fiziks

Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
JEST-2012
Q1. A monatomic ideal gas at 1700 C is adiabatically compressed to 1/ 8 of its original
volume. The temperature after compression is
(a) 2.10 C (b) 17 0C (c) 200.5 0C (d) 887 0C
Ans. : (d)
Solution: PV   costant , PV  RT
TV 
 costant
V
 TV  1  costant
x
 V1  5
   443   8   443  4
 1  1 1
 TV 
2/3
1 1 T V
2 2  T2  T1   443 8 3

 V2 
Temperature in 0 C  1772  273  1499
 Most appropriate answer is option (d)

Q2. Consider a system of particles in three dimensions with momentum p and energy

E  c p , c being a constant. The system is maintained at inverse temperature  , volume

V and chemical potential  . What is the grand partition function of the system?

(a) exp e  8 V /   ch   (b) e  6V /  ch 

3 2
 

(c) exp e  6 V /   ch   (d) e  8V /  ch 

3 2
 
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Canonical partition function,
1  H
h3 
zN  e dpx dp y dpz dxdydz , E  pc

 
V V 4 V 3 8 V
zN  3 
4 p 2 e  E dp  3  4 p 2 e   pc dp   
  c    hc 
3 3 3
h 0 h 0 h
     8V 
Grand canonical partition function, z u  exp e kT z N   exp e kT  
   hc 3 
 8V 
 exp e  
 hc 3 

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
1 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q3. Consider a system maintained at temperature T, with two available energy states E1 and
E2 each with degeneracies g1 and g2. If p1 and p2 are probabilities of occupancy of the two
energy states, what is the entropy of the system?
(a) S  k B  p1 ln  p1 / g1   p 2 ln  p 2 / g 2 
(b) S  k B  p1 ln  p1 g1   p 2 ln  p 2 g 2 

  
(c) S   k B  p1 ln p1g1  p2 ln p2 g2  
(d) S  k B 1 / p1  ln  p1 / g1   1 / p 2  ln  p 2 / g 2 
Ans. : (a)
gi e   Ei
Solution: pi  , where z is partition function
z
 ln pi  ln gi   Ei  ln z

pi F
 ln    Ei   F  kT ln z 
gi kT

pi
 ln    Ei   F
gi

pi
 ln   F U   F  U  TS 
gi

pi  1 
ln
gi
    TS ,    kT 

pi  p   p p 
S  k ln  k   pi ln i    k  p1 ln 1  p2 ln 2 
gi  gi   g1 g2 

Q4. Efficiency of a perfectly reversible (Carnot) heat engine operating between absolute
temperature T and zero is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.75 (d) 1
Ans. : (d)
T2 0
Solution:   1   1  1
T1 T

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
2 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q5. Consider an ideal gas of mass m at temperature T1 which is mixed isobarically (i.e. at

constant pressure) with an equal mass of same gas at temperature T2 in a thermally

insulated container. What is the change of entropy of the universe?
 T  T2   T  T2 
(a) 2mC p ln 1  (b) 2mC p ln 1 
2 TT  2 TT 
 1 2   1 2 

 T  T2   T  T2 
(c) 2mC p ln 1  (d) 2mC p ln 1 
 2T1T2  2 TT 
 1 2 
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Let us consider final temperature will be T
T1  T2
mC T1  T   mC T  T2   T 
2
T
S1  mC p
T
T T
dT dT
Now, S  S1  S 2  S  mC p   mC p 
T1
T T2
T

T  T 
 S  mC p ln    mC p ln  
 T1   T2 
2
T  T T   T T 
 S  2mC p ln  mC p ln  1 2   S  2mC p ln  1 2 
T1T2  2 TT   2 TT 
 1 2   1 2 
Q6. A collection of N two-level systems with energies 0 and E  0 is in thermal
equilibrium at temperature T . For T   , the specific heat approaches to,
3Nk B
(a) 0 (b) Nk B (c) (d) 
2
Ans.: (a)
Solution: Z   e  Ei  e   0  e  Ei  Z  1  e  E  ln z  ln 1  e  E 

  Ee   E
U  E 

ln z  

 
ln 1  e   E  
1
1  e  E
 e  E
  E  
1  e  E

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
3 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
 
E

 U    Ee kT 
Now,    CV 
 T V T  
E 
kT 
 1 e 
 E 2 kTE E 2 kT2 E E 2 kT2 E  E 2 kT
E
 2e  2e  2e  e
 CV     C  kT 2
kT kT kT
V  CV T 
0
E 2 E 2
   
1  e 
kT 1  e kT 
 
 
 
Q7. A thermally insulated ideal gas of volume V1 and temperature T expands to another

enclosure of volume V2 through a porous plug. What is the change in the temperature of
the gas?
V  V   V V 
(a) 0 (b) T ln  1  (c) T ln  2  (d) T ln  2 1 
 V2   V1   V2 
Ans. : (c)
Solution: dH  TdS  VdP , for porous plug Joul Thomshon dH  0 and TdS  0 since it is
thermally insulated ideal gas
VdP  0
nRTdV
 VdP  0  nRdT  pdV  nRdT 
V
dV V2 dV V
dT  T  dT  T   dT  T ln 2
V V1 V V1

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
4 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
JEST-2013
Q8. Consider a system of two particles A and B . Each particle can occupy one of three
possible quantum states 1 , 2 and 3 . The ratio of the probability that the two particles

are in the same state to the probability that the two particles are in different states is
calculated for bosons and classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) particles. They are respectively
1 1 1
(a) 1, 0 (b) ,1 (c) 1, (d) 0,
2 2 2
Ans.: (c)
Solution: For two particle in same state:
AB 3 AB
3 3 3 3 3
AB 2 AB
2 2 2 2 2
AB AB
1 1 1 1 1 1
Boson Classical (Maxwell - Boltzman)
1/ 3
Probability ratio: 1
1/ 3
For two particle in different states
B B B A B A
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
B A B A A B
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A A 1 A B A B
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Boson Classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann)
1/ 3 1
Probability ratio: 
2/3 2
Q9. For a diatomic ideal gas near room temperature, what fraction of the heat supplied is
available for external work if the gas is expanded at constant pressure?
1 5 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 4 7
Ans.: (d)
Solution: It is isobaric process (constant pressure). Then  Q  nC p T  W  nRT

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
5 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
In this process  Q is heat exchange during process.
Function of heat supplied
W nRT R  1 1
     1
Q nC p T R   
 1

1  Cp R 
 1     Cp  
 2  CV   1
1  
 f 

f
 1 [ f  degree of freedom, for diatomic molecule f  5 ]
f 2
5 2
 1 
5 2 7
Q10. A metal bullet comes to rest after hitting its target with a velocity of 80 m / s . If 50% of
the heat generated remains in the bullet, what is the increase in its temperature? (The
specific heat of the bullet  160 Joule / kg / 0 C )

(a) 140 C (b) 12.50 C (c) 100 C (d) 8.20 C

Ans.: (c)
1 2 1 80  80
Solution: Conservation of momentum 50% of mv  mcT   160 T
2 2 2
80  80 1
 T    100 C
4 160
Q11. Consider a particle with three possible spin states: s  0 and 1 . There is a magnetic
field h present and the energy for a spin state s is  hs . The system is at a temperatureT .
Which of the following statements is true about the entropy S T  ?

(a) S T   ln 3 at T  0, and 3 at high T (b) S T   ln 3 at T  0, and 0 at high T

(c) S T   0 at T  0, and 3 at high T (d) S T   0 at T  0, and ln 3 at high T

Ans.: (d)
Solution: S  k ln  , where   number of microstates
S  k ln 3   3 , at height T and at T  0 , it is perfect ordered i.e. S  0

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
6 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q12. Consider three situations of 4 particles in one dimensional box of width L with hard
walls. In case (i), the particles are fermions, in case (ii) they are bosons, and in case (iii)
they are classical. If the total ground state energy of the four particles in these three cases
are EF , EB and Ecl respectively, which of the following is true?

(a) EF  EB  Ecl (b) EF  EB  Ecl

(c) EF  EB  Ecl (d) EF  EB  Ecl

Ans.: (b)
Solution: For fermions, in 1-D box of width L , the ground state energy for single particle is
 2 2
written as, 0
2ml 2
 10 1 4 0 1 9 0 116 0  30 0

For Boson  40 , For Maxwell  40

EF  EB  Ecl

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
7 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
JEST-2014
Q13. A monoatomic gas consists of atoms with two internal energy levels, ground state E 0  0

and an excited state E1  E . The specific heat of the gas is given by

3 E 2 e E / kT
(a) k (b)
kT 2 1  e E / kT 
2
2

3 E 2 e E / kT 3 E 2 e E / kT
(c) k  (d) k 
2 
kT 2 1  e E / kT  2
2 kT 2 1  e E / kT  2

Ans.: (c)
Solution: E0  0, E1  E
Then partition function is
z   e   Ei  z  e  0  e  E  ln z  ln 1  e    E1

  Ee   E
ln 1  e    1
U E  ln z   E
  E  e  E
    kBT 
  1  e  E  1  e  E
 
E
  kET  E  
E

E
 E 
1  e k BT
 E.e . 
B
2 
 Ee k BT
e k BT
 2 
   k BT   k BT 
 U   
   CV 
 T v
2
 
E

1  e k BT

 
 
E 2E 2E
E 2  k BT E 2  k BT E 2  k BT
 
E E
e e e 
k BT 2 k BT
k BT 2 k BT 2 k BT 2 E e 2
E e
CV  2
 2
 2
 
E
  
E
  E

1  e k BT
 k BT  1  e
2 k BT
 k BT  1  e
2 k BT

     
     
3
If gas will classically allowed, then CV  kB
2
E
2 k BT
E e
and quantum mechanically, CV  2
 E

k BT  1  e
2 k BT

 
 
3 E 2 e E / kT
 CV  k B 
 
2
2 kT 2 1  e E / kT

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
8 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q14. The temperature of a thin bulb filament (assuming that the resistance of the filament is
nearly constant) of radius r and length L is proportional to
(a) r 1 / 4 L1 / 2 (b) L2 r (c) L1 / 4 r 1 (d) r 2 L1
Ans.: (a)
Q15. Ice of density 1 melts at pressure P and absolute temperature T to form water of
density  2 . The latent heat of melting of 1 gram of ice is L . What is the change in the
internal energy U resulting from the melting of 1 gram of ice?
 1 1   1 1 
(a) L  P   (b) L  P  
  2 1    2 1 

 1 1   1 1 
(c) L  P   (d) L  P  
 1  2   1  2 
Ans.: (d)
Solution: dU  dQ   W  dQ  PdV
2
 1  1 1 
dU  mL  PdV  dU  L  P    2 d  L  P  
1     1  2 
1 1
 V   dV   d
 2
Q16. What is the contribution of the conduction electrons in the molar entropy of a metal with
electronic coefficient of specific heat?
(a) T (b) T 2 (c) T 3 (d) T 4
Ans.: (a)
Solution: CV  BT 3  AT

Q17. Consider a system of 2N non-interacting spin 1 / 2 particles each fixed in position and
carrying a magnetic moment  . The system is immersed in a uniform magnetic field B .
The number of spin up particles for which the entropy of the system will be maximum is
(a) 0 (b) N (c) 2 N (d) N / 2
Ans.: (b)

H.No. 40‐D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi‐110016 
Phone: 011‐26865455/+91‐9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com  | Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com  
9 
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Solution: Let us consider n number of spin out of 2 N particle have spin up remaining 2 N  n is
down.
 N 1
 2 C n for spin (up)
Number of ways,    2 ,
2 C N 1
2 N  n for spin (down)
 2
Entropy, S  k ln   S  k ln 2N
C2 N  n  k ln 2N
Cn

  2N !   2N !  
S  k  ln   ln 
   n ! 2 N  n  !   n ! 2 N  n  ! 

S  2k ln 2 N ! ln n! ln 2 N  n !

S  2k  2 N ln 2 N  2 N  n ln n  n   2 N  n  ln  2 N  n    2 N  n 
 ln N !  N ln N  N !
S  2k  2 N ln 2 N  2 N  n ln n  n  2 N ln  2 N  n   n ln  2 N  n    2 N  n  

S  2k  2 N ln 2 N  n ln n  2 N ln  2 N  n   n ln  2 N  n  
1
Now for maximum entropy at equilibrium for spin up particle,
2
dS
0
dn
 n
 1  ln  2 N  n 
dS 2N n
 2k    1  ln n   1 
dn  n 2N  n 2N  n 
 2N n 
 2k  1  ln n    ln  2 N  n  
 2N  n 2N  n 

 2N  n   2N  n 
 2k  1   ln  2 N  n   ln n   2k  1  1  ln 0
 2N  n   n 
 2k  0

 2N  n  2N  n
 ln 0  1  2 N  2n  n  N
 n  n

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Q18. For which gas the ratio of specific heats C p / C v  will be the largest?

(a) mono-atomic (b) di-atomic (c) tri-atomic (d) hexa-atomic

Ans.: (a)
CP  2
Solution:    1   , where f is degree of freedom.
CV  f 
For monoatomic: f  3 , For diatomic: f  6 , For Triatomic: f  9
For hexaatomic: f  18

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JEST-2015
Q19. For a system in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at temperature T , which one of the
 1 
following equalities is correct?    
 k BT 
 
E  E  E2 E  E2  E
2 2
(a) (b)
 
(c)


E  E2  E
2
(d)


E   E2  E  2

Ans.: (a)
i Ei e  Ei
Solution:  E 
 e  Ei i

 E E e  i
2  Ei
E e i
2  Ei
 e   Ei E e  i
2  Ei
E e i
2 2  Ei

 i
 i
 i
 i
 e   Ei
   Ei 
2
e   Ei
   Ei 
2

i e  i e 
 i   i 
 E
  E  E2
2


Q20. An ideal gas is compressed adiabatically from an initial volume V to a final volume V
and a work W is done on the system in doing so. The final pressure of the gas will be
 C 
   P 
 CV 

W 1  W  1 W 1  W  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
V     V     V   V  
Ans.: (c)
Solution: Work done in adiabatic process,

2 2  PV
PV
W 1 1
1 

 V2 
  P1  P2  
  
2 2  PV
 PV 1 1  P1  P2 
 V1 
P2V  P2  V W 1   
W  P2 
1    V     

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Q21. A particle in thermal equilibrium has only 3 possible states with energies  , 0,  . If

the system is maintained at a temperature, T  , then the average energy of the
kB
particle can be approximated to,
2 2 2 2  2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
3k BT 3k BT k BT
Ans.: (b)


  kT
 

e  0  e 
  
kT kT kT
e e
Solution: E       

e kT  1  e kT  1  e  kT  e kT 
 
     
1  kT   1  kT   2 2
   
 E   
    3kT
1  1    1  
 kT   kT 
Q22. The blackbody at a temperature of 6000 K emits a radiation whose intensity spectrum
peaks at 600 nm . If the temperature is reduced to 300 K , the spectrum will peak at,
(a) 120m (b) 12  m (c) 12 mm (d) 120 mm
Ans.: (b)
1T1 600  6000
Solution: 1T1  2T2  2    12000 nm  12  m
T2 300
Q23. The entropy-temperature diagram of two Carnot engines, A and B , are shown in the
figure 4. The efficiencies of the engines are  A and  B respectively. Which one of the
following equalities is correct? S
B
(a)  A 
2 A B
(b)  A   B
(c)  A  3 B
(d)  A  2 B
T
Ans.: (d)

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W
Solution:   , where W = area under the curve , Q1 = area under high temperature
Q1

A 
 2T  T  3S  0   T 
1
and  B 
 4T  3T   3S  0   T  1
2T  3S  0  2T 2 4T  3S  0  4T 4
 A 1/ 2
   2   A  2B
 B 1/ 4
Q24. Electrons of mass m in a thin, long wire at a temperature T follow a one-dimensional
Maxwellian velocity distribution. The most probable speed of these electrons is,

 kT   2kT   8kT 
(a)   (b)   (c) 0 (d)   .
 2m   m   m 
Ans.: (c) f  vx 
1/ 2 mvx2
 m  
Solution: f  vx     e 2 kT
dvx ;   vx  
 2 kT 
Most probable speed vx  0 vx

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JEST-2016
Q25. An ideal gas with adiabatic exponent  undergoes a process in which its pressure P is
related to its volume V by the relation P  P0  V , where P0 and  are positive
constants. The volume starts from being very close to zero and increases monotonically
P0
to . At what value of the volume during the process does the gas have maximum

entropy?
P0  P0  P0 P0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 1     1     1     1   
Ans.: (c)
nRdT
Solution: TdS  nCV dT  PdV  TdS   PdV
  1
For maximum entropy, dS  0
For Ideal gas, PV  nRT  PdV  VdP  nRdT
PdV  VdP PV  VdP
 TdS   PdV  dS  PdV 
   1 nR    1   1
Since, P  P0  V  dP   dV

PV  VdV dS  nRP nR
dS  PdV     V
nR   1    1 dV    1 PV   1 PV
dS
For maximum entropy,  0   P  V  0    P0  V   V
dV
 P0
V 
 1   
CP
Q26. An ideal gas has a specific heat ratio  2 . Starting at a temperature T1 the gas under
CV
goes an isothermal compression to increase its density by a factor of two. After this an
adiabatic compression increases its pressure by a factor of two. The temperature of the
gas at the end of the second process would be:
T1 T1
(a) (b) 2T1 (c) 2T1 (d)
2 2

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Ans.: (b)
Solution: During the isothermal process, T  T1 is constant

Let us assume, the adiabatic process started at point A  P1 , T1  and at point B the
1 1 2
P   P  2
coordinate is  P2 , T2  , it is given P11 T1  P21 T2  T2   1  T1  T2   1  T1
 P2   2 P1 

 T2  2T1

N 1
Q27. A two dimensional box in a uniform magnetic field B contains localised spin-
2 2
N
particles with magnetic moment  , and free spinless particles which do not interact
2
with each other. The average energy of the system at a temperature T is:

