ICS 43.

080
T 47

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 18333.2—2015
Replace for GB/Z 18333.2—2001

Zinc-Air Batteries for Electric Vehicle

Issue date: 2015-02-04 Implementation date: 2015-09-01

Issued by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine

of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
 GB/T 18333.2—2015

Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................................... II
1 Scope.....................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative reference ............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions..........................................................................................................................1
3.1 Zinc-air battery .............................................................................................................................. 1
3.2 Mechanical switching zinc-air battery........................................................................................... 1
3.3 Cell 1
3.4 Battery module .............................................................................................................................. 1
3.5 Rated capacity ............................................................................................................................... 1
4 Symbol ..................................................................................................................................................1
5 Requirements .......................................................................................................................................2
5.1 Cell 2
5.2 Battery module .............................................................................................................................. 3
6 Test methods ........................................................................................................................................3
6.1 Test conditions............................................................................................................................... 3
6.2 Cell test.......................................................................................................................................... 4
6.3 Battery module test........................................................................................................................ 6
6.4 Test procedures.............................................................................................................................. 8
7 Inspection rules....................................................................................................................................9
7.1 Inspection items............................................................................................................................. 9
7.2 Factory inspection ....................................................................................................................... 10
7.3 Type test ...................................................................................................................................... 10
8 Mark, package, transport and storage ............................................................................................10
8.1 Mark ............................................................................................................................................ 10
8.2 Package ....................................................................................................................................... 11
8.3 transport....................................................................................................................................... 11
8.4 Storage......................................................................................................................................... 11

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GB/T 18333.2—2015

Foreword
This standard was drafted according to the rules stated in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This standard shall replace GB/Z 18333.2-2001 Zinc-Air Batteries for Electric Road Vehicle; compared
with GB/Z 18333.2-2001, the main technical changes are as follows, except editorial changes:

- Modify applicable scope of standard;

- Modify test subjects and corresponding test items, assessment on safety of cells and assessment on
electric property and safety of battery module;

- Add I5 test capacity, I3 test power characteristic, high and low temperature discharge capacity,
charge retention and battery repeatability after the cathode and electrolyte are replaced;

- Add safety cell requirements and test methods (see 5.1.10 and 6.2.10);

- Add requirements and test methods of battery module, appearance, polarity, dimensions and quality,
pourability, discharge performance, safety and vibration resistance (see 5.2 and 6.3);

- Modify requirements and test methods of working life of air anode (see 5.1.9 and 6.2.9).

This is proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information.

This standard is under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization
(SAC/TC 114).

Drafting unit of this standard: Wuhan Hongyuanweili New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Dongfeng
Yangste Automobile (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Tianjin University, China Electronics Technology Group
Corporation Eighteenth Institute, and China Automotive Technology & Research Center.

Main drafters of this standard: Liu Weichun, Lei Hongjun, Qin Xue, Ma Hongbin and Meng Xiangfeng.

The release of all previous versions of the standards substituted by this standard is as follows:

— GB/Z 18333.2—2001.

II
 GB/T 18333.2—2015

Zinc-Air Batteries for Electric Vehicle

1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, symbols, requirements, test methods,
inspection rules, marks, packages, transport and storage of zinc-air battery of electric
vehicle (hereafter referred to as battery).
This standard applies to the zinc-air battery of electric vehicle that supplements energy by
mechanical switching.

2 Normative reference
The following documents are necessary for the application of this document. For dated
normative references, only the dated version applies. For references undated, their latest
versions (including all amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.17 – 2008 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2:
Test Methods – Test Ka: Salt Mist (IEC 60068- 2-ll:1981, IDT)
GB/T 2900.41 Electro-technical Terminology--Primary Cells and Batteries
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions determined in GB/T 2900.41 and GB/T 19596 as well as the
following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Zinc-air battery
It refers to the device that transforms chemical energy into electric energy by taking
oxygen in the air as anode active material, zinc as cathode active material, and alkaline
solution as electrolyte.
3.2 Mechanical switching zinc-air battery
It refers to the zinc-air battery which replaces zinc electrode and electrolyte to supplement
energy.
3.3 Cell
It refers to the basic unit device which directly transforms chemical energy into electric
energy, including electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte, shell and terminal and is designed in
such a manner that it can supplement energy multiple times.
3.4 Module
It refers to the complex that is composed of more than one cells connected in series, in
parallel or in a way combining above two methods, only has negative and positive output
terminals, and can be used as power supply. This complex is allowed to be provided with
an electronic control system.
3.5 Rated capacity
It is supplied by the enterprise, and refers to the energy (Wh) discharged at the time of
reaching the final voltage on the condition that the battery discharges I5(A) current at room
temperature. It is hereafter referred to as rated capacity.

4 Symbol
The following symbols apply.
C5 - 5-hour-rate rated capacity, in ampere • hours (Ah);

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GB/T 18333.2—2015

C5‘– 5-hour-rate actual capacity after 7 days of standing, in ampere ·hours (Ah);
I3– 5-hour-rate discharge current, which is equal to C3/3, in amperes (A);
I3– 3-hour-rate discharge current, which is equal to C3/3, in amperes (A);
QT – Air supply volume theoretically required by the battery, in cubic meters per hour
(m3/h); n - number of cells;
R Nominal internal resistance of battery, in milliohms (mΩ);

5 Requirements
5.1 Cell
5.1.1 Appearance
According to inspection in 6.2.1, the battery shall be smooth and complete without
deformation, plaque, crack or alkaline liquor on surface, and its marks and signs are clear
and correct.
5.1.2 Polarity sign
According to inspection in 6.2.2, the polarity signs at battery terminal shall be correct.
5.1.3 Dimensions and quality
According to inspection in 6.2.3, the dimensions and quality of battery shall meet the
product technical conditions supplied by the enterprise.
5.1.4 Pourability
According to inspection in 6.2.4, no leakage is allowed on battery.
5.1.5 Discharge performance
According to inspection in 6.2.5, the average discharge capacity cannot be less than 95%
of nominal capacity when the discharge current is I5, and the average capacity is not less
than 65% when the current is I3.
5.1.6 Low-temperature characteristics
When the battery is tested under specified conditions, the discharge capacity of battery
shall be not less than 60% of initial rated capacity and its terminals and appearance are
intact according to inspection in 6.2.6.
5.1.7 High-temperature characteristics
When the battery is tested under specified conditions, the discharge capacity of battery
shall be not less than 80% of initial rated capacity and its terminals and appearance are
intact according to inspection in 6.2.7.
5.1.8 Charge retention
According to inspection in 6.2.8, the battery capacity measured shall be not less than 80%
of rated capacity.
5.1.9 Working life of air anode
When tested under specified conditions, the working life of air anode shall be not less than
300 cycles according to inspection in 6.2.9.
5.1.10 Safety and reliability
5.1.10.1 No explosion, fire or leakage is allowed when a short-circuit test is carried out according to
6.2.10.1.

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 GB/T 18333.2—2015

5.1.10.2 No explosion or fire is allowed when a squeezing test is carried out according to 6.3.6.2.
5.1.10.3 No explosion or fire is allowed when a squeezing test is carried out according to 6.3.6.2.
5.1.10.4 No explosion, fire or leakage is allowed when a discharge test is carried out according to
6.3.6.5.
5.1.10.5 No explosion or fire is allowed when a salt mist test is carried out; the plaque within each
1cm2 of connecting sheet shall be less than 2mm2 and appears at two places as a
maximum.
5.2 Battery module
5.2.1 Appearance
According to inspection in 6.3.1, the battery shall be smooth and complete without bruise,
deformation, plaque, crack or alkaline liquor on surface, and its marks and signs are clear
and correct.
5.2.2 Polarity sign
According to inspection in 6.3.2, the polarity signs at battery terminal shall be correct.
5.2.3 Dimensions and quality
According to inspection in 6.3.3, the dimensions and quality of battery shall meet the
product technical conditions supplied by the enterprise.
5.2.4 Pourability
According to inspection in 6.3.4, no leakage is allowed on battery.
5.2.5 Discharge performance
According to inspection in 6.3.5 the discharge capacity cannot be less than 90% of nominal
capacity when the discharge current is I5, and the capacity is not less than 60% when the
current is I3.
5.2.6 Safety and reliability
5.2.6.1 No explosion or fire is allowed when a short-circuit test is carried out according to 6.3.6.1.
5.2.6.2 No explosion or fire is allowed when a squeezing test is carried out according to 6.3.6.2.
5.2.6.3 No explosion or fire is allowed when a drop test is carried out according to 6.3.6.3. 5.2.6.4
No explosion or fire is allowed when a heating test is carried out according to 6.3.6.4.
5.2.6.5 No explosion, fire or leakage is allowed when a discharge test is carried out according to
6.3.6.5.
5.2.6.6 According to inspection in 6.3.6.6, the product shall have necessary vibration resistance.
When tested under specified conditions, its discharge voltage shall be kept normal without
mechanical damage, leakage, fire or explosion.

6 Test methods
6.1 Test conditions
6.1.1 Environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out under the following environmental
conditions:
a) Test temperature: 25 °C±2 °C;
b) Relative humidity: 25%〜85%

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GB/T 18333.2—2015

c) Atmospheric pressure:86kPa〜106kPa;
d) Air supply volume: the air volume supplied for zinc-air battery in the test shall be
more than 4 times of theoretical air supply volume, or shall meet the manufacturer’s
requirement on air supply volume.
The theoretical air supply volume required by zinc-air battery is expressed by formula (1):

Wherein,
QT - Air supply volume theoretically required by zinc-air battery, in cubic meters per hour
(m3/h) at 1 standard atmospheric pressure;
n – number of cells.
6.1.2 Precision of test instrument, meter and apparatus
The precision of test instrument, meter and apparatus is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Precision of Test Instrument, Meter and Apparatus

No. Name Meter Precision Tolerance Range

1 Voltmeter Class 0.5 ± 0.5%

2 Ammeter Class 0.5 ± 0.5%

3 Thermometer Precision ±0.5% Division value ≤1℃

4 Timer Hour, minute and second scale ± 0.1%

5 Measuring tool Division value ≤1℃ Accuracy ±0.1%

6 Weighing apparatus Grade I Accuracy ±0.1%

7 Air volume measuring instrument Precision ±3% ± 0.03 m/s

6.1.3 Preparation of tested samples

The test shall be conducted within 1 month after preparation of zinc-air battery. Prior to
test, inject electrolyte into all battery shells and keep still more than 24h. Inject new
electrolyte into all immersed battery shells and place in zinc electrodes to be tested, and the
test samples of cells or battery modules will be formed; all the samples are fully charged.
6.2 Cell test
6.2.1 Appearance
Visual inspection.
6.2.2 Polarity
Check with a voltmeter whether the terminal voltage of the tested battery is consistent with
polarity sign of terminal.
6.2.3 Dimensions and quality
6.2.3.1 Measure cell dimensions with a general or special measuring tool.
6.2.3.2 Weigh the mass of cells with a general or special weighing apparatus.
6.2.4 Pourability
Tilt the tested battery cell 90°from height direction (Y-direction) and along horizontal
direction (X-direction), and keep 30s; then carry out visual inspection.

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 GB/T 18333.2—2015

6.2.5 Discharge performance test

At 25 °C±2 °C:
a) The cell discharges at I5 and its cut-off voltage is 0.8 V. Measure its discharge time,
and calculate discharge capacity C5; replace its cathode and electrolyte, repeat testing
3 times, and calculate the average value of discharge capacity;
b) The cell discharges at I3 and its cut-off voltage is 0.8 V. Measure its discharge time,
and calculate discharge capacity C3; replace its cathode and electrolyte, repeat testing
3 times, and calculate the average value of discharge capacity.
6.2.6 Low-temperature test
Place the tested cell samples in -20 °C±2 °C test chamber for 12h, and then discharge at I5;
its cut-off voltage is 0.6 V. Measure its discharge time, calculate its discharge capacity, and
carry out visual inspection on battery appearance and terminals at both electrodes.
6.2.7 High-temperature test
Place the tested cell samples in 55 °C ±2 °C test chamber for 4h, and then discharge at I5;
its cut-off voltage is 0.8 V. Measure its discharge time, calculate its discharge capacity, and
carry out visual inspection on battery appearance and terminals at both electrodes.
6.2.8 Charge retention test
Under the specified conventional environmental conditions, measure the actual capacity C
of battery after placing the tested battery cell sample at room temperature for 7 days; then
calculate the charge retention H through formula (2).

