Preparing CAD PDF

Preparing Computer Aided Drawing
N. H e r m a n * C . J a r i n * M . T a s a n * R . V i t o
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Preparing
Computer-Aided
Drawing
N. H e r m a n * C . J a r i n * M . T a s a n * R . V i t o
/ Prepare tools and materials and set-up equipment for drawing
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Preparing Computer Aided Drawing is your guide aligned with Competency-Based
Curriculum (CBC) to today’s most recent designing software – AutoCAD, manufactured by Autodesk. It is pre-
sented with full illustrations for you to easily understand the technology to be studied.
With the use of technology, designing has become precise, simple and fast. Even persons without drafting skills
will be able to draft and design with better result through the help of the many available application commands
and keystrokes. The benefit of the software to the drawings’ accuracy, neatness and legibility, speed and consis-
tency are endless.
Preparing Computer Aided Drawing is created showing the latest version of Autodesk,
AutoCAD 2016 utilizing actual graphics and images for better understanding and lesson visualization. It also con-
tains training materials and activities to be completed after each lesson. The unit of competency “Prepare Com-
puter Aided Drawing” contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Technical Drafting NC II course.
Series of learning activities are required to be met in order to complete each of the learning outcomes of the mod-
ule. In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets, Task Sheets, and Activity Sheets. Follow the activities
and answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity.
The Authors
RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL)

At an instance that there is prior competence of the trainees in a particular skill/s provided on this module, the
trainees are encouraged to demonstrate the skill to the qualification trainer as proof or present a Certificate of
Competency (CoC) associated to the competency as an evidence for his/her advancement.
After the completion of this module, the trainer will assess the competency of the trainees through an Institu-
tional Assessment (IA) which is aligned with the National Competency Assessment of the trade area. This ex-
amination will be recorded and reflected on the trainees’ competency profile. All the learning activities are de-
signed to complete at own pace preferred by the trainees.
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Contents
Preparing Computer Aided Drawing . . . . . 1
A Module for Preparing Computer Aided Drawing . . . 3-4
About Authors . . . . . . . . 5
Introduction . . . . . . . . 8
Technical terms . . . . . . . 9
Learning Outcome 1
Learning Outcome 1 . . . . . . . 11
Prepare Tools and Materials . . . . . . 12-13
Information Sheet 1.1.1 . . . . . . 14-15
Task Sheet 1.1.1.1 . . . . . . . 17
Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 18
Operation Sheet 1.1.1.2 . . . . . . 19
Information Sheet 1.2.1. . . . . . . 22-26
Self Check . . . . . . . . 27
Starting An Autocad . . . . . . . 30
Self Check 1.2.2.1 . . . . . . . 34
Self Check 1.2.3.1 . . . . . . . 37
Task Sheet 1.2.3 . . . . . . . 38
Information Sheet 1.2.4 . . . . . . 41

Operation Sheet 1.1.1.2 . . . . . . 42
Self Check 1.2.5.1. . . . . . . . 46
Learning Outcome 2
Lay-out and produce computer-aided drawings and details . . 49
Task Sheet 2.1.1.1 . . . . . . . 54
Job Sheet 2.1.2.1 . . . . . . . 63
Information Sheet 2..1.2 . . . . . . 65
Self-Check 2.2.1.1 . . . . . . . 67
Task Sheet 2.1.1.1 . . . . . . . 71
Task Sheet 2.2.2.2 . . . . . . . 73
Information Sheet . . . . . . . 74-76
Self Checklist . . . . . . . 77
Answer Keys . . . . . . . . 78
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Program/Course : Technical Drafting NC II

Unit of Competency : Prepare Computer Aided Drawing
Module : Preparing Computer Aided Drawing
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on Technical Drafting NC
II. It includes activities and materials for the preparation of computer-aided drawings.
Completion of this module will help on better understanding of the succeeding module focus-
ing on Drafting Structural lay-outs and details.
This module is consists of two (2) learning outcomes presented below. Each learning out-
comes comprises various learning activities supported by instruction sheets. Before performing the
instructions provided, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and activities provided
to ascertain that your acquired knowledge necessary to execute the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.
Upon the completion of this module, report to the teacher-trainer for an institutional assess-
ment for the purpose of checking the achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this mod-
ule. Proven competent to the assessment, a Certificate of Completion (CoC) will be achieved.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module you should be able to:
LO 1
Prepare tools and materials and set-up equipment for drawing
LO 2 Lay-out and produce computer-aided drawings and details
PRE-REQUISITES:
Draft Architectural Layout and Details
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Assembly Drawing is a drawing that shows how different parts of an object go together
Axonometric is a method of projection in which an object is drawn with its horizontal and vertical
axes to scale but with its curved lines and diagonal lines distorted
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer where most of the “computing” takes
place.
CAD Software and Hardware - Computer system can be broken down into two basic elements, the
hardware and the software.
Center line is a thin line consisting of two long dashes and a short dash drawn alternately with a gap
Compass is an instrument used when drawing arcs and circles
Delivery receipt is a form that shows proof or receipt of goods and services
Detail dimensions are measurements of the detail part or parts of the object
Detail drawing is a detailed drawing of a detail part usually in orthographic projection
Dimensioning is the process of placing measurements in a drawing in the Metric or English system
Dimension line is a thin line with an arrowhead on the end used to indicate the measurements of the
object
Divider is a drawing instrument used when transferring measurements, dividing lines, arcs, into the
desired number of equal parts
Drawing is a picture, diagram made of lines, a graphic representation of the real thing, an idea or a
design for production or construction
Drawing pencil is one of the most important tool of a draftsman; a tool used for drawing
English system is a system of linear measurement based on the standard foot
Erasing shield is used when clearing up smudges and unnecessary pencil lines
Extension line is a thin line that extends from the object in order to show dimension limits
Geometrical construction is the process whereby geometric problems are solved accurately in me
chanical drawings
Hardware is all the physical equipment that makes up the computer system.
Hidden line is a medium thick line composed of short dashes about 2-3 millimeters long with space
between dashes about 1-2 millimeters wide
Isometric axes are light lines used as bases in constructing an isometric view of an object
Isometric drawing is a pictorial drawing showing the three views of the object tilted 30 degrees in
front of the observer
Long-break line is a medium thick line consisting of broken and straight lines drawn alternately.
This is also known as the limiting line. The limits the length of an elongated object without
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changing the size of its view
Mechanical drafting is a process for making accurate drawings using special drawing tools and in
struments
Metric system is a system of linear measurement which it is based on the standard meter
Multi-view drawing is a drawing that shows more than one view of an object
Notations are all lettering and other dimensions found in a drawing, or working sketch
Oblique drawing is a kind of pictorial drawing of an object, one surface of which is shown parallel to
the frontal plane and the other is inclined to it
Orthographic drawing are objects presented into two or more views by projecting the outline
into the planes of projection perpendicular to each other
Orthographic projection is the presentation of an object in two or more views by projecting the out
line of the object to the plane of projection perpendicular to each other
Overall dimension is the total width, height, and depth of the object
Perspective drawings are drawings which shows an object as it appears to our eyes
Pictorial view is the presentation of an object whereby it is viewed showing the three faces of an ob
ject cannot be seen at least 2 millimeters in between; it represents the axis or center of sym
metrical shapes like a ball, washer, rectangular block, cube
Protractor is used for determining gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs and circles
Requisition form is an official form, a printed document on which a request is made
Software is the set of programs and other related applications associated with a computer sys
tem.
Section line is a thin lines to show the surface that has been cut; they are spaced evenly at 45 degrees
with the horizontal to make shaded effect
Short-break line is a thick line drawn in freehand to show detail
Sketch is a quality executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work
Triangular scale is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged
Visible line is a thick line that represents the visible edges or outline of the object; also known as the
object line
Working plan is a freehand drawing showing all the information needed to construct
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Learning Outcome 1 LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Draft Architectural Layout and Details
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1. Read Information Sheet 1.1.1 on Architectural In this information sheet you will understand
Drafting Tools, Materials and Equipment, Their what are the different materials, tools and
Uses and Care equipment and their uses.
2. Demonstration Perform Task Sheet 1.1.1.1 on how to set up
drawing paper on the drawing table and the
proper use of tools
Evaluate your own output using Performance
Criteria Checklist 1.1.1.1
3.Demonstration Perform Operation Sheet 1.1.1.2 on how to set
up drawing horizontal and vertical lines.
Evaluate your own output using Performance
Criteria Checklist 1.1.1.2
4.Read information Sheet 1.2.1 on Operating CAD In this information sheet you will understand
software and Computer Hardware different parts of computer hardware and the
software
5. Answer Self-Check 1.2.1.1 Answer 5 items self-check questioner to assess
your learning
Compare your answer with Answer Key 1.2.1.1
6.Read information Sheet 1.2.2 on selection of In this information Sheet you will understand
workspace and toolbars about proper selection of workspace and tool-
bars
your learning
Compare your answer with Answer Key 1.2.2.1
7.Read Information Sheet 1.2.3 on Coordinates In this information sheet you will understand
System about coordinates system
8. Demonstration Answer Self-Check 1.2.3.1

