U.S. Department of Transportation Publication No.

FHWA NHI-05-039
Federal Highway Administration December 2005

NHI Course No. 132078_______________________________

Micropile Design and Construction
Reference Manual
NEW BRIDGE STRUCTURE
EXISTING
FOOTING & PILES

NEW MICROPILES
EXISTING BRIDGE
BRIDGE ABUTMENT PIER W/PILE
SUPPORTED
A FOOTING

NEW FOOTING
EXTENSION
SECTION A – A

EXISTING DRIVEN
NEW MICROPILE PIPE PILES (TYP)
FOUNDATION SUPPORT
(TYP) NEW MICROPILES

FOUNDATION SUPPORT SEISMIC RETROFIT OF BRIDGES

SURCHARGE
ORIGINAL CONCRETE CAP
GRADE

CONCRETE CAP
ROAD SURFACE CASE 2 RETICULATED
FINISHED GRADE MICROPILE WALL
WALL FACING

SLIDE PLANE

FINAL GRADE
CASE 1
NON RETICULATED
MICROPILE STRUCTURE

SLOPE STABILIZATION EARTH RETENTION

National Highway Institute

 NOTICE

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for
the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not
necessarily reflect policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not
constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government
does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturer's names
appear herein only because they are considered essential to the objective of this
document.
 Technical Report Documentation Page
1. REPORT NO. 2. GOVERNMENT 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO.
FHWA-NHI-05-039 ACCESSION NO.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE

Micropile Design and Construction December 2005
(Reference Manual for NHI Course 132078) 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Paul J. Sabatinia P.E., Ph.D.; Burak Tanyua
a
Ph.D.; Tom Armourb P.E.; Paul Groneckb b
GeoSyntec Consultants, Chicago, IL
DBM Contractors Inc. Federal Way, WA
P.E.; and James Keeleyb P.E.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO.
Ryan R. Berg & Associates, Inc. 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.
2190 Leyland Alcove
Woodbury, MN 55125 DTFH61-03-T-63043
IN COOPERATION AND ASSOCIATION WITH:
ADSC – The International Association of
Foundation Drilling
14180 Dallas Parkway, Suite 510
Dallas, TX 75254
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
National Highway Institute
Federal Highway Administration 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
U.S. Department of Transportation
Washington, D.C.
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
FHWA COTR – Larry Jones
FHWA Technical Consultants: Jerry A. DiMaggio, P.E. and Barry Siel, P.E.
This manual is an updated and revised version of FHWA SA-97-070 prepared by DBM Contractors
Inc. and authored by T. Armour, P. Groneck, J. Keeley and S. Sharma; June 2000.

16. ABSTRACT The use of micropiles has grown significantly since their conception in the
1950s, and in particular since the mid-1980s. Micropiles have been used mainly as foundation
support elements to resist static and seismic loads, and to a lesser extent, as in-situ
reinforcements to provide stabilization of slopes and excavations. Many of these applications
are for transportation structures. This manual is intended to be a “practitioner-oriented”
document containing sufficient information on the geotechnical and structural design of
micropiles for foundation support and for slope stabilization. Information is also provided on
inspection and load testing procedures, cost data, and contracting methods to facilitate the safe
and cost-effective use of micropiles on transportation projects. Two detailed design examples
and a generic commentary guideline specification for micropiles is included in the manual.
17. KEY WORDS Micropiles, structural 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

foundation, load testing, slope stabilization No restrictions.

19. SECURITY CLASSIF. 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. 21. NO. OF PAGES 22. PRICE
Unclassified Unclassified 436
 SI CONVERSION FACTORS
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS
When You
Symbol Multiply By To Find Symbol
Know
LENGTH
mm millimeters 0.039 inches in
m meters 3.28 feet ft
m meters 1.09 yards yd
km kilometers 0.621 miles mi
AREA
mm2 square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in2
m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2
m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2
ha hectares 2.47 acres ac
km2 square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2
VOLUME
ml millimeters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz
l liters 0.264 gallons gal
m3 cubic meters 35.71 cubic feet ft3
m3 cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd3
MASS
g grams 0.035 ounces oz
kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb
tonnes tonnes 1.103 tons tons
TEMPERATURE
EC Celsius 1.8 C + 32 Fahrenheit EF
WEIGHT DENSITY
kilonewton / cubic
kN/m3 6.36 poundforce / cubic foot pcf
meter
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf
kN kilonewtons 225 poundforce lbf
kPa kilopascals 0.145 poundforce / square inch psi
kPa kilopascals 20.9 poundforce / square foot psf
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF MANUAL........................................................................ 1 – 1
1.2 MICROPILE DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION ....................................................... 1 – 4
1.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................... 1 – 5
1.4 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 1 – 8

CHAPTER 2 MICROPILE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

2.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 2 – 1
2.2 DESIGN APPLICATION CLASSIFICATION ............................................................. 2 – 1
2.3 CONSTRUCTION TYPE CLASSIFICATION.............................................................. 2 – 6
2.4 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 2 – 8

CHAPTER 3 MICROPILE APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS

3.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 3 – 1
3.2 FEASIBILITY OF MICROPILES.................................................................................. 3 – 1
3.2.1 Overview............................................................................................................ 3 – 1
3.2.2 Physical Considerations ..................................................................................... 3 – 3
3.2.3 Subsurface Conditions ....................................................................................... 3 – 4
3.2.4 Environmental Conditions ................................................................................. 3 – 4
3.2.5 Existing Structure Adaptation............................................................................ 3 – 6
3.2.6 Micropile Limitations ........................................................................................ 3 – 6
3.2.7 Economics of Micropiles ................................................................................... 3 – 6
3.3 STRUCTURAL SUPPORT ............................................................................................ 3 – 7
3.3.1 Overview............................................................................................................ 3 – 7
3.3.2 New Foundations ............................................................................................... 3 – 7
3.3.3 Underpinning of Existing Foundations.............................................................. 3 – 9
3.3.4 Seismic Retrofit ............................................................................................... 3 – 12
3.4 IN-SITU REINFORCEMENT ...................................................................................... 3 – 14
3.5 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 3 – 20

CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS

4.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 4 – 1
4.2 DRILLING ...................................................................................................................... 4 – 1
4.2.1 Overview............................................................................................................ 4 – 1
4.2.2 Drill Rigs............................................................................................................ 4 – 3
4.2.3 Drilling Techniques ........................................................................................... 4 – 6
4.2.4 Overburden Drilling Techniques ....................................................................... 4 – 9
4.2.5 Open-Hole Drilling Techniques....................................................................... 4 – 13
4.3 GROUTING .................................................................................................................. 4 – 14
4.3.1 General............................................................................................................. 4 – 14
4.3.2 Grout Equipment ............................................................................................. 4 – 16
4.3.3 Grout Mixing ................................................................................................... 4 – 19
4.3.4 Grout Placement Techniques ........................................................................... 4 – 19

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 4.3.4.1 Gravity Fill Techniques (Type A Micropiles)................................. 4 – 19
4.3.4.2 Pressure Grouting Through the Casing (Type B Micropiles) ......... 4 – 20
4.3.4.3 Postgrouting (Type C and D Micropiles) ........................................ 4 – 21
4.3.5 Top-Off (Secondary) Grouting ........................................................................ 4 – 26
4.4 REINFORCING STEEL ............................................................................................... 4 – 26
4.4.1 General............................................................................................................. 4 – 26
4.4.2 Placement of Reinforcement............................................................................ 4 – 26
4.4.3 Reinforcement Types ....................................................................................... 4 – 26
4.5 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 4 – 35

CHAPTER 5 DESIGN OF MICROPILES FOR STRUCTURE FOUNDATIONS

5.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 5 – 1
5.2 STEP 1: EVALUATE FEASIBILITY OF MICROPILES ............................................ 5 – 3
5.3 STEP 2: REVIEW AVAILABLE INFORMATION & GEOTECHNICAL DATA ..... 5 – 5
5.4 STEP 3: DEVELOP APPLICABLE LOADING COMBINATIONS ........................... 5 – 7
5.5 STEP 4: PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF MICROPILES................................................ 5 – 8
5.5.1 Selection of Micropile Spacing.......................................................................... 5 – 8
5.5.2 Selection of Micropile Length ........................................................................... 5 – 8
5.5.3 Selection of Micropile Cross Section ................................................................ 5 – 9
5.5.4 Selection of Micropile Type ............................................................................ 5 – 10
5.6 STEP 5: STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MICROPILE CASED LENGTH .................. 5 – 10
5.7 STEP 6: STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MICROPILE UNCASED LENGTH ............ 5 – 17
5.8 STEP 7: REVISE MICROPILE DESIGN ................................................................... 5 – 18
5.9 STEP 8: EVALUATE GEOTECHNICAL CAPACITY OF MICROPILE................. 5 – 18
5.9.1 Establish Stratum for Bond Zone..................................................................... 5 – 18
5.9.2 Select Ultimate Bond Stress and Calculate Bond Length................................ 5 – 19
5.9.3 Evaluate Micropile Group Compression Capacity .......................................... 5 – 22
5.9.4 Evaluate Micropile Group Uplift Capacity...................................................... 5 – 27
5.10 STEP 9. ESTIMATE MICROPILE GROUP SETTLEMENT .................................. 5 – 29
5.10.1 General........................................................................................................... 5 – 29
5.10.2 Micropile Group Settlement .......................................................................... 5 – 29
5.10.3 Micropile Elastic Movement.......................................................................... 5 – 36
5.11 STEP 10. DESIGN MICROPILE CONNECTION AT PILE CAP........................... 5 – 38
5.12 STEP 11. DEVELOP LOAD TESTING PROGRAM ............................................... 5 – 44
5.13 STEP 12. PREPARE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ................................. 5 – 45
5.14 CORROSION PROTECTION .................................................................................... 5 – 45
5.14.1 Background .................................................................................................... 5 – 45
5.14.2 Evaluation of Soil Corrosion Potential .......................................................... 5 – 46
5.14.3 Corrosion Protection Systems........................................................................ 5 – 46
5.14.3.1 Methods for Corrosion Protection of Reinforcing Steel ............... 5 – 46
5.14.3.2 Methods for Corrosion Protection of Steel Casing ....................... 5 – 48
5.14.3.3 Corrosion Protection Requirements for Micropiles ...................... 5 – 50
5.15 PLUNGE LENGTH..................................................................................................... 5 – 51
5.16 END BEARING MICROPILE .................................................................................... 5 – 52
5.17 DOWNDRAG.............................................................................................................. 5 – 53
5.18 DESIGN OF MICROPILES FOR LATERAL LOADING ........................................ 5 – 54
5.18.1 General........................................................................................................... 5 – 54

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 5.18.2 Analysis Steps for Single Laterally Loaded Micropile.................................. 5 – 54
5.18.3 Evaluation of Micropile Lateral Load Capacity at Threaded Casing Joints.. 5 – 60
5.19 LATERAL RESISTANCE OF MICROPILE GROUPS ............................................ 5 – 61
5.19.1 General........................................................................................................... 5 – 61
5.19.2 Step By Step Design Procedure for Laterally Loaded Pile Groups ............... 5 – 62
5.19.3 Soil-Structure Interaction Analyses for Micropile Groups............................ 5 – 66
5.19.4 Battered Micropiles........................................................................................ 5 – 66
5.20 BUCKLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR MICROPILES ........................................... 5 – 67
5.21.1 General........................................................................................................... 5 – 67
5.21.2 Micropile Surrounded by Very Weak or Liquefiable Soil............................. 5 – 67
5.20.3 Micropiles Installed Through Voids .............................................................. 5 – 72
5.21 SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS.................................................................................. 5 – 73
5.21.1 General........................................................................................................... 5 – 73
5.21.2 Use of Battered Micropiles in Highly Seismic Regions ................................ 5 – 75
5.21.3 Load Sharing with Existing Foundations....................................................... 5 – 76
5.21.4 Pile Uplift Capacity........................................................................................ 5 – 77
5.21.5 Liquefaction ................................................................................................... 5 – 77
5.22 REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 5 – 79

CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OF MICROPILES FOR SOIL SLOPE STABILIZATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 6 – 1
6.2 STEP 1: IDENTIFY PROJECT SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS AND EVALUATE
MICROPILE FEASIBILITY....................................................................................... 6 – 3
6.3 STEP 2: IDENTIFY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS......................................... 6 – 6
6.4 STEP 3: REVIEW AVAILABLE INFORMATION & GEOTECHNICAL DATA ..... 6 – 7
6.5 STEP 4: EVALUATE FACTOR OF SAFETY OF EXISTING SLOPE ...................... 6 – 9
6.6 DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR MICROPILES USED FOR SLOPE STABILIZATION 6 – 11
6.6.1 Overview.......................................................................................................... 6 – 11
6.6.2 Evaluating the Additional Force Required to Obtain Target Factor of Safety 6 – 12
6.6.2.1 Micropile Location Within Slope Cross Section .............................. 6 – 12
6.6.2.2 Methods to Model Resisting Force from a Micropile....................... 6 – 16
6.6.2.3 Evaluating Slope Stability Away From Micropile............................ 6 – 19
6.6.3 Load Transfer in Micropiles ............................................................................ 6 – 21
6.6.4 Bending Momemt and Shear Capacity of Single Vertical Micropile ............. 6 – 25
6.6.4.1 Evaluation of Bending Moment Capacity of Single Vertical
Micropile ............................................................................................. 6 – 25
6.6.4.2 Evaluation of Shear Capacity of Single Vertical Micropile ............. 6 – 25
6.6.5 Shear Capacity of Battered Micropile Group .................................................. 6 – 30
6.6.6 Spacing Required to Provide Required Force to Stabilize the Slope.............. 6 – 33
6.6.7 Potential for Soil Flow Between Micropiles.................................................... 6 – 35
6.7 DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SLOPE STABILIZATION WITH MICROPILES......... 6 – 37
6.7.1 STEP 4: Evaluate Factor of Safety of Existing Slope..................................... 6 – 39
6.7.2 STEP 5: Evaluate Additional Force Required to Obtain Target Factor of
Safety ............................................................................................................. 6 – 41
6.7.3 STEP 6: Select Micropile Cross Section ........................................................ 6 – 43
6.7.4 STEP 7: Estimate Length of Micropile........................................................... 6 – 44
6.7.5 STEP 8: Evaluate Bending Capacity of Single Vertical Micropile .............. 6 – 45

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 6.7.6 STEP 9: Evaluate Shear Capacity of Single Vertical Micropile ................... 6 – 47
6.7.7 STEP 10: Evaluate Shear Capacity of Battered Micropile Group.................. 6 – 51
6.7.8 STEP 11: Calculate Spacing Required to Provide Force to Stabilize the
Slope................................................................................................................ 6 – 52
6.7.9 STEP 12: Check Potential Soil Flow between Micropiles ............................. 6 – 53
6.7.10 STEP 13: Perform Structural Design of Concrete Cap Beam ...................... 6 – 54
6.8 SHEAR CAPACITY OF MICROPILES FOR ANALYSIS ....................................... 6 – 58
6.9 CASE HISTORIES ....................................................................................................... 6 – 59
6.9.1 Stabilization of Blue Trail Landslide Using Micropiles, Wyoming ................ 6 – 59
6.9.2 Stabilization of Sum-271 Landslide Using Micropiles, Ohio ........................ 6 – 62
6.9.3 Stabilization of Littleville Landslide using Micropiles, Alabama ................... 6 – 66
6.10 REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 6 – 67

CHAPTER 7 PILE LOAD TESTING

7.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 7 – 1
7.2 OVERVIEW OF MICROPILE LOAD TESTING .......................................................... 7 – 1
7.3 LOAD TESTING EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................... 7 – 3
7.3.1 General............................................................................................................... 7 – 3
7.3.2 Load Testing Equipment.................................................................................... 7 – 3
7.4 MICROPILE LOAD TESTING PROCEDURES.......................................................... 7 – 11
7.4.1 Verification Tests............................................................................................. 7 – 11
7.4.1.1 General ............................................................................................ 7 – 11
7.4.1.2 Procedures for Verification Test ..................................................... 7 – 11
7.4.1.3 Recording of Verification Test Data ............................................... 7 – 12
7.4.2 Proof Testing.................................................................................................... 7 – 15
7.4.2.1 General ............................................................................................ 7 – 15
7.4.2.2 Proof Test Procedures and Recording and Analysis of Proof Test
Data ............................................................................................ 7 – 15
7.4.3 Micropile Acceptance Criteria......................................................................... 7 – 15
7.4.3.1 Acceptance of Verification Test...................................................... 7 – 15
7.4.3.2 Acceptance of Proof Test ................................................................ 7 – 18
7.4.3.3 Consequences of Failure ................................................................. 7 – 18
7.5 MICROPILE LOAD TEST REPORT ........................................................................... 7 – 19
7.6 EVALUATION OF PROJECT LOAD TESTING REQUIREMENTS ........................ 7 – 20
7.6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 7 – 20
7.6.2 Load Testing Program for Verification Tests .................................................. 7 – 20
7.6.3 Load Testing Program for Proof Tests............................................................. 7 – 21
7.6.4 Test Load Magnitude ....................................................................................... 7 – 22
7.6.5 Method of Load Application............................................................................ 7 – 23
7.7 OTHER LOAD TESTING TECHNIQUES................................................................... 7 – 23
7.7.1 General............................................................................................................. 7 – 23
7.7.2 Dynamic Load Testing..................................................................................... 7 – 24
7.7.3 Statnamic Load Testing ................................................................................... 7 – 26
7.8 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 7 – 28

CHAPTER 8 CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION/QUALITY CONTROL

8.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 8 – 1

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 8.2 INSPECTION ROLES UNDER CERTAIN CONTRACT APPROACHES ................. 8 – 1
8.3 PRE-PROJECT PREPARATION................................................................................... 8 – 2
8.4 INSPECTION OF MICROPILE MATERIALS ............................................................. 8 – 5
8.4.1 General............................................................................................................... 8 – 5
8.4.2 Storing and Handling of Cement ....................................................................... 8 – 5
8.4.3 Storing and Handling of Reinforcing Steel........................................................ 8 – 6
8.5 INSPECTION OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES..................................................... 8 – 8
8.5.1 Inspection of Drilling Activities ........................................................................ 8 – 8
8.5.2 Inspection of Reinforcement Installation Activities .......................................... 8 – 9
8.5.3 Inspection of Grouting Activities..................................................................... 8 – 10
8.6 REQUIRED PROJECT DOCUMENTATION............................................................. 8 – 12
8.6.1 Micropile Load Testing.................................................................................... 8 – 12
8.6.2 Production Micropiles...................................................................................... 8 – 13
8.6.3 Grouting Records for Production Micropiles .................................................. 8 – 13
8.7 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 8 – 18

CHAPTER 9 CONTRACTING METHODS

9.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 9 – 1
9.2 CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATION.............................................................................. 9 – 1
9.3 METHOD CONTRACTING APPROACH.................................................................... 9 – 2
9.3.1 Standard Design ................................................................................................. 9 – 4
9.3.2 Alternate Micropile Design................................................................................ 9 – 5
9.3.3 Cost Reduction Incentive Proposal (Value Engineering) .................................. 9 – 5
9.4 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................... 9 – 6
9.5 DESIGN/BUILD APPROACH....................................................................................... 9 – 7
9.5.1 General............................................................................................................... 9 – 7
9.3.2 Postbid Design ................................................................................................... 9 – 7
9.5.3 Prebid Design..................................................................................................... 9 – 8
9.6 CONTRACT PLANS...................................................................................................... 9 – 9

CHAPTER 10 COST ESTIMATING

10.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 10 – 1
10.2 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MICROPILE COSTS ............................................ 10 – 1
10.2.1 Overview........................................................................................................ 10 – 1
10.2.2 Micropile Material Costs ............................................................................... 10 – 1
10.2.3 Equipment Cost.............................................................................................. 10 – 3
10.2.4 Labor Cost...................................................................................................... 10 – 4
10.2.5 Load Testing Costs ........................................................................................ 10 – 4
10.3 MICROPILE COST ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 10 – 5
10.3.1 Overview........................................................................................................ 10 – 5
10.3.2 Effects of Project-Specific Constraints on Cost............................................. 10 – 6
10.3.3 Micropile Cost Estimate Examples................................................................ 10 – 6
10.3.3.1 Sample Problem No. 1 (Bridge Abutment Support).......................... 10 – 6
10.3.3.2 Sample Problem No. 2 (Seismic Retrofit) ......................................... 10 – 8
10.4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT FOR MICROPILES ....................................... 10 – 8

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

APPENDIX A – DESIGN CONCEPT OF CASE 2 MICROPILE NETWORKS FOR

SLOPE STABILIZATION

APPENDIX B – LPILE ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR SLOPE STABILIZATION

PROBLEM

APPENDIX C – MICROPILE GUIDE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION

APPENDIX D – SAMPLE PROBLEM NO.1,

BRIDGE FOUNDATION ABUTMENT SUPPORT

APPENDIX E – SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2, LATERALLY LOADED MICROPILE

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1. Details of Micropile Classification Based on Type of Grouting ........................ 2 – 9

Table 3-1. Relationship Between Micropile Application, Design Behavior,

and Construction Type ............................................................................... 3 – 3

Table 4-1. Overburden Drilling Methods ......................................................................... 4 – 10

Table 4-2. Dimensions, Yield, and Ultimate Strengths for Standard Reinforcing Bars ... 4 – 27
Table 4-3. Dimensions and Yield Strength for DSI Threadbar ........................................ 4 – 29
Table 4-4. Dimensions and Yield Strength of Common Hollow Injection Bars ............... 4 – 31
Table 4-5. Dimensions and Yield Strength of Common Micropile Pipe Types & Sizes.... 4 – 33

Table 5-1. Design Steps for Micropiles Used for Structural Foundations ........................... 5 – 2
Table 5-2. Guidelines for Minimum Number of Investigation Points and Depth of
Investigation. ................................................................................................. 5 – 6
Table 5-3. Summary of Typical bond (Grout-to-Ground Bond) Values for
Micropile Design......................................................................................... 5 – 21
Table 5-4. Efficiency Factors for Micropile Groups in Cohesive Soils............................ 5 – 23
Table 5-5. Criteria for Assessing Ground Corrosion Potential ........................................... 5 – 46
Table 5-6. Corrosion Protection Requirements for Micropiles........................................... 5 – 50
Table 5-7 Values of ε50 for Intact Clays.............................................................................. 5 – 55
Table 5-8 Values of ε50 for Stiff Clays................................................................................ 5 – 56
Table 5-9 Soil –modulus Parameter (k) for Sands. ............................................................. 5 – 56
Table 5-10 Soil –modulus Parameter (k) for Clays............................................................. 5 – 56
Table 5-11 Guidance on Level of Fixity for Micropile-Footing Connections.................... 5 – 58
Table 5-12 Elastic Constants of Various Soils Based on Soil Type ................................... 5 – 69
Table 5-13 Elastic Constants of Various Soils Based on SPT N Value.............................. 5 – 70

Table 6-1. Design Steps for Micropiles for Slope Stabilization .......................................... 6 – 3
Table 6-2. Mult Values for Design Example....................................................................... 6 – 47
Table 6-3. Hult(Ψds) for Various Batter Angles .................................................................... 6 – 52
Table 6-4. Comparison of Actual Loads to Design Loads for
Blue Trail Landslide Project. ........................................................................ 6 – 62

Table 7-1. Verification Test Load Schedule ....................................................................... 7 – 13

Table 7-2. Proof Test Load Schedule.................................................................................. 7 – 16
Table 7-3. Recommendations on Minimum Number of Test Micropiles for
Proof Testing ............................................................................................ 7 – 22

Table 8-1. Example Micropile Installation Log ............................................................... 8 – 14

Table 8-2. Example Completed Micropile Installation Log ............................................ 8 – 15

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Table 10-1. Typical Breakdown of Micropile Unit Costs................................................... 10 – 2
Table 10-2. Material Costs of Steel Casings used for Micropiles....................................... 10 – 2
Table 10-3. Material Costs of Steel Reinforcing Bars used for Micropiles........................ 10 – 3
Table 10-4. Effects of Project-Specific Factors on Micropile Cost .................................... 10 – 5
Table 10-5. Sample Problem No. 1 – Cost Analysis (Bridge Abutment Support) ........... 10 – 7
Table 10-6. Sample Problem No. 2 – Cost Analysis (Seismic Retrofit) ........................... 10 – 9
Table 10-7. Micropile Measurement and Payment Units ............................................... 10 – 10

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