Evaluating E Band Wireless

Siklu’s Response to Industry Canada Public
Consultation:
Spectrum Utilization Policies and Technical
Requirements Related to Backhaul Spectrum in
Various Bands, Including Bands Shared With
Satellite, Mobile and Other Services
SMSE-018-12
Canada Gazette, Part I from December 21, 2012
Attends Manager, Fixed Wireless Systems, Industry Canada, 19th Floor, 300 Slater Street,
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C8.
© 2013 All Rig hts r eserved to Siklu Communication Lt d. Company Confidential

Consultation on Spectrum Utilization Policies for Industry Canada April 22 2013
Introduction
Siklu Communication would like to thank Industry Canada for the opportunity to comment on
the “Spectrum Utilization Policies and Technical Requirements Related to Backhaul Spectrum
in Various Bands, Including Bands Shared With Satellite, Mobile and Other Services ”
Consultation. As the worldwide market leader for 2012 E-band links installation, and one of the
pioneers in the emerging V-band technologies evaluations, we are pleased to participate in this
consultation, and we will comment on the topics related to our products and worldwide
experience.
The surging demands for data services over mobile devices are driving the creation of new
architectures and adjusted approaches of the mobile backhaul networks.
Architecture trends: “Small cells” “Pico cells” “Micro cells” are some of the commonly used
terms to describe evolving drives for new architectures emerging to address the growing
bandwidth demands. As services speeds at a traditional macro -cell area are being boosted by
those new small-cells, the footprint of the backhaul network is being expanded in order to
serve those small-cells. It is the main drive for bandwidth upgrades to the whole backhaul
network.
The new data centric backhaul approach: Traditional well known sub 40GHz microwave
systems were designed for the old voice only era. At that ere, the role of those links was mainly
to carry voice calls. From technical point of view, symmetrical transmission links were the
obvious solution and that lead to adoption of dual channel FDD based links. In recent years
amount of data being transmitted over mobile networks already passed the voice. The data
centric nature of the internet led to actual asymmetric utilization of those FDD based links.
Today’s networks statistics show upload-download ratios of 1:5 to 1:7. The continuous usage
of those FDD links led to continuously growing non-optimal utilization of the wireless backhaul
frequencies.
The new backhaul networks designed for both higher capacities and asymmetric data
deliveries leverage both FDD & TDD systems:
 TDD based systems are usually deployed at:
o One hope to fiber
o Non-redundant cascaded topologies of wireless backhaul links.
 FDD based systems are usually deployed at:
o Ring topologies
o Fiber backup solution for the metro fiber network
This will be explained later at our response to paragraph 4-5.
As MMW systems 2nd generations of backhaul links are reaching the market, the technology
became the world recognized solution to ease wireless access of mobile backhaul networks.
Siklu, the world market leader in MMW links from both innovative technology and
deployments, is pleased to support this technology adoption in Canada, and will keep on
advising Industry-Canada, based on our deployments experience around the world.
2
4-5
Given current and anticipated deployments, identify specific frequency bands and
corresponding geographical areas in which you are experiencing or expect congestion.
Please provide your deployment plans for these areas and proposals to mitigate
congestion.
Responses should specifically address short-, medium-, and long-haul systems

individually. If any replies are considered proprietary, they must be submitted separately
and clearly marked as “Confidential.”
Response:
The situation and concerns described above are well knows around the world . Areas that are
usually first to become congested for traditional sub 40GHz microwave links are:
 City centers and city’s business districts.
 Heavy populated neighborhoods
The ways operators are facing them are described here.
Add E-band links gradually just where needed: Figure 1 shows typical mobile backhaul
network with its wire-line (usually fiber) and wireless parts.
Figure 1: typical mobile backhaul network
When data usage in such a network surges, the first wireless transmission links to be fully
loaded are the ones plotted in dotted blue lines. When a network planner tries to add channels
in a traditional sub 40GHz microwave links, the issues he is facing are:
 Both wide antenna angels of those systems combined the high transmit power, are not
enabling channel re-use
 Mix of non continues and relatively narrow channels
The typical solution is to free some of this spectrum by upgrading the shorter blues links (the
top 2) to new E-band based transmission systems. The freed sub 40GHz channels are being
used to upgrade the long blue link and some of the red links.
3
Leverage the FDD E-band links for redundant wireless transmission sections: Areas of
the backhaul network were FDD transmission systems are required are mainly rings. The
reasons to use rings are heavier traffic areas were additional redundancy is needed. E-band
links are the optimal answer for heavy traffic. Since ring needs to be symmetric, then FDD links
are the suitable solution for long term investment.
Leverage the TDD E-band links for efficient spectrum usage: While considering the
significant asymmetric behavior of mobile network traffic, the TDD technology supported by
both American FCC and European CEPT standards for E-band links, was found by many
operators as an optimal way to efficiently use single channel in typical mobile backhaul link.
Figure 2 shows an example of live network cell-site traffic statistics were the actual upload-
download ratio is 1:6:
Figure 2: Typical 3G cell-site data traffic, red=download, blue=upload
If we take this example and backhaul this site with a traditional FDD 2 channel wireless
transmission system, there will be ~40% waste of resources. See example in figure 3 for
typical dual channel based backhaul link:
 500MHz of spectrum is implemented in each direction
 In the conservative number of 1:5 ratios, it is a waste of 400MHz of spectrum being paid
both to the equipment vendor and the annual fee for the regulator, while leaving less free
spectrum for other links.
Figure 3: FDD backhaul channel utilization in a typical mobile backhaul link
4
5-18
The Department is seeking comments on whether additional spectrum is needed for
backhaul purposes. Proposals should identify the particular frequency band(s) and
address technical requirements, policy and licensing implications, as well as sharing and
coordination considerations. Proposals should also state whether equipment is currently
available and provide as much information as possible on the use of such spectrum in
other countries.
The comments received may be used in the development of a separate consultation on
specific frequency bands, as appropriate.
Response:
Need for additional spectrum.
Areas were the backhaul network is first to reach its full capacities are city centers and dense
neighborhoods. At those areas, the links are both short and relatively close to each other. At
those areas, the current installed sub-40GHz microwave systems are suffering from 2
drawbacks:
1. Relatively small continues bands
2. Wide antenna beams
Those drawbacks are both solved by MMW based links operating at 71-76 & 81-86 GHz.
Technical requirements
MMW based links operating at 71-76 & 81-86 GHz standardizations with technical
requirements are well addressed by both ETSI & FCC. Siklu recommends following the
requirements adopted by Europe’s ETSI.
The transmission equipment footprint needs to be reduced in order to ease its installation and
help its blend into the environment. The main factor that influences the footprint of the
wireless transmission equipment is the antenna size. IC is advised to notice the minimum
antenna requirement differences between FCC & ETSI: The minimum antenna gain is 43dBi
(FCC) and 38dBi (ETSI). The lower minimum gain required by ETSI, enables smaller antennas
and thus smaller footprint of the wireless transmission equipment. Siklu recommends to adapt
the ETSI antenna gain requirements enabling smaller foot print equipment and to further
consider reducing the minimum antenna gain to allow even smaller form factor equipment in
the future.
Sharing and Coordination considerations