Evaluate your own answer using Answer Key
1.2.3.1
7.Read Information Sheet 1.2.4 on Definition of In this information sheet you will understand
Layers about definition of layers
8. Demonstration Perform Operation Sheet 1.2.4.1 on creating

layers
Evaluate your own output using performance
criteria checklist 1.2.4.1
7.Read Information Sheet 1.2.5 on Zoom, Scroll In this information sheet you will understand
and Pan about zoom, scroll and pan
8. Demonstration Answer Self-Check 1.2.5.1

Evaluate your own answer using answer key
1.2.5.1
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

LEARNING OUTCOME No.1
Pr e p a r e t o o l s a n d
m at er i al s and
Se t -u p e q u i p m e n t s
f or dr aw i ng
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
LEARNING OUTCOME No.1:
Prepare tools and materials and set-up

equipment for drawing
ASSESSMENT CRITERIAS:
1. CAD software are identified according to software provider
2. Manipulate draw, editing, modification, plotting commands as per software provider
instructions
Tools Equipment Materials

Drawing board Computer hardware Tracing paper
T-square Plotter Blueprint
Triangle Printer Pen / pencil
Scale Ink
Technical pens and pencils Paper
Erasers External drive
Drawing templates Recordable or rewritable
CD
Sharpeners
CAD software
REF-
ERENCES:
Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer. Hill and Dygdon, Technical Drawing Eight Edition; The McMil
lan Company: 1999
Competency Based Learning Material, Civil Technology
Competency Based Learning Material, Drafting Technology
Competency Based Learning Material, Machine Shop
Industry, Department of Labor and Employment – Bureau of Working Conditions, D.O. 13, s.
1998.
Procedural Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
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
Most architectural drafting works generally consist of freehand and mechanical drawings. In
this module, you will learn how to prepare all drafting tools, materials, and equipment needed for the
job.
It is presumed that all students like you are already aware of the tools and materials needed
in drafting works, considering your learning in the previous year level. However, it is still necessary
that you review the past lesson to help you prepare for higher drafting activity.
Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment

A. Tools
1. T-square - used to draw horizontal lines and serves as a guide for
triangles.
2. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique

lines.
3. Drawing Pencil - one of the most important tools of a draftsman

in drawing.
4. Erasing shield - a thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil

and inked lines to protect other drawing lines.
5. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.
6. Triangular Scale - a tool used to enlarge or reduce measurement

and distances to a regular pro portion in the drawing paper.
7. French curve - a flat drafting instrument with curved edges and

several scroll shaped cutouts, used as a guide in drawing ir
regular curves when constructing graphs or making technical
drawings.
8. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener – shapes long pencil lead into a

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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
conical shape points.
9. Compass - used to draw arcs and circles.
10. Dusting brush – a tool used for dusting and cleaning drawings with dust
and crumbs.
11. Technical Pen - a pen used for inking lines in drawing. It comes in dif-
ferent points/sizes.
12. Templates - a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols which is

used as guide for drawing architectural images on plans.
13. Ruler - it is the most popular type of tool for measuring sizes and short
distances.
14. Divider - an instrument used when transferring measurements, divid

ing lines or arcs into the desired number of equal parts.
B. Materials
1. Tracing paper - thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blue
print.
2. Masking tape - used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing
board.
3. Eraser - used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines
4. Sandpaper Block - serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a pencil into desired points.
C. Equipment
1. Drawing board/table – a board made of soft wood but with cleats of hard wood where the
drawing paper is fastened with a draftsman’s tape.
2. Drawing stool - a basic tool in drafting used to give some height for the drafting table on to the
user when drawing on the drafting table.
3. Drafting machine - a high technology machine for drawing purposes.

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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Proper Manipulation of the T-square and setting up Drawing Paper on the
Drawing Table
Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task following the given
procedure.
Instrument and Materials
T – Square, Drawing Paper, Masking Tape
Equipment:
Drawing Table (Drafting Table or Drawing Board)
Procedure:
1. Place the head of the T-square against the edge of the drafting table. (Left side of the table if you
are right handed and at the right side of the table if you are left handed).
2. Slide the working head of the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table. The two
edges should be in constant contact until the desired position.
3. Press firmly the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table.
4. Place the drawing paper close to the working edge of the drawing table and working head of the T
-square depending on you if you are right or left-handed, while the paper is placed on top edge of
the T-square.
5. Fasten the upper left portion of the drawing paper followed by the lower right portion and finally
the remaining corners.
Note: Do not use the T-square on an uneven or rough surfaces and never cut paper along its
working edge.
For Right-handed For Left-handed
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Proper use of T-Square
Note: Always fasten larger backing sheet of thicker drawing paper on the board first.
Placing drawing paper to the drawing board
Assessment Method: Performance Criteria Checklist
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Trainee’s Name: _____________________________________________________________________Date: ____________________
Criteria YES NO
1. Did the tools and materials are used and identified correctly?
2. Was the output is accurately done and presented?
3. Did the tools used were utilized properly?
4. Did the drawing paper was accurately laid out?
5. Was the speed just right based on standard?
PERFORMANCE SCORE CARD

Performance Criteria Scoring
1 2 3 4 5
1. The tools and materials are properly used
2. The drawing paper is properly fastened on the drawing table
3. The masking tape is properly installed on the drawing paper
4. The drawing paper is aligned to the T-square horizontally
5- Excellently Performed
4- Very Satisfactorily Performed
3- Satisfactorily Performed
2- Fairly Performed
1- Poorly Performed
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Drawing a Horizontal and Vertical Line

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task following the
given procedure.
Materials:
Drawing paper, Pencil and Masking tape
Instrument:
T – Square and Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)
Equipment:
Drawing Table
For Horizontal Line
Procedure:
1. Press the head of the T-square against the working edge of the drawing table and lean the pencil
to the desired direction of the line inclined at more or less 60 degrees with the drawing table.
2. Maintain the position of the pencil while you glide lightly on the blade of the T- square.
3. Draw the line from left to right rotating occasionally to produce uniform line weights.
(Reverse this step if you are left-handed).
Using the T-Square to draw Horizontal lines
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
For Vertical Line

Procedure:
1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical lines.
2. Place the triangle on top of the blade of the T-square with the vertical edge on the left.
3. With the left hand pressing the T-square and the triangle against the drawing board, draw the line
upward, rotating the pencil slowly between the thumb and forefinger.
Drawing vertical lines using triangles and T-square

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Criteria YES NO
1. Did the tools and materials are used and identified correctly?
Was the output is accurately done and presented?
Did the tools used were utilized properly?
Did the horizontal and vertical lines was accurately laid out?
Was the speed just right based on standard?

