Impact of instructional technology on concept formation of secondary school science

students (use of Multimedia in teaching of Biology at 9th class)

Submitted by: HinaMumtaz

Submitted to: Dr Aftab Ahmed
Reg no: BN663952
B.ed(1.5) year (Leadership and Management)
Table of Contents

Research Topic ...............................................................................................................................1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1
Statement of problem ....................................................................................................................1
Research Objective ........................................................................................................................1
Hypothesis.......................................................................................................................................1
Significance of study ......................................................................................................................1
Research Methodology ..................................................................................................................2
Data Analysis and Interpretation .................................................................................................2
Biblography………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Topic:
Impact of instructional technology on concept formation of secondary school science
students (use of Multimedia in teaching of Biology at 9th class)

Introduction: By using different teaching methods majority of the teachers used old and traditional
method like lecture method,at secondary levels in arts and science subjects.But due to period of time it
now it is most important thing that how to use technology in educational field specially in science
subjects by using MULTIMEDIA in Biology subject. Multimedia Used various types of digital
media,texts,images,sound,videos etc.The purpose of using multimedia in science class is to vonvery and
learn the toics in presentable and informative way, e.g ,by showing the video of (Nervous System) to the
students without defining by the teachers the can also understand and learn from that video. A research
study was carried out selecting 35science students of class 9th studying in secondary school. The rationale
for the study was to identify the underachievers in science and to find out the ways through which their
level of achievement can be improved in biological science.Experimental research was used to measure
the intelligence of the 9th standard students for selecting underachievers in science. The results revealed
that Multimedia technology plays an important role for better achievement in biological science.

Keywords: Multimedia Technology, Biological Science

The purpose of present study were Impact of instructional technology on concept formation on
secondary school science students (use of MutiMedia in teaching of Biology at secondary at
9th class).

Objective of the study: The objective of this study is to check the improvenment of learning by using
multi media in biology class.by using multi media it can be easily define for the teacher as well as for the
students to understand diagrams,experinment more quickly.

Finding of Study: Data were collected from Secondary School number of Students were 40.
Research should be Experimental.

Hypothesis:
The questionnaire consisted of Questions relating to the (i) Availability of multimedia (ii) Its use in class
room (iii) Teachers training both pre-service & in-service about use of multimedia. The result reveals
that the use of multimedia in biology class play a very positive response , it’s helps students to easily
understand the experiments and diagram.

H-0 Multimedia will effectively improve the learning process both for the teachers and the students.
H-1 This research will emphasise the use of multimedia in the schools. To check the effectiveness of
Multimedia on students development and influence their learning process.
The results revealed that Multimedia technology plays an important role for better achievement in
biological science’

Questionnaires were comprised of questions relating to: (i) Availability of multimedia (ii) Multimedia use
in classroom (iii) Teachers training both pre-service & in-service to use multimedia
Significance of study:

The research would directly be helpful for the teachers and students to improve the use of
MultiMedia in biology class for their enhancement of more learning.

Analysis of Data and Interpretation

The main purpose of the study is to compare the use of Multi Media in secondary level school
9th biology class.

Design and population of the Study:

This study were delimited to:

The secondary level of School (class 9th biology class).

Sr.no No of Name of No of students No of teachers

institution institution
1 30-40 1

Sample And Size of the Study: 30-40 Students from the Secondary level (class 9th biology
class)
Research methodology: The research method that i am going to be used is action research and
experimental.

Analysis of Data and Interpretation:

The main purpose of the study is to compare the use of Multi Media in secondary level school 9 th biology
class.

Biblography:
Atkinson N, John N (1975). Modern teaching aids: A practical Guide to Audio-Visual Techniques in
Education. London.

Macdonald and Evans Ltd. p 209-210,Botham C. (1967). Audio-Visual Aid for cooperative Education and
training. Rome (Italy). pp 63-64.

Brown J, lewis R and Harcleroad F (1977). AV Instruction Technology, Media and Methods. 5th Edition.
New-York (United States of America). McGraw-Hill. pp 127-128.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Today changing in educational is one of the most important impact now a day to enhance

students and teachers learning advance technological knowledge and skills In the era of

modern education, technology has a bigger impact on the learning of students and teachers. The

traditional method of teaching include a teacher standing in front of the students and explaining

the concepts in an effective way Old and traditional methods of teacher are they stand in front of

students and start their lecture in a very impressive and attractive way by the useusing of white/

black boards, charts, and models etc. for explanation of the topics to explain the topics. Teachers

also sometimes draw different diagrams on board with the help of colored markers to

differentiate label that the diagram for easily easy understandable understanding of the for

students. The modern technologies have recently made their way into the education system.But

now due to passage of time modern technologies are used in education system for their

development. The and now the use of multimedia in the classroom cannot be denied. It facilitates

the teachers to communicate That will make more facilitate for teachers to teacher their subject

in a very effective waymanner. The sitting arrangement of a traditional class room is different

compared with the sitting arrangement of a class with multimedia support. In traditional

classroom different methods of setting arrangement can be used. By comparisons of traditional

and multimedia classroom settings are greatly different from each other.

Survey A survey by UNESCO (2002) recommendsation on improving the improvement of the

teaching of science with diversification of contents and methods, promoting promotion of

experimentation, innovation, the diffusion, and sharing of information. The same can be, this

could also be applied in the teaching of biology.

The use of Multi Media plays a very important role in every field ofmodern life including

education. Multimedia usage but now a day it is is growing to become a necessary necessity to

use in educational level especially in system especially in the science subjects. Biology is the

main science subject of science in which we can learn describe and practically done perform

different experinments. ,by the The use of multimedia it is going to be facilitates for the teachers

and students for to learn and understand different things complex biological concepts regarding

their subject in an easy-to-learn waymanner.

Definition Of Multimedia: Firstly we should describe the (The Wikipedia definition) of

Multimedia terms it as is “the content that which uses a combination of different content forms

such as text, audio, images, animations, video. Multimedia contrasts with media that use only

rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced

material.”

Multimedia is a system that provides allwhich includes different components such as the

necessary things like hardware, software, pictures, sounds, videos, graphics, photos, and data in a

single box (Feldman).

By usingThe use of (Multi Media) multimedia it provides a different form of learning for

students and also providesing stored access to stored information regarding theirs studiescourse

material.

Applications:

Multi Media system can be used in classrooms for the encouragement and learning of students

through their participation. Multimedia system can be used for different purpose. In Pakistan
Education system are in developing process. In the education system old and tradition methods are used

that is lecture method which teacher can deliver their lecture in a very effective and attractive way that

students can understand what they learn and memorize that lecture for a long period of time. Students are

attentive and participative. By this method students may memorize the lectures for a long period of time.

According to experts different Types of Multimedia Systems and applications are used.

By using different teaching methods majority of the teachers used old and traditional method like

lecture method, at secondary levels in arts and science subjects. But due to period of time it now

it is most important thing that how to use technology in educational field especially in science

subjects by using MULTIMEDIA in Biology subject.

Multimedia used various types of digitalmedia,texts,images,sound,videos etc.The purpose of

using multimedia in science class is to convey and learn the topics in presentable and informative

way, e.g. ,by showing the video of (Nervous System) to the students without defining by the

teachers the can also understand and learn from that video. A research study was carried out

selecting science students of class 9th studying in secondary school. The rationale for the study

was to identify the underachievers in science and to find out the ways through which their level

of achievement can be improved in biological science.Experimental research was used to

measure the intelligence of the 9th standard students for selecting underachievers in science. The

results revealed that Multimedia technology plays an important role for better achievement in

biological science. To check the effectiveness use of multimedia in biology. we can create and

promote new techniques in studies. To understand the meaning full learning in biology

multimedia plays a very important role for both teachers and students.

Due to modern era it is important to use technology in educational field especially in science

subjects. The current teaching strategies commonly used for teaching science among the students

have failed to solve their problem solving skills their critical and logical thinking (Shan & Khan,
2015), the great demand is to shift to technology integration strategies as a new form of

pedagogy.

By using multimedia in biology class it can improve:

1. Multimedia learning is long lasting rather than old and traditional methods.

2. Multimedia learning is more attractive for students and they can enjoy it.

3. Students enjoy learning through media to a greater extent than by traditional methods.

4. Highly effective skills are taught through Multimedia.

APPROACHES OF LEARNING TRADITIONAL METHODES: Traditional education is

very common all our word. It is also called conventional education. With the time being it is

advancement of technology is used. Traditional approaches learning are less creative.

Knowledge can be delivering through lecture and text books. In Pakistan the demand of

traditional method is more rather than advance technological methods because lake of

technological resources, trainings of teacher for advance technology.

APPROACH OF MULTIMEDIA IN LEARNING: Multimedia plays a very important role in

our life. It can be used in various field of our life such as education, medicine, business training,

and science and also in arts technology.

(Robert winter) define Multimedia is a software which offers advantages of user driven book

with the wonders of electronic technology.

