ANTHROPOLOGY

Mamangon, Louis Marisse N.

Juan Carlo Martinez
Jhoanne Masangkay

GROUP 1
BSMLS 2B
 ANTHROPOLOGY
• Is the scientific study of the origins of
humans, how we have changed over the
years, and how we relate to each other,
both within our own culture and with
people from other cultures.
• Anthropology is Arts and Science.

The term originates from two words in

Greek:
• Anthropos meaning “man” as in
“human being”
• logos meaning “study”.
KEY CONCEPTS

 Society and Culture

- Culture and society are intricately related. A culture consists of
the “objects” of a society, whereas a society consists of the
people who share a common culture. When the
terms culture and society first acquired their current meanings,
most people in the world worked and lived in small groups in the
same locale
 Evolution
- Most anthropologists also believe that an evolution is the natural
process by which new and more complex organisms develop
over time.
There are four main subdivisions
(areas) in the study of Anthropology:

Physical Anthropology

Archeology

Cultural Anthropology

Linguistic Anthropology
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Biological anthropology, also known as physical
anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned
with thebiological and behavioral aspects of
human beings, their related non-human
primates and their extinct hominin ancestors.

Physical anthropologists focus on the evolution

of human anatomy and physiology, rather than
culture.
 Archaeology

• Archaeology is the study of the ancient and recent human past

through material remains. It is a subfield of anthropology, the study
of all human culture
• Archaeology offers a unique perspective on human history and
culture.
 Cultural Anthropology

Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on

the study of cultural variation among humans and is in
contrast to social anthrology which perceives cultural
variation as a subset of the anthropological constant.

Cultural anthropologists study such topics as how people

make their living, how people interact with each other, what
beliefs people hold, and what institution organize people in
the society
 Linguistic Anthropology

It seeks to understand human language, written and non-

written, spoken and non-verbal. The study of how languages
change over time is termed historical linguistics.

Explores how language shapes communication, forms social

identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural
beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural
representation of natural and social worlds.
OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES

 Sociology – anthropology involves the study of human society and

culture.

 Human Psychology – anthropology also examines certain aspects of

human psychology. Anthropology studies how people become

enculturated – shaped by their culture as they grow up in a particular

society.

 History – the term history refers only to periods of time after the

invention of writing. Anthropologist often study historical documents to

learn more about the past of living people.

 Economics and Political – anthropologist focus on how aspects of

ecomics and politics relate to other aspects of culture, such as important

HISTORY
 Beginnings of Modern Anthropology

Evolutionary Theory

The theory of evolution by natural selection,

first formulated in Darwin's book "On the
Origin of Species" in 1859, is the process by
which organisms change over time as a result
of changes in heritable physical or behavioral
traits. Changes that allow an organism to
better adapt to its environment will help it Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS
FZS was an English naturalist and
survive and have more offspring. geologist, best known for his
contributions to the science of
evolution
 Anthropological Evolutionary Theories
Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 1832
– 2 January 1917) was an
English anthropologists, the founder
of cultural anthropology.
Tylor is representative of cultural
evolutionism. In his works Primitive
Culture and Anthropology, he defined
the context of the scientific study of
anthropology, based on the
evolutionary theories of Charles Lyell.
He believed that there was a
functional basis for the development
of society and religion, which he
determined was universal.
NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY
AND RESEARCH
THE INFLUENCE OF BOAS
FRANZ BOAS
BORN: 9-JUL-1858, BIRTHPLACE: MINDEN, GERMANY, DIED: 22-DEC-1942

 Studied and widely collected

information on race, linguistics, art,
dance, and archaeology.

 From these studies he developed his

theory of relativism, debunking the
prevailing beliefs that Western
Civilization is superior to less
complex societies.
 MARGARET MEAD
BORN: DECEMBER 16, 1901 , BIRTHPLACE: PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, DIED:
NOVEMBER 15, 1978

 Proposed that culture and gender roles play

just as strong a role as biology in influencing
adolescent behavior—
 Much of her research was completed via
participation/observation in Samoa and New
Guinea
 published Coming of Age in Samoa
 presented the idea that the individual experience of
developmental stages could be shaped by cultural
demands and expectations
Functionalism
Emile Durkheim

One of the fathers of sociology, utilized

scientific methods to approach the
study of society and social groups. His
work influenced the school of
anthropology known as functionalism.
Durkheim believed that individuals
should be considered within the context
of the society in which they live.
STRUCTURALISM

Claude Levi-Strauss
French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss
based his understanding of culture on studies
of people’s languages and recurring patterns
of thought and behavior. His cultural theories
are associated with the anthropological
movement known as structuralism.
CULTURAL MATERIALISM AND CULTURAL ECOLOGY

 In the 1960s, American anthropologists

such as Julian Steward, Roy Rappaport,
Marvin Harris began to study how
culture and social institutions relate to
a people’s technology, economy, and Julian Steward Roy Rappaport
natural environment. All of these
factors together define a people’s
patterns of substinence-how they feed,
clothe, shelter, and otherwise provide
for themselves Marvin Harris
SYMBOLIC ANTHROPOLOGY

 In the 1970s many anthropologists,

including American ethnologist
Clifford Geertz and British
Clifford Geertz
ethnologists Victor Turner, moved
away from ecological and economic
explanations of people’s cultures.
Instead, these anthropologists looked
for the meanings of particular cultural
symbols snd rituals within cultures Victor Turner

themselves, an approach known as

REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_anthropology

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/anthropology

https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/courses-
listing/archaeology-and-anthropology?wssl=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_anthropology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_anthropology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_anthropology

http://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Anthropology/notes/r
elationships-with-other-disciplines.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMFsgPy1H5M

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_anthropology