1 2 3 4 5
1. The tools are properly used
2. The drawing paper is properly fastened on the drawing table
3. Horizontal lines are drawn according to standard procedure
4. Vertical lines are drawn according to standard procedure
5 - Excellently Performed
4 - Very Satisfactorily Performed
3 - Satisfactorily Performed
2 - Fairly Performed
1 - Poorly Performed
21
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

The following tools and equipment are classified according to their functions and uses.
THE HARDWARE
The hardware is the physical equipment that makes up the computer system. It is di-
vided into system hardware and peripherals. The system hardware includes the Central Proc-
essing Unit (CPU), the keyboard, the monitor and primary storage memory (RAM), and the
secondary storage memory.
Peripherals includes disk drives, mouse, digitizers, printers/plotters, etc.
System Unit – The main part of a microcomputer, is sometimes called the chassis. It includes
the following parts: motherboard, microprocessor, memory chips, buses, ports, expansion slots
and cards.
Sample Tower Type System Unit

Source: computerit4u.com
22
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
The Central Processor Unit (CPU) – is the brain of the

computer where most of the “computing” takes place. It is
also known as processor. It performs all in-
structions and calculations that are needed to
manage the flow of information.
Sample of CPU
(Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)
Source: products.yumecompare.com
Keyboard – is the principal device for communicating with your computer. All keyboards have let-
ter keys, punctuation keys, and a space bar which is similar to the keys on a typewriter. Key-
boards also have functions, numeric and arrow keys in additional to Alt, Ctrl, and Enter keys.
Sample Keyboard
Source: news.techgenie.com
Monitor – it has a screen that displays information, such as the instruction you send to your
computer and the information and results your computer sends back after interpreting your in-
struction. A color monitor will not display color unless there is a video card fits inside your com-
puter. The video card determines the screen resolution and the number of colors that the moni-
tor can display.
Sample Types of Monitor
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – it also known as hard drive. It is a magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as a permanent storage for data.
In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the op-
erating system and applications.
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Hard Disk
Source: news.techgenie.com
Optical Drive – is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There
are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blue-
ray Disc (BD).
CD ROM
Source: www.ktclear.in
Mouse – is a small hand-held device used to control the cursor/crosshair on the screen. They can
be used to select an item by pointing to it and clicking a button.
Sample Mouse
Source: www.ztenterprise.com
24 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Printer – It is an output device that used to print information processed by your computer.
Printers and plotters varies in speed and output capabilities.
Sample Types of Printer

Source: www.pcworld.co.uk
Plotter – an output device able to produce better quality drawings as compared to

printer, however the speed of plotter is generally slower than printer.
Sample Plotter
Source: www.digitalcutterplotter.asia
THE SOFTWARE
The software is the set of programs, procedures, and related documentation associated with a
computer system. A program is a coded set of instructions that interprets the information given
to the computer with the keyboard or mouse and directs the computer to carry a task.
Software can be categorized into two main groups: operating system software and application soft-
ware.
Operating System Software - The operating system software provides various levels of interac-
tion (called interface) between the computer and the user, as well as between the computer
and the application software.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Application Software -The application software also called programs, has a specific use or task
to perform such as AutoCAD for Architectural drawings and layouts, Lotus 1-2-3 for business and
marketing, Adobe Photoshop for image processing, and so on.
Sample Application Software Logos

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Identify the following hardware components and software applications.

Write your answer on the separate sheet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

Automatic Computer Aided Design (AutoCAD)
AutoCAD is a commercial product made by Autodesk, with many versions,
including one called AutoCAD Architecture. AutoCAD Architecture has purpose-
built features specifically designed for architectural drafting. In addition to
design tools for initial architectural conceptualization, it offers tools to make
building renovations faster and easier. The productivity tools include those that
reflect the actual design of walls and other structures. AutoCAD can maintain precise di-
mensional spacing among components such as walls, beams, columns, and doors. AutoCAD Architec-
ture offers a library of pre-built components to help speed up and automate the design and con-
struction process.
Computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computer-aided drafting (CAD) or computer-aided
design and drafting (CADD), is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification,
analysis, or optimization of a design. Computer-aided drafting describes the process of creating a
technical drawing with the use of computer software. CAD software is used to increase the productiv-
ity of the designer, improve the quality of design, and improves communications through documenta-
tion and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for
print or machining operations. CAD software uses either vector based graphics to depict the objects
of traditional drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of de-
signed objects.
Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in December 1982,
running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD,
most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD op-
erator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.
AutoCAD software allows the users to effective conceptualization of ideas, simple modifica-
tion of engineering designs, and use of varied fonts, colures, and textures & other aesthetic features,
rapid design calculations, and so on.
AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers,
graphic designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of
1994.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
VERSIONS OF AUTOCAD
The first version AutoCAD-1.0 got launched back in the year 1982. The application was con-
sidered to be the first of its own kind and has exclusive features. From that point onwards, Autodesk
Inc. had launched various updated versions of AutoCAD on frequent Intervals. Following image
shows the official name, versions and date of release of various AutoCAD versions:
System Requirements for AutoCAD 2010

For 32 bit
Operating system: Windows 7 Ultimate, Professional, Home Premium; Windows Vista (SP1); Win-
dows XP (SP2 or later)
Browser: Windows Internet Explorer 7.0 or later
CPU: Windows Vista – Intel Pentium 4 or AMD Athlon Dual Core, 3.0 GHz or higher with SSE2 tech-
nology; Windows XP – Intel Pentium 4 or AMD Athlon Dual Core, 1.6 GHz or higher with SSE2
technology
Memory: Windows Vista – 2 GB RAM, Windows XP – 2 GB RAM
Display resolution: 1024 x 768 display with True Color
Hard Disk: 1 GB free disk space for installation
Pointing Device: MS-Mouse compliant
For 64 bit
Operating system: Windows 7 Ultimate, Professional, Home Premium; Windows Vista
(SP1); Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (SP2 or later)
Browser: Windows Internet Explorer 7.0 or later
CPU type: AMD Athlon 64 or Opteron with SSE2 technology; Intel Pentium 4 or Xeon with Intel
EM64T support & SSE2 technology
Memory: Windows Vista – 2 GB RAM, Windows XP – 2 GB RAM
Display resolution: 1024 x 768 with True Color
Hard Disk: 1.5 GB free disk space for installation
Pointing Device: MS-Mouse compliant
Media (CD ROM vs. DVD)
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LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Starting an AutoCAD
There are several ways of launching the AutoCAD program, depending on the preferences
and condition you may want to begin. Follow each of the illustrated steps below:
1. From the Start Menu

Click Start >Programs >Autodesk >AutoCAD from the Windows Program Manager
2. From a desktop shortcut or quick launch toolbar

Double-click the AutoCAD icon from your desktop.
3. By opening the drawing file.

Double-click the drawing file icon inside a folder or in any location from your computer.
The AutoCAD Working Environment
Like other windows-based applications, AutoCAD comes with a wide-range of features

used in many different aspects of a working drawing.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
A. Menu Browser – is a client-software that lets users read or scan documents on the World Wide
Web.
B. Quick Access Toolbar - is located along the top of the application window (above or below
the ribbon) and provides direct access to common or defined set of commands like New, Open,
Save, and Plot.
Procedure on how to add command/s to Quick Access Toolbar

1. Right-click the Quick Access toolbar >Customize Quick Access toolbar.
2. Select the preferred commands.
3. Drag the selected commands to quick Access Toolbar.
31
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
C. Filename - The name of the current file you are working on.
D. Menu Bar – is the horizontal strip across the top of an application’s window. Each word
on the strip has a cont`ext sensitive drop-down menu containing features and actions that
are available for the application in use.
E. Search Box – is a tool that allows you to search for a particular data or document in a help file or
to web.
F. Toolbars/Ribbon - provide a single, compact placement for operations/tools that

are relevant to the current workspace. By default (in its original setting), it contains the Standard,
Layers, Properties and Styles toolbars.
G. Command Line Bar - is where you enter the commands from the keyboard and where the
prompts are displayed. It has a text area where all the previous commands are displayed.
H. Tray Settings/Info Bar - quickly search for a variety of information sources, access product
updates and announcements, and save topics in the Info Center.
I. UCS – is found at the bottom left hand corner of the AutoCAD drawing window. You will see a
symbol like the one shown on the right. This is called the UCS (User Coordinate System) icon and it
is there to remind you which is the X axis and which is the Y axis.
32
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
J. WCS - By default when you start a new (blank) drawing you use the World Coordinate System
(WCS). This indicates your (0,0,0) point.
K. Draw Toolbar - Draw commands can be used to create new objects such as lines and cir-
cles. Most AutoCAD drawings are composed purely and simply from these basic components.
L. Modify Toolbar – is used to modify the basic drawing objects in some way to suit the image
you need. AutoCAD provides a whole range of modify tools such as Move, Copy, Rotate and Mirror.
M. Working/Drawing Area – is the place where your drawings are displayed and modified.
N. Crosshairs – is a type of cursor consisting of two lines that intersect and are used to locate
points and selects objects in your drawing.
O. Status Bar - displays the coordinate location of your crosshairs and the current settings of
grid, snap, and other drawing aids.
P. Dialog Box Launcher - displays the coordinate location of your crosshairs and the cur-
rent setting of grid, snap, and other drawing aids.
33
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Match the following working toolbar at Column A to its corresponding

icon at Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Draw Toolbar A.
2. Command Line Bar B.
3. UCS C.
4. Modifying Toolbar D.
5. WCS E.
34 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

In order to get the best out of AutoCAD, it is wise to have a good understanding of the coordi-
nate system and how coordinates work. Everything that you draw in AutoCAD will be exact and pre-
cise and will be placed there accurately based on the X,Y coordinate system.
Objectives
1. Describe the Cartesian Coordinate System using Absolute and Relative Coordinates
2. Use absolute, relative and polar method of entering coordinates in AutoCAD
All objects drawn on the screen are placed there based on a simple x, y coordinate system. In
AutoCAD, this is known as World Coordinate System (WCS).
The absolute origin or Zero point in your drawing is where the X and Y axes cross each
other, every entity you draw is located in relation to this origin.
In AutoCAD 2D coordinate system all X units are measured horizontally and all Y units are
measured vertically. Coordinates can also be shown as 'Positive' (+) or 'Negative'(-) values.
Cartesian Coordinate System

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
The Cartesian Coordinate System
To accurately draw an AutoCAD two-dimensional (2D) drawing, coordinate locations must be

entered as XY coordinates. These XY coordinates are based on the Cartesian coordinate system.
The Cartesian coordinate system consists of two numbered lines crossing perpendicular to
one another at their zero values. The horizontal axis is the X – axis and the vertical axis is the Y – axis.
See Figure 1.2. A coordinate value is assigned to each location on the current construction plane.
Each coordinate value consists of a pair of numbers, the first of which is the X – coordinate and the
second is the Y – coordinate. For example, X2, Y4 is a location 2 units to the right and 4 units up from
X0, Y0 or 0,0. The X and Y values are separated by a comma.
AutoCAD Coordinate Entry Methods

Absolute Method: (X,Y)
Absolute Cartesian coordinates specify a point’s
exact distance from the origin point of the coordinate
system, which is represented as (0,0). The absolute X and
Y coordinates are signed numbers.
Relative Method: (@X,Y)

Relative Cartesian coordinates specify a point’s
exact distance from the last point that was entered. For
example, typing @4,2 tells AutoCAD to locate a point that
is four X units and two Y units away from the last point
entered. The X and Y relative coordinates are signed
numbers. Direct distance entry is a shorthand relative
coordinate entry method.
Polar Method: (@Distance<Angle)

Polar coordinates specify a point’s exact location
by a distance and angle from the last point that was en-
tered. The distance is always positive and the angle is
measured from the positive X axis.
For example, typing @4<45 tells AutoCAD to locate a
point that is four units away from the current location
and at an angle of 45° from the horizontal.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided for before each number.
1. From which direction does AutoCAD start measuring angles?

A. 12 o’clock C. 6 o’clock
B. 3 o’clock D. 9 o’clock
2. What does WCS stand for?

A. Western CAD System C. Worldwide Coordinate Sectors
B. World Coordinate System D. Wrong CAD Settings
3. When drawing in 2D, what axis do you NOT work with?

A. X C. Z
B. Y D. WCS
4. Is 300 degrees the same as -60 degrees in a drawing?

A. Yes C. Not always
B. No D. Never
5. Which of the following is NOT a way to enter coordinates in AutoCAD?

A. Absolute C. Approximate
B. Polar D. Relative
37 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: AutoCAD Coordinate Entry Methods

Directions: Open your AutoCAD and do the following absolute, relative and polar coordinate exercises.
Equipment:
Personal Computer
Procedure:
A. Entering Absolute Coordinates
Start the LINE command:
Command line: LINE <enter> or L <enter>
Specify first point: 2,2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 2,7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C (Close)
B. Entering Relative Coordinates
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4,2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3, -4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-3,-2
C. Entering Polar Coordinates
Specify next point or [Undo]: @8<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5<90

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Below are some important skills in AutoCAD Coordinate Systems. Read the skills carefully,
write “YES,” if you can do the task very well and “NO” if you cannot do the task. Write your answers in
your notebook.
Skills in Preparing Computer – Aided Drawing YES NO
I know how to describe the Cartesian Coordinate System using Abso-

lute and Relative Coordinates
I know how to use absolute method of entering coordinates in Auto-

CAD.
I know how to use relative method of entering coordinates in Auto-
CAD.
I know how to use polar method of entering coordinates in AutoCAD.
I know how to draw a line using the line command.
39
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

Layers are key components for organizing AutoCAD drawings. Layers are ways of manag-
ing, tidying, and also controlling the visual layout of a drawing. A whole section of a drawing
can be turned on or off, or simply one aspect can be controlled - text for example. This is all done
by using layers within AutoCAD.
A layer can be thought of as a large piece of clear plastic, as infinitely large as the drawing
area in AutoCAD. When drawing in AutoCAD, everything is drawn on the default layer which is set
current. Only the objects you are drawing are visible on the layer, the layer itself can never be
seen - it is invisible. Each new layer is created by you, the user.
Normally, it is acceptable to have a layer for each different part of a drawing. The layers cre-
ated for a simple house plan could be external walls, internal walls, doors, windows, fittings, text notes,
dimensions etc. The separate lines and shapes representing each part of the house would be arranged
on its relevant layer. Each layer could be assigned its own color so that everything drawn on that layer
to be of the same color.
Note: Layers are controlled by the layer properties manager button which is located on the ob-
ject properties toolbar.
The layer property manager is where all the layers are controlled. The layout above shows a typical
use of layers.
From the layer property manager we can:

Add a New Layer - Press the New button to create a new layer.
Delete a Layer - Press the Delete button to delete the selected layer.
Set Current layer - Press the Current button to set the selected layer current. All objects

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
drawn will then be drawn on this current layer.

Show Details - Press the Show details button to see more detailed information about the se
lected layer.
Each layer also has the following options against it:
Name - Displays the layer name.

On - Controls if the layer is on or off. Select the light bulb to turn the layer
off on the drawing.
Freeze in all VP - Pressing this will freeze the layer in all viewports as well as the cur
rent model view (see lesson 10 to learn about viewports)
Lock - This handy feature locks a layer preventing any content of the layer
from being modified.
Color - Change this to whichever color you like. All objects drawn on the layer
will display the chosen color provided that the objects color setting in
the object properties toolbar (shown above) is set to 'By Layer'.
Linetype - Set the default linetype for all objects drawn on the layer. i.e continu
ous, dashed, dotted etc.
Lineweight - Set the thickness a line appears .Default is no thickness. This option
can be toggled on/off on the display by the LWT button above the com
mand console.
Plot - Select if the layer will be shown when the drawing is plotted (printed).
When a new AutoCAD drawing is created, everything which is drawn appears on the one
default layer, named 0. When creating drawings, the layer 0 shouldn't really be used. New lay-
ers should be set up with names corresponding to the content contained on them.
The color and line style of entities drawn with AutoCAD are generally determined by the
layer on which those objects reside. However, it is possible to override this by specifically defining
these attributes for the objects in the drawing. This is done using the COLOR and LINETYPE
commands. The color of an entity is used to determine which pen will be used when the
drawing is plotted. This means that part of the function of layers can be to determine which pen
is used for drawing on a multi-pen plotter.
CAD Layer Standards
Thickness for pens and plot: 0.10 mm RED (Extension line, Dimension line, Center lins,
Leader line, or Construction lines); 0.20 mm YELLOW; 0.30 mm. GREEN (Hidden line); 0.50 mm.
CYAN (Object line); 0.80 mm BLUE (Cutting-Plane line).
41
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Creating a Layer

Direction: Create the following layer following the given steps.
Materials: Blueprint, CAD Software version 2016
Equipment: Computer Set
1. Click the accentuated button:
2. Click the encircled button:

Create a layer called LAYER1
3. Write the name of the layer in the blue box - note that the text marked with blue automatically
disappears.
4. Press ENTER when you have written the name of the layer.
5. Change the color of the layer.
6. Now create the layers shown in the table below.
7. Specify the right line weight for the layers by clicking in the box Lineweight
Use the weight in the table below.

Description Line Thickness in mm. Color Codes
Object Line 0.50 CYAN
Hidden Line 0.30 GREEN
Center Line 0.10 RED
Cutting Plane Line 0.80 BLUE
42
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
  

1. Did the layers named correctly based on standard?
Did the linetypes and color codes was accurately laid out?

1 2 3 4 5
1. The Layers are added properly and named correctly
2. The color of each layer follows the standard criteria
3. The linetype of layers are distinguished properly
4. The layer are assigned to the object correctly
43
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

This lesson will be a primer on how to move around in your drawing. The more complex your
drawing is, the more you will need to master the power of zooming and panning. Mastering these
techniques will enable you to be more productive in your drawings and life will be better.
One single command will give you the versatility to move around your drawing. This is
the ZOOM command. Another useful command is PAN. These are both quicker than using the scroll
bars on the side of the drawing area, unless you have a very short distance to move your drawing
(and can make your scroll bars obsolete and thereby create more drawing space).
Start the Zoom command by typing Z <ENTER>. When you do this, you will see the following
options on the command line:
Command: Z <ENTER> ZOOM
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>:
Remember that to invoke any option, just type the capital letter of your choice. (e.g.:
type: E <ENTER> for "zoom extents". The default is "Realtime" which you invoke by press-
ing <ENTER>. One by one, here are the options available to you. These icons are available on the View
ribbon under the Navigate Tool Panel.
COMMAND OPTIONS ICONS DESCRIPTIONS
Zoom Extents This option will display all the graphics that are
contained in the drawing (referred to as
the drawing extents) with the largest image possi-
ble.
Zoom Window This option (also a 'hidden' default) prompts the

user to pick two corners of a box on the existing
view in order to enlarge that area to fill the dis-
play.
Zoom Previous This option restores the displayed view prior to

the current one.
Zoom Realtime provides interactive zooming ca-

pability. Pressing <ENTER> (after entering zoom)
Zoom Real time
on the command line automatically places you in
Realtime mode. Hold the left mouse button down
at the midpoint of the drawing and move the cur-
sor vertically to the top (positive direction) of the
window to zoom in up to 100% (2x magnifica-
tion).
44 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Hold the left mouse button down at the midpoint

of the drawing and move the cursor vertically to
the top (positive direction) of the window to zoom
in up to 100% (2x magnification). Hold the left
mouse button down at the midpoint of the draw-
ing and move the cursor vertically to the bottom
(negative direction) of the window to zoom out
to100% (.5x magnification). You cannot zoom out
beyond the extents of the current view.
This option causes AutoCAD to display the whole
drawing as far as its drawing limits or draw-
Zoom All
ing extents (whichever is the greater of the two).
It permits very quick movement around the draw-

ing. Once selected, this option redraws the graph-
ics area of the screen and displays two rectangles.
Zoom Dynamic The larger box shows the extents of the current
drawing. The smaller box shows the current view
with an "X" in the middle. This moves with the
mouse.
This option requires two things: a point that is to
be the center of the new display and a value to be
Zoom Center
its new height in drawing units.
This option asks you to select an object or objects,
then press <ENTER> and the screen will zoom to
Zoom Object
those objects only. This is great for when you want
to work on object.
Clicking this icon will zoom in to the drawing by
about 50%. This option is only available as an icon
Zoom In
and cannot be invoked by the command line.
Similar to 'Zoom In' - this icon will zoom out of

your drawing and allow you to see about 50%
Zoom Out
more of your drawing space.
If you have a scrolling wheel on your mouse, you

can use it to zoom in and out of your drawing.
Mouse Scroll (No Command Icon)
Scroll towards you to zoom out and away from you
to zoom in.
Panning allows you to quickly move around the
drawing area at the same magnification you cur-
Pan
rently have set. Type in PAN (or P) <ENTER> and
a hand will appear on the screen. Left click and
hold to move around your drawing.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided for before each number.
1. To invoke the Zoom command transparently, type:

A. ‘Z C. :Z
B. >Z D. “Z
2. Which is not a valid Zoom option?

A. Zoom Extents C. Zoom Next
B. Zoom Previous D. Zoom Window
3. Panning allows you to...

A. Minimize the drawing
B. See all of the drawing at once

C. Close in on a small area
D. Move around the drawing at the same scale
4. Why should you use the Zoom tools?

A. To be more accurate C. To make your life easier
B. To be faster D. All of the above
5. This option will display all the graphics that are contained in the drawing with the largest im-
age possible.
A. Zoom Extent C. Zoom Window
B. Zoom All D. Zoom Out

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Learning Outcome 2 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Prepare Computer Aided Drawings
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 2.1.1 on Drawing In this information sheet you will understand
Commands what are the different drawing commands and its
uses.
2. Demonstration Perform Task Sheet 2.1.1.1 on how to draw object
using the basic drawing commands
Evaluate your own output using Performance Cri-
teria Checklist 2.1.1.1
3.Read information Sheet 2.1.2 on Modifying In this information sheet you will understand dif-
Commands ferent modifying commands and how to use it.
4.Demonstration Perform Job Sheet 2.1.2.1 on drawing a floor plan

using modifying commands
Evaluate your own output using performance cri-

teria checklist 2.1.2.1
5.Read information Sheet 2.2.1 on Lines and In this information Sheet you will understand
Letterings about lines and letterings
your learning
Compare your answer with Answer Key
2.2.1.1
7.Read Information Sheet 2.2.2 on Dimension- In this information sheet you will understand
ing and Labeling about dimensioning and labeling your drawing.
8. Demonstration Perform Task Sheet 2.2.2.1 on creating dimension
styles
9. Demonstration Perform Task Sheet 2.2.2.2 on creating dimension
styles
7.Read Information Sheet 2.2.3 on Drawing In this information sheet you will understand
Aids and Drafting Settings about drawing aids and drawing settings
8. Demonstration Answer Self-check 2.2.3.1

Evaluate your own answer using answer key
2.2.3.1
47 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

LEARNING OUTCOME No.2
La y -o u t and
pr oduce com put er -
ai ded dr aw i ngs
and det ai l s

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
LEARNING OUTCOME No.2:
Layout and Produce Computer-Aided Draw-

ings and Details
ASSESSMENT CRITERIAS:
1. Working drawings are prepared using CAD system as per building standards
2. Drawings are set up according to standard drawing scale and paper size
Facilities Equipment Materials

ICT/Computer Laboratory Computer hardware CAD software
Printer
Activity Handouts
LCD
Computer Tables & Chairs
Other Computer Accesso-
ries
SOURCES
Esguerra, Julian S. and Molino, Elisa A., Exploratory Drafting for Philippines Secondary
Schools: Co. 1980, Abiva Publishing House, Inc., Quezon City
Namoro, Ma. Theresa A. and Flora, Helen N., Technology and Livelihood Education III Draft-
ing: Co 2004, Eferza Academic Publication, Bagong Pook, Lipa City.
Industrial Drafting Faculty, General Drafting II Handouts: Don Bosco Technical Institute, Makati
Dr. Florida C. Leuterio (1994). Technology and Home Economics, Sampaloc Manila, St. Augustine
Publications, Inc.
Del Rosario, Glenda, Del Rosario, Louie, Cabios, Rozette, Santiago, Joseph (2009). Innovative
Technolgy and Livelihood Eduation for Global Competencies II, Sta. Ana, Manila, Superstar
Style Publishing Inc.
http://www.slideshare.net/hermiraguilar/engineering-drawing-engineering-lettering-lesson-3
49
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

The Draw commands can be used to cre-
ate new objects such as lines and circles. Most
AutoCAD drawings are composed purely and sim-
ply from these basic components. A good under-
standing of the Draw commands is fundamental
to the efficient use of AutoCAD.
The sections below cover the most frequently used Draw commands such as Line, Poly-
line and Circle as well as the more advanced commands like, Multiline and Multiline Style. As a
newcomer to AutoCAD, you may wish to skip the more advanced commands in order to properly
master the basics. You can always return to this tutorial in the future after you have mastered
the basics and become more confident.
In common with most AutoCAD commands, the Draw commands can be started in a
number of ways. Command names or shortcuts can be entered at the keyboard, commands can
be started from the Draw pull-down menu, shown on the right or from the Draw toolbar. The
method you use is dependent upon the type of work you are doing and how experienced a user you
are. Don't worry too much about this, just use whatever method you feel the easiest or the most
convenient at the time. Your drawing technique will improve over time and with experience so
don't expect to be working very quickly at first.
The Line Command

With the Line command you can draw a simple line from one point to an-
other.
Command: LINE or L(enter)
Specify first point: (pick P1)
Specify next point or [Undo]: (pick P2)(can enter actual measure
ment)
Specify next point or [Undo]: [press esc or enter]
The Polyline Command

The Polyline or Pline command is similar to the line command except that the resulting ob-
ject may be composed of a number of segments which form a single object.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Command: PLINE or PL[enter]
Specify start point: (pick P1)

Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: (pick P2)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: (pick P3)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Half width/Length/Undo/Width]: (or C to close)
The Rectangle Command
The Rectangle command is used to draw a rectangle whose sides are vertical and horizontal.
Command: RECTANG or REC[enter]
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/

Width]: (pick P1)
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: (pick P2)
(can enter value of rectangle : example @x,y or @5,3)
The Polygon Command
The Polygon command can be used to draw any regular polygon from 3 sides up to 1024 sides.
It requires the following: Number of sides,Pick point on the center point, option (circumscribed or
inscribed) and value of radius.
Command: POLYGON or POL[enter]
Enter number of sides <4>: 5

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: (pick P1 or type E to define by edge length)
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:

(To accept the inscribed default or type C for circumscribed)
Specify radius of circle: (pick P2 or enter exact radius)
51
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
The Donut Command
This command draws a solid donut shape, actually it's just a closed polyline consisting of two
arc segments which have been given a width. It requires the following: Inside diameter and outside di-
ameter
Command: DONUT or DO[enter]
Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>:

(pick any two points to define a diameter or enter the exact length)
Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>: (pick any two points to define a
diameter or enter the exact length)
Specify center of donut or <exit>: (pick P1)

Specify center of donut or <exit>: [Enter]
The Circle Command
The Circle command is used to draw circles. There are a number of ways you can define the cir-
cle. By default it draw circle form center point.
2P – 2 points circle
3P – 3 points circle
TTR – (tan tan radius) requires a tangent of an object to draw a circle
Command: CIRCLE or C[enter]
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: (pick P1)
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0195>: (pick P2 or enter the exact radius)
The Arc command
The Arc command allows you to draw an arc of a circle

Command: ARC or A[enter]
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: (pick P1)

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: (pick P2)
Specify end point of arc: (pick P3)
Note: It is also possible to create an arc by trimming a circle object

The Ellipse Command
The Ellipse command gives you a number of different creation options whereas the default
option has only three options, that is it picks that is, it picks the two end points of an axis
and then a third point to define the eccentricity of the ellipse. After you have mastered the

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
default option, try out the ellipse command.
Command: ELLIPSE or EL [enter]

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: (pick
P1)
Specify other endpoint of axis: (pick P2)
Specify distance to other axis or
[Rotation]: (pick P3)
The ellipse command can also be used to draw isometric
circles

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Draw using basic drawing commands

Direction: By a group of three (3), Create the object below using the drawing commands,
Open your CAD and draw the object with corresponding layers.
Tools and Materials: Blueprint, Measuring Tools (Triangles/Triangular Scale)

Sample Output:

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Criteria YES NO
1. Did the commands are used and identified correctly?
Did the dimension was accurately laid out?
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Criteria 5 points 3 points 1 points Score
Proficiency Used all the given Used half of the Used 1-2 of the
commands accu- given commands given commands
rately accurately accurately
Layout/ All drawings are Layout was good More than 2
Proportion drawn propor- but 1-2 drawing drawing was not
tionately and lay- were not propor- layout properly
out properly tion
Completeness All of the drawing There are 1-2 More than 2
was drawn drawing was not drawing was not
drawn drawn
Time Manage- Finished the task Finished the task Did not finished
ment 1 minute before on time allotted the task on time
the time allotted

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

AutoCAD drawings are rarely completed simply by drawing lines, circles etc. Most likely you
will need to modify these basic drawing objects in some way or another in order to create the
image you need. AutoCAD provides a whole range of modify tools such as Move, Copy, Rotate and
Mirror.
The Erase Command
The Erase command is one of the simplest AutoCAD commands and is one of the most used. The
command erases (deletes) any selected object(s) from the drawing. Remember you can always
get deleted objects back by typing U to undo, from the Standard toolbar or by using the OOPS com-
mand.
Command: ERASE or E[enter]
Select objects: (pick an object to erase)

Select objects: (to end the selection and erase the object)
The Copy Command
The Copy command can be used to create one or more duplicates of any drawing object or objects
which you have previously created. Copy is a very useful and time-saving command because
you can create very complex drawing elements and then simply copy them as many times as you
like.
Command: COPY or CO[enter]
Select objects: (pick object to copy, P1)

Select objects: (to end selection)

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: (pick P2 or M for multiple

copies)
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:
(pick P3)
The multiple option allows you to create additional copies of the selected
object(s) by picking as many new points as you like. To end a multiple copy,
just hit the key.
The Mirror Command
The Mirror command allows you to mirror selected objects in your drawing by picking them
and then defining the position of an imaginary mirror line using two points.
Command: MIRROR or MI[enter]
Select objects: (pick object to mirror, P1)

Specify first point of mirror line: (pick P2)
Specify second point of mirror line: (pick P3)
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: (for No to keep the original object)
The Offset Command
Offset is probably one of the most useful commands for constructing drawings. The Offset com-
mand creates a new object parallel to or concentric with a selected object. The new object is
drawn at a user defined distance (the offset) from the original and in a direction chosen by the
user with a pick point. You can offset lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, 2D polylines, xlines, rays and
planar splines.
57 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Command: OFFSET or O[enter]
Specify offset distance or [Through] <1.0000>: 10 (specify distance)

Select object to offset or <exit>: (select object, P1)
Specify point on side to offset: (pick direction, P2)
Select object to offset or <exit>: (to end or select another object to offset)
The Move Command
The Move command works in a similar way to the Copy command except that no copy is made, the
selected object(s) is simply moved from one location to another.
Command: MOVE or M [enter]
Select objects: (pick object to move, P1)

Specify base point or displacement: (pick P2)
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: (pick P3)
Note: The Copy command, the two pick points, P2 and P3 are used only to indicate the distance and
direction of movement.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
The Rotate Command
The Rotate command allows an object or objects to be rotated about a point selected by the user.
Command: ROTATE or RO[enter]
Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0

Select objects: (pick object to rotate, P1)
Specify base point: (pick base point, P2)
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (pick second point, P3 or enter angle)
Remember, by default, AutoCAD angles start at 3 o'clock and increase in an anti-clockwise di-
rection. The "ANGDIR" and "ANGBASE" variables remind you of this. If you want to rotate in a
clockwise direction you can enter a negative angle by using a minus sign.
Note: You can change the angle direction and the base angle using the Units command, Format
Units… from the pull-down menu. Click the "Clockwise" check box to change the direction and click the
"Direction…" button to set the base angle.
The Scale Command
The Scale command can be used to change the size of an object or group of objects. You are
prompted for a pick point about which the selection set will be scaled. Scaling can then be com-
pleted by picking a second point (not always easy because it can sometimes be difficult to pre-
cisely control the scaling) or by entering a scale factor at the keyboard. For example a scale fac-
tor of 2 will double the size of the objects in the selection set and a factor of 0.5 will reduce them
into half.
Command: SCALE or SC [enter]
Select objects: (pick objects to be scaled, P1)

Specify base point: (pick base point, P2)

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
As shown above, the original tree symbol has been enlarged by dynamically scaling
it using pick points to determine the change in scale. If you want to scale an object precisely, it is
much easier to enter a scale factor using the keyboard.
The Stretch Command
The Stretch command can be used to move one or more vertices of an object while leaving
the rest of the object unchanged. In the example below, a rectangle has been stretched by moving
one vertex to create an irregular shape.
Command: STRETCH or S [enter]
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...

Select objects: (pick first point of crossing window)
Specify opposite corner: (pick second point of window)
Specify base point or displacement: (pick base point)

Specify second point of displacement: (pick second point)
Note: To select vertices to stretch, you must use a crossing window or polygon.
The Trim Command
The Trim command can be used to trim a part of an object. In order to trim an object you
must draw a second object which forms the "cutting edge". Cutting edges can be lines, xlines,
rays, polylines, circles, arcs or ellipses. Blocks and text cannot be trimmed or used as

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
cutting edges.
Command: TRIM or TR [enter]
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None

Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: (select the cutting edge, P1)
Select objects: (to end cutting edge selection)
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:

(pick the part of the square which you want to trim, P2)
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:
(pick the circle, P3)
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: (to end)
Note: Notice that at each trimming step you are given the option to undo the previous
trim. This can be very useful if you inadvertently pick the wrong object.
The Chamfer Command
The Chamfer command enables you to create a chamfer between any two non-parallel lines as
in the illustration below or any two adjacent polyline segments. Usually, the Chamfer com-
mand is used to set the chamfer distances before drawing the chamfer. Follow the command
sequence below where the chamfer distances are changed to 20 before the chamfer is made.
Command: CHAMFER or CHA [enter]
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 10.0000, Dist2 = 10.0000

Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: D (to set distances)
Specify first chamfer distance <10.0000>: 20 (enter required distance)
Specify second chamfer distance <20.0000>:

(first distance value or enter a different value)
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: (pick P1)
Select second line: (pick P2)
61
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
The chamfer is made and the command ends.
Note: Notice from the command sequence that there are a number of options which can be used to
control the way the Chamfer command behaves.
The Fillet Command
The Fillet command is a very useful tool which allows you to draw an arc between two intersect-
ing lines or adjacent polyline segments. You need first to use the command to set the required
radius and then a second time to select the
two lines.
Command: FILLET or F [enter]
Current settings: Mode = TRIM,

Radius = 10.0000
Select first object or

[Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R
Specify fillet radius <10.000>: 25
Select first object or
[Polyline/Radius/Trim]: (pick P1)
Select second object: (pick P2)

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Draw using modifying commands

Directions:
The class will be divided into five groups. Each group has their own respective leader. The group
will create a simple architectural floor plan using the following commands:
Polyline Offset Line Fillet Chamfer
Erase Trim Circle Arc Ellipse
Explode Extend Scale
The Final Output will be plotted on an A4 size bond paper for compilation
Materials:
Blueprint, CAD Software version 2016
Equipment:
Computer Set
Sample Output:

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Criteria YES NO
Was the output is accurately done and plotted?
Did the dimension was accurately laid out?


1 2 3 4 5
1. The students clearly identified the correct command to use in the activity
2. The students utilized actual tools/device in performing the activity
3. The floor plan is accurately done
4. The activity gave more critical thinking skills to the students
5. The students cooperatively performed in the activity.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

Alphabet of lines is a set of line symbols used in the interpretation of technical
drawings. These drawings can either be a plan for any structure: a house, a building or even bridges. A
good draftsman draws these lines skillfully to render the plan readable to technical persons.
The alphabet of lines are drawn in varying thickness or fineness. The desired
“width” could be achieved by using the appropriate pencil grades or point of technical pen. The
usual pencil type used for making thick lines is a B pencil. For executing projection and di-
mension lines, which should be drawn very lightly, a 2H pencil is used. For making contours of object,
HB and F pencil grades are best.
Sign pens and technical pens are also used for drawing lines. These, too, could produce lines
of various thickness depending on the point used. Most common points are 0.3 or 0.4 for medium
line thickness, 0.2 or 0.1 for thin lines and 0.5 for thick lines.
The alphabet of lines consists of the following:

1. Object/Visible line – used to show the main outline of the object.
2. Hidden line – used to show areas that are not visible on the surface but exist behind the
plane of projection.
3. Center line – used to denote the center of symmetrical objects.
4. Phantom line – used to indicate the alternate position of moving parts, adjacent position or
reflected parts and repeated details.
5. Dimension line – used upon which object dimensions are placed.
6. Extension line – used to determine the limit of the dimension line.
7. Cutting plane line – used to denote area to be sectioned.
8. Short break line – used when areas cannot be drawn entirely.
9. Long break line – used when areas cannot be drawn entirely.
10. Leader line – used to connect a note or dimension to parts of an object.

11. Section line – used to show surfaces that have been cut in the section view.
12. Construction line – very light line used as a guide to block in the object. It also serve as
base for darkening permanent line

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1


LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Complete the table of the symbols, alphabet of lines, and Pencil type of
the illustration below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
67 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

Metric Units in Model space and Paper space:
Model space: 1 unit = 1000 millimeter
Paper space: 1 unit = 1000 millimeter
Your title block should be sized in accordance with millimeters. For example, an E size
sheet is about 43" x 33". That same sheet in metric will be 1092.20 mm x 838.20 mm (There are
25.4 mm in one inch). So in paper space, your E size sheet will be 1092.20 units x 838.20 units.
Scaling the viewports

A common metric scale is 1:1000. That means 1meter on paper = 1000 millimeters in the
model space drawing. Supposing, you want to scale your drawing into 1:100, so your input or
syntax in the command line would be 1/100xp.
Zooming scales for common metric scales:
Scale Zooming Scale
1:100 100xp
1:200 200xp
1:250 250xp
1:500 500xp
1:1000 1000xp
1:2000 2000xp
1:10000 10000xp
Then when you plot, you will still be plotting 1 to 1 or 1 drawing unit = 1 mm.
Dimscale for different metric scales:
Scale Dim Scale
1:100 .1
1:200 .2
1:250 .25
1:500 .5
1:1000 1
1:2000 2
1:10000 10
All the dimensioning variables should be sized in terms of millimeters. If you want your arrow
size to be 4 mm on paper, set that variable to 4.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Text Style to Assign to Dimensions
This text style will not need to be "Annotative," but it will be compressed hori-
zontally in order to facilitate placing dimension numbers between extension lines. It will also
give dimension text a distinctive look so they will not be confused with notes.
Create Dimension Text Style
1. On the Annotate tab, click the dialog Box Launcher of the Text panel.
2. Click New.
3. Set Style Name to “DIMENSIONS”, then click OK
4. Set the following properties:
• Font Name: Stylus BT
• Height : 0
• Width Factor: 0.75
5. Click Apply, then Close.
Create Title Text Style
1. On the Annotate tab, click the Dialog Box Launcher of the Text panel.
2. Click New.
3. Set Style Name to “Title”, then click OK
4. Set the following Properties:

• Font Name: Stylus BT
• Height : 0
• Width Factor: 1
5. Click Apply, then Close.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Set up the Status Bar
The Status Bar is at the bottom of the screen on the left side and displays ten pictorial
icons representing drawing status settings. If you prefer, you can turn the pictorial icons to words
to help remember what they stand for. To do this, right-click one of the buttons and turn off "Use
Icons." If you don’t want to see a particular button in the Status Bar, you can make it invisi-
ble by right clicking on any button and select the "Display" command, then uncheck the ones you
don't want to appear.
Set the Status Bar buttons to the following settings - buttons that have been pushed in are
turned on and turned light blue color.
Turn On (turns icon in light blue) only the following buttons on the Status Bar, Turn off
all the rest (grayed icons):
 Polar Tracking
 Object Snap
Set the following Object Snap functions
Right click on the Object Snap button in the Status Bar and select “Settings…”
a. Endpoint
b. Midpoint
c. Center
d. Node
e. Quadrant
f. Intersection
g. Perpendicular
h. Nearest

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Create Dimension Style

Direction: Following the steps below create the dimension style based on standard.
Materials: none
Procedures:
1. DDIM Dialog BoxStart but invoking the DDIM command and press the NEW button to open
the small dialog for entering the name of the style you are creating. In this example use the
name "DIMSTYLE 1".
2. New Dimstyle—Make sure that "Start with" has "Standard" as its setting. Press the Continue
Button when everything is set. This will open the dialog box for settings, so just press OK to
close it for now.
3. Back at the "Dimension Style Manager" dialog box, you will see that the new style you cre-
ated is listed at the top (left side). To modify it,
select the name, then press the modify button. The dialog box opens and click on the second tab
4. Symbols and Arrows— For example, you could end up with huge arrows and small text. For
the purposes of this lesson, the only thing that will change on this tab is the arrowheads. Select
something other than the standard. You'll also see that you can set the colors, but just like regu-
lar objects, it is best to leave them set to "Bylayer" - and make sure you have a separate layer for all
dimensions.
5. Go to the third tab Text.
6. Start up the Text Styles dialog box by pressing the button with the next to the text name.
Create a new textstyle using Romans and a width of 0.8 and call it "DIMTEXT".
7. Close the Text Styles dialog box. Select DIMTEXT as your text for dimensions as shown.
8. Click on the next tab to continue.
9. Click on the next tab (Primary Units) to continue.

10. In the Primary Units, you find some of the more common parameters that need to be
changed. Precision is very important. 3 Decimal places is usually enough.
71
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Criteria YES NO
Did the dimension styles was accurately laid out?


Scoring
Performance Criteria
1 2 3 4 5
1. The students clearly identified the correct command to use in the activity
2. The students utilized actual tools/device in performing the activity
3. The dimension style was properly change and set
4. The activity gave more critical thinking skills to the students
5. The students cooperatively performed in the activity.
72
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Title: Creating Text Styles

Directions: Create the following Text Styles
Materials: none
Procedures:
Multiline Text:
1. Type MT command and press enter key.
2. On the workspace, pick the first point and the second point that will serve as the text box.
3. Set the height of the text…say 200
4. Type the desired text… say plan
5. Close text editor
6. Apply zoom extends command by pressing Z (enter key) E (enter key)
73
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1

Objectives
1.Use the Grid display and Snap mode drawing aids to locate points quickly and precisely.
2.Draw orthogonally using the Ortho mode drawing aid
3.Draw at angles using the Polar Tracking drawing aid
4.Use basic object snaps to locate points precisely relative to existing objects
5.Defer object snaps to locate complex points
6.Locate points relative to multiple objects by using the Object Snap Tracking Auto Track
ing feature to display multiple intersecting alignment path tracking vectors
7.Control dynamic input settings
Drawing aids are toggles that can be turned on and off as needed by clicking on the appropri-
ate Status Bar buttons located at the bottom of the AutoCAD display window.
Drawing aid buttons that are on appear “pushed in” with a shadow on the top and left like the
Grid button. Drawing aid buttons that are off appear raised with a shadow on the bottom and right
like all the other buttons in the figure.
Drawing aids can also be turned on and off using the function keys at the top of your keyboard
or they can be typed in at the AutoCAD command line.
Here are the different drafting aids and settings that you will work with when using AutoCAD:
74 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Grid Display. The Grid display Is a rectangular pattern of evenly –

spaced dots you can turn on in your drawing to help you visually
locate points. It is similar to using a sheet of graphing paper when
drawing with pencil and paper, except that you can control the dis-
tance between the dots and can change them at any time using the
Drafting settings dialog box. The grid display does not plot and is provided strictly as a visual aid.
The grid display does not affect the cursor movement – this feature is controlled by the snap
mode.
Snap Mode. The snap mode drawing aid controls the movement of
your cursor so that you can only select points in your drawing at
specific x and y increments. It is typically used with the Grid Dis-
play. The grid display provides the visual reference, whereas the
snap mode forces you pick points to be located at specific coordi-
nate locations.
Ortho Mode. The Ortho mode drawing aid restricts your cursor move-
ment to the horizontal (X) and vertical (y) axes so you can quickly
draw horizontal and vertical lines at right angles (90°) to each
other. Drawing with Ortho mode turned on allows you to draw
rectangular objects quickly and be assured that all the angles are
square
Polar Tracking. The polar tracking drawing aid utilizes AutoTracking

so you can quickly draw and modify objects using preset polar an-
gles. Polar tracking words by displaying a dashed alignment path
and a Polar tooltip as you move your cursor around in a drawing
that temporarily restricts your cursor movement to preset angle increments.
Object Snaps. Object Snaps or OSNAPS as they are sometimes called, are among the most essential
features available in AutoCAD. Object snaps allow your cursor to snap to exact locations relative
to existing objects in your drawing so that you can locate points precisely when you are drawing
or editing.
75 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Object Snap Tracking. Use object snap tracking (OTRACK) to track

along alignment paths that are based on object snap points. Ac-
quired points display a small plus sign (+). After you acquire a
point, horizontal, vertical, or polar alignment paths relative to the
point are displayed as you move the cursor over their drawing
paths. For example, you can select a point along a path based on an object endpoint or midpoint
or an intersection between objects.
Dynamic Input. Dynamic Input provides a command line interface at

your crosshair. It also provides for user entry to input like the
length of a line or the radius of a circle. DYN can be toggled by us-
ing F12 or by clicking on the DYN icon in the status bar. It is im-
portant to know that in Settings for DYN (right-click on DYN
icon) you can tweak the interface to suit your needs. For example, you may not want see com-
mands at the crosshair but you still want to change the angle of a line.
Show/Hide Lineweight. Lineweights can be turned on and off in a

drawing, and are displayed differently in model space than in a pa-
per space layout.
76
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
Direction: Complete the table below by providing the keyboard and function com-
mand of the given drafting aids.
DRAFTING AIDS SHORTCUT COMMAND

KEYBOARD FUNCTION KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
77 
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
6. Leader Line
ANSWER KEY 1.2.1.1
7.
1.Hard Disk Drive
2.CD ROM 8. Cutting Plane Line
9. Short Break Line
3.Optical Mouse
10.
4.AutoCAD 2014
5.Plotter ANSWER KEY 2.2.3.1
ANSWER KEY 1.2.2.1
1.E 1. OSNAP F3
2. POLAR F10
2.C 3. GRID F7
3.D 4. ORTHO F8
5. SNAP F9
4.A
5.B
ANSWER KEY 1.2.3.1
1.B
2.B
3.C
4.A
5.C
ANSWER KEY 1.2.5.1

1.C
2.C
3.D
4.D
5.A
ANSWER KEY 2.2.1.1

1. Visible Lines
2. 2H
3. Center Line
4. 2H
5.

LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1
79
LEARNING
OUTCOME No.1


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Preparing Computer Aided Drawing

LIMIT OF LIABILITY/ DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

Cover design by Cathlyn Jarin

Layout by Reinze L. Vito

Preparing Computer Aided Drawing is your guide aligned with Competency-Based

RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL)

Preparing Computer Aided Drawing . . . . . 1

A Module for Preparing Computer Aided Drawing . . . 3-4

Prepare Tools and Materials . . . . . . 12-13

Information Sheet 1.1.1 . . . . . . 14-15

Task Sheet 1.1.1.1 . . . . . . . 17

Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 18

Operation Sheet 1.1.1.2 . . . . . . 19

Information Sheet 1.2.1. . . . . . . 22-26

Information Sheet 1.2.2 . . . . . . 28-29

Self Check 1.2.2.1 . . . . . . . 34

Information Sheet 1.2.3 . . . . . . 35-36

Self Check 1.2.3.1 . . . . . . . 37

Task Sheet 1.2.3 . . . . . . . 38

Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 39

Information Sheet 1.2.4 . . . . . . 41

Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 43

Information Sheet 1.2.3 . . . . . . 44-45

Self Check 1.2.5.1. . . . . . . . 46

Information Sheet 1.2.3 . . . . . . 50-53

Task Sheet 2.1.1.1 . . . . . . . 54

Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 55

Information Sheet 2.1.2 . . . . . . 56-62

Job Sheet 2.1.2.1 . . . . . . . 63

Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 64

Information Sheet 2..1.2 . . . . . . 65

Information Sheet 2.2.2 . . . . . . 68-70

Task Sheet 2.1.1.1 . . . . . . . 71

Performance Criteria Checklist . . . . . 72

Task Sheet 2.2.2.2 . . . . . . . 73

Information Sheet . . . . . . . 74-76

Program/Course : Technical Drafting NC II

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LO 2 Lay-out and produce computer-aided drawings and details

8. Demonstration Answer Self-Check 1.2.3.1

8. Demonstration Perform Operation Sheet 1.2.4.1 on creating

8. Demonstration Answer Self-Check 1.2.5.1

Program/Course : Technical Drafting NC II

LEARNING OUTCOME No.1

LEARNING OUTCOME No.1:

Prepare tools and materials and set-up

Tools Equipment Materials

Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment

2. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique

3. Drawing Pencil - one of the most important tools of a draftsman

4. Erasing shield - a thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil

5. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.

6. Triangular Scale - a tool used to enlarge or reduce measurement

7. French curve - a flat drafting instrument with curved edges and

8. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener – shapes long pencil lead into a

conical shape points.

9. Compass - used to draw arcs and circles.

12. Templates - a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols which is

14. Divider - an instrument used when transferring measurements, divid

3. Eraser - used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines

3. Drafting machine - a high technology machine for drawing purposes.

For Right-handed For Left-handed

Proper use of T-Square

Trainee’s Name: _________________________________________________Date:

Trainee’s Name: _________________________________________________Date:

Trainee’s Name: _________________________________________________Date:

Trainee’s Name: _________________________________________________Date: