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INTEGRANTES:
CURSO:
Geoestadística
DOCENTES:
Ph.D Marín Suarez Valeriano Alfredo
Ing. Teves Rojas Augusto
INDICE
1. RESUMEN ................................................................................................................ 3
2. OBJETIVOS.............................................................................................................. 3
3. INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................... 4
4. METODOLOGÍA ..................................................................................................... 7
5. CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................. 19
6. RECOMENDACIONES ......................................................................................... 20
7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ..................................................................................................... 20
3
1. RESUMEN
El trabajo presenta un análisis de sensibilidad de las curvas de tonelaje – cut off, Ley
media de Cu – cut off, Contenido metálico – cut off y Recuperación metalúrgica – cut
off, en la que se aprecia.
En la curva Ley media – cut off, el tamaño de bloque no afecta el valor de la ley media
de Cu hasta un valor de 0.72%, posterior a dicha ley los bloques de menor tamaño
presentarán mayores valores de Ley media.
En la curva Contenido metálico – cut off, se concluye que, a mayor tamaño de bloque,
mayor contenido metálico, y solo hasta una ley de 1.60%, pues a mayor ley no existe
variación por el tamaño de bloques.
2. OBJETIVOS
3. INTRODUCCIÓN
Este elemento debe cumplir con ciertas características básicas de entrada, como estar
inmerso dentro de un mineral comercializable, estar espacialmente agrupado
generando concentraciones anómalas que sobrepasen el promedio del mismo en la
corteza terrestre, encontrarse en volúmenes potencialmente atractivos y tener
factibilidad en su extracción tanto técnica como económica.
Cuando se identifica una zona de interés geológico, dada las características anteriores,
es que se está en presencia de un depósito mineral.
DISTRIBUCIONES
Distribución normal
5
Dos tipos de distribuciones estadísticas son las que más se ajustan a los datos
geológicos y específicamente al comportamiento de las variables en una
concentración mineral: la distribución normal y el log normal. En la distribución
normal (o Gaussiana), la variable presenta una forma de campana (“campana de
Gauss”) cuya forma teórica es definida por la ecuación:
1 1 𝑥−𝑢𝑥 2
− ( )
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2 𝜎𝑥
√2𝜋𝜎𝑥
1 1 𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝛼 2
− ( )
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2 𝛽
√2𝜋𝛽𝑥
Donde:
∑ 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; 𝛼= (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜), 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 ∶ 𝛽 2 = 𝜎𝑦2 ; 𝛼 = 𝑢𝑦
𝑛
Diferencias
Ley de corte
Un análisis de la Ley de Corte puede darnos respuestas sobre el valor del material
que está siendo minado, si se debe procesar inmediatamente o almacenar. Por lo que
la estimación de la Ley de Corte es uno de los cálculos más importantes en la industria
minera, ya que son esenciales para determinar la factibilidad económica y la vida de
la mina
La ley de corte Es la ley mínima explotable que debe tener un block mineralizado
para ser considerado como reserva de mineral.
La ley de corte es la ley de utilización más baja que proporciona a la operación minera
una utilidad mínima es la ley de mineral donde la operación no reporta ni utilidades
ni pérdidas.
7
Ley media
Ley marginal
4. METODOLOGÍA
4.1. CODIFICACIÓN
Sub simularcoord()
n = Cells(1, 2)
x = Cells(4, 2)
y = Cells(5, 2)
Z = Cells(6, 2)
8
ox = Cells(4, 4)
oy = Cells(5, 4)
oz = Cells(6, 4)
For i = 1 To n
Next
End Sub
Sub simular ()
n = Cells(1, 2)
x = Cells(2, 2)
y = Cells(3, 2)
For i = 1 To n
s=0
For j = 1 To 50
s = Rnd + s
Next
Next
End Sub
Sub bloqueo10x10()
nd = Cells(1, 2)
n = Cells(1, 7)
mx = 800 \ n
my = 500 \ n
a = -n
For i = 1 To mx
a=a+n
b = -n
For j = 1 To my
h=h+1
b=b+n
c=0
s=0
For k = 1 To nd
x = Cells(k + 4, 1)
y = Cells(k + 4, 2)
If a < x Then
If x < a + n Then
If b < y Then
If y < b + n Then
c=c+1
10
s = s + Cells(k + 4, 3)
End If
End If
End If
End If
Next
If c = 0 Then
h=h-1
Else
Cells(h + 4, 5) = n
Cells(h + 4, 6) = n
Cells(h + 4, 7) = n
Cells(h + 4, 8) = n * n * n
Cells(h + 4, 9) = 2.7
Cells(h + 4, 11) = s / c
End If
Next
Next
End Sub
Sub cutoff()
p = Cells(1, 14)
a = -0.05
For i = 1 To 50
11
s=0
c=0
a = a + 0.05
For j = 1 To 10000
x = Cells(j + 4, 11)
s = s + Cells(j + 4, 10)
End If
Next
If 0 < s Then
l=c/s
Else
l=0
End If
Cells(i + 4, 14) = s
Cells(i + 4, 15) = l
r = s / Cells(5, 14)
Next
End Sub
12
4.2. RESULTADOS
nº 10000
media 0.9
varianza 0.15
Longitud X 400 Origen X 500
Longitud Y 800 Origen Y 100
Longitud Z 300 Origen Z 800
13
BLOQUEO DE 5 m x 5 m x 5 m
US$/ton Cu 5832.25
Tamaño bloque 5x5x5
Cut−off Ley media Contenido %
Ton US$
%Cu %Cu metálico Recup
0.05 2,513,700 0.71 17,806 103,848,874 100.00
0.10 2,495,475 0.71 17,791 103,761,050 99.27
0.15 2,435,063 0.73 17,714 103,311,175 96.87
0.20 2,329,763 0.75 17,528 102,227,989 92.68
0.25 2,188,688 0.79 17,209 100,368,894 87.07
0.30 2,037,488 0.82 16,792 97,937,275 81.06
0.35 1,871,100 0.87 16,252 94,783,668 74.44
0.40 1,713,488 0.91 15,659 91,329,478 68.17
0.45 1,568,025 0.96 15,041 87,722,341 62.38
0.50 1,420,875 1.01 14,343 83,649,711 56.53
0.55 1,282,500 1.06 13,616 79,411,033 51.02
0.60 1,150,538 1.12 12,858 74,989,705 45.77
0.65 1,021,275 1.18 12,051 70,283,250 40.63
0.70 923,738 1.23 11,393 66,446,353 36.75
0.75 826,875 1.29 10,692 62,357,941 32.89
0.80 734,400 1.36 9,976 58,180,798 29.22
0.85 658,800 1.42 9,352 54,545,792 26.21
0.90 595,013 1.48 8,796 51,297,858 23.67
0.95 532,238 1.54 8,215 47,911,888 21.17
1.00 479,925 1.61 7,705 44,939,784 19.09
1.05 432,338 1.67 7,219 42,102,022 17.20
1.10 391,500 1.73 6,780 39,542,815 15.57
1.15 358,088 1.79 6,404 37,348,461 14.25
1.20 328,388 1.84 6,055 35,313,320 13.06
1.25 301,050 1.90 5,720 33,363,262 11.98
1.30 267,300 1.98 5,291 30,857,176 10.63
1.35 247,388 2.03 5,027 29,317,027 9.84
1.40 222,075 2.11 4,678 27,285,124 8.83
1.45 207,225 2.16 4,467 26,051,124 8.24
1.50 194,400 2.20 4,278 24,949,556 7.73
1.55 182,250 2.25 4,092 23,867,573 7.25
1.60 168,750 2.30 3,880 22,629,025 6.71
1.65 157,950 2.35 3,705 21,606,503 6.28
1.70 146,475 2.40 3,513 20,487,789 5.83
1.75 136,013 2.45 3,332 19,433,819 5.41
1.80 123,863 2.52 3,117 18,176,385 4.93
1.85 114,750 2.57 2,950 17,207,887 4.56
1.90 106,313 2.63 2,793 16,287,357 4.23
1.95 98,213 2.68 2,637 15,379,241 3.91
2.00 89,438 2.75 2,464 14,368,221 3.56
14
BLOQUEO DE 10 m x 10 m x 10 m
US$/ton Cu 5832.25
Tamaño de bloque 10
Cut−off Ley media Contenido
Ton US$ % R.M.
%Cu %Cu metálico
0.05 9,900,900 0.71 70,211 409,488,857 100.00
0.10 9,879,300 0.71 70,195 409,394,403 99.78
0.15 9,776,700 0.72 70,063 408,624,148 98.75
0.20 9,617,400 0.73 69,779 406,967,713 97.14
0.25 9,306,900 0.74 69,073 402,851,484 94.00
0.30 8,920,800 0.76 68,006 396,629,653 90.10
0.35 8,418,600 0.79 66,361 387,034,611 85.03
0.40 7,811,100 0.82 64,077 373,714,094 78.89
0.45 7,198,200 0.85 61,469 358,504,767 72.70
0.50 6,436,800 0.90 57,855 337,422,048 65.01
0.55 5,745,600 0.94 54,227 316,262,582 58.03
0.60 5,076,000 0.99 50,378 293,817,756 51.27
0.65 4,490,100 1.04 46,715 272,453,017 45.35
0.70 3,985,200 1.09 43,305 252,562,747 40.25
0.75 3,507,300 1.14 39,846 232,390,558 35.42
0.80 3,045,600 1.19 36,274 211,558,775 30.76
0.85 2,629,800 1.25 32,849 191,586,179 26.56
0.90 2,286,900 1.31 29,850 174,094,105 23.10
0.95 1,976,400 1.37 26,980 157,352,571 19.96
1.00 1,674,000 1.44 24,034 140,171,700 16.91
1.05 1,447,200 1.50 21,714 126,641,905 14.62
1.10 1,242,000 1.57 19,510 113,787,228 12.54
1.15 1,074,600 1.64 17,626 102,797,740 10.85
1.20 958,500 1.70 16,266 94,865,768 9.68
1.25 834,300 1.77 14,745 85,995,979 8.43
1.30 729,000 1.84 13,400 78,149,879 7.36
1.35 669,600 1.88 12,613 73,564,133 6.76
1.40 599,400 1.94 11,645 67,914,867 6.05
1.45 545,400 1.99 10,873 63,411,908 5.51
1.50 469,800 2.08 9,762 56,934,115 4.75
1.55 415,800 2.15 8,939 52,132,488 4.20
1.60 388,800 2.19 8,514 49,654,652 3.93
1.65 367,200 2.22 8,164 47,611,749 3.71
1.70 332,100 2.28 7,576 44,186,075 3.35
1.75 313,200 2.31 7,249 42,275,873 3.16
1.80 278,100 2.38 6,627 38,649,298 2.81
1.85 248,400 2.45 6,084 35,484,440 2.51
1.90 232,200 2.49 5,781 33,715,193 2.35
1.95 205,200 2.56 5,262 30,687,397 2.07
2.00 189,000 2.61 4,941 28,818,250 1.91
15
BLOQUEO DE 15 m x 15 m x 15 m
US$/ton Cu 5832.25
Tamaño de bloque 15
Ley
Cut−off Contenido
Ton media US$ % R.M.
%Cu metálico
%Cu
0.05 15,883,088 0.71 112,213 654,453,041 100.00
0.10 15,883,088 0.71 112,213 654,453,041 100.00
0.15 15,883,088 0.71 112,213 654,453,041 100.00
0.20 15,846,638 0.71 112,149 654,083,614 99.77
0.25 15,746,400 0.71 111,921 652,750,399 99.14
0.30 15,518,588 0.72 111,287 649,051,802 97.71
0.35 15,090,300 0.73 109,885 640,874,576 95.01
0.40 14,443,313 0.74 107,441 626,620,978 90.94
0.45 13,477,388 0.77 103,299 602,465,679 84.85
0.50 12,301,875 0.79 97,707 569,849,555 77.45
0.55 11,099,025 0.82 91,367 532,875,640 69.88
0.60 9,641,025 0.86 82,972 483,911,121 60.70
0.65 8,192,138 0.90 73,926 431,154,699 51.58
0.70 6,870,825 0.95 65,009 379,147,643 43.26
0.75 5,713,538 0.99 56,623 330,237,064 35.97
0.80 4,647,375 1.04 48,394 282,247,580 29.26
0.85 3,754,350 1.09 41,029 239,290,751 23.64
0.90 3,080,025 1.14 35,129 204,879,728 19.39
0.95 2,478,600 1.19 29,565 172,432,023 15.61
1.00 1,959,188 1.25 24,496 142,864,796 12.34
1.05 1,576,463 1.30 20,568 119,957,462 9.93
1.10 1,211,963 1.37 16,646 97,082,836 7.63
1.15 1,011,488 1.42 14,389 83,920,581 6.37
1.20 865,688 1.46 12,682 73,966,371 5.45
1.25 738,113 1.51 11,115 64,825,520 4.65
1.30 674,325 1.53 10,307 60,111,874 4.25
1.35 510,300 1.60 8,140 47,474,553 3.21
1.40 391,838 1.66 6,508 37,957,565 2.47
1.45 337,163 1.70 5,730 33,420,389 2.12
1.50 218,700 1.82 3,979 23,207,311 1.38
1.55 182,250 1.88 3,427 19,984,844 1.15
1.60 145,800 1.96 2,853 16,636,918 0.92
1.65 91,125 2.15 1,962 11,440,678 0.57
1.70 72,900 2.28 1,659 9,674,492 0.46
1.75 54,675 2.45 1,342 7,825,162 0.34
1.80 54,675 2.45 1,342 7,825,162 0.34
1.85 45,563 2.58 1,176 6,857,938 0.29
1.90 36,450 2.75 1,004 5,852,769 0.23
1.95 27,338 3.03 829 4,832,727 0.17
2.00 27,338 3.03 829 4,832,727 0.17
16
BLOQUEO DE 20 m x 20 m x 20 m
US$/ton Cu 5832.25
Tamaño de bloque 20
Cut−off Ley media Contenido
Ton US$ % R.M.
