TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

I. Introduction

Objectives 2

Importance of Estimates 3

II. Specifications 4

III. Summary of Bill of Materials 5

IV. Detailed Estimates

Direct Cost 7

Indirect Cost 7

Computations

Earthworks 8

Concrete Works 9

Masonry 10

Steel Works 11

Tile 13

Painting 14

Truss 15

Roofing 19

V. Price Quotation and Canvass Sheet 21

VI. Labour Costs 22

VII. Appendix 23s

1
 INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES
To give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost

An estimate is necessary to give the owner a reasonably accurate idea of the

cost to help him decide whether the works can be undertaken as proposed or
needs to be curtailed or abandoned, depending upon the availability of funds
and prospective direct and indirect benefits. For government works proper
sanction has to be obtained for allocating the required amount. Works are often
let on a lump sum basis, in which case the Estimator must be in a position to
know exactly how much expenditure he is going to incur on them

1. Estimating Materials

From the estimate of a work it is possible to determine what materials and in

what quantities will be required for the works so that the arrangements to
procure them can be made.

2. Estimating Labor

The number and kind of workers of different categories who will have to be
employed to complete the work in the specified time can be found from the
estimate.

3. Estimating Plant

An estimate will help in determining amount and kind of equipment needed to

complete the work.

4. Estimating Time

The estimate of a work and the past experience enable one to estimate quite
closely the length of time required to complete an item of work or the work as a
whole.

Whereas the importance of knowing the probable cost needs no emphasis,

estimating materials, labor, plant and time is immensely useful in planning and
execution of any work.

2
 IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATES

Estimating is the most important of the practical aspects of construction

management, and the subject deserves the closest attention of one aspiring to a

career in the profession. It is a comparatively simple subject to understand;

however, as it brings one up against practical work, methods and procedure,

knowledge of it cannot be acquired without close application

Estimating the cost for the construction plays an important role to a

project for it helps the engineer and the client in setting the budget for the plan.

It also helps the engineer in managing the time for the construction and it also

helps the engineer to determine the equipment and costs (direct or indirect)

needed for the whole plan which is really a necessity.

3
 SPECIFICATIONS

This set of specifications shall govern the methods of construction and

the kind materials to be used for the proposed building shown in the plans and
detail drawings.

The plans, detail drawings and these specifications shall be considered

as complementing each other, so that what is mentioned or shown in one,
although not mentioned or shown in the other, shall be considered as appearing
on both. In case of conflict between the two, the same should be referred to the
designing engineer for resolution.

The construction shall conform to all the requirements of the National

Building Code, as well as the local rules and regulations of the
Municipality/City of Davao, Philippines.

Proportioning of Concrete

Using Class A mixture – 1 : 2 : 4

Forms for Concrete Works

Traditional Timber Formwork

Steel Reinforcing Bars

10 mm diameter x 6m steel bars

12 mm diameter x 6m steel bars

Concrete Hollow Blocks

Pre-made .2x.4m C.H.B.

4
 SUMMARY OF BILL OF MATERIALS

Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost

Concrete Works
Concrete 899 bags 235.00 211,265.00
Sand 40.5 cu.m. 500.00 20,250.00
Gravel 82 cu.m. 700.00 57,400.00
C.H.B. 3773 pcs. 15.00 56,595.00
White Cement 55.5 kg 35.00 1,942.00
Vinyl Floor Tiles 2692 pcs 46.00 169,832.00
Steel Works
10 mm diameter 240 pcs 145.00 34,800.00
12 mm diameter 238 pcs 325.00 77,350.00
Wood Works
2”x2” Coco Lumber 318 Bdft 18.00 5,724.00
Roof Works
10’ G.I. Cor. Roofing Sheets 48 sheets 205.00 9,840.00
Rivets 6 kg 9.00 54.00
G.I. Washer 17 kg 23.00 391.00
Lead Washers 28.5 kg 150.00 4275.00
Doors & Windows
D-1 Panel Door 1 set 6800.00 6,800.00
D-2 Panel Door 1 set 9500.00 9,500.00
D-3 Panel Door 3 set 4500.00 13,500.00
D-4 PVC Door 3 set 1200.00 3,600.00
Door Lock 8 set 560.00 4,480.00
Door Hinges 18 pairs 95.00 1,710.00
W-1 (1.2mx1.8m) 10 set 2000.00 20,000.00
W-2 (1.2mx1.2m) 2 set 1500.00 3,000.00
W-3 (1.2mx.6m) 2 set 950.00 1,900.00
W-4 (.5mx1m) 2 set 900.00 1,800.00

5
 Earthworks
Excavation 94.14 cu.m.
Fill Materials 96.46 cu.m. 150.00 14,469.00
Gravel Base 9.41 cu.m. 1200.00 11,292.00
Backfill 77.17 cu.m. 120.00 9,260.00

6
 DETAILED ESTIMATES

Direct Costs

A. Estimated Costs of Materials 751,029.00

B. Estimated Cost of Labor 314,100.00

C. Estimated Expenses for Contingency 315,050.00

Estimated Total Direct Cost ₱1,380,173.00

Indirect Costs

D. Contractor’s Profit 233,533.00

E. Contractor’s Tax 165,620.76

Estimated Total Indirect Cost ₱399,153.76

Total Project Cost ₱1,779,326.76

7
 EARTHWORKS
Area of Floor Slab

A. (5m×4m) = 20m²

B. (3.5m×5m) = 17.5m²

C. (8m×4m) = 32m²

D. (6m×3.5m) = 21m²

E. (4.5m×4.5m) = 20.25m²

110.75m²

Volume of Floor Slab

VFloor Slab= (110.75m²×0.85m) = 94.14m3

Volume of footing and walls below the natural ground

Column Footing
V = (1m×1m×0.35m×13 columns) = 4.55m3

Column

V = (0.3m×0.3m×1.2m×13 columns) = 1.4m2

Wall Footing

V = (0.4m×0.25m×50.1m) = 5.01m3

C.H.B. Wall

V = (0.2m×0.6m×50.1m) = 6.01m3

Total 16.79m3

Space to be filled

VFloor Slab – VF&W = 94.14m3 – 16.97m3 = 77.17m3

Earthfill required

VEarthfill = (77.17m3×1.25) = 96.46m3

Thickness of Gravel Fill

VFloor Slab x 0.10 = (94.14m3×0.10) = 9.41m3

8
 CONCRETE WORKS

Column Footing

V = (1m×1m×0.35m×13 pcs) = 4.55m3

Column

V = (0.3m×0.3m×1.2m×13 pcs) = 1.404m3

Wall Footing

V = (0.4m×0.25m×50.1m) = 5.01m3

C.H.B. Walls

V = (0.2m×0.6m×50.1m) = 6.01m3

Slabs

1st Floor: V = (110.75m2×0.2m) = 22.15m3

2nd Floor: V = (110.75m2×0.3m) = 33.23m3

Total: V = 4.55m3 + 1.40m3 + 5.01 m3 + 6.01m3 + 22.15m3 + 33.23m3

= 72.3m3

Use Class A for mixture

Concrete: (72.35m3×9) = 651.15 say 652 bags of 40 kg. Portland Cement

Sand: (72.35m3×0.5) = 36.18 say 36.5 cu.m.

Gravel: (72.35m3×1) = 72.35 say 72.5 cu.m.

9
 MASONRY

Area of walls (Inner and Outer)

A = Area of walls – Area of doors and windows

= [(13×3×2)+(9.5×3×2)+(7.5×3×3)+(11×3×2)+(3×3×2)+(2.6×3×2)+

(5×3)+(3.5×3)] – [(3.2×2.14)+(18×2.2)+(0.9×2.1×3)+(0.7×2.1×3)+

(3×0.5)+(2×0.6×1.2)+(1.2×1.2×2)+(1.8×10×1.2)]

= 327.6m2 – 48.3m2

A = 279.8m2

C.H.B to be used

279.8m2×12.5×1.05 = 3672.36 say 3773 pieces of C.H.B.

Mortar

NCement = 279.8m2×0.792×1.05 = 232.68 say 233 bags of 40-kg cement

VSand = 279.8m2×0.0435×1.05 = 12.78 say 13 cu.m.of fine aggregates

Plaster

A = 279.8m2×2 (sides of wall)= 559.6m2

V= 279.8m2×0.20m = 11.19m3

NCement = 11.19m3×0.36 = 4.03 say 4.5 bags of 40-kg cement

VSand = 11.19m3×0.02 = 0.22m3 say 1 cu.m. of fine aggregates

10
 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Column Footing

Net length of one cut reinforcing bar

Net length = 1m – (2×0.5m) = 0.9m

Total number of cut bars in all footing

n = 7×2 = 14 pcs. per footing (crosswise)

14 pcs. ×13 footings =182 pieces of cut bars

Total pieces needed (6m commercial steel bars)

n = 6m ÷ 0.9m = 6.5 pieces

N = 182 pcs.÷6.5 pieces = 28 pcs. 12 mm diameter×6m steel bars

Column

Spacing of lateral ties

a. 16×12mm = 19.2m

b. 48×10mm = 48cm

c. The least side of the column is 48cm

Number of lateral ties in the column

7.2𝑚
= 37.5 say 38
.192𝑚

38+1 = 39 pcs.

39 pcs×13 columns = 507 ties

Total bars needed (6m commercial steel bars)

507
= 84.5 say 85 pcs. 10 mm diameter×6m steel bars
6𝑚

11
 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Beams

There are 30 stirrups at 0.9m long say 1m per beam

Total number of stirrups

N = 30 stirrups×28 beams = 840 stirrups

Total bars needed (6m commercial steel bars)

840
= 140 pcs. 12mm diameter×6m steel bar
6𝑚

For reinforcement

N = 103.6m÷6m = 17.27

17.27×4 = 69.08 say 70 pcs 12mm diameter×6m steel bars

Walls

Total area of walls = 279.8m2 (refer to masonry)

Vertical reinforcement: 80cm spacing

279.8m2×1.6 = 447.68m2

Horizontal reinforcement: every 4 layers

279.8m2×1.72 = 481.26m2

Total bars needed (6m commercial steel bars)

447.68m2+481.26m2 = 928.94m2

928.94÷6 = 154.82 say 155 pcs 10mm diameter×6m steel bars

12
 TILEWORKS

For area of the floor, refer to Earthworks.

Area = 11=.75m2

Pieces of tiles needed

N = 110.75 ÷ 0.03 = 3691.67 say 3692 pieces of floor tiles

Cement Mortar

Area = 11=.75m2

NCement = 110.75 × 0.086 = 9.52 say 10 bags of 40-kg cement

NWhite Cement = 110.75 × 0.50 = 55.38 say 55.5 kg

NTile Adhesive = 110.75 × 0.11 = 12.18 say 12.5 bags

13
 PAINTING

Area for walls

A = 279.8

The walls have a fine surface. For fine surface, the total area coverage of a

gallon is 40m2

For surface primer

N = 279.8m2 ÷ 40m2 = 6.995 say 7 gallons of surface primer

For final coat

N = 279.8m2 ÷ 40m2 = 6.995 say 7 gallons of final coat

For neutralizer

N = 7 gallons ÷ 2.5 =2.8 say 3 gallons of neutralizer

14
 TRUSS

Truss 1
2049 200
=
2950+k k

k = 319.09

E =√2002 + 319.092 = 376.59

Z1 =√20442 + (2950 + 31.09)2 - 376.59 = 3481.56

X 2049 X 2049
= =
950+319.09 3269.09 1000+950+319.09 3269.09

X1 = 795.44 X2 =1422.22

Y1 = √10002 + 795.442 Y2 = √1422.222 + 10002

Y1 = 1277.78 Y2 = 1738.59

T1=2950+2049+3481.56+795.44+1422.22+1277.78+1738.59

T1=13714.59+200

T1 =13194.50mm

15
Truss 2
2500 200
=
4700+k k

k = 408.7

E =√2002 + 408.72 = 455.01

Z1 =√25002 + 5108.72 - 455.01 = 3481.56

X 2500
= Y1 = √7252 + 554.792 = 912.92
1133.7 5108.7

X1 = 554.79 Y2 = 1445.77

X2 = 1044.15 Y3 =1830.75

X3 = 1533.51 Y4 = 2256.55

X4 = 2022.87

T2 = 2433.9mm × 2 = 4867.8mm

16
Truss 3
1663 200
=
2325+k k

k = 317.84

E =√16632 + 317.842 = 455.01

Z1 =√25002 + 2702.84 2 - 455.01 = 2747

X 1663
= Y1 = √10002 + 1033.752 = 1438.28
1642.84 2642.84

X1 = 1033.75

T3 = 9407.03mm × 6 = 56442.18mm

Truss 4
2500 200
=
6667+k k

k = 579.74

E =√2002 + 579.742 = 613.27

Z1 =√7246.742 + 25002 - 613.27 = 7052.58

X 2500
= Y1 = 1265.2
1667+579.74 2246.74

X1 = 775.07 Y2 = 1501.52

X2 = 1120.07 Y3 =1773.8

X3 = 1465.05 Y4 = 2067.9

X4 = 1810.03 Y5 = 237.73

X5 = 2155.02

T4 = 32128.97mm × 4 = 128,515.88mm

17
Truss 5
2049 200
=
4193+k k

k = 453.54

E =√2002 + 453.542 = 495.68

Z1 =√20492 + 4646.542 - 495.68 = 3481.56

X1 = 719.55 Y1 = 1231.97

X2 = 1156.56 Y2 =1528.93

X3 = 1593.57 Y3 = 1881.35

T5 = 19593.67mm

Truss 6
2500 200
=
4750+k k

k = 415.04

E =√2002 + 415.042 = 458.91

Z1 =√25002 + 5108.72 - 458.91 = 5277.55

X1 = 551.05 Y1 = 1141.78

X2 = 1035.26 Y2 =1439.36

X3 = 1519.47 Y3 = 1819

X4 = 2003.68 Y4 = 2239.36

T6 = 46507.66mm×2 = 93015.32mm

TT = T1+T2+T3+T4+T5+T6 = 297995.35mm

298m×0.05×0.05= 0.75m or 317.83say 318 Bdft of coco lumber

18
 ROOFING

Using a 3mx1.2m sheet

ASheet = (3 – 0.2/2) (1.2 – 0.1) = 3.19m

1
A1 = (5.37) (4.75) (2) = 25.48
2

25.48
N1 = = 7.99 say 8 sheets
3.19

A2 = 44.15
44.15
N2 = = 13.84 say 14 sheets
3.19

A3 = 51.05
51.05
N3 = = 16 sheets
3.19

1
A4&5 = 3 (3.41) (2) = 10.23
2

6.9
N4 = = 2.26 say 3 sheets
3.19

10.23
N5 = = 3.21 say 4 sheets
3.19

A6 = 15.25
15.25
N6 = = 4.8 or 5 sheets
3.19

AT = 25.48 + 44.15 + 51.05 + 10.23 + 6.9 +15.25 = 152.06

153.06
NT = = 47.98 say 48 sheets
3.19

19
G.I. Rivets

NRivets = NT × Rivets

= 48 × 22 = 1056 pieces

Convert to kg

X = 1056 ÷ 180 = 5.87 say 6 kg

G.I. & Lead Washers

NWashers = (NRivets × 2)

= (1056 × 2) = 2112 pieces

XGI Washers = 2112 ÷ 126 = 16.76 say 17 kg

XLead = 2112 ÷ 75 = 28.16 say 28.5kg

Plain GI Anchor Strap

NAnchor Strap = NRivet

NAS = 1056

NSheet = 1056 ÷ 342 = 3.09 say 4 pieces 36”x8ft. Plain G.I. Sheet

1056×3 (nails per strap) = 3168

Convert to kg

X = 3168 ÷ 695 = 4.56 say 5 kg. 4d c.w. nail

20
 PRICE QUOTATION AND CANVASS SHEET

Materials Unit Unit Price Supplier

Gravel cu.m. 700.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
2”x2” Coco Lumber Bdft 18.00 JP Lumber
Holcim Portland Cement bags 235.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
Sand cu.m. 500.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
10x20x40 CHB pcs. 15.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
20x20 vinyl tiles pcs. 46.00 Citi Hardware
White Cement kg 35.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
Boysen latex paint gal 486.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
Boysen flat wall enamel gal 546.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
Boysen quick dry enamel gal 603.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
Thinner gal 295.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
10mm diameter steel bar m 145.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
12mm diameter steel bar m 325.00 Seahorse Parts and Hardware
JHP Construction Supply and
10’GI Cor. Roofing Sheets sheet 205.00 Hardware
JHP Construction Supply and
Rivets kg 9.00
Hardware
JHP Construction Supply and
GI Washer kg 23.00
Hardware
JHP Construction Supply and
Lead Washer kg 150.00
Hardware
Panel Door (for D-1) set 6800.00 Candido’s Works
Panel Door (for D-2) set 9500.00 Candido’s Works
Panel Door (for D-3) set 4500.00 Candido’s Works
Panel Door (for D-4) set 1200.00 Candido’s Works
JHP Construction Supply and
Door Lock set 560.00
Hardware
JHP Construction Supply and
Door Hinges pair 95.00
Hardware
Window (for W-1) set 2000.00 Candido’s Works
Window (for W-2) set 1500.00 Candido’s Works
Window (for W-3) set 950.00 Candido’s Works
Window (for W-4) set 900.00 Candido’s Works

21
 LABOR COST

Cost of manpower per day

Manpower Quantity Labor Cost Total

Foreman 3 500.00 1500.00

Carpenter 5 410.00 2050.00
Laborer 5 350.00 1750.00
Welder 2 390.00 780.00
Tinsmith 2 450.00 900.00

Total 6980.00/day

22