Chapter 6

2019/6/16 Print Campbell Biology 10th edition Chapter 6 flashcards | Easy Notecards
front 1 back 1
Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic
cells and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not.
B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular
prokaryotes. organelles than prokaryotes.
C) Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying
instead on anaerobic metabolism.
D) Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.
front 2 back 2
You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the
following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its
surface area relative to its volume?
A) Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds.

C) Round the clay up into a sphere.
B) Flatten the cube into a pancake shape.
C) Round the clay up into a sphere.
D) Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.
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Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains.
What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Bacteria and Archaea B) Bacteria and Archaea

C) Archaea and Protista
D) Bacteria and Protista
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Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
A) chloroplast
B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion

C) mitochondrion
D) centriole
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Which of the following is present in a front 5 back 5
prokaryotic cell?
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome B) ribosome
C) chloroplast
D) ER
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In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____.
A) a membrane-enclosed nucleus
B) mitochondria C) the nucleoid

C) the nucleoid
D) ribosomes
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Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?
A) mitochondria
B) microtubules C) centrosomes
C) centrosomes
D) peroxisomes
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found front

in 8 back 8
eukaryotes?
A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of

the nucleus.
B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make A) It regulates the movement of proteins and
mRNA. RNAs into and out of the nucleus.
C) It selectively transports molecules out of the nucleus, but
prevents all inbound molecules from entering the nucleus.
D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized

in the nucleus
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Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
A) DNA
B) amino acids C) mRNA

C) mRNA
D) phospholipids
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Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect back 10
protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an

endomembrane system. C) Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are
B) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the synthesized on ribosomes bound to the
same as that in eukaryotes.
cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
C) Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes bound to
the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
D) Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack ribosomes.
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Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in
producing which of the following molecules?
A) lipids
B) glycogen C) proteins
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
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The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the
nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the
lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to
be the immediate consequence?
A) the loss of all nuclear function C) a change in the shape of the nucleus
B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
C) a change in the shape of the nucleus
D) failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information
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A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____.
A) primarily producing proteins for secretion
B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol
C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix
D) enlarging its vacuole
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Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole B) vacuole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) peroxisome
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A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

specialized to _____.
A) play a role in storage
B) synthesize large quantities of lipids B) synthesize large quantities of lipids

C) actively export protein molecules
D) import and export protein molecules
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Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
A) nuclear envelope
B) chloroplast B) chloroplast
C) Golgi apparatus
D) plasma membrane
The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structurefront
and 17 back 17
function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this
polarity?
A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the
opposite side.
D) All of the listed responses correctly describe
B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as
they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.
C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as
they move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of

the Golgi function
The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes
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the endomembrane system is largely determined by the _____.
A) transportation of membrane lipids among the membranes of the

endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles
B) function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane B) function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting
components and directing membrane components
C) modification of the membrane components once they reach their final
destination
D) synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the

endomembrane system
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Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be
exported from the cell?
A) rough ER
B) plasmodesmata A) rough ER
C) Golgi vesicles
D) free cytoplasmic ribosomes
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Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in
cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large,
complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be
involved in this condition?
A) the endoplasmic reticulum

C) the lysosome
B) the Golgi apparatus
C) the lysosome
D) mitochondrion
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The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs.
Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this
process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?
A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
B) smooth ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nuclear envelope
front 22 back 22
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that

will be secreted?
A) lysosome
B) mitochondrion C) Golgi apparatus

C) Golgi apparatus
D) peroxisome
front 23 back 23
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized
protein that will be secreted by a cell?
A) ER → Golgi → nucleus
C) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with
B) Golgi → ER → lysosome plasma membrane
C) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
D) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively front

in 24 back 24
construction. One risk from working in a building that contains
asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation
of asbestos fibers. Cells will phagocytize asbestos, but are not able
to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in _____.
A) mitochondria D) lysosomes
B) ribosomes
C) peroxisomes
D) lysosomes
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Which of the following is NOT true? Both chloroplasts and
mitochondria _____.
A) have their own DNA
B) have multiple membranes C) are part of the endomembrane system

C) are part of the endomembrane system
D) are capable of reproducing themselves
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Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic
cells?
A) lysosome
B) mitochondrion B) mitochondrion
C) Golgi apparatus
D) peroxisome
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Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in
_____.
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria A) chloroplasts
C) lysosomes
D) nuclei
front 28 back 28
In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____.
A) only in the nucleus
B) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts

C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and
chloroplasts
C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes
In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the29

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enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules
and _____.
A) combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate

hydrogen peroxide D) transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules
B) use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide to generate hydrogen peroxide
C) transfer the hydrogen to the mitochondria
D) transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen

peroxide
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The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____.
A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the

endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria
A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a
B) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell
to escape toxic oxygen—the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts larger host cell—the endosymbiont evolved into
C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus
mitochondria
D) acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of
mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi
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Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the
cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER?
A) in the extracellular matrix
B) in the Golgi apparatus C) in mitochondria

C) in mitochondria
D) in the nucleolus
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Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures:
enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria.
It could be a cell from _____.
A) a bacterium
C) nearly any eukaryotic organism
B) an animal but not a plant
C) nearly any eukaryotic organism
D) a plant but not an animal
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Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing
ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be
found within the _____.
A) mitochondria
B) peroxisomes
A) mitochondria
C) lysosomes
D) endoplasmic reticulum
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Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a
metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely
involved in this disease?
A) lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria
C) ribosomes
D) mitochondria
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Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting
with what types of cellular structures?
A) membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope
B) free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER C) components of the cytoskeleton

C) components of the cytoskeleton
D) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
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Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of
microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules
surrounding a pair of single microtubules?
A) motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia

B) flagella and motile cilia
B) flagella and motile cilia
C) basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia
D) centrioles and basal bodies
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Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is
used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine
would be unable to _____.
A) form cleavage furrows during cell division

C) separate chromosomes during cell division
B) migrate by amoeboid movement
C) separate chromosomes during cell division
D) maintain the shape of the nucleus
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Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which
involves _____.
A) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma

membrane
A) growth of actin filaments to form bulges in
B) setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the the plasma membrane
movement of cytoplasm
C) reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments
D) cytoplasmic streaming
Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells

frontby39 back 39
attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up
microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they
added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires
energy). Yet, when they put everything together, there was no movement
or transport of vesicles. What were they missing?
A) an axon D) motor proteins

B) contractile microfilaments
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) motor proteins
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Cilia and flagella bend because of _____.
A) conformational changes in ATP that thrust microtubules

laterally
B) a motor protein called radial spokes D) a motor protein called dynein

C) the quick inward movements of water by osmosis.
D) a motor protein called dynein
Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a 41

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defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs). What
do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?
A) abnormally shaped RBCs
B) an insufficient supply of ATP in the RBCs A) abnormally shaped RBCs

C) an insufficient supply of oxygen-transporting proteins in the
RBCs
D) adherence of RBCs to blood vessel walls, causing plaque

formation
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Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell
treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to _____.
A) divide in two
B) contract muscle fibers D) move vesicles within a cell

C) extend pseudopodia
D) move vesicles within a cell
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Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?
A) tubulin
B) laminin A) tubulin
C) actin
D) intermediate filaments
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Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?
A) The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling

scaffolding used at construction sites.
B) Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result
rarely found outside of the nucleus. of motor proteins causing microtubules to move
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing relative to each other.
microtubules to move relative to each other.
D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little
effect on a cell's response to external stimuli.
The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular
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matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of
the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular
structures?
A) They must block water and small molecules to regulate the exchange of C) They are constructed of polymers that are
matter and energy with their environment.
synthesized in the cytoplasm and then
B) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio transported out of the cell.
of cell surface area to volume.
C) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm

and then transported out of the cell.
D) They are composed of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides

front 46 back 46
A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add
polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause
defects in its _____.
A) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix

C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix
B) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix
D) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles
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The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation
of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the
outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?
A) gap junctions
B) the nucleus
D) integrins
C) DNA and RNA
D) integrins
front 48 back 48
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which
of the following structures in animal cells?
A) desmosomes
B) gap junctions B) gap junctions

C) extracellular matrix
D) tight junctions
front 49 back 49
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to
the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through _____.
A) plasmodesmata
B) tight junctions D) gap junctions

C) desmosomes
D) gap junctions
front 50 back 50
In plant cells, the middle lamella _____.
A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another
B) prevents dehydration of adjacent cells

A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one
another
C) maintains the plant's circulatory system
D) allows for gas and nutrient exchange among adjacent cells
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Where would you expect to find tight junctions?
A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach
B) between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough

endoplasmic reticulum A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach
C) between plant cells in a woody plant
D) in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
H. V. Wilson worked with sponges to gain some insight into exactly what
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was responsible for holding adjacent cells together. He exposed two
species of differently pigmented sponges to a chemical that disrupted the
cell-cell interaction (cell junctions), and the cells of the sponges
dissociated. Wilson then mixed the cells of the two species and removed
the chemical that caused the cells to dissociate. Wilson found that the C) The molecules responsible for cell-cell
sponges reassembled into two separate species. The cells from one species adhesion (cell junctions) differed between the
did not interact or form associations with the cells of the other species.
How do you explain the results of Wilson's experiments? two species of sponge.
A) The two species of sponge had different enzymes that functioned in the
reassembly process.
B) The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) were
Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans.
front 53 back 53
It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism.
This leads to a collection of fatty material in organs of the body including
the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your
knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement
below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of
cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.
C) The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of
enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids
A) The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce
adequate amounts of ATP needed for cellular respiration.
B) The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains too many ribosomes which

results in an overproduction of the enzyme involved in carbohydrate
catalysis.
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Cell size is limited by _____.
A) the number of proteins within the plasma membrane
B) the surface area of mitochondria in the cytoplasm C) surface to volume ratios

C) surface to volume ratios
D) the size of the endomembrane system
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All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____.
A) a cell wall
B) a plasma membrane D) an endoplasmic reticulum

C) ribosomes
D) an endoplasmic reticulum
A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy56

front back 56
microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly
as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What
is the primary reason for the price difference?
A) The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the B) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal,
specimen. but has low resolution and therefore poor
B) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and quality images.
therefore poor quality images.
C) The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens.
D) The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.
front 57 back 57
What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the

movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?
A) standard light microscopy

A) standard light microscopy
B) scanning electron microscopy
C) transmission electron microscopy
What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscopefront 58

(TEM) back 58
can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to
tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light
microscope?
A) The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. C) Electron beams have much shorter
B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. wavelengths than visible light.
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.
D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real
size.
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In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the
primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular
component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _____.
A) relative solubility of the component

B) size and weight of the component
B) size and weight of the component
C) percentage of carbohydrates in the component
D) presence or absence of lipids in the component
The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

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_____.
A) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than

electron microscopy
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than C) light microscopy allows one to view
electron microscopy dynamic processes in living cells
C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in
living cells
D) light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron

microscopy
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The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a
standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is a
_____.
A) mitochondrion
B) microtubule
A) mitochondrion
C) ribosome
D) microfilament

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2019/6/16 Print Campbell Biology 10th edition Chapter 6 flashcards | Easy Notecards

A) Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not.

D) Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.

A) Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds.

C) Round the clay up into a sphere.

D) Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.

A) Bacteria and Eukarya

B) Bacteria and Archaea B) Bacteria and Archaea

D) Bacteria and Protista

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion

Which of the following is present in a front 5 back 5

In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____.

B) mitochondria C) the nucleoid

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found front

A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of

D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized

B) amino acids C) mRNA

A) Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an

D) Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack ribosomes.

C) a change in the shape of the nucleus

D) failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____.

A) primarily producing proteins for secretion

D) enlarging its vacuole

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

A) play a role in storage

B) synthesize large quantities of lipids B) synthesize large quantities of lipids

D) import and export protein molecules

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of

A) transportation of membrane lipids among the membranes of the

D) synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the

D) free cytoplasmic ribosomes

A) the endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that

B) mitochondrion C) Golgi apparatus

D) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively front

A) have their own DNA

B) have multiple membranes C) are part of the endomembrane system

D) are capable of reproducing themselves

In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____.

A) only in the nucleus

B) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts

D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the29

A) combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate

D) transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen

A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell—the

A) in the extracellular matrix

B) in the Golgi apparatus C) in mitochondria

C) nearly any eukaryotic organism

D) a plant but not an animal

A) membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope

B) free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER C) components of the cytoskeleton

D) cellulose fibers in the cell wall

A) motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia

C) basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia

D) centrioles and basal bodies

A) form cleavage furrows during cell division

C) separate chromosomes during cell division