Since MMW based links operating at 71-76 & 81-86 GHz are planned for mobile backhaul and
may also be used for business services access or backup links for fixed fiber services, Siklu’s
recommendation is to use a proper coordination. The American (with automatic web based
registration) approach is the most effective known to us. Combining the American approach
with 250MHz channels allocations (ETSI based) seems to be the best solution. Although MMW
links employ narrow beams and usually emits relatively low radiation, since those links are
used for service delivery to the public, controlled channel allocation policy will ensure keeping
the quality of the telecom based services together with minimizing coordination issues
between operators.
Some countries like the US and Australia have selected not to allocate channels, assuming that
since this frequency band has high frequency re-use, area based licensing will enable flexible
usage of the spectrum. Other countries (mainly Europe) have selected the ETSI/CEPT 250MHz
channel plan.
When deciding on the channeling arrangement, a few considerations have to be taken into
account:
5
 The bandwidth to be used by the available equipment (currently most of the vendors
support 1000MHz, a few support 500MHz and 250MHz, with more vendors announcing
the support of 250MHz and 500MHz)
 The equipment duplexing method TDD and FDD.
 The coordination function the regulator would like to use.
Since MMW links deploy narrow beams with relatively low power, the main coordination issue
needs to be considered when multiple links are deployed on the same pole. If each operator
owns separate pole for its installed links, then centralized coordination can easily and
effectively enable both full range (2 x 19) of channels to be used by all operators with optimal
channel re-use. It will also be most in efficient since it will “spread” the spectrum and not allow
all the potential operators to enjoy the spatial re-use qualities of this spectrum.
Benefits of the MMW based spectrum:

1. Additional band – it helps operators around the world to add links especially in areas
were sub 40GHz links came to saturation with no more spare channels left
2. Wide – compering to sub 40GHz bands which are much narrower
3. Continues – simplifies the day to day operational process because same system can
operate at any frequency at this spectrum
The proposed sharing and coordination method:

 Online registration
 Centralized data base
 Calculated automatic allocation of:
o Channel (Nx250MHz)
o Polarization
The online system calculates automatically the mutual influences from each new required link.
The calculations are based on:
a. Canada’s chosen standard guidelines with its specifications, that will include:
 Permitted antenna radiation pattern (for example, for 1ft antenna it is 38dBi)
 Permitted antenna gain. For example: at 90ᴼ would be less than -7dBi (ETSI
EN 301 217-4, class 2)
b. The previously installed links at that area and their parameters, including (here
listed the main parameters. Actual tool will take more into account):
 Transmit power
 Operating channel
 Antenna class
c. The new link parameters
The benefits are:

a. Accurate calculations process
b. Fast and reliable registration process (online). It will lead to faster mobile networks
capacity and services improvements, and thus better service for consumers.
c. Common data base with each link technical parameters, accessible to all.
d. In case that a link operator faces performance issues, he can easily check in the data
base to find his “neighbors”
e. The additional benefits for the regulator are:
6
 A clear overview of each area and its resources availability

 Reach database of links from different manufacturers combined with fee dback
from the operators about actual performance (Operators will usually give
feedback if they are facing interferences issues)
The above proposed method is actually improved ‘light licensing’ process on a FCFS basis .
6-8
The Department is seeking comments on whether the use of the following techniques
should be considered as standard. Please address any resulting technical, policy or
spectrum management issues, any sharing or coordination considerations, as well as any
implications on congestion, frequency reuse or the radio environment as a whole.
a. Radio systems that employ adaptive modulation, noting that during adverse
propagation conditions, the systems’ spectral efficiencies may fall below the specified
minimums.
b. Radio links that use CCDP to effectively increase the capacity over the same channel.
c. Systems that make use of channel bonding to effectively increase the available
bandwidth.
d. Other planned or available types of radio equipment technology to ease capacity
issues.
Response:
a) It is obvious today, that with the existence of statistical IP traffic and QoS, we need a
different levels of availability for different services, or transport types (eg. voice, video,
files, best effort browsing) and therefore different capacities at each availability (voice that
requires the highest availability requires a fraction of the network capacity). Adaptive
modulation is the only mature proven technic that being implanted and used to provide
such functionality. Today it is part of almost any carrier-grade wireless radio system. Smart
usage of adaptive modulation, coding and even bandwidth techniques can buy more than
20 dB of excess link budget that would be useful only when those techniques are used in a
hitless manner, and are combined with QoS. When employing these measures, we can see
that, at any distance we have different capacities per availability, and the effective link
range is extended. Bear in mind that this technic saves transmit power at most of the time:
adaptive modulation based radio link transmits its maximum output power when it goes
down to the lowest modulation. Typical link operates at low modulation only few minutes
or few hours over the year. The rest of the time the link operates at the its highest
modulation while transmitting relatively low power (for example, Siklu’s EtherHaul links
transmits at the highest modulation half of the power compering to the power transmitted
while operating at the lowest modulation). The days of static capacity, circuit switched
communication links are over. The statistical behavior of today’s data ruled networks
drives the need for “elastic” capacities at the transport networks. As for wireless links, the
hitless adaptive modulation combined with QoS policy, are the technics used at today’s data
era.
b) As for the need for CCDP, there are 2 main reasons why currently it is less needed for E-
band:
1. E-band is totally free new spectrum and has 2 x 5GHz continues
7
2. Frequency reuse high:

o The pencil-beam antenna concept allow for a high spatial reuse of frequencies
o Low transmit power
o The stringent requirements (part of the standards) that are placed on the
antenna radiation pattern and gain for the MMW antennas:
 The antenna gain is at least 43dBi (FCC) and 38dBi (ETSI).
 The half-power beam-width derived from the standard definitions led to
production of antennas with 0.85°-0.9° (FCC) and 1°-1.2° (ETSI) beam-
width.
o One of the characteristics of E-band frequencies: very low reflection from most
objects.
c) Channel bonding for MMW radio links is supported by leading vendors and is well defined
by ETSI. The motives are:
1. Future proof capacities
2. Flexible channel allocations to cope with possible mutual interference
d) Radio equipment technology to ease capacity issues. As mentioned in the introduction and
in the response to paragraph 4.5, the asymmetric behavior of today’s data services, led the
way for TDD based links. Those TDD links efficiently use the single channel capacity for
both transmit and receive data and leaves spectrum resources for additional links. It is
worse mentioned that both 3G and LTE technologies are defined and implemented at
asymmetric configuration and thus asymmetric backhaul links are the complementary right
solution.
8
6-9
Is there a need for additional flexibility or modernization of policies and/or standards to
allow for evolution and advances in equipment? Please provide specific proposals
addressing any technical implications, sharing and coordination considerations, as well as
any impact on the interference environment and congestion levels.
Should any of your comments be considered proprietary, they must be submitted
separately and clearly marked as “Confidential.”
Response:
MMW (E-Band) radio links are the main tool to upgrade the backhaul network for the data era.
Usually, those links are deployed when a macro cell-site is upgradable to HSPA+ (or dual
carrier HSPA) 3G or LTE. Considering the emerging small-cell sites concept being evaluated for
further rates upgrades, the V-band frequency plan (57-64GHz) seems to be the future backhaul
complementary solution to address the those new sites. The motives are:
 V-band is usually license free frequency band
 Its propagation capabilities make it ideal for very short links implementations while
enable relatively high frequency re-use
 The small-cells, which are expected to have a throughput requirement in the range 20-
500 Mbps, are expected to be a major target for line-of-sight mm-wave radios operating
at V-band, which are and ideal way to aggregate capacity in a series of short hops.
 One of the main difficulties encountered by mobile operators is the placement of their
small-cells. To achieve the highest possible mobile data density, an underlay of small
cells (mounted to a street light, utility pole or other street level artifacts) is ideal. Mo st
of those locations have provision for electrical power, but lack the infrastructure to
provide backhaul.
 V-band wireless system will follow the following characteristics:
o Operates in the frequencies of 57GHz to 64GHz frequency range
o Ultra Low Cost Products
o “Invisible” – operators are asking for backhaul systems that will merge with
typical light-pole width.
o Extremely small system and antenna design
o Extremely low power consumption
o Advance networking to allow flexible network topologies deployment
o Effective range of hundreds of meters with high availability
o Option to integrate the backhaul into the macro-cell
The current typical macro-cells, serving an area of 1-3 square kilometers, are no long
sufficient for the new era data volumes demanded by the subscribers. Those sites are now
being offloaded by smaller, much closer to the subscriber, small-cells.
Figure 4: Macro Cell example
9
Figure 4 demonstrates the foot-print of a typical Macro Cell site. That foot print includes also
the microware based backhaul gear, which is relatively large and could only host at such large
sites. Those sites are typically located on dedicated large cellular pols or roof tops of public
buildings.
Some of the means emerging new mobile networks are designed to cope with the increasing
data volumes are next design fundamentals:
 Decreasing the size of the cell site hardware
 Shrinking the served area sizes
The new small-cells foot print is shown in figure 5. The foot print differences between Macro
Cell and small cell are easily observed. It includes also the backhaul gear that needs to be
adjusted in order to merge with this new type of cellular site.
Figure 5: Typical Small Cell
Since the new small cellular site locations are street level (unlike roof-tops):
 Service providers were looking to easier to acquire sites, and moved from hundreds
buildings owners, each needing a dedicated contract, to agreements with municipal
entities that each owns thousands of street level infrastructure, mainly lamp pols.
 They are harder to reach with wire-line infrastructure, and miniature high capacity
wireless backhaul gear seems to be the challenging solution for the backhaul network.
Service providers are defining the characteristics of the new era wireless backhaul gear:
 Small form factor
 Low power consumption
 Very high capacity
 Full set of carrier class Ethernet features for easy integration with any native Ethernet
optical backhaul network
 Fast and easy to install
10
The new architecture emerging for the municipal cellular network is demonstrated in figure 6.
Each traditional metro-cell is boosted with dozens of street-level small-cells typically located
on lamp pols or side-walls.
Figure 6: Emerging architecture of city wide cellular network
For condition where there is no LoS (line of sight):

 Sub 6GHz wireless backhaul systems will be used
 It has limited throughput and nibbles access capacity, but those frequencies are capable
of propagation at no LoS conditions
 An ideal gap filler where there will be no LoS
11
Conclusions
The MMW (E-Band) band, with two 5GHz blocks of spectrum allocated at 71-76GHz and 81-
86GHz, benefits from the large channel bandwidth available in this frequency, with typical
channel bandwidth of 250MHz, and channel aggregation that is allowed up to Nx250MHz of
available spectrum.
The increased operating frequency, leads to propagation of a radio wave transmitted from a
given antenna to become more directional.
In a dense environment where many links are expected to operate in close proximity, this
translates to better spatial isolation between links, and practically zero interference.
Recognizing the minimal risk of interference when operating in this band, regulators
worldwide adopted a new, 'light licensing' paradigm. Under this 'light licensing' paradigm link
licensing is based on quick (mostly online) registration, extremely low spectrum license fees,
and technology neutrality to duplexing (TDD/FDD), channel aggregation and modulation beam.
The main limitation imposed on this band is the requirement for a minimum antenna gain in
order to maintain a directivity level that will ensure the spatial diversity.
Contact information
Siklu Communication Ltd.
43, HaSivim St.
Petach Tikva 49517, Israel
Tel: +972 3 921 4015
Fax: +972 3 921 4162
info@siklu.com
The Siklu logo and EtherHaul™ are trademarks of Siklu Communication Ltd. This document is for information
purposes only. The details contained in this document, including product and feature specifications, are subject
to change without notice. This document shall not bind Siklu to provide to anyone a specific product or set of
features related thereto.
12

Evaluating E Band Wireless

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Evaluating E Band Wireless

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Siklu’s Response to Industry Canada Public

Canada Gazette, Part I from December 21, 2012

© 2013 All Rig hts r eserved to Siklu Communication Lt d. Company Confidential

Responses should specifically address short-, medium-, and long-haul systems

Figure 1: typical mobile backhaul network

Figure 2: Typical 3G cell-site data traffic, red=download, blue=upload

Figure 3: FDD backhaul channel utilization in a typical mobile backhaul link

Sharing and Coordination considerations

Benefits of the MMW based spectrum:

The proposed sharing and coordination method:

The benefits are:

 A clear overview of each area and its resources availability

2. Frequency reuse high:

Figure 4: Macro Cell example

Figure 5: Typical Small Cell

Figure 6: Emerging architecture of city wide cellular network

For condition where there is no LoS (line of sight):

Вам также может понравиться