Wherein,
H – Charge retention, %;
C5’ – Actual capacity after 7 days of standing, in ampere ·hours (Ah);
C5 – Battery rated capacity, in amperes (Ah);
6.2.9 Working life of air anode
The working life of air anode shall be tested according to the following steps:
a) Replace the cell’s zinc electrode and electrolyte;
b) Keep still for 20min;
c) Discharge the tested battery cell sample at I5 (A) until the cut-off voltage reaches 0.7
V;
d) Repeat steps a)-c) as a cycle; recycle 300 times or find obvious electrolyte dipping
(i.e. there are more than two places of electrolyte dipping within 30 x 30 mm2 of air
cathode);
e) Number of accumulative cycles.
6.2.10 Safety and reliability test
All safety tests are conducted with sufficient environmental protection; remove the active
protection circuits, if any.
6.2.10.1 Short-circuit test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery cell shall
be kept still for 30min at 25 °C ±2 °C, and use a proper conductor (with resistance <5 mn)

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GB/T 18333.2—2015

to force positive and negative terminals of battery directly short-circuited for 50s. Observe
for 1h.
6.2.10.2 Drop test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery cell shall
be kept still for 30min at 25 T 士 2 °C; keep cell terminals downward, let it free drop onto
cement ground from a height of 1.5m, and observe for 1h.
6.2.10.3 Heating test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery cell shall
receive an over-discharge test according to the following steps:
a) Place the battery cell into temperature chamber, heat the chamber at 5 °C/min to
130 °C ±2 °C, and then stop heating after keeping this temperature for 30min.
b) Observe for 1h.
6.2.10.4 Over-discharge test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery cell shall
receive an over-discharge test according to the following steps:
a) The battery cell discharges at 2I3(A) till the cell voltage is up to 0V; then force to
discharge at 2I3(A) continuously for 30min;
b) Observe for 1h.
6.2.10.5 Salt mist test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery cell shall
receive an over-discharge test according to the following steps:
Carry out salt mist continuously for 24h with the salt mist test methods of Test Ka in GB/T
2423.17-2008.
6.3 Battery module test
The battery module samples for testing shall meet the following conditions:
- Total voltage is not less than 5 times of battery cell voltage;
- The rated capacity of battery module is not less than that of cell.
6.3.1 Appearance
6.3.1.1 Appearance inspection
Carry out visual inspection to check whether the battery module is flat and dry without
bruise on surface.
6.3.1.2 Mark inspection
Carry out visual inspection to check whether the battery module marks are complete, clear
and correct.
6.3.2 Polarity sign
Measure terminal voltage of the tested battery module with a voltmeter, to check whether it
is consistent with the polarity sign of terminal.
6.3.3 Dimensions and quality
6.3.3.1 Dimension inspection
Measure dimensions of battery module with a measuring tool.

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 GB/T 18333.2—2015

6.3.3.2 Quality inspection

Weight the mass of battery module with a weighing apparatus.
6.3.4 Pourability
Tilt the tested battery module 90°from height direction (Y-direction) and along horizontal
direction (X-direction), and keep 30s; then carry out visual inspection.
6.3.5 Discharge performance test
At 25 °C±2 °C:
a) The cell discharges at I5 and its cut-off voltage is 0.8 V. Measure its discharge time,
and calculate discharge capacity C5; replace its cathode and electrolyte, repeat testing
3 times, and calculate the average value of discharge capacity;
b) The fully charged module composed of n cells in series discharges at I3, and its
cut-off voltage is nX0.8 V. Measure its discharge time, and calculate discharge
capacity C3; test 3 times and calculate the average value of discharge capacity;
6.3.6 Safety and reliability test
All safety tests are conducted with sufficient environmental protection; remove the active
protection circuits, if any.
6.3.6.1 Short-circuit test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery module
shall be kept still for 30min at 25 °C ±2 °C and then receive a short-circuit test under the
following conditions:
a) Use a proper conductor (with resistance <5 mn) to force positive and negative
terminals of battery directly short-circuited for 50s.
b) Observe for 1h.
6.3.6.2 Squeezing test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery module
shall be placed at 25 °C ±2 °C for 30min and then receive a Squeezing test under the
following conditions:
a) Form of squeezing board: it is a semi-cylinder with the radius of 75mm, and its height
is more than the maximum size of squeezed battery;
b) Squeezing direction: perpendicular to plane direction of air anode of cells;
c) Squeezing degree:
- Stop squeezing when the deformation of battery module reaches 30%;
- Stop squeezing when the squeezing force reaches 1000 times of battery module
weight or 500 kN, which is the greater;
d) Observe for 1h.
j) Drop test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery module
shall be placed at 25 °C ±2 °C for 30min and then receive a drop test under the following
conditions:
a) Keep terminals of battery module downward, and make it free drop onto cement
ground from a height of 1.5m.

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GB/T 18333.2—2015

b) Observe for 1h.

6.3.6.4 Heating test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery module
shall receive a heating test according to the following steps:
a) Place the battery module into temperature chamber, heat the chamber at 5 °C/min to
130 °C ±2 °C, and then stop heating after keeping this temperature for 30min.
b) Observe for 1h.
6.3.6.5 Over-discharge test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery module
shall receive an over-discharge test according to the following steps:
a) The battery module discharges at 2I3(A) till the cell voltage is up to 0V; then force to
discharge at 2I3(A) continuously for 30min;
b) Observe for 1h.
6.3.6.6 Vibration resistance test
After fully charged in a mechanical switching way according to 6.1.3, the battery module
will be secured onto the vibrating table by keeping upright and then is tested under the
following conditions:
a) Discharge current:I5(A);
b) Vibration direction: vertical;

c) Vibration frequency: 30 Hz〜55 Hz;

d) Maximum acceleration:30m/s2;
e) Vibration time:3h;
f) Observing for 1h.
6.4 Test procedures
6.4.1 See cell test procedures in Table 2.

Table 2 Cell Test Procedures

No. Test Item Chapter/Article No. of Inspection Method Cell No.

1 Appearance 6.2.1

2 Polarity 6.2.2 1#〜21#

3 Dimensions and quality 6.2.3

4 Pourability 6.2.4 1#〜2#

5 Discharge performance 6.2.5 1# 〜3#

6 Low-temperature characteristics 6.2.6 4#〜5#

7 High-temperature characteristics 6.2.7 6# 〜7#

8 Charge retention 6.2.8 8# 〜9#

9 Working life of air anode 6.2.9 10# 〜11#

10 Short-circuit 6.2.10.1 12#〜13#

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 GB/T 18333.2—2015

No. Test Item Chapter/Article No. of Inspection Method Cell No.

11 Drop 6.2.10.2 14# 〜15#

12 Heating 6.2.10.3 16# 〜17#

13 Over-discharge 6.2.10.4 18# 〜19#

14 Salt mist 6.2.10.57 20# 〜21#

6.4.2 See test procedures of battery module in Table 3.

Table 3 Test Procedures of Battery Module

No. Test Item Chapter/Article No. of Inspection Method Battery Module No.

1 Appearance 6.3.1

2 Polarity Sign 6.3.2 1#〜9#

3 Dimensions and quality 6.3.3

4 Pourability 6.3.4 1#〜2#

5 Discharge performance 6.3.5 1#〜3#

8 Short-circuit 6.3.6.1 4#

9 Squeezing 6.3.6.2 5#

10 Drop 6.3.6.3 6#

11 Heating 6.3.6.4 7#

12 Over-discharge 6.3.6.5 8#

13 Vibration resistance 6.3.6.6 9#

7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection items
See Table 4 for inspection classification, inspection items, Chapter/Article No. of
requirements, quantity of samples and inspection cycle.

Table 4 Inspection Items

Inspection Chapter/Article No. Inspection

No. Inspection Items Quantity of Samples
Classification of Requirements Cycle

Appearance and polarity

5.1.1.5.1.2
1 (battery cell and battery 100% 一
5.2.1.5.2.2
module)

Dimensions and quality

2 Factory (battery cell and battery 5.1.3,5.2.3 2% —
inspection module)

Room-temperature Sample 5 ones for 500

discharge performance (included) cells, and sample
3 5.1.5,5.2.5 —
(battery cell and battery 10 ones for more than 500
module) cells

Pourability 2 cells for each item and 3

5.1.4, Once every two
4 Type test (battery cell and battery cells for discharge
5.2.4 years
module) performance; 1 battery

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GB/T 18333.2—2015

Inspection Chapter/Article No. Inspection

No. Inspection Items Quantity of Samples
Classification of Requirements Cycle

Discharge performance module for each item and 3

5.1.5, modules for discharge
5 (battery cell and battery
5.2.5 performance; totally 21 cells
module) and 9 modules are used.
Low-temperature
6 5.1.6
discharge characteristics

High-temperature
7 5.1.7
discharge characteristics

8 Charge retention 5.1.8

9 Working life of air anode 5.1.9

Safety and reliability

10 (battery cell and battery 5.1.10,5.2.6
module)

Note: totally 25 battery cells and 12 battery modules are to be sampled; wherein, 4 cells
and 3 modules are used as standby.
7.2 Factory inspection
7.2.1 Prior to delivery, each batch of products shall receive factory inspection according to items
of room-temperature discharge performance inspection.
7.2.2 If one or more items are found non-conforming during factory inspection, return the product
to the production department for rework and general examination, and then resubmit it for
acceptance. If there are still one or more items found non-conforming during re-inspection,
the product will be judged non-conforming.
7.3 Type test
7.3.1 It is required to conduct type inspection in case of any of the following situations:
a) Commissioning of new products and transferring of old products;
b) Transfer between factories;
c) Resuming production after discontinued;
d) Major changes of structure, process or materials;
e) Once every two years.
7.3.2 Judgment rules: if one item is non-conforming during the type test, it will be deemed as
non-conforming.

8 Mark, packaging, transport and storage

8.1 Mark
8.1.1 The following marks shall be provided on products:
a) Manufacturer name or trademark;
b) Product model or specification;
c) Manufacturing date:
d) Polarity symbol;
e) Warning mark.
8.1.2 The following marks shall be provided on outer wall of packing box:

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 GB/T 18333.2—2015

6.2.10.6 Product name, model, specification, quantity, manufacturer name, address and
post code;
6.2.10.7 Product standard No.:
6.2.10.8 Net weight and gross weight of each box;
6.2.10.9 Indicate words such as “Damp-proof”, “Do not place upside down” and “Handle
gently”.
8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The battery package shall meet damp-proof and vibration-resistant requirements.
8.2.2 The documents of attached products shall be placed inside the packaging box.
a) Packing list (referring to multiple packages);
b) Product qualification certificate:
c) Product Operation Instruction;
d) The package of zinc electrode must be sealed and isolated from air, and resistant to
vibration and damage.
8.3 transport
8.3.1 The product shall not be subject to severe mechanical collision, sun exposure or rainfall, or
placed upside down during transport.
8.3.2 The product shall be handled gently, but cannot be thrown, rolled or heavily pressed during
loading and unloading.
8.4 Storage
8.4.1 The product shall be stored at a dry, clean and well-ventilated place with temperature of
5 °C-35 °C.
8.4.2 The product shall be prevented from direct sunlight to avoid contact with any harmful gas
and liquid. The distance from heat sources (heating installation, etc.) is not less than 2m.
8.4.3 The product cannot be placed upside down or horizontally, or subject to any mechanical
impact or heavy load.

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 National Standard of the People's Republic of China

Zinc-Air Batteries for Electric Vehicle

GB/T18333.2-2015

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