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QW-290 TEMPER BEAD WELDING

When the applicable Code Section specifies the use of this paragraph for temper bead welding, QW-
2 90.1 through QW-290.6 shall apply.

QW-290.1 Basic Qualification and Upgrading Existing WPSs.

All WPSs for temper bead welding of groove and fillet weld shall be qualified for groove welding in
accordance with the rules in QW-202 for qualification by groove welding or the rules in QW-283 for
welds with buttering. WPSs for overlay shall be qualified in accordance with QW-214 or QW-216.
Once these requirements and any additional qualification requirements of the applicable
construction code have been satisfied, then it is necessary only to prepare an additional test coupon
using the same procedure with the same essential and, if applicable, the supplementary essential
variables with the coupon long enough to obtain the required temper bead test specimens.
Qualification for groove welding, welding with buttering or cladding, and temper bead welding may
also be done in a single test coupon.

When a procedure has been previously qualified to satisfy all requirements including temper bead
welding, but one or more temper bead welding essential or supplementary essential variables are
changed, then it is necessary only to prepare an additional test coupon using the same procedure
with the same essential and, if applicable, supplementary essential variables and new temper bead
welding essential variable (s) with the coupon long enough to obtain the required test specimens.

QW-290.2 Welding Process Restrictions. Temper

bead welding is limited to SMAW, GTAW, SAW, GMAW (including FCAW) , LLBW, and PAW. Manual
and semiautomatic GTAW and PAW are prohibited, except for the root pass of groove welds made
from one side and as described for making repairs to temper bead welds in QW- 290.6. The essential
variables listed in Table QW-290.4 apply in addition to the variables applicable for the process(es)
qualified as given in QW-250. When toughness testing is the basis for acceptance, the
supplementary essential variables of QW-250 applicable to the process being qualified shall apply.
When these variables conflict with or provide more stringent limitations than those of QW-250,
these variables shall govern.

QW-290.3 Variables for Temper Bead Welding Qualifications.

Table QW-290.4 lists the additional essential, supplementary essential, and nonessential variables
that apply when temper bead qualification is required. Essential variables column A shall apply when
the applicable Construction Code or Design Specification specifies hardness criteria for temper bead
acceptance criteria. Column B shall apply when the applicable Construction Code or Design
Specification specifies toughness testing for temper bead acceptance criteria. Column C shall apply
when the applicable Construction Code or Design Specification specifies neither hardness nor
toughness test criteria. The column “Nonessential Variables” applies in all cases.

QW-290.6 In-Process Repair Welding.

(a) In‐process repairs to welds made using temper bead welding are permitted. In‐process repairs
are defined as repairs in which a flaw is mechanically removed and a repair weld is made before
welding of a joint is presented for final visual inspection. Examples of such repairs are areas of
removal of porosity, incomplete fusion, etc., where sufficient metal has been mechanically removed
that localized addition of weld metal is necessary in order to make the surface geometry suitable for
continuation of normal welding.
(b) Surfaces to be repaired shall be prepared by mechanical removal of flaws and preparation of the
surface to a suitable geometry.

(c) For processes other than manual and semiautomatic GTAW and PAW, repairs shall be made using
the parameters given in the WPS for production temper bead welding. The approximate location of
beads to be deposited relative to the original base metal surface shall be identified, and the
applicable parameters shall be used for the layers to be deposited as specified by the WPS.

(d) When it is necessary to make repairs using manual or semiautomatic GTAW or PAW, a WPS shall
be prepared based on PQRs developed for temper bead welding using machine or automatic GTAW
or PAW, respectively. This WPS shall describe the size of the beads to be deposited and the volts,
amps, and travel speed to be used for the beads against the base metal, for each temper bead layer
and for the fill and surface temper bead layers corresponding to the locations where repair welding
is to be done. These shall be within the equivalent power ratio for machine or automatic welding for
the respective layers given in QW-409.29.

(e) Welders who will use manual and semiautomatic GTAW or PAW shall be qualified to use these
welding processes as required by QW-300. In addition, each welder shall complete a proficiency
demonstration. For this demonstration, each welder shall deposit two or more weld beads using
WPS parameters for each deposit layer. The test coupon size shall be sufficiently large to make the
required weld bead passes. The minimum pass length shall be 4 in. (100 mm). The heat input used
by the welder shall be measured for each pass, and the size of each weld bead shall be measured for
each pass, and they shall be as required by the WPS. The following essential variables shall apply for
this demonstration:

(1) a change from one welding procedure to another

(2) a change from manual to semiautomatic welding and vice versa

(3) a change in position based on a groove weld in either plate or pipe as shown in Table QW-461.9

(4) continuity of qualification in accordance with QW-322 shall be based on following the WPS that
was demonstrated in addition to using the process as required by QW-322

QW-403.25 Welding procedure qualifications shall be made using a base metal of the same
P‐Number and Group Number as the base metal to be temper bead welded. When joints are to be
made between base metals from two different P‐Number and Group Number combinations, a
temper bead procedure qualification must be made for each base metal P‐Number and Group
Number combination to be used in production; this may be done in separate test coupons or in
combination on a single test coupon. When base metals of different P‐Number and Group Number
combinations are tested in the same coupon, the welding variables utilized and test results on each
member of the coupon shall be documented independently but may be reported on the same
qualification record. Where temper bead welding is to be applied to only one member of a joint
(e.g., on the P‐No. 1 member of a joint between P‐No. 1 and P‐No. 8 metals) or where cladding
is being applied or repaired using temper bead techniques, qualification in accordance with QW-290
is required only for the portion of the WPS that applies to welding on the member to be temper
bead welded.
QW-410.58 The deletion of surface temper beads (see Figure QW-462.12) or a change from surface
temper beads that cover the weld surface to beads that are only deposited along the toes of the
weld.

QW-410.61 The distance, S, from the toe of the weld to the edge of any tempering bead shall be
limited to the distance measured on the test coupon ±1/16 in. (±1.5 mm) (see Figure QW-462.12) .
Alternatively, a range for S may be established by locating temper beads at various distances from
the toe of the weld followed by hardness traverses or toughness testing, as applicable. Temper
reinforcing beads shall not be permitted to touch the toe of the weld. In addition, the ratios of heat
input described in QW-409.29 shall apply to temper beads.

QW-410.62 The method of removal of surface temper bead reinforcing layer when it will be
removed, including provisions to prevent overheating of the weld surface.

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