1  B  1  B 
(a) 3 NkT  N  B sinh   (b) NkT  N  B tanh  
2  k BT  2  k BT 

1 1  B  3 1  B 
(c) NkT  N  B tanh   (d) NkT  N  B cosh  
2 2  k BT  2 2  k BT 
Ans.: (c)
N N N
Solution: For free particles in two dimension, average energy is kT and for localized
2 2 2
1 1  B 
spin- particle, the average energy is  N  B tanh  
2 2  k BT 
Then average energy of system at temperature T is

NkT 1  B 
E   N  B tanh  .
2 2  k BT 

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Q28. A gas of N molecules of mass m is confined in a cube of volume V  L3 at temperature
T . The box is in a uniform gravitational field  gzˆ . Assume that the potential energy of a

molecule is U  mgz where z   0, L  is the vertical coordinate inside the box. The

pressure P  z  at height z is:

  L   L
 mg  z  2    mg  z  2  
exp     exp    
 k B T   k B T 
   
(a) P  z  
N mgL   (b) P  z  
N mgL  
V 2  mgL  V 2  mgL 
sinh   cosh  
 2 k BT   2 k BT 
k BTN N
(c) P  z   (d) P  z   mgz
V V
Ans.: (c)
Solution: The partition function of a system is given by,
3N N
 k BTV    mgl  
N
 2 mk BT  2
ZN      1  exp    
 h 
2
 mgL    k BT  
Helmohtz free energy is given by, F  kBT ln Z N

 F  k TN
Pressure is given by P      B
 V T , N V

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JEST 2017
Part-A: 1-Mark Questions
Q29. After the detonation of an atom bomb, the spherical ball of gas was found to be of 15
meter radius at a temperature of 3  105 K . Given the adiabatic expansion coefficient
  5 / 3 , what will be the radius of the ball when its temperature reduces to 3  103 K ?
(a) 156 m (b) 50 m (c) 150 m (d) 100 m
Ans. : (c)
1
3/ 2
 1  1  T1   1 T 
Solution: TV
1 1  T2V2  V2    V1  V2   1  V1
 T2   T2 
1 1
 T 2  3  105  2
 R   1  V1  R   3 
15  150
 T2   3  10 
Q30. If the mean square fluctuations in energy of a system in equilibrium at temperature T is
proportional to T  , then the energy of the system is proportional to

 2
(a) T (b) T 2 (c) T  1 (d) T 
Ans. : (c)
 U 
Solution:  E   kT 2CV  T  2  CV  T  2    1
2
 U T
 T V
Q31. Suppose that the number of microstates available to a system of N particles depends on
N and the combined variable UV 2 , where U is the internal energy and V is the volume
of the system. The system initially has volume 2m3 and energy 200 J . It undergoes an

isentropic expansion to volume 4m3 . What is the final pressure of the system in SI units?
Ans. : 25
Solution: Here,   UV 2  N  S  Nk ln UV 2 

From law of thermodynamics,

TdS  dU  PdV
S 1
   U  NkT …….(1)
U V T

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S P
and   PV  2 NkT …….(2)
V U T
From equation (1) and (2),
PV  2U …….(3)
Now, from equation (3),
2U i 2  200
i i  2U i  Pi 
PV   200 atm …….(4)
Vi 2
As the given process is isoentropic,
U
 TdS  0  dU  PdV   P
V S

and from equation (3),

U P V P V P 3P P V
   P     3
V S 2 2 V S 2 V 2 P V
On solving above equation, we have
PV 3  K (constant)
PV 3
200  23
i i  Pf 
 Pf V f 3  PV   25 atm
3 i i

Vf 3 43
Q32. A cylinder at temperature T  0 is separated into two compartments A and B by a free
sliding piston. Compartments A and B are filled by Fermi gases made of spin 1/ 2 and
3 / 2 particles respectively. If particles in both the compartments have same mass, the
ratio of equilibrium density of the gas in compartment A to that of gas in compartment
B is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2/5
3 2 2/5
22 / 3
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Follow Pathria Page 198 equation 20 for  f

And equation (38) at pages 200

From equation (38) at T  0
2
p n f
5

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2/3
2  6 2 n  2
 n  (using equation (24))
5  g  2m
for equilibrium  A   B
2/3 2/3
n  n 
 nA  A   nB  B 
 gA   gB 
5/ 3 2/3
 nA  g 
   A 
 nB   gB 
1 5
g A  25  1  2   1  2 , g B  25  1  2   1  4
2 2
2 / 3 2 / 3
 gA   1 
2/3
n 1
    A  
 gB   2  nB  2 

nA 1
 2/5
nB 2

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