DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR.......................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR ......................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... viii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..............................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang ..............................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .........................................................................3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................4
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .....................................................................5
2.1 Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) ................................5
2.1.1 Klasifikasi dan Morfologi Tanaman ................................6
2.1.2 Kandungan Kimia dan Efek Farmakologi Sambiloto ......7
2.2 Andrographolide ...........................................................................9
2.3 Solid Lipid Nanopartikel (SLN) .................................................10
2.4 Bahan Penyusun Solid Lipid Nanopartikel .................................12
2.4.1 Lipid ...............................................................................12
2.4.2 Surfaktan ........................................................................12
2.5 Komponen Pembuat Solid Lipid Nanopartikel ...........................13
2.5.1 Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO).............................................13
2.5.2 Tween 80 ........................................................................14
2.5.3 Propilen glikol (PEG) ....................................................15
2.6 Teknik preparasi Nanopartikel dalam Bentuk Lipid Padat .........19
2.6.1 Homogenisasi Tekanan Tinggi ......................................19
2.6.1.1 Homogenisasi Panas ........................................19
2.6.1.2 Homogenisasi Dingin ......................................20
2.6.2 Emulsifikasi-Evaporasi Pelarut ......................................20
2.6.3 Emulsi Ganda .................................................................20
2.6.4 Homogenisasi Kecepatan Tinggi dan Ultrasonikasi ......21
2.7 Karakterisasi Solid Lipid Nanopartikel ......................................21
2.7.1 Diameter, Distribusi Ukuran Partikel, dan Zeta
Potensial .........................................................................21
2.7.2 Morfologi Partikel ..........................................................23
2.7.3 Efisiensi Penjerapan .......................................................25
2.7.4 Stabilitas Solid Lipid Nanopartikel ................................26
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .......................................................28
3.1 Waktu dan Tempat ......................................................................28
3.2 Alat dan Bahan............................................................................28
3.2.1 Alat .................................................................................28
3.2.2 Bahan .............................................................................28
3.3 Metode Penelitian .......................................................................29

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 3.3.1 Determinasi Herba Sambiloto ........................................29
3.3.2 Preparasi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Herba Sambiloto .........29
3.3.3 Identifikasi Andrographolide Menggunakan KLT ........30
3.3.4 Penetapan Kadar Andrographolide Menggunakan
High- Performance Lipid Chromatography (HPLC) ....30
3.3.4.1 Pembuatan Kurva Spektrum Absorpsi
Andrographolide ..............................................30
3.3.4.2 Pembuatan Kurva Kalibrasi .............................30
3.3.4.3 Penetapan Kadar Andrographolide dalam
Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Herba Sambiloto ...........31
3.4 Formula .......................................................................................31
3.5 Preparasi Nanopartikel ................................................................32
3.6 Karakterisasi Solid Lipid Nanopartikel ......................................32
3.6.1 Penentuan Diameter, Distribusi Ukuran Partikel, dan Zeta
Potensial .........................................................................32
3.6.2 Pemeriksaan Morfologi Partikel ....................................33
3.6.3 Efisiensi Penjerapan .......................................................33
3.6.4 Uji Stabilitas Fisik..........................................................33
3.6.4.1 Metode Cycling Test ........................................33
3.6.4.2 Uji Mekanik (Sentrifugasi) ..............................34
3.7 Analisa Data ................................................................................34

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................35

LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................................43

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 1. Monografi bahan solid lipid nanopartikel ekstrak terpurifikasi herba

sambiloto ............................................................................................. 17
Tabel 1. Formula SLN ekstrak terpurifikasi herba sambiloto........................... 31

DAFTAR GAMBAR

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 Halaman
Gambar 1. Sambiloto 5
Gambar 2. Struktur (a) andrographolide, (b) deoxyandrographolide, (c)
neoandrographolide, (d) 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, (e)
isoandrographolide ...................................................................................... 8
Gambar 3. Solid Lipid Nanopartikel (SLN) ..................................................................... 11
Gambar 4. Asam Laurat ...................................................................................14
Gambar 5. Tween 80 ........................................................................................15
Gambar 6. Propilen glikol .............................................................................................. 16

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

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 Halaman
Lampiran 1. Skema Kerja Umum .................................................................................... 43
Lampiran 2. Skema Kerja Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Herba Sambiloto .................................. 44
Lampiran 3. Skema Kerja Pembuatan Nanopartikel Lipid Padat .....................45

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