%Cu %Cu metálico
0.05 21,600,000 0.71 153,150 893,207,914 100.00
0.10 21,600,000 0.71 153,150 893,207,914 100.00
0.15 21,600,000 0.71 153,150 893,207,914 100.00
0.20 21,600,000 0.71 153,150 893,207,914 100.00
0.25 21,600,000 0.71 153,150 893,207,914 100.00
0.30 21,513,600 0.71 152,912 891,819,923 99.60
0.35 21,384,000 0.71 152,473 889,259,507 99.00
0.40 20,995,200 0.72 151,008 880,717,319 97.20
0.45 20,066,400 0.73 147,019 857,452,245 92.90
0.50 18,381,600 0.76 139,007 810,724,458 85.10
0.55 16,675,200 0.78 130,107 758,817,115 77.20
0.60 14,688,000 0.81 118,647 691,979,560 68.00
0.65 12,139,200 0.85 102,656 598,717,460 56.20
0.70 9,720,000 0.89 86,356 503,648,416 45.00
0.75 7,862,400 0.93 72,900 425,169,608 36.40
0.80 6,048,000 0.97 58,805 342,967,008 28.00
0.85 4,557,600 1.02 46,519 271,313,114 21.10
0.90 3,412,800 1.07 36,537 213,091,922 15.80
0.95 2,376,000 1.13 26,952 157,192,847 11.00
1.00 1,836,000 1.18 21,674 126,405,635 8.50
1.05 1,360,800 1.23 16,805 98,011,569 6.30
1.10 1,080,000 1.28 13,786 80,402,597 5.00
1.15 885,600 1.31 11,610 67,710,010 4.10
1.20 734,400 1.34 9,833 57,347,490 3.40
1.25 518,400 1.39 7,189 41,930,177 2.40
1.30 302,400 1.46 4,430 25,837,348 1.40
1.35 216,000 1.52 3,288 19,178,927 1.00
1.40 216,000 1.52 3,288 19,178,927 1.00
1.45 151,200 1.57 2,377 13,861,046 0.70
1.50 129,600 1.59 2,063 12,032,375 0.60
1.55 43,200 1.75 758 4,418,559 0.20
1.60 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.65 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.70 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.75 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.80 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.85 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.90 21,600 1.92 415 2,419,972 0.10
1.95 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
2.00 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
17
BLOQUEO DE 30 m x 30 m x 30 m
US$/ton Cu 5832.25
Tamaño de bloque 30
Cut−off Ley media
Ton Contenido US$ % R.M.
%Cu %Cu
metálico
0.05 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.10 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.15 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.20 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.25 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.30 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.35 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.40 33,461,100 0.71 236,248 1,377,857,979 100.00
0.45 33,169,500 0.71 234,961 1,370,352,187 99.13
0.50 32,367,600 0.71 231,135 1,348,034,305 96.73
0.55 29,743,200 0.73 217,289 1,267,283,576 88.89
0.60 26,754,300 0.75 200,119 1,167,143,870 79.96
0.65 21,942,900 0.77 169,805 990,347,587 65.58
0.70 15,600,600 0.81 127,094 741,244,152 46.62
0.75 10,716,300 0.86 91,761 535,172,908 32.03
0.80 6,852,600 0.90 61,999 361,591,482 20.48
0.85 4,665,600 0.94 44,065 256,999,234 13.94
0.90 2,988,900 0.98 29,394 171,432,817 8.93
0.95 1,676,700 1.03 17,269 100,718,163 5.01
1.00 1,166,400 1.06 12,337 71,953,550 3.49
1.05 510,300 1.10 5,637 32,876,266 1.53
1.10 218,700 1.15 2,518 14,682,914 0.65
1.15 145,800 1.16 1,689 9,853,149 0.44
1.20 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.25 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.30 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.35 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.40 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.45 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.50 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.55 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.60 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.65 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.70 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.75 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
1.80 0 0.00 0 0 0.00
18
GRÁFICOS
TONELAJE VS CUT-OFF
30x30 20X20 15X15 10X10 5X5
40000000
35000000
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2
19
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95
RM VS CUT-OFF
30x30 20X20 15X15 10X10 5X5
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95
5. CONCLUSIONES
6. RECOMENDACIONES
7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA