PLT 208 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

TUTORIAL 2

CHAPTER 3: ANGLE MODULATION

1. Discuss the advantages of Frequency Modulation (FM) over Amplitude Modulation

(AM).

2. Give three (3) comparisons between the narrowband FM (NBFM) and the
wideband (WBFM).

3. A message signal v m (t )  2 sin(10000t ) volt is used to frequency modulate the

carrier v c (t )  10 sin(180 x10 t ) volt. Given the percent modulation is 70%.
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Determine:
i) The deviation sensitivity of the modulator circuit.
ii) The frequency deviation of the modulated carrier.

4. A message signal v m (t )  2 sin(30000t ) volt is used to frequency modulate the

carrier vc (t )  10 sin(200 x10 6 t ) volt. The frequency sensitivity of the
modulating circuit is k1 = 25 kHz/V. Determine the modulation index.

5. Input to an FM modulator with a modulation index m=1.5, is a modulating signal

Vm(t)=Vm sin (2π1000t), and an unmodulated carrier Vc(t)=20 sin(2π500kt).Using
the Bessel graph, determine
i) number of sets of significant side frequencies
ii) Their amplitudes
iii) Draw the frequency spectrum showing their relative amplitudes
iv) Assume load resistance RL =50Ω; determine the unmodulated carrier
power
v) The total power in the angle modulated wave.

6. Explain the relationship between the power in the unmodulated carrier and the
power in the modulated wave for FM.

7. A sinusoidal signal of frequency 15 kHz modulates the frequency of a 10V 100

MHz carrier, causing a frequency deviation of 75 kHz. Using Bessel Table,

(i) Sketch the amplitude spectrum of the FM signal.

(ii) Determine the fraction of the total power contained in the frequency
band 99.93 MHz to 100.07 MHz.

8. A 5 kHz signal of 5V serves as the modulating signal for two modulator circuits.
One of FM modulator of sensitivity 15 kHz/V and the other a PM modulator of
 sensitivity 0.6 rad/V. Determine the Carson’s bandwidth of each of an angle
modulated signal.

9. When the carrier signal v (t )  10 sin(10 t ) V is frequency modulated by the

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message signal v (t )  2 sin(10 t ) , the carrier frequency varies within  4%

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of its unmodulated value.

i) What is the modulation index?

ii) What is frequency sensitivity of the modulator?
iii) Determine the Carson’s bandwidth and actual transmission bandwidth
iv) Sketch the amplitude spectrum of the FM signal
v) Determine the percentage of total power contained in the frequency
band 473 kHz to 526 kHz.

10. Determine deviation ratio and bandwidth for the worse case(widest bandwidth)
modulation index

i) For an FM broadcast band transmitter with a maximum frequency

deviation of 75 kHz and a maximum modulating signal frequency of
15 kHz.
ii) For an equal modulation index in (a) with only half the peak frequency
deviation and modulating signal.
iii) Discuss your observation for the answers given in (a) and (b) in terms
of bandwidth occupied in FM.

11. There are two ways to produce Frequency Modulation (FM) signal which are
direct method and indirect method. Briefly explain both of them.

12. With the aid of diagram, briefly explain the operation of the PLL demodulator.

13. Given an FM modulated waveform VFM ( t )  20 cos(1x10 6 t  sin 20x10 3  t )

transmitted through an antenna with a load resistance R L  12 . Determine the
following:

(i) The carrier frequency, fc, modulating frequency, fm and modulation

index, mf.
(ii) The average power in unmodulated carrier.
(iii) The power in each significant side frequencies and thus, the total
power in modulated carrier. (Hint: Use the Bessel Function table).
(iv) Sketch and label the power spectrum of the modulated output wave
with their respective power amplitudes.
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