Different educational courses, skills and knowledge are taught through multimedia. Various

types of Software are available in the market which can also help students and teachers to learn

in more effective and friendly way. Multimedia can help teachers to provide the students with
problem solving learning, critical thinking and cooperative learning and discussion. Multimedia

approaches in educational field provide more advantage over the traditional methods.

USE OF MULTIMEDIA IN EDUCATION: Multimedia use in education such as computer

software, Adobe Flash, Adobe Photoshop, by using these students and teachers can create a

project their assignments and presentations, But learning of each function of those multimedia

can get through trainings.

Text: The basic element of multimedia is Text and it is very easy to use. Different size and style

are font can be used.|

Graphic: Graphic are most creative way of learning approach. It is two-dimensional figure. It

can be either drawing, pictures etc. Different Types are pictures format such as GIF, JPEG,and

PNG. By using graph, pictures it can be more effective way to learn and develop interest of

students.it can also increase memory of students by showing them pictures.

Audio: Learning from audio has been used in education for many decades and it is very effective

for student’s learning. Audio will help teachers to explain the topic in a very interesting way. It is

also use for distance learning and the sound of audio can also help for blind peoples.

Video And Animation: Video is the main element of multimedia. It can provide visual for

students for their better understanding of learning. Different types of audio format can be used

DVD, MPEG4 etc. Teacher can also ask their students to make a video of their project.

Animation is different from videos. Animation can help students to learn fast. Also called fun in

learning by creating different animation in their projects.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: After implementation of using Multimedia on biology class to

check the performance students. Impact of instructional technology on concept formation on

secondary school science students (use of Multimedia in teaching of Biology at secondary at 9th

class).

Objective of the study: The objective of this study is to check the improvement of learning

by using multimedia in biology class.by using multimedia it can be easily define for the teacher

as well as for the students to understand diagrams,experinment more quickly.

 To find the effectiveness of using multimedia in biology class.

 To find out the effectiveness of multimedia achievement on teachers and student by

checking experimental level.

Finding of Study: Data were collected from Secondary School number of Students were 40.

Research should be Experimental.

Hypothesis:

1. The use of Multimedia in biology class will effectively improve the learning process of both

teachers and students.

2. Achievement of multimedia belongs to different intellectual levels of students.

Limitations of the Study:

This study was directly being helpful for the teachers and students to improve the use of

Multimedia in biology class for their enhancement of more learning skills and experimental

knowledge.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Over the period of Time, Teaching through Multimedia can has been be used in different levels

of education especially in experimental subjects like Biology, Mathematics, Physics etc. This

study explored the use of multimedia impact on biology students. To find out the effectiveness

and measurement of learning abilities and enhancement of practically working of

students.(Nirmala et.al.,2006;Yea-RuChange,1999).
Human being is curious in nature. Teachers used different methods of learning for students to

built and improve their knowledge skills. Define them with new things e.g. use of computers,

projectors, Multimedia for their practical learning, how they manage? Multimedia plays a very

important role in every field of life .Through giving them different task. Example, showing them

(Nervous system) and ask students what they understand after watching the video.( Prasad,2005).

According to scholars they point out that the use of multimedia technology is very effective for

learning. The main purpose of using multimedia in classroom is to gain motivation and interest

of the students. Variety of educational programmers can be used in classrooms through this

technology. Liu, Jones and Hem Street (1998)

According to researcher and different studies show that the use of technology is very important

in the field of education especially in science (Biology).It brings modernization and social

transformation in education technology for achieving its goals.

Different kinds of Strategies are involved to face the challenges to increase scientific knowledge

to more people in short time. Increase the performance in education by technology. Biology is a

very important branch of science which students can learn about living, non- living things, about

medicines, disease etc. (Maul 1953) (Fitzpatrick (1960)

It is the responsibility of teacher to select the learning tools by proper planning, select the

material, method and how to get the desirable results. Learning Biology through aids is very

interesting and effective for teachers.

Malik & Agarwal (2012) refers that the of combination computer is hard & software, text,

audio& video, different pictures & graphics.By use of all these respurces students and teachers

can develop an effective presentation.

Multimedia is the characteristics of texts, animation, audio, video, sounds etc, by organizaing

them we can develop an interesting and educated information / program.Multimedia can present

information through different channels. The use of Multimedia is very effective for biology

class and it can be easily presentable. Buttressing ,Neo(2007)

According to (Altherr, Wanger,Ecker& Jold) (2004) and Sousa,Richter & Nel (2017), By

the use of multimedia It can allow interaction between student and teachers in biology

class.Learnig through multimedia is more interactive and meaningful. It can develop interest,

motivation and easily understandable for students.

Now, cominge to the point that what is towards the attitude of the students while learning

through multimedia? Is it the response positive or negative? It is Is it easily available or

not? What is the progress after of learning through multimedia in the biology class, how

much improvement it will be brought? These are the questions raised in the minds of

different experts.
First of all it is impossible for schools to make sure the availability of Multimedia in every class.

Audio-Visual are expensive. Most of the school budgets, financial resource are not enough to

provide the availability of this technology. (Kinder, 1959)

The behavior of the students is very important for achievement in any subjects. It is difficult for

them to learn in a bound environment. Showing positive and negative attitude towards any action

is natural. It is difficult to evaluate any action of students and teachers for any situation.

Especially in the field of education introducing new technologies and their implementation

towards any subjects the achievements and results will be very important for both students and

teachers. This will show positive and negative impact on students’ academic achievement (Shah

and Khan, 2015)

According to (Shah,Iqbal & Rauf,201; Qaisrain &Uqaih,2011) said that the development of

positive attitude of students learning through new technology impact on their academic

achievement.

There is a little difference between existence attitude of male and female attitude towards

learning biology through multimedia. Some experts views that the behaviors will not affected by

genders but other disagree with this statement.(Usak,Prokop,Tuncer&

Chuda,2009).(Prasad,2005)
The use of multimedia, audio/video divert students mind into fantasy and they cannot fully

constrained on their learning, Because of very high rate of attraction on use of AV aids.

(Critiques),(Mangal S,2008).

According to some psychologist and educationist research studies said that Inappropriate use of

multimedia (Audio-Visual ) can creates and develops aggression in the behavior of students. It

can become habitual for students to learn through multimedia and after this is is difficult for

them to learn through traditional method. (Kinder, 1959)

Technology has its different name such as Multimedia, Information Technology (IT), Audio-

Visual Material, Instructional Media, Many researcher writes positive effect of using these

technologies by improving learning, good supplement teaching that can result

positive.(Brown,1985,)(Heinrich,et.al,1989)(Dale,1969)(Seattle L.1990)

According to Mohan et al. (2010) that comparison shows that 85% of the students are more

attentative and enjoying their lecture in a traditional way rather than by use of Multimedia.

According to Adeyanju (1997) said that teaching through instructional (Multimedia) technology

is more motivates.

According to Bozima (2002), lijioma,Nzewuihe(2011) define use of Multimedia for teaching

aids will be beneficial:

  Learning through multimedia teacher should be well trained and he/she must deliver their

lecture in appropriate way.

 Confirm availability of that technology in the classroom.

 The variety (Quality, Picture, sound) must be presentable.

 In less time students can learn multi-thing.

According to lla Mariss (1980) conducted a studies comparison of student’s attitude as a result

while using traditional and multimedia method for their academic achievement. The result were

highly satisfied for that group which used multimedia.

Another survey conducted by Sterling and Gray (1991) that studies show that the students

using traditional methods are more depending on the teacher rather than students who used

multimedia.

According to Beichner (1994) & Ameen (1995) multimedia have a positive impact on science

students toward their knowledge and their attitude.

According to Callaway (1997) the study finds out that impact of using multimedia on the

structure of student educational methods.

Allen (1998) by comparisons of two groups research studies show that using multimedia

improves students’ academic achievements and also on their curriculum activities

Different types of research studies which are conducted at different levels and school all over

the world shows that the impact of using multimedia technology is more effectively enhance the

skills ,practical learning and achievements of students’ academic performance as comparison to

old and traditional methods. The main and important thing is that teacher must be fully

knowledge about that computerized knowledge which he/she delivers their lecture their students.

According to Hong et al. (2001) impact of using computer software (multimedia) on students’

performance is to solve out their academic problem in easy way.

By the use of multimedia tool is very important in biology subject.it can easily describre for

students for their practically learning.

According to Salem (2000) & Abu Yunis (2005) it is said that the effective use of computer in

educational can increase the skill and performance of both students and teachers. The studies

shows that It can develop their statistical skills.

According to Obaid(2001) a study conducted by a program using computer software

(multimedia) it is necessary for the teacher to identify to check the effectiveness of that program

for their educational purpose.

By conducting research Abu Nadar (2003) studies that the effective use of multimedia on the

development for students skills, abilities and enable them to know how the use of technology in

education, for their improvement at their academic achievements.

According to Ibrahim(2003) the use of multimedia in different subjects can improve the skills

and information of students.