Pathways of Glucose Metabolism

RNA & DNA Blood Glucose

Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway Glycogen degradation
Photosynthesis
Ribose Glycogen
Cellular Glucose
+ Glycogen synthesis
NADPH
Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis

Ribulose-P Lactate
Anaerobic
+ NADPH + CO2 Metabolism
Pyruvate
Ethanol

NADPH

Acetyl-CoA

Lipogenesis
Fats Electron O2
Transport

TCA Cycle NADH

H2O
 Early Stages of Glycolysis-Priming the Pump
O
CH2OH H2C O P O
ATP ADP
O O O
OH OH
hexokinase HO OH
HO OH
OH OH
NH2
NH2
N
N N
N
O O
O O O N
N N
N O P O P O CH2
O P O P O P O CH2
O O O
O O O O

HO OH
HO OH

ADP
ATP
 Early Stages of Glycolysis-Priming the Pump

O
O
H2C O P O
H2C O P O
O
O O O CH2OH
OH HO
HO OH phosphoglucose OH
OH isomerase OH
 Early Stages of Glycolysis-Priming the Pump

O
O O P O

H 2C O P O O

O CH2
ADP C O
O CH2OH ATP
HO HO C H
OH phosphofructokinase H C OH
OH H C OH
CH2
O
O P O
O
 Intermediate Stages of Glycolysis-
split the hexose & extract the energy

O
O P O
O
CH2
C O O H C O
HO C H aldolase O P O H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
O
H 2C
+ CH2
O
CH2 C O O P O
O CH2OH O
O P O
O

This reaction is an Aldol reaction. The six carbon fructose is split into
2 three carbon sugars.
 Intermediate Stages of Glycolysis-
Start extracting the energy

O
H C O O P O
H C OH O
Pi
CH2 NADH C O
NAD+
O H C OH
O P O CH2
G-3-P dehydrogenase
O O
O P O
O
 Intermediate Stages of Glycolysis-
1st ATP made
O
O P O O
C O
O ADP ATP
H C OH
C O
CH2
H C OH O
Phosphoglycerate kinase
CH2 O P O
O O

O P O
NH2
O NH2
N
N N
N O O O
O O N N
N O P O P O P O CH2
N
O P O P O CH2
O O O O
O O O

ADP ATP HO OH
HO OH
 Terminal Stages of Glycolysis

O
C O
O
H C OH
phosphoglycerate mutase C O O
CH2
H C O P O
O
O
O P O CH2OH

O
 Terminal Stages of Glycolysis

O
O
C O O
C O O
H C O P O
H C O P O
O enolase
CH2OH O
CH2

Dehydration of an alcohol to an alkene (shown in blue)

 Terminal Stages of Glycolysis

O ADP ATP O
C O O C O
H C O P O
pyruvate kinase
C O
O
CH2
CH3

NH2 NH2
N
N N
N
O O
N O O O
N N
O P O P O CH2 N
O P O P O P O CH2
O O O
O O O O

HO OH HO OH
ADP ATP
 Glycogen Metabolism

PPi
UTP UDP-Glucose
Glucose
ATP Pi
Glycogen synthase
ADP H 2O
Glucose-1-Phosphate Branched
Glucose-6-Phosphate
Glycogen
Pi

Glycogen phosphorylase
Glycogen
Fructose-6-Phosphate
Glycogen Synthesis
Glycogen Synthesis
Structure of Epinephrine
Structure of cAMP
G-protein Cascade for Glycogen degradation