Zohra Sajjad Thesis

“ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN PROMOTING
VIOLENT BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUTH”
A thesis Submitted to
In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree Of

M.Sc in Sociology
BY
ZOHRA SAJJAD
MSOF14M003
SESSION: 2014-16
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
PAKISTAN
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DEDICATION
Dedicate
To
My parents
Specially my father
And
My Group Friends
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DECLARATION
I, Zohra Sajjad hereby declare that the matter printed in this thesis is my original work
and has been carried out under the supervision of Dr.Babak Mahmood, Assistant
Professor Department of Sociology, University of the Sargodha, and Sargodha to the best
of my knowledge. This thesis doesn’t contain any material that has been submitted for the
award of any other degree in any other University neither does this thesis contain any
material published or written previously by any other person except in the text for which
due reference are given.
Zohra Sajjad
Date:
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APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
We, the members of evaluation committee certified that the contents and format of the thesis
entitled “Role of electronic media in promoting violent behavior among youth” Submitted by
Zohra Sajjad Roll NO: MSOF14M003 have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be
proceed for the award of the Degree of MSC in Sociology.
_________________
Dr. Babak Mahmood
Supervisor
___________________
Prof.Dr. Ghulam Yasin
Chairman
Department of Sociology
University of Sargodha
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Chapter No LIST OF CONTENT Page No.
Chapter-1: INTRODUCTION 13
1.1. Significance of the study 15
1.2. Objective 16
1.3. Conceptual framework 17
Chapter-2: Literature review 18
2.1. Media Theories 19
2.2. Hypodermic Theory 19
2.3. Modeling Process 20
2.4. Short-term Change 21
2.5. Long-term Effects 21
2.6. Television violence and advertisements 22
2.6.1 Social learning theory 22
2.7. Age and violent behavior 23
2.8. Music and violent behavior 23
2.9. Movies 25
2.10. Criminal documentary 25
Chapter-3: METHODOLOGY 27
3.1. Population / universe 27
3.2. Sampling 27
3.2.1 Sample size 27
3.2.2 Convenient sampling 28
3.3 Tool of Data Collection 28
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3.3.1 Coding 29
3.3.2 Percentage 29
3.4. Conceptual and operational definition of concept 30
Chapter-4: DATA ANALYSIS 33
Chapter-5: FINDINGS 75
5.1. Main Finding 75
5.2. Summery 80
5.3. Conclusion 81
5.4 Reference 82
Questioner 88
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LIST OF TABLES
SR. No. Statement Page no.
1. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to Gender. 33
2. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to age. 34
3. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to education. 35
4. Table: Percentage distributions of respondent according to statement that 36

do you watch T.V?
how much time you watch T.V?
do you watch T.V daily?
Table: Percentage distributions of respondent according to statement that
7. 39
does electronic media Is a source of information?
do you think that high user of electronic media are violent than low
user of media?
does electronic media increases the level of criminal’s activities?
10. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to statement that 42
does electronic media is the cause of violent attitude of youth?
does an electronic medium increase the family violence?
do electronic media create the dispute among youth?
do you think that the news of media destroyed the mental peace of
youth?
are you agree that media increase the psychological problems among
youth?
do you think that news on media increase the fear among youth?

Pakistani media is presenting violent movies?
violent movies can play important role in destruction character building
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of youth?

movies are promoted thrill and advancer in among youth?
youth highly effected by violent movies and the action which is perform
by heroes?
movies are mostly based on the theme of revenge?
drama on media promoting violent behavior?
dramas on media mostly finished our traditional values?
do you agree that dramas on media are full of moral lesson?
do you think that the dramas are fully avoiding the violent action.
are you agreeing that our dramas deeply affect the mind of youth?
do you agree that add on media promotes the violent action?
ads are base on one man show authority?
do you agree that news is source of information?
news is full with criminal actions instead of informational news?
criminals learn more form of criminal action due to news?
criminals documentary are is a source of awareness?
criminals documentary are is source of learning new criminals’
technique for criminals?
these documentaries are promoting violent themes?
people adopt that way which they watch on media in their life?
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do you like music?
do you like fast music?
mostly youth liked fast music?
are music video promote violent seen?
youth are affected by these types of music video?
are you agree that in songs wording is based on violent themes?
music videos mostly promote the fighting between boys?
music play very important role in changing the psychology of youth?
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praises and thanks are for ALMIGHITY ALLAH, Most Gracious and most Merciful, the
entire source of all knowledge and wisdom. I offer my most humble thanks from the core of my
heart to Holy Prophet HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (peace be upon him), the city of knowledge,
who is forever model of guidance to mankind to the path of righteousness.
This experience has sincerely been a growing opportunity for both professionally and personally.
I feel great pleasure in expressing my deep heartiest and sincere gratitude to my respected highly
qualified supervisor Dr.Babak Mahmood professor of Sociology ,University of Sargodha, for his
keen interest and inspiring guidance that help us to complete my thesis.
And a special thanks to my group friend they help me a lot in data collection and support me a
lot in my work. They encourage me. May Allah give them a long, happy and healthy
life.(AMEN)
ZOHRA SAJJAD
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ABSTRACT
The objective of study was to explore the role of media in promoting violent behavior among
youth. Mainly the role of entertainment shows, dramas, ads, criminals programs, documentaries
and music in promoting violent behavior was focused. The purpose of study was to find out
those channels which are promoting violent behavior in reality.
The study was focused on to investigate the role of electronic media in promoting the violent
behavior among youth. 120 samples were taken with the use of convenient sampling from
Sargodha University. Data was collected with help of a well designed questioner. Collected
information was analyzed through SPSS software. Following findings were found after the
analysis of data.
The result of the study presented that media played significant role in promoting violent
behavior among youth that explored the role of entertainment shows, dramas, advertisement,
criminals programs and documentaries and music in promoting violent behavior. Criminal’s
documentary which played a role to teach criminal techniques. Find the impact of extent of
media exposure on youth’s behavior.
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CHAPTER-1:
INTRODUCTION
Role of electronic media in promoting the violent behavior among youth is one of the
notable topics in our social environment in the twentieth century .In this new environment, radio,
television, movies, videos, video games, and computer networks have assumed central roles in
our daily lives. For better or for worse, the media are having an enormous impact on our values,
beliefs, and behaviors. Unfortunately, the consequences of one particular element of the mass
media exposure has particularly detrimental effects on viewers’ and others’ health.
Research evidence has accumulated over many years that exposure to violence on
television and in video games increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer’s part just as
growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of violent behavior. In
this review, we critically assess the research evidence that leads us to this conclusion, and we lay
out the psychological theory that explains why exposure to violence has detrimental effects for
both the short term and long term.
Compare the size of media violence effect with some other well-known threats to public
health to estimate how important a threat it should be considered. Some researchers concluded
that culture and the media are some of the factors that today affect the way teenagers dress, talk,
walk or even influence the type of music or the food they want. For the purpose of this study the
researchers looked at the television. Since the teenagers are the backbone of any society in terms
of them being the future generation, the researchers were prompted to investigate the influence
of the media on their behavior. The media today play a crucial role in our lives. It is very
important to note that the media have two primary functions, that is:
 First, to make money,

 Second, to put a particular coherent worldview or ideology, thus their aim is to influence
behavior or the way people act. The media are believed to cause intended change,
unintended change, and minor change, facilitate change, and reinforce what already exist
or prevent change (McQuail 1994). Already from the above statement it is clear that the
media have influence on what we do.
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Heap (1989) the researchers believe that too much exposure to the media influences the
way young behave. They also believe that action-packed movies have greatly impacted on the
behavior of children, for example, films like “Martial Law”, “Walker Texas Ranger”,
“Wrestling”, “The Rangers” etc. Sometimes you hear them say, I am the Blue, White, Red
Ranger or Robocop. Most of the young try to imitate the characters form the movies. They want
to be closely associated with the characters that they view as superior. They are seen acting like
movies stars, wrestle with their friends in the streets etc. this makes their day. Therefore T.V has
a great part to play in influencing behavior.
Shirley (1999), report that 1500 T. V. stations operate in the USA. Already the extent of
the influence by this form of media is very high. Shirley goes on to say that on average,
Americans watch 7 hours of T.V. a day. These people are now addicted to it. As a result, this
medium has attracted much attention from parents, educators, social scientists, religious leaders
and all those who are concerned with society’s habits and values. This means that all the above
mentioned people are concerned with the effects of the T.V. It has also been blamed for
everything, from declines in literacy to rises in violent crime. However, once in a while it is
praised, too, for giving viewers instant access to world events and uniting audiences in times of
national crisis.
Shirley further postulates that: “T.V. is bound to affect the way people live” because
someone who is watching T.V. is not doing other things, for example, farming, going to
museum, reading, studying etc, thus affecting the way people live. However, it is also important
to look at the other side of the coin because T. V. can bring a person to a museum which he/she
might never visit or to a basketball game which he/she cannot attend. Therefore, there are both
negative and positive effects.
Barnouw (2000), a T.V. screen is referred to as a “tube of plenty”were one can see all
kinds of people, murderers, public officials, foreign leaders, reporters, soldiers, entertainers,
sportsmen, detectives, doctors, hooligans, pastors etc. We cannot run away from the fact that
each of the above-listed people will be represented in society. In this society we have children
and teenagers who are bound to take up from any of the above-listed characters. The
advertisements that are screened on T.V. have greatly influenced the way teenagers behave.
Because of the persuasive attractive language, the teenagers are stimulated to try new things/
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products that they do not know. Advertisers do a lot of research before their adverts are out.
They try to make them very attractive in order to win the hearts of their targeted audiences.
In the Financial Gazette of September 6-12, 2001, an article by Nzumara a journalist,

writer and social commentator in New York, is clearly a good example of what the teenagers call
fashion these days and this type of fashion is being advertised everywhere, everyday.
The fact that in 1922 Will Hays, the first president of the Motion Picture Producers and
Distributors Association (MPPD) in America wrote a code of conduct to govern the T.V.
industry and to oversee movies content shows that the T.V can influence the way people behave.
1.1. Significance of study

In Pakistan people have great influence through media. Pakistan is a third world country
there is lack of resources and recreational activities so majority of people watch TV and other
programs and change their lives through the perception of media which they perceive
through media and change the behavior. Media perform a vital role in making people
perception about the action and living stander. The purpose to conduct this study is to explore
the role of media in promoting violent behavior among youth. Media is the major source
either the print media or electronics media. Media shapes the mind of people and influence
the perception about violent behavior. In Pakistani society media has the greater influence on
the perception of the people. Pakistani dramas presented clashes among family and promote
violent behavior
The family is one of the oldest human social institution know to man. It has existed for
thousands of years. Families manage with pressure put on them by altering to meet new
conditions. In these time of rapid social change families will break under the strain unless they
travel around new ways of living in the world change in itself is not bad, but it put demands upon
each family member
Youth problem related to media are worldwide problem and victim are the youth who is
the builder of a nation. Today media has been pinched in our routine life. There are many effects
of media upon youth or there are many angles through which media are effecting our youth and
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their and their personal life. Even the behavior of youth is becoming violent due to violent
movies, music, dance, video games, internet etc.
The major problems of youth in Pakistan are week socialization, peer pressure,
generation gap. The government must pay special notice to addressing the issues of moving
Pakistani youth .the government must policies that address the inner connected issues of poverty,
child labor, lack of education and gender discrimination. It is necessary to pay notice the
problem of youth violent behavior its penalty and solution. Pakistan has large population that can
be categorized as a youth, so if media effect the youth so its means that the large no of
population is effacing by media.
Pakistani media is creating many problems in the younger’s behavior so there Is need a
need to justify the factor behind these disruption in our younger’s behavior and habits. How do
media produce its effect on aggressive and violent behavior? What characteristics of media
violence are most influence, and who does most susceptible to such influences? So the study is
more important because it will explore the roots of violence among youth.
1.2. Objectives of study
1. To explore the role of media in promoting violent behavior among youth.
2. To find out the difference of view in viewer and non viewer of media about that media play
role in promoting violent behavior among youth.
3. To find the impact of extent of media exposure on youths behavior.
4. To explore the role of electronic media in developing violent behavior among youths while
viewing different channels.
5. To explore the role of dramas in promoting violent behavior.
6. To examine the impact of criminals documentary which play a role to teach criminal
technique?
7. To study the role of movies in promoting violent behavior among youth.
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1.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
Back ground variable Independent variable Dependent variable
Gender Entertainment
(Movies and drama)
Age Advertisement Violent behavior
Education News
Criminal documentary and

shows
Music and videos
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CHAPTER-2:
LITERATURE REVIEW
Electronic Aggression. Electronic aggression is any kind of aggression perpetrated

through technology—any type of harassment or bullying (teasing, telling lies, making fun of
someone, making rude or mean comments, spreading rumors, or making threatening or
aggressive comments) that occurs through e-mail, a chat room, instant messaging, a website
(including blogs), text messaging, or videos or pictures posted on websites or sent through cell
phones.
September 20–21, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia entitled Electronic Media and Youth
Violence. The expert penal The panel consisted of 13 members (see addendum for list of
panelists) who came from academic institutions, federal agencies, a school system, and non-
profit organizations who were already engaged in work focusing on electronic media and youth
violence.
Forty years ago in 1954, a United States Senate (Judiciary) Committee held a series of
hearings into the impact of television programs on juvenile crime (see Huston et al., 1992)
Violence can be watched in many ways: on TV, on the Cinema screen, on Video, on the Internet
and in other forms. To take TV as an example, more than and this was at a time in the United
States when only one person in ten owned a television set. One might well ask what is the state
of the debate in 1997, when according to a recent survey (Media scope, 1996), 54% of American
children have separate television sets in their bedrooms? Watching violence is now heavily a part
of how the media entertains. As a psychologist, former film critic and past Chair of the
Commonwealth Films Board of Review, I have been very much aware of the stages of the
debate: the frustration of the research enterprise and the non-causal effects that exist for
investigators to interpret; the complexities of making those interpretations fit multiple,
interacting influences; and the passions and vested interests of the debaters themselves.
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2.1. Media Theories
There are theories that have proved the fact that the media have some effects on the ways
their audiences behave. The major assumption underpinning these theories are that the media
have a role to play in society to set the norms that society lives on. The theories try to explore the
link between media and society. The theories that are going to be looked at are:
 The Hypodermic or Bullet Theory

 The Cultivation Theory
 The Modeling Theory
2.2. Hypodermic Theory

Kwaramba (2002) says this theory was credited with considerable power to shape opinion
and belief, to change habits of life and to mould behavior according to the will of those in control
of the medial and their contents. In this theory the media is regarded as all-powerful having
strong effects over a passive and powerless audience this means it presumed a direct behavioral
effect on an individual in line with the intended goal of the communicator. For example, if the
communicator intends to make the audience change their behavior towards an issue, the theory
was that this would be achieved. This theory can be associated with campaigns. Some politicians
may use propaganda to try and win support or to undermine the opposition side.For example, if
the audiences are constantly bombarded with information on the evils or benefits of imposing
sanctions on Zimbabwe, they would end up disliking or liking the idea.
The researchers have seen this theory working very well with teenagers. For example,
they are constantly bombarded with ideas on the goodness of the western culture and in response
they have taken this to be their culture, viewing it as superior to theirs. They no longer want to be
associated with their culture that they now view as inferior. This is seen in the type of music they
want, they are into Rhythm and Blues (B ‘n B) and Ragga, the way dress, they like heap-stars,
spaghetti-tops etc. They do not eat things like derere, madora muboora, matumbu, guru etc.
They are now imitating the American popular culture portrayed on T.V called “Ape Culture”
The Cultivation Theory to Pfukwa (2001) specifically focused on the effects of the T.V
on the audiences The theory propounds that if the viewer is greatly exposed to television, the
effect is the cultivation of a certain social perception and world-view.
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Awujo (2012) also points out that the theory holds that T. V., among modern media, has
acquired such a central place in daily life that it dominates our symbolic environment,
substituting its (distorted) message about reality for personal experience and other means of
knowing about the world. Therefore, television-viewing gradually leads to the adoption of beliefs
about the nature of the social world which conform to the stereotyped, distorted and very
selective view of reality as portrayed in a systematic way in T.V. fiction. This is why we see
teenagers imitating what they see on television. For example, they are always wrestling and
playing cricket on the streets.
They associate more to the things they watch on television. Cricket has been
screened heavily on T. V. so much that it has become very popular with teenagers. Even if one
may ask the teenagers about their favorite sport, you will hear them say cricket. But how did they
come to know about such a game called cricket? It is of the television. Cultivation theory differs
from the hypodermic theory mainly because of its gradual and cumulative character. It involves
first, learning and secondly, the construction of a view of social reality dependent on personal
circumstances and experiences. It is also an interactive process between messages and audiences
unlike the hypodermic theory that is one way. Those who watch increasing amounts are
predicted to show increasing divergence of perceptions of reality away from the known picture
of the world.
2.3. Modeling Process

Pfukwa (2001), the modeling process is the application of the general social learning
theory to the acquisition of new behavior from media presentations. The media are said to be
readily accessible and attractive sources of models. They give symbolic modeling of almost
every conceivable form of behavior. Young people acquire attitudes and emotional responses
and new styles of conduct from television, for example, from the films they watch. They acquire
new types of behavior from exposure to multimedia communications. Teenagers usually want to
identify with models whom they view as attractive and with of imitation. For example, they may
emulate the T.V. character Walker Texas Ranger as a role model. Teenagers may emulate an
international popular musician or the way a T.V. character dresses, behaves and the kind of food
they eat. Also a lot of teenage girls are dieting to try to maintain what they call a super figure.
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Zimbabwean youths want to imitate the Western models they see on T.V. for example,
Super Model, Miss Universe, Miss World and Miss Malaika. They want to look like these beauty
queens. Therefore, it is very clear from this theory that television has great powers to shape the
way children/ teenagers behave Kwaramba (2002) says, three kinds of effects are generally
identified. These are:
 cognitive, to do with knowledge and feelings,

 affective, to do with attitude and feelings, and finally,
 behavior, which is the main focus of the duty to do the with behavioral change. Pfukwa
(2001), theories around media effect have been grouped into two, that is, effects
resulting in short-term change and those resulting in long-tearm change.
2.4. Short-term Change
Pfukwa (2000), short term change regards communication as a stimulus and response
process. Examples of such effects include: dressing appropriately because of the weather forecast
predictions through the media, attending a certain function after it has been advertised through
the media or buying something because it has advertised .The effects are associated with the
hypodermic theory. These do not have defined pattern or directions’ in the behavior, attitudes
and actions of receivers.
2.5. Long-term Effects

Macquail (1999), these are believed to have more to do with attitudes and behavior than
the cognitive aspects, for example, the promotion of Western ideas from the developed to the
developing countries through the media. For example, if we look at teenagers, the way they
dress, they type of music and the food they want are all western.
Between 13% and 46% of young people who were victims of electronic aggression
reported not knowing their harasser’s identity.5, 7 Likewise, 22% of perpetrators of electronic
aggression reported not knowing the identity of their victim However, not all victims and
perpetrators are anonymous. In one study, almost half of the victims (47%) said the perpetrator
was another student at school.
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Siblings are also using electronic technology to inflct harm. Specifically, 12% of victims
reported they were victims of electronic aggression initiated by their brother or sister, and 10%
of perpetrators reported being electronically aggressive toward a sibling.
Janet Reno, attorney general in the Clinton administration, warned the media industry to
change or be prepared for some type of legislation to force change.
2.6. Television violence and advertisements
A 2000 report from the Federal Trade Commission confirmed what parents
have long suspected: that the advertising for violent movies, television shows, video games, and
music CDs intentionally targets young audiences (Condon, 2002). Television makes children
passive recipients of hundreds of thousands of images of violence every day. Children receive
the most exposure to television in the home. A 1992 study by TV Guide concluded that
“violence is a pervasive major feature of contemporary television programming and is coming
from more sources and in greater volume than ever before” (Hickey, 1992, pp. 10–12). A major
longitudinal study done by ERON concluded that television violence affects youngsters of all
ages, of both genders, at all socio economic levels, and at all levels of intelligence.
On January 27, 1994, a full-page advertisement appeared in the Washington Post urging
the entertainment industry to take voluntary steps to reign in television violence before Congress
does it for them. At that time polls showed that violence was our nation’s number one concern,
even before the economy. In 1998, violence was holding at the number two position. Violence is
now a public health issue.
2.6.1. Imitation (Social Learning Theory)
Cedric Cullingford (1984) most of the research on television violence is designed to

demonstrate a clear connection between what is seen on the screen and what is enacted in real
life. Social learning theory suggests that viewing any content leads children to reproduce this
content when there is good reason to reproduce it in their environment (Dorr, 1986). It rests on
the hypothesis that children imitate what they see: that they model their behavior from television
(Cullingford, 1984). Human social behavior is learned, and much of this process occurs through
trial and error, especially in the earliest years of life (Siegel, 1974).Observational learning takes
place when children pattern their behavior to that of models. By watching television, a child can
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learn new forms of behavior (Van der Voort, 1986).only does learning from television consist of
improving one’s knowledge of what is going on in the world—that is political, economic,
industrial, and foreign affairs—but television is also a major source of social learning (Gunter &
McAleer, 1997). According to Gunter and McAleer (1997), through television, children may
learn about themselves, about life, about how to behave in different situations, about how to deal
with personal and family problems, and so on.
2.7. Age and violent behavior

Ling & Thomas, 1986; Murray 1995; Freshback & Singer, 1971) Children are affected
by violence in the media. The “average child,” between the ages of six and eighteen, will have
spent 4,000 hours listening to radio and CDs, watched 16,000 hours of television, and watched
several thousand more hours of movies (Sanders, 1994). This means that children will spend
more time with the media than with their parents or in the classroom. Ling and Thomas (1986)
conducted a study of children who were shown two videotapes of aggressive and non-aggressive
play behavior. Only the children who viewed the aggressive video exhibited an increase in
the amount of aggressive play. Film, rock music, and even the Internet amplify and reinforce
the damaging content television pours into our consciousness (Medved & Medved, 1998).
President Bill Clinton, in his 1996 State of the Union address, called on Congress to
adopt legislation to establish the V-chip (violence chip) as a means of helping parents limit their
children’s exposure to television violence (Kunkel, 2003). The V-chip was a result of the 1966
Telecommunication Act that mandated which new television sets are manufactured with the
Vchip. This will allow parents to block out TV programs with objectionable content. However,
parents have problems with the technology. During a Senate Commerce Committee hearing in
July 1995, a Zenith television executive was going to demonstrate how the V-chip worked. He
struggled for more than ten minutes and was not able to get the technology to work until his
aide helped him.
2.8. Music and violence

Lull (1992) has stated, “Music promotes experiences of the extreme for its makers and
listeners, turning the perilous emotional edges, vulnerabilities, triumphs, celebrations, and
antagonisms of life into hypnotic, reflective tempos that can be experienced privately or shared
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with others.” Given the importance of music and its central role in adolescence, it is clear that it
has a number of important effects. Yet although there has been concern for decades about
possible deleterious effects of popular music, for most children, the effects are not deleterious.
While this chapter cannot describe in detail the uses of music, we will describe briefly three
major uses: affective uses, social uses, and the uses of lyrics (for a detailed review, see
Christenson & Roberts, 1998). It also should be noted that the research on music videos appears
to show different effects from music alone; thus music videos will be discussed
later in this chapter.
Roe (1985) presented possible reasons for listening to music and asked students to
indicate how often each applied to their listening. Factor analyses revealed three general trends:
(1) atmosphere creation and mood control, (2) silence filling and passing the time, and (3)
attention to lyrics. Of the three types of uses, atmosphere creation and mood control emerged as
the most important, with time-filling second and attention to lyrics a distant third. Summarizing
the research on adolescent uses of music, Christenson & Roberts (1998, p. 48) Gentile, Pick,
Flom, & Campos, 1994; Gentile, Stoerzinger, Finney, & Pick, 1996; Sullivan, Gentile, & Pick,
1998). Studies of mood induction often use music in order to change people’s moods (e.g.,
Kenealy, 1988; Pignatiello, Camp, Elder, & Rasar, 1989; Pignatiello, Camp, & Rasar, 1986).
Because of the affective efficacy of music, when adolescents want to be in a certain mood, when
they seek reinforcement for a certain mood, when they feel lonely, or when they seek distraction
from their troubles, music tends to be the medium of choice to accomplish the task.
Roberts, 1998; Fedler, Hall, & Tanzi, 1982; Roberts, Henriksen, & Christenson,
1999). Articles have even been written with headlines like “Hard rock music creates killer
mice!” based on high school science-fair experiments in which groups of mice were trained to
run mazes. Groups of mice listened to classical music, hard rock, or no music. The classical mice
became faster in running the maze, whereas the hard rock mice became slower. The student
performing the study stated, “I had to cut my project short because all the hard-rock mice killed
each other. None of the classical mice did that” (Eaton, 1997; Health, Wealth, & Happiness, n.d.)
Martin’s and his colleagues’ data (1993) from more than 200 Australian high
school students showed that those who preferred heavy metal or hard rock music reported
feelings of depression, suicidal thoughts, and deliberate infliction of self-harm more frequently
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than others in the sample. For instance, 20 percent of the male and more than 60 percent of the
female heavy metal/ hard rock fans reported having deliberately tried to kill or hurt themselves in
the last six months, compared with only 8 percent and 14 percent, respectively, of the pop music
fans. Anderson and his colleagues (2003), using the theoretical framework of the General
Aggression Model , hypothesized that violent lyrics would be most likely to show short-term
effects on aggressive emotions and aggressive thoughts. These hypotheses were confirmed in a
series of five studies with undergraduate students (both males and females). The songs were
matched for style but varied in terms of violent content (e.g., violent versus nonviolent songs
from the same rock group, humorous violent versus humorous nonviolent songs). Across the
studies, violent song lyrics were associated with increases in aggressive thoughts. Aggressive
thoughts were measured in a number of manners that are typical when studying aggressive
cognition.
2.9. Movies
Besley and Burgess (2002), Stromberg (2004), Gentzkow (2006), and DellaVigna
and Kaplan (2007) provide evidence that media exposure affects political outcomes. Card and
Dahl (2008) show that emotional cues provided by local NFL football games (in the form of
unexpected upset losses) cause a spike in family violence. Relative to this media literature
which emphasizes the effect of content, our paper stresses the impact of time use. In our
context, the substitution in activities induced by violent movies dominates the effect of content.
This mechanism also operates in Gentzkow and Shapiro (2008), who show the introduction of
television during pre-school had positive effects on test scores for children of immigrants, who
otherwise would have had less exposure to the English language. (Friday through Sunday)
observations, covering the time period from January 1995 to December 2004.
2.10. Criminal documentary

Johnny Adair grew up in a neighborhood surrounded by violence. Consequently
he was subjected to violence from a young age which desensitized him from the terror. Adair
recalls the violence; speaking of listening to gun fire from his bed at night ‘it was
frightening and exciting at the same time' (Adair, 2009). Adair’s upbringing was
troubled; he was raised in a disadvantaged neighborhood which accepted crimes and acts
25
of violence. This therefore allows for The Social Disorganization theory to explain his
terrorist behavior. The Social Disorganization Theory states that your surroundings
affect your behavior more than your individual characteristics. This relates to Adair’s
criminality as his acts of terrorism were committed in his close, surrounding
neighborhoods. Adair watched numerous criminal acts without witnessing the penal
consequences that should have been applied. Auguste Comte states that it is not material
interests that promote criminal acts it is the lack of moral authority persuading them to do
otherwise. Additionally stating that without the creation of moral authority human beings
will not strive to reach the perfection they inherently desire. (Comte, 1976, p111)
Ressler, Burgess & Douglas (1988) found that offenders often experience
childhoods of physical and emotional abuse, caretaker instability, and perceptions of unfair
treatment within the family. One can also include cases such as Harvey Louis Carignan, who was
an illegitimate child, never knowing his father and being shuffled pillar to post by his
negligent mother. Carignan suffered from a facial twitch and bed wetting up to the age of
thirteen. By the age of 22 Carignan committed his first murder and was eventually being
convicted of three. Arthur John Shawcross created imaginary friends as he was bullied
from a young age and was said to have a complex mother-son relationship’ (Berry-Dee,
2003, p36) Burger (1988) however, do provide a comprehensive examination based on
interviews and analysis of over 400 cases of serial murder. From their research they deciphered
four types of serial murderer (Wilson, 2007, p38). The hedonistic killer, the person motivated
by power and control, the visionary killer and the person on a mission.
Burger (1988) however, do provide a comprehensive examination based on

interviews and analysis of over 400 cases of serial murder. From their research they deciphered
four types of serial murderer (Wilson, 2007, p38). The hedonistic killer, the person motivated
by power and control, the visionary killer and the person on a mission. Burger (1988) however,
do provide a comprehensive examination based on interviews and analysis of over 400 cases of
serial murder. From their research they deciphered four types of serial murderer (Wilson, 2007,
p38). The hedonistic killer, the person motivated by power and control, the visionary killer and
the person on a mission.
26
CHAPTER-3:
METHODOLOGY
In sociological research, methodology technique and methods of statistical analysis are

very important. Methodology can be defined as scientific methods or procedures used for the
collection of data information and its analysis as well as its interpretation .This chapter is based
on these contents (universe, sample, sample size, coding percentage).This is a quantitative type
of study on “the role of electronic media in promoting violent behavior among youth”. This
chapter describes the whole methodology of study.
3.1. Population /Universe
“Population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. The information
obtained from the sample allows statisticians to develop hypotheses about the larger population.
Researchers gather information from a sample because of the difficulty of studying the
entire population.”
In this study the University of Sargodha is the universe of study and the finding of this
study is generalized on this universe or population.
3.2. Sampling
“In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a data sample is a set of data
collected and/or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure.”
“Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a

population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to
the population from which they were chosen.”
3.2.1. Sample Size

“Sample size determination is the act of choosing the number of observations or
replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any
empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from
a sample.”
27
120 Sample size of study these 120 respondents are the student of university of Sargodha.
3.2.2. Convenient sampling

There are two major categories of sampling design: probability and non-probability
sampling. Convenient type of sampling falls in the category of non- probability
sampling.
“Convenient sampling is a method of identifying and sampling the cases in a
way to get any case in any manner that convenient (Neumann, 2006).”
Justification of convenient sampling
In all forms of research, it would be ideal to test the entire population, but in most cases, the
population is just too large that it is impossible to include every individual. This is the reason
why most researchers rely on sampling techniques like convenient sampling, the most common
of all sampling techniques. Many researchers prefer this sampling technique because it is fast,
inexpensive, easy and the subjects are readily available.
3.3. Tool of Data Collection

Questionnaire
“A paper form, yet to be filled in by the respondent. A questionnaire’s

a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of
gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis
of the responses, this is not always the case.”
“A questionnaire is simply a ‘tool’ for collecting and recording information about

a particular issue of interest. It is mainly made up of a list of questions, but should also include
clear instructions and space for answers or administrative details. Questionnaires should always
have a definite purpose that is related to the objectives of the research, and it needs to be clear
from the outset how the findings will be used. Respondents also need to be made aware of the
purpose of the research wherever possible, and should be told how and when they will receive
feedback on the findings.”
28
The tool of data collection is questioner. Through the help of questioner gathered the
data from responded.
3.1.1. Coding
“Coding is an analytical process in which data, in both quantitative form (such as
questionnaires results) or qualitative (such as interview transcripts) is categorized to
facilitate analysis. Coding means the transformation of data into a form understandable
by computer software.”
Coding of data is very important through coding we enter data into soft ware SPSS in the
form of coding. Then analyze the data through SPSS and show in tables and show in the form of
percentage.
Coding of questions is given below.
Label Coding
Yes 1
No 2
Coding of questions is given below.
Strongly agree 1
Agree 2
Neutral 3
Disagree 4
Strongly disagree 5
For data analysis used SPSS (strategic package for social sciences) enter the data in the form of
coding.
3.1.2. Percentage
A percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using

the percent sign, "%
29
F
P = ---------------- x 100
P= Percentage
F= Frequency
N=Number
In percentage frequencies divided by no of respondent and multiply by 100 that is percentage.
3.4. Conceptual and operational definition of concept
3.4.1 Age
a. Conceptual Definition.
Number of years since birth.(Feshbach,1972)
b. Operational Definition.
A period in the history of humankind marked by a distinctive characteristic or
achievement. (Harper, 1991)
3.4.2. Gender
a. Conceptual definition.
Gender refers to the determined ideas and practices of what it is to be female or
male.(Goetz,1999)
b. Operational Definition:
Gender, how a person’s biologically is culturally valued and interpreted into locally
accepted ideas of what it is to be a women or man. Gender and the hierarchical power relation
between women and men based on this are socially constructed, and not derived directly from
30
biology. Gender identities and associated expectation of roles and responsibilities are therefore
changeable between and within culture. Gendered power relations permeate social institutions so
that gender is never absent. (Baden,1998)
3.4.3. Education
a. Conceptual Definition
The definition of education guiding mainstream schools today is the education is the
delivery of knowledge, skills, and information form teacher to students, while the above
metaphor –education as a delivery system-sounds reasonable, it misses what is most important
about education.(Berg,2002)
Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge ,skills ,and habits
of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching ,instructing
,training or simply through auto didacticism .Generaly,it occur through any experience that has a
formative effect on the way one thinks,feels,or act.(Dale,1976)
3.4.4. Violent Behavior

a. Conceptual Definition.
Violence is defined by the world health organization as the intentional use of physical
force or power , threatened or actual against a person ,or against a group or community that
either result in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injuray,death ,psychological harms
,development or deprivatism.this definition associates intentionality with the committing of act
itself, irrespective of the outcome it produces’.
Violent behavior in persons in any behavior which, through its use or intended use cause or
could cause harm to another individual. There are many theories on how to control violent
behavior in prison .but the once that seem to have the most success involve segregation the
violent individuals away from the rest of the population. (Krug,2002)
31
3.4.5. Television
a. Conceptual Definition
The broadcast of a still moving image via radio waves to receivers that project a View of
image on a picture tube.(Barare,2011)
b. Operational Definition
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving movies
image that can be monochrome (black and white) or colored, with or without accompanying
sound. Television may also refer specifically to a television set, television programs or television
transmission. (Burns, 2000)
3.4.6. Youth
The time of life between childhood and maturity.
3.5. Note
Since the nature of the study is all descriptive so, no hypothesis are established. However,
this description may intent into a further research that may helps to develop hypothesis in further
research.
32
CHAPTER-4:
DATA ANALYSIS
Table No 1: Distribution of respondent according to Gender
Frequency Percent
Male 63 52.5
Female 57 47.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 52.5% percent are male respondent and 47.5% are female
respondent. This table shows the percentage of respondent according to gender. Gender, how a
person’s biologically is culturally valued and interpreted into locally accepted ideas of what it is
to be a women or man. Gender and the hierarchical power relation between women and men
based on this are socially constructed, and not derived directly from biology. Gender identities
and associated expectation of roles and responsibilities are therefore changeable between and
within culture. Gendered power relations permeate social institutions so that gender is never
absent. In youth male and female both are included youth is the combination of boys and girls so
if choose youth as a respondent so the participation of both necessary that way 63 are male
respondent and 57 are female respondent in my data collection and the total sampled is 120
respondent.
33
Table No 2: Distribution of respondent according to respondent ages
Frequency Percent
19 to 21 54 45.0
22 to 24 66 55.0
Total 120 100.0
Mostly respondent are at the age of 19 to 24 years.19 to 21 45% and 22 to 24 55% these
are the age of respondent in our data. A period in the history of humankind marked by a
distinctive characteristic or achievement. Within the same age everyone have different
perspective for different things. In my 120 respondent 54 respondents are at the age of 19 to 21
and 66 respondents are 22 to 24 ages. But there is great diversity in the answer of same age
respondent. Through different respond we try to find out the perception of same age respondent
what they have view about role of media in promoting in violent behavior. And through the
difference of age as a collectively find out what they have the perception about media and its
relevance with violent behavior.
34
Table No 3: Distribution of respondent according to education of respondent
Frequency Percent
Graduate/BS 41 34.2
Post graduate and other 79 65.8
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 34.2% are BS and graduate student and 65.8% are post graduate
and other means post graduate. According to topic I want to study youth perception about the
role of media in promoting violent behavior. Education in its general sense is a form of learning
in which knowledge ,skills ,and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation
to the next through teaching ,instructing ,training or simply through auto didacticism .Generaly,it
occur through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks,feels,or act. For
this purpose I choose the university of Sargodha as universe and your education is also is a factor
which help to build a view about something 41 respondent are graduate and BS student and 79
was post graduate and in others means M.Phil students. In interpreting of data necessary to
define while these are graduate and post graduate student because these are the student of
university, and these are the representative of my universe.
35
Table No 4: Distribution of respondent according to who much they watch TV
Frequency Percent
Yes 110 91.7
No 10 8.3
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 91% of the respondents are the viewer of the TV and 8%
respond are the non viewer of TV. They are the majority of the people who they watch TV.
According to my topic role of media in promoting violent behavior that is necessary to know
how much respondent of my sampled watch TV if they watch TV they give their accurate
perception about violent behavior which is promoted by media.110 respondent watch TV and
just 10 respondent not watch TV so, if the majority of the respondent watch TV so data is
reliable. And according to my objective I want to study the difference of degree of violence in
the viewer of media and non- viewer of media.
36
Table No 5: Distribution of respondent according to who much time they watch TV?
Frequency Percent
0 to 3 hour 75 62.5
4 to 7 hour 40 33.3
8 to 11 hour 5 4.2
Total 120 100.0
Mean. 1.4167 Std. deviation 0.57370
According to this table they are 62.5% respondent whose watch TV (o_3) hour and exposure
with TV for short time and 33.3% those who watch TV (4_7) hour and 4.2% respondent watch
TV (8_11) hour expose TV for long term. Time play major role for adopted anything. In my
objective those who expose to media for long time have more chances towards violent behavior
instead of those whose expose with media for short time.75 respondent watch TV 0-3 hour and
they expose with TV for short time and low chance towards violent behavior and 4-7 hour they
are 40 respondent which expose some more tendency towards violent behavior and just only 5
respondent which expose with TV for long time 8-11 hour and more chance towards violent
behavior.
37
Table No 6: Distribution of respondent according to how much people daily watch TV?
Frequency Percent
Yes 75 62.5
No 45 37.5
Total 120 100.0
According to table 62.5 % respondent daily viewer of the TV and 37.5 % respondent not
watch TV. They respond that they no watch TV daily. Time play major role for adopted
anything. In my objective those who expose to media for long time have more chances towards
violent behavior instead of those whose expose with media for short time. So , this table is show
how much people watch TV daily and what the impact on those whose watch TV daily instead of
those whose not watch TV daily.75 respondent daily watch TV and 45 respondent not watch TV
daily. These 75 respondents have more reliable information that violent behavior promote with
the role of electronic media. This table is strong relevance with my topic , to examine the view of
those who exposure to media are they agree that media promote violent behavior is my objective
of my study.
38
Table No 7: Distribution of respondent according to doe’s electronic media is source of
information?
Frequency Percent
strongly agree 68 56.7
Agree 42 35.0
Neutral 8 6.7
Disagree 2 1.7
Total 120 100.0
Mean. 1.5333 Std. deviation. 0.69733
According to this table 56.7 % respondent strongly agree that media is a source of
information which means they media not promote violent behaviour.35.0% agree, 6.7% respond
neutral and 1.7% respond that they disagree that media is a source of information they think that
it is not a source of information. Through the help of cross questioning I want to know are the
media in reality promote violent behavior and also try to know are its is parallel to as an
informational source and through the help of these question try to know that are this is in reality
that media play a role in promoting violent behavior.
39
Table No 8: Distribution of respondent according to do you think that high user of
electronic media are violent than low user of media?
Frequency Percent
Strongly Agree 19 15.8
Agree 63 52.5
Neutral 33 27.5
Disagree 4 3.3
Strongly Disagree 1 .8
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 15.8% strongly agree that high user of media are the violet then
than the non viewer of media and 52.5 % agree with this statement that is supported to my topic
that media play role in promoting violent behavior that high use of media promote violent
behaviour.27.5%respond neutral 3.3% disagree with this statement and 0.8% disagree with this
statement that high viewer more have the tendency of violent behavior which deny my topic.
This table is strongly related to my objective that high user of media have more chance towards
violent behavior due to high exposure to electronic media.63 respondent agree with this
statement because majority of respondent agree with statement which means that high use of
media direct the people towards violent behavior and support my topic that media have the role
in promoting violent behavior among youth.
40
Table No 9: Distribution of respondent according to media increase the level of criminal
activity?
Frequency Percent
Agree 44 36.7
Neutral 53 44.2
Disagree 8 6.7
Strongly Disagree 2 1.7
Total 120 100.0
Mean 2.5167 Std. deviation 0.84000
According table 10.8%strongly agree that media increase the level of criminal
activity.36.7% agree with this statement that media play their role in promoting violent
behaviour.44.2% respond neutral ,6.7%disagree.1.7% strongly disagree with this statement they
deny that media promote violent behavior. In media there are wild range of criminal programs
according to this question if any youth or criminal watch these types of programs it increase the
level of criminal activity those who expose to criminal programs and before to watch these types
of programs their work is already criminal activity they learn more due to these types of
programs. And when they listen through media that their action are not severely punished that
this thing motivated them to do these types of activity and increase the level of criminal activity.
41
Table No 10: Distribution of respondent according to media is cause of violent attitude of
youth
Frequency Percent
strongly Agree 32 26.7
Agree 48 40.0
Neutral 26 21.7
Disagree 13 10.8
Strongly Disagree 1 .8
Total 120 100.0
According table 26.7% respondent strongly agree that media is cause of violent attitude
of youth, 40.0% agree with statement which support that media have any role in promoting
violent behaviour.21.7% neutral, 10.8% disagree with this statement and 0.8% strongly disagree
with this statement that media have any role in promoting violent behavior.80 respond that media
is a cause of violent attitude of youth. In our dramas in our ads the attitude is rude and immoral
that way that we can say that media is cause of violent attitude of youth because youth highly
influenced by these role models without notice that is negative or positive.80 respondent agree
with statement. If it is a cause of violent attitude it is support my topic that media play role in
promoting in violent behavior among youth.
42
Table No 11: Distribution of respondent according to media increase the family violence?
Frequency Percent
Agree 39 32.5
Neutral 45 37.5
Disagree 17 14.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 14.2 % respondent strongly agree that media increase the family
violence, 32.5 % agree with this statement which show a positive sign to prove the media play
role in promoting violent behavior. 37.5% respond as neutral, 14.2% disagree and 1.7% strongly
disagrees with this statement. They have no any this type of ideas. Family violence is the type of
violent and a type of violent action when the youth watch violent thing this becomes as a part of
their behavior by reputation so if media promote violence through their dramas and program that
is responsible to increase family violence.56 respondent agree with this statement. And support
my topic that media play their role in promoting violent behavior.
43
Table No 12: Distribution of respondent according to media create dispute among youth
Frequency Percent
Agree 42 35.0
Neutral 38 31.7
Disagree 18 15.0
strongly disagree 3 2.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 15.8% respondent strongly agree that media create dispute among
youth and promoting violent behavior.35.0% agree with statement 31.7% neutral, 15.0%disagree
and 2.5% respondent strongly disagree that media play role in promoting violent behavior. . In
our dramas in our ads the attitude is rude and immoral that way that we can say that media is
cause of violent attitude of youth because youth highly influenced by these role models without
notice that is negative or positive. If media is a cause of violent attitude its lead that through
violent attitude create disputes, dispute mostly based on violent attitude among youth. 61
respondent agree that media create dispute that is a type of violent behavior .it is support my
topic that media play role in promoting in violent behavior among youth.
44
Table No 13: Distribution of respondent according to do you think that the news of media
destroyed the mental peace of youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 48 40.0
Neutral 25 20.8
Disagree 11 9.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 25.8% respondent strongly agree that the news of media destroyed
the mental peace of youth 40.0% agree with statement that means somehow its promote violent
behavior and tension among viewer.20.8% neutral, 9.2% disagree and 4.2% respondent strongly
disagree with this statement they have no any such concept that its promote violent behavior or
destroyed mental peace of viewer. In our dramas in our ads the attitude is rude and immoral that
way that we can say that media is cause of violent attitude of youth because youth highly
influenced by these role models without notice that is negative or positive. If media is a cause of
violent attitude its lead that through violent attitude create disputes, dispute mostly based on
violent attitude among youth. If media create dispute and violent attitude in result it destroyed
the mental peace of youth .News that is channel of media if it is play role to destroyed the mental
peace of youth .When destroyed the mental due to disturbance of mental peace they do violent
action and promote violent behavior so, in this way media play role.
45
Table No 14: Distribution of respondent according to are you agree that media increase
the psychological problems among youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 58 48.3
Neutral 36 30.0
Disagree 8 6.7
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 13.3% respondent strongly agree that media increase the
psychological problem among youth 48.3% agree with statement which lead toward violent
behavior 30.0% neutral, 6.7% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this
statement they deny that it increase the psychological problem which leads towards violent
behavior. If media is a cause of violent attitude its lead that through violent attitude create
disputes, dispute mostly based on violent attitude among youth. If media create dispute and
violent attitude in result it destroyed the mental peace of youth .News that is channel of media if
it is play role to destroyed the mental peace of youth .When destroyed the mental due to
disturbance of mental peace they do violent action and promote violent behavior so, in this way
media play role .When it destroyed the mental peace in result youth suffer from psychological
problems .And when someone suffer from some psychological problem in result done some
violent action .
46
Table No 15: Distribution of respondent according to do you think that news on media
increase fear among youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 58 48.3
Neutral 36 30.0
Disagree 8 6.7
Total 120 100.0
Mean 2.6667 Std. deviations 0.99015
According to this table 13.3% respondent strongly agree that news on media increase fear
among youth 28.3% agree with statement fear always the result of some threatening or violent
action 39.2% neutral, 16.7% disagree and 2.5% respondent strongly disagree with this statement.
When destroyed the mental due to disturbance of mental peace they do violent action and
promote violent behavior so, in this way media play role .When it destroyed the mental peace in
result youth suffer from psychological problems. Fear is itself a psychological problem most of
the action is done in fear and some done to finished their fear. In news most of the news based on
that type of news which create fear in youth. Fear support psychological problems and some time
motivated towards violent behavior. And support media play role as in this form.
47
Table No 16: Distribution of respondent according to Pakistani media is presenting violent
movies?
Frequency Percent
Agree 42 35.0
Neutral 41 34.2
Disagree 21 17.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 9.2% respondent strongly agree that Pakistani media is presenting
violent movies 35.0% agree with statement which show that media is responsible for violent
behavior they agree that media create violent behavior. 34.2% neutral, 17.5% disagree and 4.2%
respondent strongly disagrees with this statement they deny that media promoting violent
behavior. Movies is a source of entertainment if it promote violent thing youth adopt that ways
because they highly inspired from the movies and the hero’s of that movies and adopt that way
as idealizes them as an role model if this model promote violent action and behavior so its means
that this channel of media play their role in promoting violent behavior among youth.53
respondent agree that Pakistani movies presenting violent movies through their heros.26
respondent disagree with this statement
48
Table No 17: Distribution of respondent according to violent movies can play important
role in destruction of character building of youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 50 41.7
Neutral 36 30.0
Disagree 16 13.3
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 13.3% respondent strongly agree that violent movies can play
important role in destruction of character building of youth 41.7% agree with statement which
show relation that media play role in promoting violent behavior 30.0% neutral, 13.3% disagree
and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement that this type of media not promote
any type violent behavior. Movies is a source of entertainment if it promote violent thing youth
adopt that ways because they highly inspired from the movies and the hero’s of that movies and
adopt that way as idealizes them as an role model if this model promote violent action and
behavior so its means that this channel of media play their role in promoting violent behavior
among youth. People adopt that ways and they destroyed their character due to these types of
movies as in result people develop violent behavior and do violent action.
49
Table No 18: Distribution of respondent according to movies are promoted thrill and
advancer among youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 51 42.5
Neutral 39 32.5
Disagree 9 7.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 15.8% respondent strongly agree that movies are promoted thrill
and advancer among youth 42.5% agree with statement that this type of thrilling action is a
motivation towards violent action 32.5% neutral, 7.5% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly
disagree with this statement which show that thrill is not leads towards these type of action.
Movies is a source of entertainment if it promote violent thing youth adopt that ways because
they highly inspired from the movies and the hero’s of that movies and adopt that way as
idealizes them as an role model if this model promote thrill and advancer. People adopt that ways
and they perform these type of action which is full of thrill and due to these types of movies as in
result people develop violent behavior and do violent action to fulfill their desire of thrill. Some
time these thrilling actions based on violent behavior.
50
Table No 19: Distribution of respondent according to youth highly effected by violent
movies and the action which is performed by heroes?
Frequency Percent
Agree 47 39.2
Neutral 32 26.7
Disagree 10 8.3
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 24.2% respondent strongly agree that Youth highly effected by
violent movies and the action which is performed by heroes, heroes are role model for youth if
they promote so definitely viewer practice these action. 39.2% agree with statement 26.7%
neutral, 8.3% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement that heroes not
affect the youth and media is channel to present that personality. Movies is a source of
entertainment if it promote violent thing youth adopt that ways because they highly inspired from
the movies and the hero’s of that movies and adopt that way as idealizes them as an role model if
this model promote violent action and behavior so its means that this channel of media play their
role in promoting violent behavior among youth. People adopt that ways and they destroyed their
character due to these types of movies as in result people develop violent behavior and do violent
action.76 respondent agree that majority of the youth highly effected by these types of violent
movies because they adopt that way which is performed by their idealized models.
51
Table No 20: Distribution of respondent according to movies are mostly based on the
theme of revenge?
Frequency Percent
Agree 43 35.8
Neutral 31 25.8
Disagree 12 10.0
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 26.7% respondent strongly agree that movies are mostly based on
the theme of revenge 35.8% agree with statement that support and have relevance that media
promote violent behavior because most of our revenge action is based violent action 25.8%
neutral, 10.0% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement. Movies is a
source of entertainment if it promote violent thing youth adopt that ways because they highly
inspired from the movies and the hero’s of that movies and adopt that way as idealizes them as
an role model if this model promote violent action and behavior so its means that this channel of
media play their role in promoting violent behavior among youth. People adopt that ways and
they destroyed their character due to these types of movies as in result people develop violent
behavior and do violent action .Hero’s done most of the action to fulfill their revenge. And
revenge is mostly through violent action
52
Table No 21: Distribution of respondent according to dramas on media promoting violent
behavior?
Frequency Percent
Agree 45 37.5
Neutral 32 26.7
Disagree 9 7.5
strongly disagree 1 .8
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 27.5% respondent strongly agree that dramas on media promoting
violent behavior 37.5% agree with statement 26.7% neutral, 7.5% disagree and 0.8% respondent
strongly disagree with this statement that this channel of media not promoting any type of
violence. Dramas are a source of entertainment and way to promote our tradition and as well as
promote or daily life in which way people live and what are their story of their life. Dramas
highly affect the minds of viewer and the viewers take it as a reality. If dramas promote violent
behavior like disputes between siblings and feeling of hearted it means it promotes violent
behavior. 78 respondents agree with this statement that shows media in reality play role in
promoting violent behavior.
53
Table No 22: Distribution of respondent according to dramas on media are mostly finished
our traditional values?
Frequency Percent
Agree 54 45.0
Neutral 31 25.8
Disagree 7 5.8
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 20.0% respondent strongly agree that dramas on media are mostly
finished our traditional values which is full of morals cods and without any type of violent action
and behavior 45.0% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 5.8% disagree and 3.3% respondent
strongly disagree with this statement that our dramas finished our traditions which are free from
any type of violent behavior. Dramas are a source of entertainment and way to promote our
tradition and as well as promote or daily life in which way people live and what are their story of
their life. Dramas highly affect the minds of viewer and the viewers take it as a reality. If dramas
promote violent behavior like disputes between siblings and feeling of hearted it means it
promotes violent behavior. Respect cohesion and alteration is the traditional values of our society
.If these are finished and according to 78 respondent our traditional values is finished in our
dramas and in result its promote contrary values hate and revenge which promote violent
behavior.
54
Table No 23: Distribution of respondent according to do you agree that dramas on media
are full of moral lesson?
Frequency Percent
Agree 32 26.7
Neutral 40 33.3
Disagree 18 15.0
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 21.7% respondent strongly agree that dramas on media are full of
moral lesson which are free from any type of violent behavior 26.7% agree with statement 33.3%
neutral, 15.0% disagree and 3.3% respondent strongly disagree with this statement that dramas
on media full with moral lesson that show that these type of dramas are without moral lesion and
lead toward violent behavior. Dramas are a source of entertainment and way to promote our
promotes violent behavior. Respect cohesion and alteration is the traditional values of our
society.58 respondent agree that our dramas is full of moral lesion its means not promote violent
behavior.
55
Table No 24: Distribution of respondent according to do you think that the dramas are
fully avoiding the violent behavior?
Frequency Percent
Agree 43 35.8
Neutral 34 28.3
Disagree 23 19.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 10.0% respondent strongly agree that the dramas are fully
avoiding the violent behavior 35.8% agree with statement which is totally deny that this channel
of media have any role in promoting violent behavior 28.3% neutral, 19.2% disagree and 6.7%
respondent strongly disagree with this statement as well as agree with my topic that media
promote violent behavior. Dramas are a source of entertainment and way to promote our
promotes violent behavior. Respect cohesion and alteration is the traditional values of our
society.55 respondent agree that our dramas are fully avoiding the violent behavior.
56
Table No 25: Distribution of respondent according to are you agreeing that our dramas
deeply affect the mind of youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 47 39.2
Neutral 29 24.2
Disagree 12 10.0
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 22.5% respondent strongly agree that our dramas deeply affect the
mind of youth and this have a strong relation with my topic because if people agree that dramas
is a source which effect deeply right or wrong 39.2% agree with statement 24.2% neutral, 10.0%
disagree and 4.2% respondent strongly disagree with this statement they deny that dramas effect
the mind of youth, so there is no question of violent behavior. Dramas are a source of
entertainment and way to promote our tradition and as well as promote or daily life in which way
people live and what are their story of their life. Dramas highly affect the minds of viewer and
the viewers take it as a reality. If dramas promote violent behavior like disputes between siblings
and feeling of hearted it means it promotes violent behavior.74 respondent agree that our dramas
deeply effect the mind of youth and this answer is support my objective that media influenced
the youth.
57
Table No 26: Distribution of respondent according to Do you agree that ads on media
promote the violent action?
Frequency Percent
Agree 55 45.8
Neutral 42 35.0
Disagree 12 10.0
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 8.3% respondent strongly agree that media promote the violent
action through ads 45.8% agree with statement 35.0% neutral, 10.0% disagree and 0.8%
respondent strongly disagree with this statement that ads are not promoting violent behavior. Ads
is a short message in audio and visual form that highly effected the mind of viewer and mostly
based on those themes that represent the established theme of our society.ads are presenting by
celebrities and influential personalities people idealized them and copy them in their real life. If
the ads are on the based on violent theme and on the theme of violent action its means this
channel of media promote violent behavior. If the ads which is source of quick and short
message based on violent thing its promote violent behavior and media is responsible for that.
58
Table No 27: Distribution of respondent according to ads are based on one man show
authority?
Frequency Percent
Agree 39 32.5
Neutral 43 35.8
Disagree 17 14.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 13.3% respondent strongly agree that based on one man show
authority and most of authority leads towards violent action to maintain their power and
authority 32.5% agree with statement 35.8% neutral, 14.2% disagree and 4.2% respondent
strongly disagree with this statement that ads on media is not based on one man shoe authority .
Ads is a short message in audio and visual form that highly effected the mind of viewer and
mostly based on those themes that represent the established theme of our society.ads are
presenting by celebrities and influential personalities people idealized them and copy them in
their real life. If the ads are on the based on violent theme and on the theme of violent action its
means this channel of media promote violent behavior. If the ads which is source of quick and
short message based on violent thing it’s promote violent behavior and media is responsible for
that. Its mean if one person hold everything in his hand its show that he can do everything this
type of theme also promote this type of behavior.
59
Table No 28: Distribution of respondent according to do you agree that news is source of
information?
Frequency Percent
Agree 46 38.3
Neutral 17 14.2
Disagree 3 2.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 43.3% respondent strongly agree that news is source of
information instead of violent behavior 38.3% agree with statement 14.2% neutral, 2.5%
disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement they deny that media is not a
source of information ,its more work for violent actions. Through the help of cross questioning I
want to know are the media in reality promote violent behavior and also try to know are its is
parallel to as an informational source and through the help of these question try to know that are
this is in reality that media play a role in promoting violent behavior. News is the channel media
and a form of media that way it is important to explore the perception of youth about the role of
media in promoting violent behavior.98 respondent agree that media is a source of information.
60
Table No 29: Distribution of respondent according to News is full of criminal actions
instead of informational news?
Frequency Percent
Agree 49 40.8
Neutral 31 25.8
Disagree 9 7.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 24.2% respondent strongly agree that news is full of criminal
actions instead of informational news which agree with my topic that media is promoting violent
action, because criminal action is itself is a violent behavior. And news are channel of media
40.8% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 7.5% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree
with this statement in their view that media not promoting violent behavior. News is the channel
media and a form of media that way it is important to explore the perception of youth about the
role of media in promoting violent behavior..in our news major portion is based on criminal
news instead of informational news that promote violent behavior because some time insist the
people to do what they see and listen or adopt that way in result for adopting these ways they
develop the violent behavior and media is responsible for this78 respondent support this
statement.
61
Table No 30: Distribution of respondent according to criminals learn more form of
criminal action due to news?
Frequency Percent
Agree 44 36.7
Neutral 31 25.8
Disagree 7 5.8
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 30.8% respondent strongly agree that Criminals learn more form
of criminal action due to news which is channel of media and most if the people view that media
promote violent behavior among youth 36.7% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 5.8% disagree
and 0.8% respondent strongly disagree with this statement that criminal learn more from news .
In media there are wild range of criminal programs according to this question if any youth or
criminal watch these types of programs it increase the level of criminal activity those who
expose to criminal programs and before to watch these types of programs their work is already
criminal activity they learn more due to these types of programs. And when they listen through
media that their action are not severely punished that this thing motivated them to do these types
of activity and increase the level of criminal activity and learn more criminal action due to news.
62
Table No 31: Distribution of respondent according to criminals documentary are is a
source of awareness?
Frequency Percent
Agree 56 46.7
Neutral 32 26.7
Disagree 5 4.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 22.5% respondent strongly agree that Criminals documentary are
the source of awareness people aware which type of crime don in our society and deny that
media is way to promote violent behavior 46.7% agree with statement 26.7% neutral, 4.2%
disagree with this statement they deny that criminal documentary are the source of awareness. In
media there are wild range of criminal programs according to this question if any youth or
criminal watch these types of programs aim to aware the people about criminal activity those
who expose to criminal programs and before to watch these types of programs they aware about
what type of criminal activity don and how they done these type of activity . And when they
listen through media that their action are severely punished that this thing aware that in which
they treat the criminal and some time it is a source to stop person to step in criminal career. but
through media they aware about violent behavior.83 respondent agree with statement that is a
source of awareness about crimes.
63
Table No 32: Distribution of respondent according to criminals documentary are is a
source of learning new criminal’s technique for criminals?
Frequency Percent
Agree 47 39.2
Neutral 35 29.2
Disagree 11 9.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 20.8% respondent strongly agree that criminals documentary are
is a source of learning new criminals technique for criminals that shows that media is way to
promote violent behavior, because criminal action itself a violent action 39.2% agree with
statement 29.2% neutral, 9.2% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this
statement they deny that media promote this type of things. In media there are wild range of
criminal programs according to this question if any youth or criminal watch these types of
programs it increase the level of criminal activity those who expose to criminal programs and
before to watch these types of programs their work is already criminal activity they learn more
due to these types of programs. And when they listen through media that their action are not
severely punished that this thing motivated them to do these types of activity and increase the
level of criminal activity and learn more criminal action due to news. They watch unique ways to
commit crime and those whose involve in criminal career practices these type of technique in
their professional work and 72 agree that criminal learn more from these criminal programs. This
statement support may topic that in net sell of this statement that media play a significance role
in promoting violent behavior among youth
64
Table No 33: Distribution of respondent according to these documentaries are promoting
violent themes?
Frequency Percent
Agree 50 41.7
Neutral 47 39.2
Disagree 5 4.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 11.7% respondent strongly agree that documentaries are
promoting violent themes and violent theme is the step 1 of violent behavior from theme
anything start so, Media play role in promoting violent behavior 41.7% agree with statement
39.2% neutral, 4.2% disagree and 3.3% respondent strongly disagree with this statement that
media have any role in promoting violent behavior. . In media there are wild range of criminal
programs according to this question if any youth or criminal watch these types of programs aim
to aware the people about criminal activity those who expose to criminal programs and before to
watch these types of programs they aware about what type of criminal activity don and how they
done these type of activity. In criminal programs action are actually violent theme means on
crime .so, there is no these type of programs promote violent themes. In result that media
promote violent behavior.
65
Table No 34: Distribution of respondent according to people adopt that way which they
watch on media in their life?
Frequency Percent
Agree 40 33.3
Neutral 33 27.5
Disagree 7 5.8
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 29.2% respondent strongly agree that people adopt that way
which they watch on media in their life on these bases if media promote violent behavior people
adopt that’s way so, media play an important in promoting anything 33.3% agree with statement
media not affect the life of people. Media is a way that highly effected the life of their viewer in
this way if the media promote violent thing people adopt these way they idealize those
personality and adopt these thing those promoted by these personalities because they idealize
them.75 persons agree with this statement that people adopt these thing which is promoted by the
media negative or positive. If media promote violent thing and people adopt these way it support
that media play role in promoting violent behavior
66
Table No 35: Distribution of respondent according to do you like music?
Frequency Percent
Agree 42 35.0
Neutral 15 12.5
Disagree 6 5.0
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 46.7% respondent strongly agree that they like the music, music
also is a channel of media so, it also important to find out its impact on youth so, before we move
towards its affect first to find out how much people listen music 35.0% agree with statement
12.5% neutral, 5.0% disagree and 0.8% respondent strongly disagree with this statement if they
not like the music is this a sound reason that its promote any type of violence. Music is a also
channel of entertainment and it is a combinations of audio video and words which can be effect
the mind of listener and mostly youth is the listener of music . Music also contains a proper
message that may be positive or negative. 98 respondents like music that means they can respond
batter answer.
67
Table No 36: Distribution of respondent according to do you like fast music?
Frequency Percent
Agree 31 25.8
Neutral 28 23.3
Disagree 16 13.3
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 33.3% respondent strongly agree that they like fast music the
main reason for this question that is to find out if there is any relation of fast music with violent
behavior are there is any role to promote violent behavior 25.8% agree with statement 23.3%
neutral, 13.3% disagree and 4.2% respondent strongly disagree with this statement. Music is a
also channel of entertainment and it is a combinations of audio video and words which can be
effect the mind of listener and mostly youth is the listener of music . Music also contains a
proper message that may be positive or negative. 71respondents like fast music that means they
can respond batter answer is the fast music is factors which play their role in promoting violent
behavior among youth. There are many channel on media which are just promoted music means
no of music channel if they youth liked fast music they know about the impact of music positive
or negative. Fast thing some time motivated person to don some thrilling and violent act and this
way it support my topic.
68
Table No 37: Distribution of respondent according to mostly youth liked fast music?
Frequency Percent
Agree 36 30.0
Neutral 39 32.5
Disagree 11 9.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 25.8% respondent strongly agree that mostly youth like fast music
because we interested to find out the which ways of media play role in promoting violent
behavior among youth if there is any role of fast music to develop violent behavior so, it may be
play a role in promoting violent behavior among youth 30.0% agree with statement 32.5%
neutral, 9.2% disagree and 2.5% respondent strongly disagree with this statement. Music is a also
channel of entertainment and it is a combinations of audio video and words which can be effect
the mind of listener and mostly youth is the listener of music . Music also contains a proper
message that may be positive or negative. 71respondents like fast music that means they can
respond batter answer is the fast music is factors which play their role in promoting violent
behavior among youth. There are many channel on media which are just promoted music means
no of music channel if they youth liked fast music they know about the impact of music positive
or negative. Fast thing some time motivated person to don some thrilling and violent act and this
way it support my topic. Majority of respondent respond that mostly youth liked fast music.
69
Table No 38: Distribution of respondent according to are music video promote violent
seen?
Frequency Percent
Agree 38 31.7
Neutral 32 26.7
Disagree 20 16.7
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 22.5% respondent strongly agree that music video promote
violent seen media is way in which we effect the viewer in multiple ways audio video etc. music
is a channel of media and it is in two form effect the listener in audio and video form 31.7%
agree with statement that music video promote violent seen which promote violent behavior
video is not promoting violent behavior. Music is a also channel of entertainment and it is a
combinations of audio video and words which can be effect the mind of listener and mostly
youth is the listener of music . Music also contains a proper message that may be positive or
negative. 71respondents like fast music that means they can respond batter answer is the fast
music is factors which play their role in promoting violent behavior among youth. There are
many channel on media which are just promoted music means no of music channel if they youth
liked fast music they know about the impact of music positive or negative. In video mostly based
on violent action its promote violent behavior and have strong relevance with my topic.
70
Table No 39: Distribution of respondent according to youth is affected by this type of music
video?
Frequency Percent
Agree 52 43.3
Neutral 33 27.5
Disagree 12 10.0
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 18.3% respondent strongly agree that youth is affected by this
type of music video 43.3% agree with statement that these type of video which are promoting
violent behavior are highly effected the youth 27.5% neutral, 10.0% disagree and 0.8%
respondent strongly disagree with this statement that these music video which are a channel of
media promoting violent behavior. Music is a also channel of entertainment and it is a
combinations of audio video and words which can be effect the mind of listener and mostly
negative. 71respondents like fast music that means they can respond batter answer is the fast
music is factors which play their role in promoting violent behavior among youth. There are
many channel on media which are just promoted music means no of music channel if they youth
liked fast music they know about the impact of music positive or negative. And these types of
video highly effected the youth.
71
Table No 40: Distribution of respondent according to are you agreeing that in songs
wording is based on violent theme?
Frequency Percent
Agree 39 32.5
Neutral 36 30.0
Disagree 17 14.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 16.7% respondent strongly agree that in songs wording is based
on violent theme which promote towards violent action and behavior and music is a channel of
media so that’s figure favor that media promote violent behavior 32.5% agree with statement
30.0% neutral, 14.2% disagree and 6.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement. .
Music is a also channel of entertainment and it is a combinations of audio video and words
which can be effect the mind of listener and mostly youth is the listener of music . Music also
contains a proper message that may be positive or negative. Words are promote violent theme its
means music promote violent behavior. Words are mostly based on the revenge and some time
fast music based on those words which are promoted dispute and quarrel and one man show
authority.
72
Table No 41: Distribution of respondent according to music videos mostly promote the
fighting between boys?
Frequency Percent
Agree 39 32.5
Neutral 39 32.5
Disagree 23 19.2
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 9.2% respondent strongly agree that music videos mostly promote
the fighting between boys means violent action or behavior people adopt what they watch 32.5%
agree with statement so, that’s figure support that media play their role in promoting violent
behavior among youth 32.5% neutral, 19.2% disagree and 6.7% respondent strongly disagree
with this statement that theses music video are not the reason of violent behavior and deny that
media have any role in promoting violent behavior. Music is a also channel of entertainment and
it is a combinations of audio video and words which can be effect the mind of listener and mostly
negative. Words are promote violent theme its means music promote violent behavior. Words are
mostly based on the revenge and some time fast music based on those words which are promoted
dispute and quarrel and one man show authority. Not just word music video based on dispute
between boy in this result bit promote violent behavior.
73
Table No 42: Distribution of respondent according to music play very imp role in changing
the psychology of youth?
Frequency Percent
Agree 52 43.3
Neutral 24 20.0
Disagree 9 7.5
Total 120 100.0
According to this table 26.7% respondent strongly agree that music play very imp role in
changing the psychology of youth, these music video create the violent psychology so, that’s
figure support that media promote violent behavior 43.3% agree with statement 20.0% neutral,
7.5% disagree and 2.5% respondent strongly disagree with this statement that music is not a
sound reason to change the psychology and developing violent behavior. Media have any role in
promoting violent behavior. Music is a also channel of entertainment and it is a combinations of
audio video and words which can be effect the mind of listener and mostly youth is the listener
of music . Music also contains a proper message that may be positive or negative. Words are
promote violent theme its means music promote violent behavior. Words are mostly based on the
revenge and some time fast music based on those words which are promoted dispute and quarrel
and one man show authority. Not just word music videos based on dispute between boys in this
result bit promote violent behavior. In psychology the reputation of the word also a way to adopt
the thing and being habitual of these thing. If they continuously listen fast music which they
listen due to their listening in result change the psychology of youth.
74
CHAPTER-5:
FINDING, SUMMERY, CONCLUSION
5.1. MAIN FINDINGS
 52.5% percent are male respondent and 47.5% are female respondent.
 Mostly respondent are at the age of 19 to 24 years.19 to 21 45% and 22 to 24 55% these
are the age of respondent in our data
 34.2% are BS and graduate student and 65.8% are post graduate and other means post
graduate.
 91% of the respondent says that they watch TV and 8% respond that they not watch TV.
 According to my finding 62.5% respondent whose watch TV (o_3) hour and 33.3% those
who watch TV (4_7) hour and 4.2% respondent watch TV (8_11) hour.
 62.5 % youth daily watch TV and 37.5 % youth on and of watch TV. They respond that
they no watch TV daily.
 56.7 % youth strongly agree that media is a source of information.35.0% agree, 6.7%
respond neutral and just only few means 1.7% youth disagree that media is a source of
information.
 15.8% strongly agree that high user of media are the violet then than the non viewer of
media and 52.5 % just agree with this statement.27.5%respond neutral 3.3% disagree
with this statement and 0.8% disagree with this statement. It means that majority of the
youth respond that viewer of violent have more tendency toward violent action.
 According to my data analysis/finding 10.8%strongly agree that media increase the level
of criminal activity.36.7% agree with this statement.44.2% respond neutral
,6.7%disagree.1.7% strongly disagree with this statement. Both agree and strongly agree
46% youth in favor of this statement that media increase the lever of criminality.
 26.7% youth strongly agree that media is cause of violent attitude of youth, 40.0% agree
with statement .21.7% neutral, 10.8% disagree with this statement and 0.8% strongly
disagree with this statement.
75
 14.2 % respondent strongly agree that media increase the family violence, 32.5 % agree
with this statement 37.5% respond as neutral, 14.2% disagree and 1.7% strongly
disagrees with this statement. Most of the answer in the favor of this statement
 15.8% respondent strongly agree that media create dispute among youth 35.0% agree
with statement 31.7% neutral, 15.0%disagree and 2.5% respondent strongly disagree with
this statement
 25.8% respondent strongly agree that the news of media destroyed the mental peace of
youth 40.0% agree with statement 20.8% neutral, 9.2% disagree and 4.2% respondent
strongly disagree with this statement.
 13.3% respondent strongly agree that media increase the psychological problem among
 13.3% respondent strongly agree that news on media increase fear among youth 28.3%
agree with statement 39.2% neutral, 16.7% disagree and 2.5% respondent strongly
 9.2% respondent strongly agree that Pakistani media is presenting violent movies 35.0%
 13.3% respondent strongly agree that violent movies can play important role in
destruction of character building of youth 41.7% agree with statement 30.0% neutral,
13.3% disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement.
 15.8% respondent strongly agree that movies are promoted thrill and advancer among
 24.2% respondent strongly agree that youth highly effected by violent movies and the
action which is performed by heroes. 39.2% agree with statement 26.7% neutral, 8.3%
disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement.
 26.7% respondent strongly agree that movies are mostly based on the
theme of revenge 35.8% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 10.0% disagree and 1.7%
respondent strongly disagree with this statement.
76
 27.5% respondent strongly agree that dramas on media promoting violent behavior
37.5% agree with statement 26.7% neutral, 7.5% disagree and 0.8% respondent strongly
 20.0% respondent strongly agree that dramas on media are mostly finished our traditional
values 45.0% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 5.8% disagree and 3.3% respondent
 21.7% respondent strongly agree that dramas on media are full of moral lesson 26.7%
 10.0% respondent strongly agree that the dramas are fully avoiding the violent behavior
35.8% agree with statement 28.3% neutral, 19.2% disagree and 6.7% respondent strongly
 22.5% respondent strongly agree that our dramas deeply affect the mind of youth 39.2%
 8.3% respondent strongly agree that media promote the violent action 45.8% agree with
statement.
 13.3% respondent strongly agree that based on one man show authority 32.5% agree with
statement.
 43.3% respondent strongly agree that news is source of information 38.3% agree with
statement.
 24.2% respondent strongly agree that news is full of criminal actions instead of
informational news 40.8% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 7.5% disagree and 1.7%
 30.8% respondent strongly agree that Criminals learn more form of criminal action due to
news 36.7% agree with statement 25.8% neutral, 5.8% disagree and 0.8% respondent
77
 22.5% respondent strongly agree that Criminals learn more form of criminal action due to
news 46.7% agree with statement 26.7% neutral, 4.2% disagree with this statement.
 20.8% respondent strongly agree that criminals documentary are is a source of learning
new criminals technique for criminals 39.2% agree with statement 29.2% neutral, 9.2%
disagree and 1.7% respondent strongly disagree with this statement.
 11.7% respondent strongly agree that documentaries are promoting violent themes 41.7%
 29.2% respondent strongly agree that people adopt that way which they watch on media
in their life 33.3% agree with statement 27.5% neutral, 5.8% disagree and 4.2%
 46.7% respondent strongly agree that they like the music 35.0% agree with statement
12.5% neutral, 5.0% disagree and 0.8% respondent strongly disagree with this statement.
 33.3% respondent strongly agree that they like fast music 25.8% agree with statement
23.3% neutral, 13.3% disagree and 4.2% respondent strongly disagree with this
statement.
 25.8% respondent strongly agree that mostly youth like fast music 30.0% agree with
statement.
 22.5% respondent strongly agree that music video promote violent seen 31.7% agree
with statement 26.7% neutral, 16.7% disagree and 2.5% respondent strongly disagree
with this statement.
 18.3% respondent strongly agree that youth is affected by this type of music video 43.3%
 16.7% respondent strongly agree that in songs wording is based on violent theme 32.5%
 9.2% respondent strongly agree that music videos mostly promote the fighting between
boys 32.5% agree with statement 32.5% neutral, 19.2% disagree and 6.7% respondent
78
 26.7% respondent strongly agree that music play very imp role in changing the
psychology of youth 43.3% agree with statement 20.0% neutral, 7.5% disagree and 2.5%
79
5.2. SUMMARY
Electronic Media plays an important role in promoting violent behavior as well as it is a

big source of information .TV, movies, dramas, ads, caramels documentary these play an
important role in our daily life. The media has demonstrated potentially profound effect,
both positive negative, on youth cognitive, social, and behavioral development. Youth
widely accept that media has profound influence on human health, including violence.
That media violence increases the risk significantly that a viewer or game player will
behave more violently. Exposure to media violence immediately increases the likelihood
of aggressive behavior for youth and adults in the short run. The most important
underlying process for this effect is probably priming though mimicry and increased
arousal also play important roles. Some studies are also compelling that youth exposure
to violent electronic media including violent movies leads to increases in their risk for
behaving aggressively and violently. These effects are a consequence of the powerful
observational learning and desensitization processes that neuroscientists and
psychologists now understand occur automatically in the human child. Children
automatically acquire scripts for the behaviors they observe around them in real life or in
the media along with emotional reactions and social cognitions that support those
behaviors and carry on through their all life. Social comparison processes also lead youth
to seek out others who behave similarly aggressively in the media or in real life leading to
a downward spiral process that increases risk for violent behavior. Like children the
youth also copy the character of movies means the heroes of movies in their real life. The
study is focused on to investigate the role of electronic media in promoting the violent
behavior among youth. 120 samples are taken with the use of convenient sampling from
Sargodha University. Data is collected with help of a well designed questioner. Collected
information was analyzed through SPSS software.
80
5.3. Conclusion
In this new environment, radio, television, movies, videos, video games, and computer
networks have assumed central roles in our daily lives. For better or for worse, the media are
having an enormous impact on our values, beliefs, and behaviors. Unfortunately, the
consequences of one particular element of the mass media exposure has particularly detrimental
effects on viewers’ and others’ health. TV, movies, dramas, ads, and criminial documentary
these play an important role in our daily life. The media has demonstrated potentially profound
effect, both positive negative, on youth cognitive, social, and behavioral development. Youth
widely accept that media has profound influence on human health, including violence. That
media violence increases the risk significantly that a viewer or game player will behave more
violently. Exposure to media violence immediately increases the likelihood of aggressive
behavior for youth and adults in the short run.
Electronic media is a source of information and as well as play role in promoting violent
behavior among youth. Mainly the role of entertainment shows, dramas, ads, criminals programs,
documentaries and music in promoting violent behavior was focused. The purpose of study was
to find out those channels which are promoting violent behavior in reality.
The study was focused on to investigate the role of electronic media in promoting the
violent behavior among youth. 120 samples were taken with the use of convenient sampling
from Sargodha University. Data was collected with help of a well designed questioner. Collected
information was analyzed through SPSS software. Following findings were found after the
analysis of data.
Meet the objectives of study that presented the role of media in promoting violent behavior
among youth that explored the role of entertainment shows, dramas, ads, criminals programs and
documentaries and music in promoting violent behavior. Criminal’s documentary which played a
role to teach criminal techniques. Majority of respondent answer “that media is responsible for
promoting violent behavior among youth.” They answered “criminal documentaries’ teach
criminal technique.”
81
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Informed consent
I am the student of MSC Sociology at university of Sargodha. I am conducting a research

in order to fulfill my degree requirement. I am trying to find out the “the role of electronic
media in promoting violent behavior among youth”. I invite you to participate in the
research as respondent .I assure you that information provided by you would be
confidential and will be used only for research purposes. Thanks for your participation.
Name……………….. Age……………………….
1. Gender:
a) Male b) Female
2. Respondent age
a) 13-15 b) 16-18 c) 19-21 d) 22-24
3. Education
a) matric b) intermediate c) graduate /BS d) post graduate and other
4. Do you watch T.V?
a) Yes b) No
5. How much time you watch T.V?
a) 0-3 hours b) 4-7 hours c) 8-11 hours d) 12-15 hours
6. DO you watch T.V daily?
a) Yes b) No
Entertainment and media
Questions Strongl Agree neutral disagree Strongly

y agree disagree
7 Does electronic media Is a source of information?
8 Do you think that high user of electronic media

are violent than low user of media?
9 Does electronic media increases the level of
criminal’s activities?
10 Does electronic media is the cause of violent
attitude of youth?
88
11 Does an electronic medium increase the family
violence?
12 Do electronic media create the dispute among
youth?
M1ovies and news
13 Do you think that the news of media destroyed

the mental peace of youth?
14 Are you agree that media increase the
psychological problems among youth?
15 Do you think that news on media increase the fear
among youth?
16 Pakistani media is presenting violent movies?
17 Violent movies can play important role in

destruction character building of youth?
18 Movies are promoted thrill and advancer in
among youth?
19 Youth highly effected by violent movies and the
action which is perform by heroes?
20 Movies are mostly based on the theme of
revenge?
Dramas and ads
21 Dramas on media promoting violent behavior?

22 Dramas on media mostly finished our traditional
values?
23 Do you agree that dramas on media are full of
moral lesson?
24 Do you think that the dramas are fully avoiding
the violent action?
25 Are you agreeing that our dramas deeply affect
the mind of youth?
26 Do you agree that add on media promote the
violent action?
27 Ads are base on one man show authority?
89
News and criminal shows
28 Do you agree that news is source of information?
29 News is full with criminal actions instead of

informational news?
30 Criminals learn more form of criminal action due
to news?
31 Criminals documentary are is a source of
awareness?
32 Criminals documentary are is source of learning
new criminals’ technique for criminals?
33 These documentaries are promoting violent
themes?
34 People adopt that way which they watch on
media in their life?
Music and video
35 Do you like music?
36 Do you like fast music?
37 Mostly youth liked fast music?
38 Are music video promote violent seen?
39 Youth is affected by these types of music video?
40 Are you agree that in songs wording is based on

violent themes?
41 Music videos mostly promote the fighting
between boys?
42 Music play very important role in changing the
psychology of youth?
90

Zohra Sajjad Thesis

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“ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN PROMOTING

VIOLENT BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUTH”

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree Of

1.1. Significance of the study 15

1.3. Conceptual framework 17

Chapter-2: Literature review 18

2.1. Media Theories 19

2.2. Hypodermic Theory 19

2.3. Modeling Process 20

2.4. Short-term Change 21

2.5. Long-term Effects 21

2.6. Television violence and advertisements 22

2.6.1 Social learning theory 22

2.7. Age and violent behavior 23

2.8. Music and violent behavior 23

2.10. Criminal documentary 25

3.1. Population / universe 27

3.2.1 Sample size 27

3.2.2 Convenient sampling 28

3.3 Tool of Data Collection 28

3.4. Conceptual and operational definition of concept 30

Chapter-4: DATA ANALYSIS 33

5.1. Main Finding 75

1. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to Gender. 33

2. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to age. 34

3. Table: Percentage distribution of respondent according to education. 35

4. Table: Percentage distributions of respondent according to statement that 36

16. Table: Percentage distributions of respondent according to statement that 48

18. Table: Percentage distributions of respondent according to statement that 50

 First, to make money,

In the Financial Gazette of September 6-12, 2001, an article by Nzumara a journalist,

1.1. Significance of study

1.2. Objectives of study

1. To explore the role of media in promoting violent behavior among youth.

Back ground variable Independent variable Dependent variable

Age Advertisement Violent behavior

Criminal documentary and

Music and videos

Electronic Aggression. Electronic aggression is any kind of aggression perpetrated

 The Hypodermic or Bullet Theory

2.2. Hypodermic Theory

2.3. Modeling Process

 cognitive, to do with knowledge and feelings,

2.5. Long-term Effects

Cedric Cullingford (1984) most of the research on television violence is designed to

2.7. Age and violent behavior

2.8. Music and violence

2.10. Criminal documentary

Burger (1988) however, do provide a comprehensive examination based on

In sociological research, methodology technique and methods of statistical analysis are

3.1. Population /Universe

“Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a

3.2.1. Sample Size

3.2.2. Convenient sampling

3.3. Tool of Data Collection

“A paper form, yet to be filled in by the respondent. A questionnaire’s

“A questionnaire is simply a ‘tool’ for collecting and recording information about

Coding of questions is given below.

Coding of questions is given below.

A percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using

In percentage frequencies divided by no of respondent and multiply by 100 that is percentage.

3.4. Conceptual and operational definition of concept

3.4.4. Violent Behavior

Table No 1: Distribution of respondent according to Gender