VTU PG CENTRE KALABURAGI

Design Data Handbook

For
FRACTURE MECHANICS
IV Semester M-Tech

DEPARTMENT OF MACHINE DESIGN

2016-2017
I-In plane crack tip stresses:

Stress intensity factor(K):

Condition for crack growth:

Griffith Criterion: Stress intensity factor:

Crack growth propagation:

II-Airy’s stress function:- Airy’s Stress function(ψ):
Equilibrium equations (plane case):

Stress-strain relations:

Complex functions:

Cauchy-Reimann conditions: C-R equation:

Stresses at crack tip:

Westergaard function:

Stress function for Mode-I crack under biaxial stress:

and
Stresses at crack tip;

Modified stress function: Stresses:

Displacements:

Or , Mode-III

General Solution:

Weastergaard, Irwin,Koiter (infinte plate):

Fig 3.4 Stresses on the edges of strip cut

from infinite plate with collinear cracks.
Fedderson, Isida, Irwin finite width corrections: SIF for small edge crack:

Special Cases:

SIF for internal pressure: For central located wedge force(x=0):

Modified SIF :

General soln for eccentrical point force(Green’s soln): Reduced SIF:

Elliptical Cracks(from table 3.1):

Plastic Zone Correction Factor:

Max SIF:

Flaw shape parameter:

Max SIF for surface flaw:

Fig 3.13- Kobayashi correction (Mk) for proximity of
front free-surface
 3.14 Stress intensity for surface flaws tension & bending
Mode-I Stresses:

Stresses (polar co-ordinates): Principal stress:

Mode-II Crack opening displacement:

III-Crack Tip Plastic Zone:
Irwin plastic zone Correction:

Crack tip opening Displacement:

Area A=B:
Dugdale Approach: SIF for S distributed force:

s=a to a+ρ
The value ρ is:

Shape of Plastic zone:

By Von-Mises criterion

Crack tip Stress field Equations:

Tresca Criterion:
Plastic constraint factor: Plastic zone correction:

COD(x=0):

Thickness Effect:
V-Energy Principle:
Condition for crack growth (plate with unit thickness)

Elastic Energy(cracked plate):

Energy release rate:

Energy released as work: Criterion for crack growth:

Energies from different mode: Critical stress:

for plane strain case

R-CURVE:
 From graph:

Irwin correction: Alternative R- curves:

COMLIANCE: Relation b/w G & K:

where
Relative Displacement:

Compliance of specimen:

Energy release rate interms of compliance:

SIF:
 Fig 5.20 Load displacement diagram for cracked
body of nonlinear elastic material
J-INTEGRAL:
J-integral around crack tip contour:
for linear elastic case

For non-linear elastic

Fig 5.22 constant Jic for centre cracked specimens [23]

(courtesy ASTM)
Tearing modulus: For Stable crack growth: Stability:

fracture instablity occurs

Paris Dimensionless form;
`
VII- Dynamics & Crack Arrest:
Crack tip subjected to displacements u & v :

Speed of displacement:

Resulting Kinetic enrgy:

Crack growth rate:

Fig 6.5 Tensile stress & shear stress as fun of θ, as affected by crack speed
Crack Branching The Principle of crack arrest:
IV- Chapter 2. Numerical Method [fem]:
1. Analytical solution: a. Direct Method:
i. Using Airy’s stress function:

ii. Method of Conformal Mapping

b. Indirect method: Compliance

3. Experimental method: iii. Compliance Method:

i. Based on photo elasticity:

ii. Strain Gauge method:

ASTM Test Standard:

Bend Specimen: B = 0.25 W to W; Span (S) = 4W
For 0.45 < (a/w) < 0.55

For 0.2 < (a/w) < 1

Tension Specimen: a = 0.45-0.55W ; B = 0.25W to 0.5W
For 0.45 < (a/w) < 0.55

For 0.2 < (a/w) < 1

II Estimation of stress intensity factor:

 Size Requirement:
Bmin = 2.5 (KIC/δy)2
W= 2a, 2B= W
L = 1.2W Compact tension
L = 4W Bend Specimen

Non-Linearity:
 and
VI- Chapter

Crack tip opening displacement:

Experimental CTOD:
Experimental CTOD:

Veerman & Muller equation

Parameters Affecting Critical CTOD:

Relation b/w J-integral & CTOD: