ I

(./ I

I >

\. /

" I / '-_...../

'!'his is an app~iCation of a t6ggle !in~age. A, B, '.

C IS the toggle ll.nkoge and M the adJusrabIeSIOp;::'Since B does not extend slightly beyond a straight

line connecting A and C, an ex+re stop is needed

to prevent undamping action. The extra stop is created by catch F hooking onto G. The spring

holds E, of which F is e part, tightly against G. The _ operator pulls back on H to which E is welded, releesinq F, and then the linkage may be bent at

B and rotated about C.

Adjustment of the toggle linkage is provided by cap screw K and nut P. 0 is not threaded: it acts as a spacer between the cap screw head and nut P.

Two Directional Clamping

Two Directional Clamping

Two Directional Clamping

J01

_' _-'- .. _.-~

479-483

~.,

479

Two' Direc!ional Clamping

481·

T we Directionel Clamping

+

483

480

/ /

482

+

Equ<llizer A rocks about spreader Bas it adjusts to the part. The pin in the frame prevents Afrorn swinging out of position.

. The cylinder causes two balls and four pins to actuate clamps A,

C, and D. The part is forced against B as it is clamped. - ',- _

Two Direcfional Clamping ..

T wei Directional Clamping

Two Directional Clamping

, ;

Two Directional Clamping

Clamp A with inse..c.ted pin C slides down cam D. groove E preventing it from'urning. Spring-loaded B retracts the clomp.

Two Directional Clamping

484-489

An equalizer has been added to this commercial. toggle damp.' Commercialclamps are sometimes modified as an economy measure.

! wo Directional Clamping

Two Directional Clamping

488

Two Directional Clamping

493-494

490 -'

Two Directional Clamping

491

pi!? E IS in C and moves A horizontqlly

·1

.c.: 12~o a;ort Clomp 8 rotates about pin D wInch ;s in A and ra/ses:

tne parr: -

492

• 'Two Direeti~na! Clamping

To reduce loading time, two or more different damping operations moy be performed toneously.dn some instances, equolizing must be used to avoid overclornpinq, AI! details be studied; not just those mentioned. Observe how pins and grooves are used to prevent tions of the- clamps from turning, and springs ore used to retract the damps.

Combination. Clamp {Centering and Raising the Pertl

As soon as shoulder Mis free of spring. loaded expander H, the three centering pins J center the perf.Then clernp B pivots about pin D to raise the part end clernp it eqeins+ A Before the damping stage is reached, post C pulls pin E down out of cam groove N, thereby drawing A into damp position,

ln the undamping operation,M raises H. retracting pins J. Jaw B lowers, and pin E in post C follows cern N of A. moving outward

hori~ontelly to release the part. ,

. ,.~-------

3 fmgers IZOQ

apart for

. centering

I 1

---- .. -~ --:~

When His raised. it raises D and forces the spring to raise expander A, actuating. the three pins C to center the part before plate G raises the three arms F, which, in turn. force E to raise

the part to stop B. ,-

The part is positioned against

As H is pulled down, spreader E B to the right and actuates clamp D to to clamp position, The two jacks are separately by F.

For USe with parts having lugs.

~

Combindti~n Clamp (Internal. External, and Jack!

C,ombination Clamp [Centering and Raising the Part)

.. ~--- •. ; .. ~'. ~".L. __

495-496

497-500

495

498

- TOP VIEW

RolI<?C" i.« S, Io",n;<::h p,,:i',"j ~ post A,<:',j r,:" t etas clomp F"

PULL DOWN CLAMP POST

Cenfer/nq plungers rerraci whenclamps

areroi's~" ""

In the cla~pingoperation, Df(·tc(>~" J"~ part eqeins+P. BcltC via gimbalN [."",;. tail of M which is the seme l actu,ll';'C' 'v • ," arm E, which pulls damp post A (k,,"', ,"_. gimbal M, Note how CpassBsthr6;,.,h '" ! milled slot K of pos+A, and how the (.,j",,1 :~' clamp rocks abouHhenut at thc10p ,;f 1\

Raising trunnion B aduatesthethree ciilmpingjaws to rotate' in~ ward end raises sprinq-loeded expander A, ellowinq the centering jaws to retract, "

Combination Clamp (Centering and Internal pun Downl

~. --...:;_

When nut F is turned, cam E forces spread·

er C outward to' ectue+e the two [ews G that 500

center the part, and bolt B is drawn down. clamping c-wesher A against the part. Note how pin D keeps the bolt from turning and C fits in a groove in E to keep it from turning~

Combination Clamp (Toe and Clamping in the Rear)

Combination Clamp [lnterno! Pull Down and Pushed

Combinaiion Clamp (Toe dnd Clamping in the Rearl

Combination Clamp " (Centering and Internal Pull Downl

"I never did anything worth

doing bv accident nOT did any of my ~vent;;ns come by accident; they

tame by tuorh:"

THOMAS A. EDISON

'501-502

503-505

501

The part is centered as it rests on plate C As trunnionD is pulleddown, the two iawsE swing into position and clamp, eneblinqequelizinq iacb A to levelthe part. Observe the use oftwo.snep

ringS" as stops. - -

B

Combination Clamp (Centering and Extern",:1 Swing)

As D is tightened, A is forced to damp and pulls C up, which" raises F and pulls _ damp B"down.When undamped, A, _C, _ and D .swing outward, - revolving aboutE.

Combination Clamp[Do~bre Toel

3 CENTERING

Combination Clamp (Centering and External Swing)

Combination Clamp (Double Toe)

As F raises trunnion D, the three ,Blt- ___;;;"'-~_---'O__=-::_ __ _:_ ~ __'_ ---------:----:----'---_j

damping iaws A swing outward, end nut E strik~s the "three centering iaws- C, swinging thero outward also. E raises B by means of C. compressing the springs. Before jaws reach the clamping position;E is lowered, freeing the springs to actuate centering iaws C.

The space allotted the springs is not adequate to accommodate one spring of sufficient strength withthe required amount of compression." therefore two springs with greater combined compressibility

<Ire used, / -

Note the airvent in F for the lower end of B,

Combination Clamp (Double T ~e )

\

506-509

506

510-512

Sf I

SPRING WIRE

As D is raised, jt forces equelizer C to actuate the two strap clamps. A and B.

Combination Clamp (DoubleT oe l

Clamp B is reised by •...•.

D ~nd forced +o pivot about· screw C. Upward pressureon. screw C from damp B'

clamp A to clamp. Note thot .

the clamps are perpendicular. to each other.

/

Combination Clamp !Double Toe)

508

A Wh.en Gis raised. squeez~r-It~queezes collet

,whiCh cannot rise clUeiCLsEOllkIer 1--1, end clamps Part. As G and Bare reised, the spring pushes ~p expander F, which forces the three pins.E to D~ate the three jaws D. Spring J prevents iaws rom overdamping.

Cla'mp (External Collet and Internal!

"I. i

. do . t s amazing wrn:t ordinary pe~ple can

': If they set out uiithoui preconeeioed

I!otions..... CHARLES F. Iill1ifERING

Combination Clamp !Double Toe l

Combination Clamp (Pusher and Jack)

10

When thehandfe rotates the cam that actuates jaws A and B, it also screws the cam onto the collet. pulling the collef down against squeezer C, cf amping the part.

Combination Clamp (External CoUet and External)

512

As F is pulled down in the damping operation. expander A expands the collet: D rotates clamp B into position and then pulls it down. Cern C rotates D. Pin E allows' B to move only vertically within D. Both springs prevent overclernpinq,

Combination Clamp (Internal Collet and Internal Pull Down)

~~ '---,' -, _ _. .-'- .... ~,

513-514

515-576

5!3

DIAPHRAGM

f········ '

". .

- . .;_.

. ?u!iing H downunclamps A ~ndforces' C to move G ward.G pulls squeezer F thereby unclemoinq D. The strong spring let in clamp position,

Combination Clamp {External Collet and. Toe I

3 CLAMPS 1200 APART ,....... ....... __

As H is puiled down, loaded B forces collet A spreader F, damping the +ernellv, H also pulls down G, clamping the part --' .... ,.,,''''. Detent E holds the clamp In of two positions.

Combination Clamp (External Swing and Internal ( .L'"~'''''

In the clamping operation, air enters through the smeller pipe, forcing piston C downward. The co net, screwed to C, is also forced down against collet squeezer D, clamping the part d its lower end adt rests on three pins. When piston C moves downward, it releases its pressure on the. prestressed di aphraqm, allowing it to clamp the upper portion of the part.

In'the unclamping operation, air enters through the larqer pipe 115 indio cated, raising piston C and the collet.

e ,As piston Cjs raised, it applies force at B to the diaphragm, springing it upwerd and spreading jaws A. Six slots in the outer ring of E allow chips to bere·

moved. .

The handle turns F. which confains face cam C. Orieend of pin Eaf D follows-came and rais-esp!ungerD,which functions in Square slot A The other end of pin E slides Inverricel slot B, whieh prevents D from turnillg.As D'neersits uppermost position. axi(ll cam G of F forces .clernp H +o damp.

....... -_~_.<,J_.~

----,_~ ... ;:.. .-- .. :.- ... ,...: ...... __...

.... ~: .. ~-___...- .. ;__

A.~· the nut is turned r'- .....:. ". .

IS forced to ' camp 0 and it .'

move Band C. which stequohzerare forcedd '. .0 ••.••

. . ac uate the two d "" own.. Spreader

Combination CI nh·.' .omps,E and P.·

, amp ree Directional!

. _

-.

-...

<,

. '

.As B is moved t h' .

Its reck rotat '. a ~ : right b . a r tates C. C eSE· the prruon whicf7· cy meier.

raise h am· of C vie in L ,In turn, ro-

turn s~ d plunger. A!thot~h C of p'~nger A

porf' . foes not rise furth . b corrtinues to . Ion a the gr . . .. er ecause th F

~IIS in F'Gcom J pur~oDea~~-d cHircdu!ar. While ~in

amps C K own f .

~otation ;f crt; retradsthe cI~:ua~g

irrro E, retr<!cti~~ ~r~~~s:rdA~nd pin "LP~oye: ..

GROOVE

'",

GAs worm gear E tums·screw Ft' I -

caus~src:c~er arm C to rnov 0 c a~p vise jawsJ, worm

Thij 'PO". inside (; .UO~ (; ~o A, 1'lh "t"'t~, clernp D. of /omdP D. Note the use ofth 8\b <ly,.equah<ing jaws J o an •. G to reduce friction. ruseanngs at both ends

Oombination CI' .

. amp (Double Toe arid PI

. unqer l

Combination Clamp (Ext I' d

erne an Pushed

121

520

522-523

520-521

k the handle is turned, barrel cams A and B actuate roderarms C and Dtomove the locators into holes in thepert, Then cam E damps thepart~against the ~top.

As D screws into cam E. it moves E to the left, forcing B . actuate clamp A. D etso forces F against C, which forcing G of C against the part. Notethespring-Ioaded tractor for C.

TO CLAMP

The handle turns the two cams, E and F. Cam E actuates the yoke about D to pull down ciamppost A while cam F forces C to pull down clernp postS.

Combination Clamp (Toe and

Combination Cla~p (Double Pul!Oown)

521

Porl is held down by an overhead darr;p ..

<.

-_

r----

1 ;--.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=

I 1 ~"'--'=-:-~

I

I !

I \

\ '\..

'\...

3 cenfering jaws 120<> apart

.- ... -.

The part is pieced on C. As the overhead damp pushes the part and C down, spring-loaded spreader S forces the three jaws A to center the part. The lower end of C stops at F., Spring D prevents overloading; spring E raises C when the unit is undamped. Note the airvent.

_{tftl/

I I

,,_-'

A B

Combinati<?n Clamp (Overhead and Centeringl

524-525

526-528

524

Before cam E forces B to damp, spring·!oa,bi positioner C moves the part to the left and down. Note how the retracting springs for B rest on or:ty the shoulders of Band A. Since the sprinqs arc stiff and the load is light, this is satisfactory.

Combinati3n-..~1~mp (Pusher and Positioner I

When A and B are turned in opposite 'directions by inrods. the three jaws C and the three j<lWS D damp the

at two levels. ... .. .

A ana B ace turned in opposite directions

Combination C Clamp {Double External!

I

! .

. B not only raises A, wh'ch actuates clamp E, but elso allows. the spring to force cam etc reise jack D. The sprmg also prevents overloedinq,

. r--=-~--·---·I:::.-~·~--........

....... --...--1. --r------T"""'-r-- .... , \EQUALIZING

N 'I! I I CLAMP

_.-J L J I ,', _-.. ...

CombiMtion Clamp (External and Clarnpinq in the Rear!

Combinaiion Clamp (Toe end Jack)

In the damping operation. moves the part against then [ews E and F equalize per+ as they rotate about forces B +ornove J vie H. J

e+es E. B also moves 0 and it C, which locks J. Bolt G is ~r<,\lelil~.

ed from turning by pin functions in two keyways of F. also one base for the spring.

I T~n'ng A forces 0 to raise C and: in turn, equeli/r ,which raises the per+ to the stops A also orces E to move the part to the left stop.

Combinlltion Clamp Wusher and Raising the Part)

,

./

-. ~

125

529-530

N\any parts, especially those requlnng drilling or topping operations, ere raised on 10 a fixed stop. This enables a drill press set to cllow a elfin to drill the part to a depth to perform the operation accurately. Any possibility of unintentionally dril!ing Iowa hole' is elirninoted,

Some design~ require that the plate on which the part is raised not only be an equal' also be prevented from ~otatjng as the part is raised,

529

Pinion E actuates reck C to raise rocker arm D, which equalizes posts Aand

. B 'as they .rcise the part. After the unit is damped, the helical pinion slides to

" ' .. ' the feft,.pulli;!g the cone into locking position in its mating hole,

531-536

532

The h<lndle.in raising C raises B, which lifts the part to' damp against A.· For which hand shoufd the screw be threededto allow the:. right hand to ptill the handle forw<lrd,l:thenormal w<lyJ?: '

Raising the Part

A

534

++

To raise the pa("t:

As F is moved to the left, rocker (!;;'S 0 and E r~ise posts

Band C, which raise table A, '

Raisifl9 the p(!rt

As shaft 0 is turned, C moves link A, which causes B -to tum shaft E. Each pin has e cam to raise it and the bar conneding a pair of pins, Note the clear-

ances necessary for the unclamping operefion. .

'Iii:,To enSure that the handle is always in (! convenienr'p?si-~ c., II, A may be adjusted to another of the bur verticel. i'..;.''fyes. Spring plunqerB keeps nut C from falling out when

. l~h.lro is not in use. ~

Raising the Part

536

Raising the Part

Raising the Part

Raising the Part

537-540

542

541-546

538

537

The L.H.- and R.HAhreaded cams B .:md C raise A. It is retr::ded by two

spring-loaded studs. . "

I ~L:H. ACME

,\

-

-

6

R.H.: ACME 7 '

"~/~ ""~.

C I

1

_;?--

I \

( \

. Raising the Part

539

Raising the" Part

544

Raising the Part

o

Prevents fable frorp fllrninq" "

Foreq/.Jal;zing k--?=~:::i'::;_'

Conventiol1olty represenfed

As th e Cam forces post B .do~n. :post' A is

via the racks on posts A and B and the ,_M~IJ

pinion. When the unit is unclamped; the spring reverses the moyement.

I I I I I I I

~--~

Raising the Part

R",ising the Part

547-549

551

550-553

547

548

Raising the Part ,

Raising the Part

Strop clamps ore damped by ~amsj nuts; screws, or drcwbcrs. They max be retrccred by hand, rotated away" from the part, or cOlJ:lpletely removed to dear the part.

:' .

549

I

/

When the handle 'is turned counterclockwise. the cam drops into the recess and ellows the damp to be rotated. Note the needed stop- for the

damp position. •

I /

(,J/

Strap Clamp

. Asweer occurs. the hand!a may he moved to another of the four threaded holes. Note the guard for the sprinqs;

. . Strap Clamp

For rotafing clamp when .. unclarnp/ng

I

r

Shoap Clamp

~- ~',' ~ .. ~ ......... ...:-- ~-.- .___.

560-565

554-559

554

I I

liEil

®\)

555

Note the unique pivot design at the left. Strap Clamp

Strap Clernp

This adjustable • height c a m- operateds t r e p damp is e multi-purpose clernp. Note the use of gimbal pins; The clernp maybe rotated.

Strap Clamp

-I

I

j

J

I

I

I

t

__ ...J

rne two ·pins not only squar~thedampwiththe part but else act ese stop. This is an equulizingciamp::-:" ..

~trap Clamp

Strap CI~l1?p

Strap Clamp

558

559

1

0- ".J

,!;h& wedqe cam operated damp is actuated by a T-

··~t c?ntrolled clamp post.. . .;

"

Strap Clernp

Strap Clamp

Strap Cramp

Strap Cramp

566-572

. .

... wf.o' ... "'" .... _~.....=..~.-~-.~'_:....'--_O...:'~-. ,.,:~ .... ',.r_...,..;.._:.. .. .,o+.·~~·· ............ :,.....' .. ...:-.I-~~:......;~-::----~~; ;.~:......_~,.:;_ __ -.· ........ __ r.:.....,;'""""---,;. .... ~;:.. - .... ~ .. .,.._._L~_~'~~.~.~ ......... _,,_~.............,_.~

573-578

574

575

70

571

569 -

Allowance must be made for A to wobble due to the eccentric.

Strap Clamp

The c!a:np is raised and moved to the left +0 hold it ;bove tbeper+.

Strap Clamp

The clearances allow equalizing at tl-ie pivot pin. The chain prevents loss of the c-washer.

Strap Clamp

R(jv~rs;ble for dlfferenf height parts

Strap Clamp

The powe;~sClurce,either~~chonica! or hard, that damps the strap clomp also moves it into position and later ret~actsitinasing[e....:operation. Observe the numerous designs for the wclking feature of the wa!kingstrap damps. ~o,

this is an equalizing, three point, swing washer, removable damp.

Strap Clamp

There. are a number of 'variatfon~ in how the cam and kidpln.~re used to damp and walk the strap clamps. In this illustrMlon the Hckpin strikes the side of the retrecting'hole and ~oves the clamp beck. During the clamping action the. kick!Jill moves the clamp forward and then the cam ectuetes

th& clemp, -

Walking Strap Clamp

"No one ever attains very eminent success by simply doing what is required of him; it is the amount and excellence of what is ooer and above the required, that determines success" .

CHARLES KENDALL AOAlvlS

577

Walking Strap Clamp

578

Walking Strap Clamp

J35

579-587

582-583

579

The kickback roller pushes ogainstbiod A to move ;he damp into damping position. Upon reaching it,the roller slips past brock A a': C, .and then cem D damps in oroove E, which prevents the damp from turning. 1.1 the- unclamp;ng action the roller slips past C again, $trikes block B. and retracts the clamp. The Hot spring

pushes down the_farther end of the damp. . .

580

~)

SLocK

-. s~r~7"

. I

).....;.i·-......:\.~.~ ..... ..:::::--~~ •• J .:'

-~J

,

----1

WalHng Strap Clamp

WalkingSfrap Clamp

.. ~ ~

.. F., ' E

I~t±.' ~.t~n.1

.h-W-Ji . .

A

·it·

. In the uncf"am_p.ing of'lerati~n, .. A moved to the left, a~d pi!). E in A' det(liled view J strikes the left groovaF o_f B. forcing B to H. which is fastened to S: H.-in tefes clamp ,G. In"the damping tion;.A moves to the right. E groove F." arid D . of A acts as. a raising C of S, 'which causes H to ate dampG.

As undomping takes place.

F, having moved clernp A to the right during the clamping ecfion, moves, ¢way from E. and the spring retracts damp A to the new ro+e+ed position of C. Pin D sfops the movement of cam B. The front view of D has been drawn' out of position.

During the clernpiaq ope~anon. Cleaves E and then F moves damp A to the' right. Clamping ecfion by (lXidl cam B follows.

"

Walking Strap Clamp

584

586

586-588

In the undamping operation, pin A in cam C moves to the left in the groove of damp 8. When if reaches the straight portion of the groove. it swings the clamp as shown. During the damping action, the pin moves along the circular portion of the groove, leaving the damp stationary.

:. - - ... ' .,. .

Walking Strap Clamp

Walking Strap Clamp

585

As E is raised in the clamping operatktJ its rad: rotates pinions 0 and 0,. moves F to .the. right and pin B of lows ill the cam groove of F, therebv.e .. '' ing pi" A of clerap K to move K position. Then cam H of F raises J and

K.

In the unclamping action, pin B of G down to the lower portion ?f the F as Fmoves to t.he left.T'ms c:aus~s

force pin A to retract clamp K as the positionshows~ .

In the damping operation, the pin in the cam

• pushes the d<lmp to the feR Inthe.undamping operatiori, the extension springs retractthe damp. The open end slot in the strap damp not only keeps the· c~mp from turning. butaJso eccornmodates itshorizontaJ movement. .

-,

Walking Strap Clamp

589-.591

j j

-,

Walking Strap Cldmp

589

_-------

When bol.t A of thec~amp is not at the center of triangle B,C,D of the three

pressurepoints, there win not be equal pressure at each point; .

As the handle isturned inthe unclernpinq operetioo, surface A meets surface C of block B. which is fastened to damp E to limit the amount of retraction. E is retrec+ed by spring D and prevented from turning by the T-slot in whichF is olaced. The ·amount of retrac-

tion is indicated by d, , . ... .. . .

AsE moves t6the left. piston B m6ves~way from D, ~If.owingspring C to bring damp A into damping ~o51tlon_Then wedge cam F actuates the clamping echon through the. roller. During retraction, F moves away from the roller and B strikes D. retracting damp A as the sprinq-Ioeded button pushes the right end of

A down, . .

PII1 ~

-, ..

Walking Strap Clamp

592-595

In the unclamping or· eration, the toggle linkage retracts clamp B uriti the left end of groove A strikes stationary pin C. Note the frequent use of a slot, one portion. of which is inclined and the other horizontal.

Walking Strap Clamp

, ' .

.. ~

594---', _

Walking Strap Clamp

Space is for incllned . retracted pos/t/on

Db clOmp]

t

lI..il

Walking Strap Clamp

As the handle is pulled forward, reI cam B forces clamp C higher"

. wedge A, clamping the p~rt. When unit is undamped. clernp C moves to left and the spring pushes the left of C upward.

600-604

596-599

96

601

Walking Strap Clamp

602

Wa!kingStrap Clamp

.\

As F moves toward position, spring.loaded moves damp A to the post stops it, then cam

tuates the clamp. It is retrac·ted.ll'il.

pin B in piston C.

"The ladder of Ufe is full of splinter»; but they always prick the hardest when we're sliding down." WILLIAM 1.. BRom..'ELL

'-- . TEE. SLOT

Walking. Str"apClamp

. 598-

. Frove_sto the r.ght,and cam G Its dlamplng force during the um:lalnOlO( tion. Pin A in F then strikes the B _', ._ ..... :",. endmilled groove. compressing . and retracting damp C. '

As F moves to the left in the damp.ii111~1 eration, A moves awayfrom B, . pushes clamp' C to the left until strikes the left end of the slot in Then cern G clamps clamp C.

\\IEDGE CLAMPS

. .. ,".

" .. ;-"

604

POW£R - SOURCE Wallcing Strap Clamp

- '-----

The spring moves clamp A to the left as to the left until slot C strikes stationary the wedge cam of B damps A. The B retracts the damp.

,

I

..... ......:.._

Wallcing Strap Clamp

Wedge Clamp

Wedge Clamp

605-611

605

672-619

Wedge Clamp

I I!I '( » I

II ·1 .

iTq.L_---- -:- ..J __

4~ -

606

-Wedge Clamp

612

613

Provlaes corner clearance for rotafin9 of clama

«~onfidence without competence fails to produce

results. " ORY AL CRAIG

Wedge CI~mp

614

607

Friction created by pressure from .the spring dutomatici!llly· turns. the dainpwhen the cap screw is turned. Note how the nut is held.

Wedge Clamp

Wedge Clamp

608

Wedge Clamp

~:--616

Wedge Clamp

617

Wedge Clamp

609

Wedge. Clamp

610

Wedge Clamp

61/

Wedge Clamp

Wedge Clamp

618

619

Wedge Clamp

Wedge Clamp

Wedge Clamp

145

\I.HU·,\U· Uf- ~.lJ ril AH}fl p~ ~,~ ~

~Hv ~1: V~~~~-ii~~ ;n1\1~~

'IS usually limited to th.in, flexible perfs and odd-shaped parts suitable Vacuum clamping

'e, light machining.

624-625

Vise-type damps are actuated by cams (including wedge-type), racks, gears, thread, rocker orms, or toggle Hnkages. They may be designed to !ocate the part or to equafizeit relative to other clamping.

,. ',

620

j -. ...

Some designers prefer that one damping iawbe e plate

and the other a v-block. The two threads in a centering vise must vary as to the number of threads per inch' to. permit eech [ewto move in properly for cantering reqerdless of the size of the diameter of the part. Observe the different directions of a, the difference between the radii.

Support pins ground to same heighf .

t metal por:t

Vacuum Clamp

621

a . is (PITCH) .

SIN e = SINe::: 3 [PITCH) =.l?33

e=56.~o -

Vise Type Ctamp

Two Yf;,e blocksq/ve poor c.hmp/nq of out of round rough costings or forgIngs.

The ratio of the threads is IACO to I.COO although the movement of the jaws is 1.414 to I.CCO, because the degree of accuracy provided is sufficient to center 'rough 'castings and forgings.

Vacuum Clamp

Vacuum Clamp

Vise Type Clamp

/La

._ .. _----_._--- ._--_ .. _- ._._ ..

626-630

Vise Type Clamp

C pushes jaw A and pulls

.. Vise TyP? Clamp

todamp position. E retracts Both laws end screw. D may horizontally to equalize about part.

Turning and locking the LH. nut allows the damp in which it is located to be adlusted, thereby making it possible for the clamps to center the part. See Sh<lft Clamping category for more examples of locking.

Vise Type Clamp

628

C pushes iaw A and pulls jaw B to damp position. E retracts jaw A.. Borh.jewsend screw D may move horizontally to equalize about th~

pad. I

Vise Type Clamp

629

30

Vise Type Clamp

CAM DEVELOPMENT

I

I

Il CAM

(J .. DEVELOPMENT

~~~~~""~"

. I

..

Vise Type Clamp

Vise Type Clamp

Vise Type Clamp

'_- "'--"_"--'" _._-----

631

ttA iii

!W \l II,
~
1{ i
~ Illl
II
III
0
'_.-
I Top view fC

As C. is moved forward. the reeks of A mesh with those of C and move [ews A clamp positio,n. The 70 <Ingle of the racks srrong d<lmplOg action.

Vise Type Clamp

. ~ost E moves a <lnditsatta ' .

ngnt as E moves A d'f ched clamp C to the

the left. During the, ~~cl~~ ~~tache? clamp D to moves A and B (and ,C dP09 achon, the spring' ,'" '","" an J eper+, "

632

Vise Type Clamp

637

t;ylit?drical pin A fits in reamed slot in C. Slot in C

IS needed for assembling. "

EQUALIZER

i"

",

TOP

, ,

]

As links D and E ap h th hori I th

strong. Wh . proa.c e ,omonta, e applied force is quite

"bove the hn .a part IS ~ b.lt undersr1:ed, center pins F and G w;\1 move d toggle 1inko~I:~;~1. relievmg the damping, unless there·is a stop. This is

Vise Type Clamp

Vise Type Cramp

"" Vise Type Clamp

638~

E.ND VIEW OF F

ID·.··· ..

,I

\ Vise Type Clamp

A T oqqle Unk Clamp ..

Vise

Jaws AandB slide in a horizontelly formed T-slot_ The angular open end milled.qrooves in cam H serve as cams fot rollers C andD, which are pinned toA end B by E and F end move [ewsA end B. Since pins E end F extend through frame G, slots are needed in G for their-movemem:.J,14 _~ a toggle link~e.

E

Jaws rnay oe srraoea ' fa f/f the part

CJ

Vise Type .Clamp

Vise Type Clamp

153

A, B, C is a +oqqls link<lge with B pin. ned to movable jaw D. The maximum amount of damping pressure OCcurs when A, B. and C are in a straiqht line. When A moves above the line through Ciend B. the clamp loosens. To prevent this (l stop is provided. It is fastened to F and strikes the underside of link B;A. The stop allows A to go slightly beyond the. straight line through C and S, there. by evoidinq having the clamp loosened by vibration.

Note that the set screws keyed to B adjust the j¢.ws that center the part; Cis a positioner.

The positioner locates the part approximately and then the iaws raise it to clamp position. The power source is (l commercial toggle clernp,

The wedge cams actuate the damps. See Power Sources for Clamp

Posts category for additional wedge Cams. .

s

Yise Type Clamp

- ...... :

644-

649-653

650 '

645

Properly adjusting A prevents Band C from aligning horizontally.

Vise'Type Clamp

,

J

t.

"Inventing is quite commonly a process ofslowly and determinedly eliminating the impossible solutions-until the real one is found, Then. see an.

'~

attorney. " ... .

GENICHI NOSAK. ...

-_" -; .

'653

646

Vise Type cramp

Vise Jaws

Vise Jaws

.-~

..,...:"

Vise Jaw

655

Vise Jaws

656

665

666

fviUlIIPlE LOADU~G

. ' ::' 'I "._'. ,. ~",' . " ,

When twoor more pans are damped simultaneously, equalizers are, invariably used. Springs

or cams of various types, bails, collets! oil,or LH; and R.H. threads maybe involved in the

damping. ,......,.'

659

657

Vise Jaw

658

~]

Vise Jaw

Vise Jaw

667

The rack and pinion rotate the, cam. Note', the two hardened pins with f1at$used. as wear surfaces for the cam.

Vise Jaw

661

662 .

=--~=.:::I\ --=-~-=4!._ __

. Vise Jaw

SlOE VIEW

Vise Jaw

.'--..,

151-

Multiple Loading

-------

669-670

669

As the .table rotates counterclockwise, tripping errri C strikes belt 0 and rotates rocker arm E. which moves damp F to clamp position. The table then stops rotating and the machining operation is performed. As the table rotates again, C moves beyond D. and spring S'forces pin A in damp F to move F, thereby unclilmping the part.

Multiple Loading

As C is raised. B is forced to compress the springs, moving ~ ourwerd to un~ damp the two parts. There are numerous duplications of this type of clamping

about a large table.

ROTARY GRINDING TABLE

Bel/eyille washer spdng does fhe damping

f-.oE~ -----_---_-- __ - __ DIAMETER -------~--:-.---

Multiple Loading

672-673

672

COLLET

r-r-t-- :r;

I I

I

The springs cause the expanders to expand the collets, damping the parts.

The cams later raise the expanders. unclamping the parts. .

Multiple Loading

After several parts have been machined, +eble 8 is rotated until cam A unc1amps the collets of the machined parts. As the parts are unloaded and reloaded, machining of other parts continues ..

Multiple Loading

J6{

: ~

~""",,~"""""~,c.>' ~-_-y_C -=~=-=-=_=_=-=_= __ = __ = ~-- 11111!!!!!!!!~

674

675

Multiple Loading

676

_ This is a damping device for use in a

VIse. /

_ Multiple Loading

Three parts are damped by one collet, Table A rotates, allowing parts to be machted"individuafly,

677

Multiple Loading

"-

Stop fefj 180" indexJng

I

--;___)

. \

The strong springs B pull the collets against the squee2;ers, clamping the three parts. Three cams undamp the collets. After holes C are drilled verticaJly, the three parts ere rotated ISOO to 011. low holes 0 to be drilled vertically.

Handle for f!!2clon7p;nq of,,) collets

Double corn allows chips 10 drop our

Multiple Loading

678-680

678

Multiple - Lo~ding

680"

\

679

~-

Asde$;gned ''{orfwe sl'zes!of

POCl .

When pressure is applied to the oil, pins A force the flat, rolled springs to clamp the parts. Screw B is inserted after the oil chernber is filled. This method of filling the oil chamber efficiently removes the highly compressible air from the chamber. Screw C is a plug for the drilled hole.

Multiple Lo .. ding

"

16~

.~

685-688

686

rcccentr/c

LShaFf for cam B

Recess A ellows rheequeli~ing clernpsfo be raised to ~cl greater height during the :..:ncl~mp~i1g cpereficn,

Multiple Loading

\

As the nut is turned. A dampsthe two parts, and rocker arms Band C pull the two damp POS~$ down. also domping the two parts.

Multiple Loading

The cam must be eccentric to piston A in order to use this method of compressing the oil to save space.

687 688

~.~ .:

The simple addition ora passagew<ly ellows one oil chamber to serve as the pressure source for several damps. A is inserted ofter the oil chamber is filled.

\..___-/;

,

f

/~

Passage way' to another-pair or'ctamos

Multiple Loading

(

Air is forced into the three chambers B, ec+uoting expenders A to spread the three sets of three iaws. The jaws ere refrec+ed by springs.

o

Multiple loading

Multiple Loading

1

I

. Multiple Loading

. This device automatically damps fourpar+s. A cam unclernps 7am 0 which is held in clamp pos: hon by the small clamping angle and tn!! strong spring. B equalizes betwc"." A end At, both of which have !hc·r own equalizers.

690

692-695

689

692

. "-..

Rocker errn 0 forces down I.ink A, which pulls down bolts B end C to clomp laws E.

Ml.lltipleLo<lding.

Multiple Loading

Each cam has a handle

Se;tscrew posit/on

Multiple Loading

694

693

Multiple Loading

The two earns damp two parts. The torsion spri.n~s hold the cams in clamp position during the-clamping operefon,

Multiple Loading

When the pin for A i!r.d B !s d!stance d from centerline 0 and C IS distance 2d from D, the damping action is equelIy distributed between the three parts.

P/n prevents part beIng inserted in wronqdirect/on

The setscrews are offset from the shaft of the two cams to allow the cerns to move the clemps, The cams are not fastened to the shaft. The slot for the tongue of A pre. vents the damps from turning. .

SQUARE.

Square-headed bolt A fits in esquere hole to prevent A from turning.

Multiple loading

Pins end other items are used to prevent parts 'from being incorrectly placed in position for damp. ing.

Multiple Loading

167-

.: .' .

. ~ ~

, ,

~ .;

.j .: -~ e , ,

Multiple Loading

699

c-~

d b d reck that ro-

l.H. and RH nut A is ~~~~de ~f the nut. Th:

tates the pinion on J~e prevent them from tur _ acme bolts are key I e gi~~dinally.

ing but do move on .

. b f h+ened jn the 00",,,1

'The left-hand cam allo~sktheie~~:dpl:r:its ~a~fd full extension of the

. . The qurc r

clockwise manner, . .. a! ofthe parts.

f ilitate remov .

clamps to aCMultipJe LOildmg

697

Multiple. Loading

702

\

703

in 5 each holding

! d evoral flat spn g , . cu e s ~

This design m~Yh'n Id in slot C of B.

rt Note A IS e

a pa . I

I i

i d' Multip'le loa '"9

Multiple Loading

\

,

Multiple loading

l_ ~~--c-------------~~M~U~~~p;le~L~o~a~di~n9~--------------------c---~~~~~/6q

.t

709-774

709

710

f Ilers A equalize eight parts,

The ourro

Multiple loading

Multiple Loading

. . A allows the handl~ to be

Raising by turn,ngdnut +eqeous position during the

·1 . d i the most a van .

P dce In . •

damping operation. • .

. Mu!tipleLoadlng .

711

·W·l

I .

+ ..

. W·.·-.··,-· ... ·

. I

, ..

+ .

. V.B -~-~Lj ..

~ ,rl"

Ft I I I .. rm~JI. L ,mL,. J

LjlIl,J L:fill:J L""".. I

I _

. h' h i Dinned to A,

. ;. ecfion, B. w tc ~\. C Iso

Ding the clamp,~~ d through hnl<. • a ur . . I . position an • . ates A to camp

damPeD. Multiple . Loading .

,. Multiple loading

Multiple loading

.. . 0 BUCKLE ED

ALLOWS HOSE 1URE'IS RELEAS WHEN AIR PRES

_.}

714

Multiple Loadin9

:::0

mber of clamps

date a nu ,

fire hose C(lO accorr;mo several parts or one

The be used to ciemp .. II equalizes the

line that ma:s The hose automahca y •

several pieces, Multiple Loading

Multiple loading

Multiple Loadin9

111

...

715

719-721

719

720

Re fain/ng pin SLOTTED WASHER-....... SPRING

__ ~----~~1~(~~.

- - --'Hr----'--,

l.--"""7"---·----- _)

f

BushIng plote or pump .Jig

4-

Multiple loading

Multiple loading

Multiple Loading

716

717

Multiple Loading

718

\ \

Multiple Loading

Multiple Loading

\

\

"There are two kinds of discontent in this world: the discontent that works, and the discontent that wrings its hands. The first gets what it wants, and the second loses what it has. There's no cure for the first but success; and there's no cure at all for the second. !'

. GORDON GRAHAI."f

Multiple L9ading

------~------ ---

725-728

TOGGLE llt~l{ ClAW1PING

The basic principle used in the design of the vise" grip pliers is also. used in the design of the toggle link damp. Either a rigid or an adiustable . stop must be provided in the design efthe toggle link damp to prevent it from unclamping. Some toggle damps have a built-in spring. to ovoid anrexcessive amount of clamping pressure.

Throughout this group, the clamp link pin of the damp is labeled A,the hinge or elbow pin is labeled' B (the one to which the power is applied either directly or through additional linkages);

and the stationary pin is labeled C. ' .

The maximum amount of clamping pressure is _created when pin B is on the !ine connecting pins A and C.lt is a common practice to allow pin B to go slightly beyond the' straight line connecting A and C before stopping it to prevent vibration from creating an unwanted un-

722

Force applied to pin 8 brings pin A of damp 3 in line with Band C to create, the maximum dmount of clamping pressure. Note that B is beyond A and not between A and C as it is in some of the other toggle link designs. Movement of B beyond a line connecting A and' C . initiates an unclamping action that stop E prevents from taking place. UsuallyB is allowed to pass slightly beyond line AC to avoid having vibration loosen the damp. Two linb I and two links 2 provide symmetry about damp 3_

Toggle Link Clamp (B beyond A. CI

Toggle Link Clamp (S beyond C, Al

17S

723

724

/,1 :\
Ic==== ==:=-Ff - --,
0 CD -) II Cl I
! _ I I r:::' l
I
0 0 ) I I \ J I -
- I I - _j
l~ -~~..="-=--------
-, '.J " r'/~7'riP!i:.:;\,~

I I

/

This clamp is similar to the toggle !ink clamp used on suitcases.

v .

Toggle link Clamp [8 beyond C. AI

725

726 y

"

--

/'-:---"'- ...

( I~~

L I

\ \

! I

\

TIle spring holds the handle up when thefiX+ure is undamped.

E.

Toggle Link Clamp (8 beyond C.AI

TORSION

, \

I

/

I I

-Cerch E prevents vibration from loosening the clernp. Note that it is a different type of stop.

Toggle link Clamp (B beyond C. AI

Toggle Link ClamplB beyond A. C)

( -, --"

." '\

, ')

\_.J<A

( \c

Toggle Link Clamp (B between A and C I

731-734

Toggle Link Clamp IB between A and CHSpring-Loaded)

732

731

»<

c e:J

STOP

Toggle link Clamp (B between A end C) (Spring-Loaded)

The washer springs prevent an excessive amount of damping pressure when the part is a bit oversized. Note how other clamps are spring-loaded.

Toggle Link Clamp(B between A and C) (Sp~ng-Loaded]

734

Toggle link Clamp (B beyond A, C] (Spring-Loaded]

Toggle Link Cramp (8 between A ~nd C) (Spring-Loaded)

! oggle Link Clamp

(B between A and C) (Spring-Loaded)

Spong' eliminates excessive pressur~

738-742

738

/

,

735

o

n

(

L _

"

,"

T o99le Link Clamp (B between /\arid C) (Spring-Loaded)

736

In the instances when it is desirable to retract ". the damp a greater distance than usual. ail extra _ -'- _ _ : ~ link G is added. An additional stop is then required r .' ............ to stop the movement of G in the clamping op-

l: ,erotion. I

STOP

I t

1

1 ·1

1 I I I I 1 I

737

.\

Toggle Link C.lamp {B between A end C I

Toggle wnk Clamp (B between A and C) (Double Stop)

"The man who will use his skiU and constructive imagination to see how much. he can give for a dollar, instead of how little he can

. give for a dollar, is bound to

"The law of worthy life is fundamentally the law of strife. It is only through labor and painful effort, by grim energy and resolute courage, that we moue on to better. things. " THEODORE ROOSE\'ELT

succeed."

HENRY FORD

Toggle Link Clamp( B between A dnd C 1

741.

r oggle lin~ Clamp (B between A ar:d C)

742

Toggle Link Clamp {8 between A and C 1

746-748

746

u
"
<:
Q
-c
e
OJ)
OJ)
3:
....
~
...0
a:l
a.
E
<0
D
-><
:J
41
cr. !l.
0'1 ::;!;
r-~ -c
..J
o
51 Since Bdoes not extend slightly beyond a line connecting A endC, the power epplied to S must be maintained • . during the clamping opera-

·tion.

Toggle link Clamp {B between A and Cl

T0991e link Clamp (B between A and Cl

_-;:

:,-

"',

Clamping action may be created by pulling the collet against the conical squeezer or the.

squeezer against the collet The collet cannot be allowed ro turn-The angle of the actuating'"· cone vcriesfrorn r to 15". When the angle is smell, there is oreoferneed to uncinch the col-

-.--.:....Ietfrom ifs squeezer by force. - .... ... .

'-:--,. , ....

'., -, \

748
LO \
-q-
I"
U
41
...
~ o
.'=
"
" <:
OJ) Q <,
~ -c
'" c
<: ~
-_il III
E • 3:
41" 1>
"- <I> ...0 '" .
w:-tl a:l ..... oJ)
41 ,.... '" '-
4;:Q) .~(J
<0 <: ~ -u
~.~ q III
., ,_
::l
to D oJ) '"
;j .,
3:->< Q ci..
0_'= -'" c a.E
.5 '"
c_- ~ ...c '"
... <0 ..,_-
oJ) ... 41 oJ) 0 <)
>1;; U> ~"E~
41 Q)
<;: <: 0'1 Ol:l .....
o
~<O !- <:0>-
5':- -- E...o
E q
:B ::J -0
!- oJ) III
...c .....
.... ., The commercial toggle !ink<lge damp actuates yoke S, which drews the collet against its squeezer A. Another power source rotates the collet and the part.

Collet (External!

NUT

750

This collet, which is actuated by (I drewber, clamps an odd-shaped part.

Collet (&ternan

749

7'"

For alternate . t·

posdiot7s of__"handle

The nut ~ctudtes the collet. Note the hardened wear ped A above the nut.

Handle coerares • in a 60~ radial . stot ia f"rame

Collet (&ternalJ

751

Slots are cut alternately from opposite ends of the double collet illuStrated. A double collet requires two squeezers.

The three pins Force trunnion A and the collet down. Pressure from the spring undnches the collet in the undampirig operation.

Collet (Extem~1)

754

Collet (External!

753

The cam draws the collet down. Note the rest in the center for

the part. . .

. Collet (External)

Celle+ (&ternalJ

752

755...;...759

755

CoUet (&ternan

. 758

756

For spanner

757

~

Actuated by an eccentric, the collet is prevented from turning by key A.

Thrust bearing A reduces friction.

Note the chipprotectoton the collet.

\ @

Raising trunnion 8 actuates squeezer A. Note that 8 fits in slots A and that it also retracts A.

Collet {&temalJ

"It is no use saying 'We are doing our best.' You haoe got to succeed in doing what is necessary."

WINSTON a CHURCHILL

Collet. (&ternal)

Collet (Externan

759

A rocker arm is used to actuate the collet,

Collet (External)

764-768

765

COlL~TS (INTERNAL)

761

.. :-"-

Pin flts in ;: of 4 slofs to keep sareade» from fvrning

r-

_--l, '

The cam-operated rocker arm fcrcescolIe+ A against oxpender.B.

Note the use of pins C to retract the collet.

Collet {Internal>

Raisingth e expander spreads the

rhree-piece collet. .

Collet (lnternaD

The eccentric draws collet·A <lgainst expander B. ci<lmpingthe part.

The cap screw also serves (IS _an(ldjustor~ .

ColletOntema[)

CoUet (Internal)

Collet (Internal)

This collet is slotted alternetely from opposite ends. It and the collet in the pictorial to the right ilre similar in this respect.

Collet (Internal) -

Collet ([nternal)

766

Collet can be expanded to accommodate.

Slots orcolter alternafe from opposite ends

Fill slots with

. \

soff rubber tr:: to keep out chips

\

Prevents fhl';' machining from fvrning collet

This double expender collet has slots cut from both ends,

Collet {Internal!

767

.~"",'7""'<'- - ------r-- '.

~~~~~~~~F~'--~ -;

A forces collet B down against expander D. C prevents the collet from +urninq, E. which is pinned to the bolt. reisesA in the undamping operation, Note the slots on both the inside <lrldthe outside of the collet.

768-

Collet {lnternall

Collet Oriternall

769-772

This is a simplified collet in that split ring C acts as a colle+,

770

Link A'eoebles the eccentric not only to clemp the co]-

let but elso.ro unclernp.i+, . ;

Collet !Internal)

CHUCKS

. Chucks take many forms. Actuated by gears, cams, springs, dr'awbars, or racks end pinions, th~y clamp_ internally as weH as externally.Jhe [ows move horizontolly,·on the incline,

or mcry swing. out of the way. .....

77/ 772·

The three positioners are out of phese with the three jaws by 600•

Chuck

The two narrow surfaces A of iaw B move along pin C to reduce frictiQfl.

773

773

Spring J ~du4~es M. which is Fes+ened to sleeve N, to force N down, fr.ilre:by ro'tating to a vertical position via link 0 one of th~:threefingers K that pre-position the parr, The other fingerh ere similarly rote+ed. After the part isplac,ed upon the three fingers, the damping operation begins.

When B is pulled down,expander C spreads the three equalized jaws A. As C is pulled down .by B, it. in turn. via Belleville washer springs D. forces expander H to spread the three equalized jaws G. After the six jaws have damped the per+, N is forced up, N, via the three [inks 0, rotates the three pre-positioning fingers K outward ·hori:tontaliy, leaving the underside of the part free to be machined.

Note how the six j<lWS <Ire retracted. Also note that the screw that holds in place bases E of the retracting springs ·for jaws G also serves as a set screw for expander C.

In. the undamping operation. sleeve P strikes expander H. raises it, and, via. spring D. raises C. allowing the six jaws to

retract. '

For turn/nq nut

r------ --

l -

'-----

L

!, I'

I

Chuck

776-778 776

777

C~en 0 is raised, the twelve

raise sq B·

th .. ueezer. which

e SIX IClWS A to cl ern Lh springs retrad th ''''. p' e part.

e !aws .

.. .

Chuck

Ais a chute for chip removal.

ChUCK

TO CLAMP

The flat spring holds th .

~ at all times and r. . e jdW against

jaw. C facilitates r erses <lInd lowers the :movo of chips.

UNCLAM~ POSITION

TO RELEASE COLLE.

Chuck

782

782

I

\

"

Positioners A locate the part approxi-

t' I K end fingers C position the part ma ey. " ra

for clamping. In the uncl~mp~ng ope -

ti 0 pulls down N, whIch, In turn, ret~~'ts M {end Kl and the two pl~S L

P· L move F which allows the.two ,aws ms , -1'_. kb L E B to retract, F el so strIKes <lC" a~" •

which causes 0 to retractcthe ~o _ fi~ gers C. Positioners A and are a rig , angles to the two jaws S_

Chuck

783-785

786-789

786

Positioners 8 locate the part approxim;'l~ely before it is damped. Two pre-position fingers, one of which is shown, position the part vertically. In the undamping operation. F causes Dto retract pre-position . fingers A as ·G causes E to move jaws C outward. The two jaws face eechorher as do positioners B and A. The jOlws and the positioners are at right angles to each other.

PLATE

This unif is attached toa comrnercleltwc-iew chuck. 788

Stirrup A remains stationary. but.C and D move. in

and out. When the lower ends of laws E and F stnke

floating plafe· B, i+forces the jaws to damp.

Chuck

Chuck

784

785

./

For use in a chuck

The jaws damp against the springs. which fit between gear teeth.

Chuck

Chuck

The. grinding chuck can be adjusted to center the part. Chuck

Chuck

---,

I

791

ChuCK

\/ ,

I

;!Lstanding leaders of epery age are those who set up . their own quotas. and constantly exceed them. 't

TIIOMAs J. WATSON

"The more a man giues of himself to his work, the more he will get out of it, both in wages' and satisfaction. ,; .J. T. MACKEY

790-792

793-795

l

\ ..

. . ,:", .. ~

The hollow drewber accommodates a long part.

Cam C spreads the three rocker arms B that actuate the three jaws Atomove horizontally.

792

ChUCK Jaws

These jaws for a commercial +hrse-jew chuck are designed to hold an irregular-shaped part.

The pin and the spring-loaded plunger hold A in place before the drewber is pulled down in the clamping ooeraticn. The set screw prevents B from turning while the part is being machined. A is removed in the unclamping operation.

Chuck Jaws

795

IJhis desiqn can be used when the jaws do not retract far sr-ough to clear the part.

. ChUCK Jaws

Chuck

. rUAc, ~M~.·;(~ni\n'f't 5\~JiDi~j~

Lh a ti ~id ",K ~n ';Ill \ii' ~;"h .. iii h ':I "'iJl

A diaphragm chuck is based on the principle that a thin plate may be .forcedto

dish-shcped. The plate (called a diaphragm) is round. Its outer . rim, which is thicker than

diaph~ogmi is fastened to the body. .. ..

Force· applied to thecer.ter of the plate causes it to take the shape of a dish. The part

then inserted between the iaws and the force actuating the diaphragm is removed, dl the now prestressed jaws to damp the part firmly. Reapplication of force to the dicph« ~nl-rii·'(i,.

_........,....undamps theiaws, freeing the part.

I

I

1

I

I

1

1

!

._J

Diaphragm

Th~se jaws for a . commercial three-jaw chuck are designed to· hold

an irregular-shaped. part. . .

Chuck Jaws

797

--'..,..

"\ I

When the three laws ofe chuck

be retracted for enough to clear this design can be utilized. The ·r.""r"'·+;~~:~

of i"wA permits supplementary [ew B

be mo .... ed far enough to the left to engage the ke..,......."y of B from tongue of A in order that B may be rotated ward, thereby clearing the part for movel, "Only one of the three chuck requireSrlOllementary j"Yf.

. Chuck Jaws

798

The eccentric causes the diaphragm to downward Md to actuate the iaws to clamp part on the bore of the diaphr"gm at A. B the extent to which the diaphragm cen be

799-801

800

_-L

3 CLAMPS 12cf APARtO .

A Iknits t~.~· extent to ~hic~ thediephreqrn actuating the

prestressed laws cen be dish ea. .-

" -._

;" '

When Bis putted down, thedi~phragm is dished downv:-"rd, collap'sirig the six~resttessediaws A. The pill prevents B from turmng.The extent to which the diaphragm can bedishedislimitedby C.

Diaphragm.

801

. The cam causes the diaphregmtodish ;nd to spread the nine prestressed jaws. The cylindrical portion of the sh"ft is the cam ..

Sroo o/n

. 2 Reqa ~

~ .·o

.-$-

CAM

Diaphragm

1. !

Instructions on the drawing give the following directions on how to prestress the collet.

Expand collet A .010 o~the diameter.

Solder the slots of the collet end grind taper to fit expander B with diaphragm C deflected .019. Deflec+di<lphragm C by inserting screw at D. then grind collet A to size. and concentric. and square with surfaces X. Y. Z. E limits the extent to ~/hich the diaphragm can be dished.

802

.~ ..

SPRING STEE.L DIAPHRAGM

803

When S raises the diaphragm. the jaws are actuated to damp the bore of the part on the periphery of the' diaph,agm ot A The four rubber pads dampen the vibration of the thin part.

Diaphragm

The drawbar forces the diaphragm to dish downward. thereby domping the pert on the periphery of the bore of the diaphragm at A.

Diaphragm

805-808

I

I

-__j_

---------

T li.

. um~ng s~re,"' 0 moves B and raises

C. wh!ch dishes di~,phragm A upward. ~Iarnp!r.g the part mternally. This chuCk IS desiqned _for the part that must be rote+ed dunng the machining process.

o

Pins Aunclamp the prestressed jaws. When the longer of the two parts the chuck accommodates is positione~ for m?chining. B is replaced with another part ,hat gUides the three pins and a!io''fs the- lange: part to pass through to C.

As· the drewber pulls the diaphragm to the left, the diaphragm actuates .theeight jaws to clernp the part.

Diaphragm . . -

Y"h~n force is arplied to . C. the eight pins B force A to r~,se ,he center a . the diephraqm, thereby spreading the eight prestressed jaws.

~phragm

808

I

·1 1

! !

I 1

Diaphragm

809-817

\

AUTOwlAT~C

An automatic clamp is held in damping position by mechanical means when the damping power source fails. The provision of on :alternate s~urce of power avoids the continued machining of {1 part that is no longer damped and the resultant damage.

Strong springs, toggle linkages, cone locks, wrench-pressured oil, prestressed diaphragm clamps, small angle wedge cams, or. spring-loaded collets or chucks are the mechanical means of holding automatic clcrnps, Frequently stops are added to prevent damage to the fixture in the event no part is in place during the damping operation.

809

810,:.

Hexagonal for rep/acJng of collet

. . • I

TO UNCLAMP

Screwing nut C down onto rcckererm D forces Eta reise sprinq-loeded collet A, thereby unclernpinq it. This design can accommodate a succession of different parts because the hexeqone] socket facilitates the replacement of the col-

let with one suitable for a different part. .

Automatic Clamp (Externa I Call et)

The chain drive rotates the spring - loaded collet. The handle unclamps the collet:

Automatic Clamp (Rotating External Collet)

812-813

... -.---.~-----

(_

N CO

'"

E

w

-

.5

al CO

Z o ~ u W L'l

-c «

z o

IU Ul [/)

201

816,\-819

816 \ .

The two eccentrics of Sh13ft Braise tlte two arms A that raise the two spring-loaded clamps in the undamping op-

eration. Automatic Clamp (External Pull Down)

817

Pressure from the spring ~n the pins compresses the oil, causing the thin section to clamp the part.

Use of w"ench releases pressure On - ail

Automati.:~lamp (&ternal}·

\~ cam does the \':!!2c1amp/nq

_L._..,_

819

Automatic Clamp!&ternal Equalizing)

Automatic Clamp (External!

'20