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Ionic Equilibrium
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Ionic Equilibrium
Q.9 What is the solubility product of Ag2CrO4 if Q.16 An unknown volume and unknown
0. 0166 g of the salt dissolves in 500 ml of water concentration of weak acid HX is titrated with
NaOH of unknown concentration. After
6.1
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Ionic Equilibrium
addition of 10. 0 cm3 of NaOH solution, pH of Q.22 The ionization constant of acetic acid is 1.
solution is 5. 8 and after the addition of 20. 0 74 × 10–5. Calculate the degree of dissociation
cm3 of NaOH solution, the pH is 6. 4. Calculate of acetic acid in its 0. 05 M solution. Calculate
the pH of aqueous solution of 0. 1 M NaX. the concentration of acetate ion in the solution
and its pH.
Q.17 A solution containing zinc and
manganese ions each at a concentration of 0. Q.23 It has been found that the pH of a 0. 01
01 mol dm3 is saturated with H S2 . Calculate M solution of an organic acid is 4. 15. Calculate
(i)pH at which the MnS will form a precipitate the concentration of the anion, the ionization
(ii) conc, of Zn+2 ions remaining. constant of the acid and its pKa
Given: [H2S] = 0. 1 mol/lit,
K sp(ZnS) = 1 ×10–22mol2 lit–2, Q.24 Assuming complete dissociation,
Ksp (MnS) = 5. 6 × 10–16mol2 lit–2 . calculate the pH of the following solutions:
K1 and K2 for H2S are 1 × 10–7 (a) 0. 003 M (b) 0. 005 M NaOH
and 1. 1 × 10–14 (c) 0. 002 M HBr (d) 0. 002 M KOH
Q.18 For the indicator thymol blue, the value of Q.25 Calculate the pH of the following
pH is 2. 0, when half of the indicator is present solutions:
in an unionized form. Calculate the percentage (a)2 g of TlOH dissolved in water to give 500 ml
of the indicator in the unionized form in a of solution.
solution of 4. 0 × 10–3 mol/dm3 hydrogen ion (b)0. 3 g of Ca (OH)2 dissolved in water to give
concentration. 2 litre of solution
(c)0. 3 g of NaOH dissolved in water to give 200
Q.19 One of the substances sometimes mLof solution.
responsible for the hardness of water is CaSO4. (d)1 mL of 13. 6 M HCl is diluted with water to
A particular water sample has 131 ppm CaSO give 1 litre of solution
(4131 g CaSO4 per 106 g of water). If this water
boiled in a tea kettle, approximately what Q.26 If the solubility product of silver oxalate is
fraction of water must be evaporated before 1 × 10–11, what will be the weight of Ag2C2O4 in
CaSO4(s) begins to deposit? Assume that 2. 5 litres of a saturated solution?
solubility of CaSO4 does not change with
temperature in the ange 0 to 100°C, Ksp (CaSO4) Q.27 Calculate the hydrolysis constant of KF.
= 9. 1 × 10–6 . Determine the degree of hydrolysis of salt in a
0. 01 M solution and the pH of the solution.
Q.20 The indicator phenol red is half in the Ka(HF) = 6. 6 × 10–4.
ionic form when pH is 7. 2. If the ratio of the
undissociated form to the ionic form is 1: 5, find Q.28 Assuming that the buffer in blood is
the pH of the solution. With the same pH for CO3 HCO3 , calculate the ratio of conjugate
solution, if indicator is altered such that the base to acid necessary to maintain blood at its
ratio of undissociated form to dissociated form proper pH, 7. 4 K1 (H2CO3)= 4. 5 × 10–7.
becomes 1: 4, find the pH when 50% of the new Q.29 How does the solubility of CaC2O4 in a 0.
indicator is in ionic form. 1 M solution of ( NH4)2C2O4 decrease in
Q.21 The first ionization constant of H2S is 9. comparison with its solubility in water? Assume
1×10–8. Calculate the concentration of HS– ion that the ionisation of (NH4)2C2O4 is complete.
in its 0. 1 M solution. How will this [Ksp (CaC2O4) = 2 × 10–9]
concentration be affected if the solution is 0. 1 Q.30 How many moles of sodium hydroxide
M in HCl also? If the second dissociation can be added to 1. 0 L of a solution 0. 10 M in
constant of H2S is 1. 2 × 10–13. Calculate the NH3 and 0. 10 M in NH4Cl without changing the
concentration of S2– under both conditions. pOH by more than 1 unit. Assume no change
in volume. Kb= 1. 8 × 10–
6.2
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Ionic Equilibrium
6.3
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Ionic Equilibrium
2
6.4
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Ionic Equilibrium
6.5
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Ionic Equilibrium
6.6
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Ionic Equilibrium
Q.4 The value of Kw at the physiological Q.14 Calculate OH– concentration at the
temperature (37°C) is 2. 56 × 10–14. What is the equivalent point when a solution of 0. 1 M
pH at the neutral point of water at this acetic acid is titrated with a solution of 0. 1 M
temperature? NaOH. Ka for the acid = 1. 9 × 10–5]
6.7
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Ionic Equilibrium
6.8
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Ionic Equilibrium
6.9
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Ionic Equilibrium
Q.18 50 litre of a solution containing 10–5 mole Q.25 In which of the following pairs of solutions
of Ag+ is mixed with 50 litre of a 2 × 10–7M HBr is there no effect on the pH upon dilution?
solution. [Ag+] in resultant solution is: (A) 0. 1 M NH3 and 0. 1 M(NH4)2SO4
[Given: Ksp(AgBr) = 5 × 10–13] (B) 0. 1 M NaH2PO4 and 0. 1 M Na2HPO4
(A) 10–5 M (B) 10–6M (C) 0. 1 M HCl and 0. 01 M NaOH
–7
(C) 10 M (D)None of these (D) 0. 1 M KCl and 0. 1 M HCl
Q.19 pH of a saturated solution of silver salt of Paragraph 1
monobasic acid HA is found to be 9. 1. 2 g of a monoprotic acid HA, is titrated with
Find the Ksp of sparingly soluble salt AgA(s). 0. 222 M NaOH solution. The pH of the solution
Given: Ka (HA) = 10–10 is monitored with pH meter. A portion of the
(A) 1. 1 × 10–11 (B) 1. 1 × 10–10 titration curve is shown in the diagram.
(C) 10–12 (D)None of these Q.26 How many mL of NaOH is required to
Q.20 In the following reaction: Expanded titration
[Cu(H2O)3 (OH)]++ [Al(H2O)6]3+ 12. curve of
AB 00
HA vs NaOH
[Cu(H2O)4]2+ + [Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ 11.
CD 00
(A) A is an acid and B the base 10.
(B) A is a base and B the acid 00
(C) C is the conjugate acid of A, and D is the
9. 00
conjugate base of B
(D) C is the conjugate base of A, and D is the 8. 00
conjugate acid of B 7. 00
15 16 17 18 19 20
Q.21 Which does not react with NaOH or which Volume of NaOH(mL)
is not acid salt?
bring about the titration to its equivalence
(A) NaH2PO2 (B) Na2HPO3
point?
(C) Na2HPO4 (D) NaHCO3
(A) 4. 00 (B) 9. 00
Q.22 pH of the following solution is not (C) 19. 00 (D)None of these
affected by dilution:
Q.27 What is the pH of solution at the
(A) 0. 01 M CH3COONa
equivalence point?
(B) 0. 01 M NaHCO3
(A) 3. 50 (B) 7. 00
(C) buffer of 0. 01 M CH3 COONa and 0. 01 M
(C) 8. 40 (D) None of these
CH3COOH
(D) 0. 01 M CH3COONH4 Q.28 What is the molar mass of HA?
Q.23 Which of the following mixtures (A) 180 (B) 222
constitute a buffer? (C) 282 (D) None of these
(A) CH3COOH + CH3 COONa
6.10
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Ionic Equilibrium
Paragraph 2 indicator)
Potash alum is K Al(SO4)2. 12H2O. As a strong (A) 200 ml of H2SO4 (P) Phenol Red (6.8
electrolyte, it is considered to be 100 % solution (specific to 8.4)
dissociated into K+, Al3+ and SO24 . The gravity 1. 225
solution is acidic because of the hydrolysis of containing 25%
Al3+, but not so acidic as might be expected, H2SO4 by weight) +
because the SO24 can sponge up some of the 800 ml of 0. 525 M
strong triacidic base
H3O+ by forming HS0 4 . Given a solution made X (OH)3
by dissolving 11. 85 gm of K Al(SO4)2 . 12H2O in (B) 50 ml of 0. 1 M (Q)Propyl red (4. 6 to
enough water to make 100 cm3 of solution. HCO3 +50 ml of 0. 8 6. 4)
What is [H3O+] of the solution if M CO32 (H2CO3: Ka1
Q.29 None of the ion is hydrolyzing. = 4 × 10–7, Ka2 = 2 ×
(A) 10–7 M 10–11)
(B) less than 10–7 M (C) 50 ml of 0. 2 M (R) Phenolphtalein
(C) More than 10–7 M HA(aq) (Ka= 10–5) + (8. 3 to 10. 1)
(D) 0. 0 50 ml of 0. 1 M
HCl(aq) + 100 ml of0.
Q.30 Only Al3+ is hydrolysing and its first
13M NaOH (aq)
hydrolysis constant is 1. 4 × 10–5M
(S)Malachite green
(A) 1. 87 × 10–3 M (B) 6. 24 ×10–4M
(11. 4 to 13)
(C) 0. 09 M (D) None of these
Q.34
Column I Column II
(pH of resultant (Exist between
solution) Colour transition
range of an
6.12
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Ionic Equilibrium
Q.2 Pure ammonia is placed in a vessel at a Q.7 Aqueous solutions of HNO3 KOH,
temperature where its dissociation constant () CH3COOH, and CH3COONa of identical
is appreciable. At equilibriumN2 + 3H2 ⇌NH3 concentrations are provided. The pair(s) of
(1984) solutions which form a buffer upon mixing
(A) Kp does not change significantly with is(are) (2010)
pressure (A) HNO3 and CH3COOH
(B) does not change with pressure (B) KOH and CH3COONa
(C) concentration of NH3 does not change with (C) HNO3 and CH3COONa
pressure (D) CH3COOH and CH3COONa
(D) concentration of hydrogen is less than that
of nitrogen Q.8 The equilibrium 2 CuI ⇌ Cu0 + CuII in
aqueous medium at 25°C shifts towards the left
Q.3 A certain buffer solution contains equal in the presence of . (2011)
concentration of X– and HX. The Kb for X– is 10– (A) NO3
(B) Cl –
10
. The pH of the buffer is (1984) (C) SCN– (D) CN–
(A) 4 (B) 7
(C) 10 (D) 14 Q.9 The solubility of Mg(OH)2 in pure water is
9. 57 × 10–3 g/L. Calculate its solubility (in g/L)
Q.4 A certain weak acid has a dissociation in 0. 02M Mg(NO3 )2 solution. (1986)
constant of 1. 0 × 10–. The equilibrium constant
for its reaction with a strong base is (1984) Q.10 What is the pH of the solution when 0. 20
–4 –10
(A) 1. 0 × 10 (B)1. 0 × 10 moles of HCl is added to one litre of a solution
(C) 1. 0 × 1010 (D) 1. 0 × 1014 containing:
(i) 1 M each of acetic acid and acetate ion
Q.5 Solubility product constant (Ksp) of salts of (ii)0. 1 M each of acetic acid and acetate ion
types MX, MX2 and M3X at temperature ‘T’ are Assume the total volume is one litre. Ka for
4. 0 × 10–8, 3. 2 ×10–14 and 2. 7 × 10–15, acetic acid =1. 8 × 10–5 (1987)
respectively. Solubilities (mol. dm–3 )of the salts
at temperature ‘T’ are in the order (2008) Q.11 At a certain temperature, equilibrium
(A) MX > MX2 > M3X constant (Kc) is 16 for the reaction;.
(B) M3X > MX2 > MX SO2(g) +NO2(g) ⟶SO3(g) + NO(g)
(C) MX2 > M3X >MX
If we take one mole of each of all the four gases
(D) MX > M3X > MX2
in a one litre container, what would be the
2 equilibrium concentrations of NO and NO2?
Q.6 2. 5 mL of M weak monoacidic base (Kb
5 (1987)
2
= 1 × 10–12 at 25°C) is titrated with M
15
6.13
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Ionic Equilibrium
Plancessential Questions
JEE MAIN/BOARDS EXERCISE 1
Q.1 Q.4 Q.6 Q.8 Q.13 Q.17 Q.19
Q.28 Q.29
6.14
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Ionic Equilibrium
ANSWER KEY
Q.2. 1.5 times Q.18 (i) 28.57% (ii) 4.11 × 10–4 mol dm-3
Q.19 67%
Q.3 1.44 × 10–4
Q.20 pH = 7.3
Q.4 (a) 1.76 × 10–4 mg/L,
(b) 8.8 × 10–5 mg/L, Q.21 [HS–] 9.54 × 10–5 ,in 0.1 M HCl[HS–] = 9.1
(c) 1.588 mg/L × 10–8 M,
[S2–] = 1.2 × 10–13 M, in 0.1 M HCl [S2–] = 1.09
Q.5 No
× 10–19 M
Q.6 4.11 × 10–4 M
Q.22 [Ac–] = 0.00093, pH = 3.03
Q.7 5.6 × 10–10, 2.4 × 10–4 , 5.63
Q.23 [A–] = 7.08 × 10–5 M, Ka= 5.08 × 10–7,
Q.8 2.87,1.3 pKa= 6.29
Q.9 Ksp(Ag,CrO4) = 4 × 10–12 Q.24 (a) 2.52 (b) 11.70 (c) 2.7(d) 11.30
Q.10 pH = 9.168 Q.25 (a) 11.65 (B) 12.21 (c) 12.57 (d) 1.87
Q.11 8.7mL
Q.26 0.103g
–5
Q.12 HZ< HY< HX , Ka(HY) = 10 M, Ka(HZ)=
Q.27 pH = 7.59, kH = 1.5 × 10–11
10–9 M
Q.28 11
Q.13 (a) 3.7 × 104 dm3 (b) 4 dm3
1
Q.14 Kc = 3.02 × 10–2 , S = 0.123 M Q.29 of its solubility in water solubility
2200
Q.15 (a) pH = 3.83 (b)pH = 3.85 (c) 3.99 decreases
6.15
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Ionic Equilibrium
Q.10 (methyl red), one with pH = 5.22 as Q.26 (a)pH = 3.83 (b) pH = 3.85, (c) = 3.99
midpoint of colour range
Q.27 0.0818 moles
Q.11 ApH = 0.954
Q.28 2.558
Q.12 [OH–] = 6.664 × 10–6
Q.29 11.22
Q.13 pH = 4.477
1 10
–6 Q.30 0.9542, pKa = 4.751, th & th stages
Q.14 5.12 × 10 M 11 11
of neutralisation
Q.15 8.71
6.16
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Ionic Equilibrium
SOLUTIONS
S 6.1
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Ionic Equilibrium
or (0.1)[S2 ] 1 1021
or [S2 ] 1 1020
2
This is the maximum value of [S ] before ZnS
will precipitate.
2
Let [H ] to be maintained [S ] be x.
Thus for
H2S 2H S2
5 Ka
Sol.22. K a 1.74 10
C
pH = 4.15
conc. = 0.01 M
Get conc. of H from pH. Calculate and Ka.
[HCO3 ] 4.5 10 7
Thus, 11
[CO2 ] 4 10 8
Sol.30. Similar to Sol.27. of Jee Advanced
Exercise 1.
S 6.2
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Ionic Equilibrium
K sp S2 ; S K sp ..... (1)
M = mole / V
From eSol.(1), the obtained [Ag+] should be
subtracted from the available 50 L Ag+
solution.
9
Sol.23 pH (HA) = 9 [H ] 10
Ksp(AgA) = [Ag+] [A-]
Ka (HA) = 10-10
HA H A
[H ][A ]
Ka . Get conc. of [A-]
[HA]
Thus, calculate Ksp.
Sol.26 MX 4 M4 4X
Ksp [S][4S]4 256
1/4
K sp
S
256
mass
Sol.28 M
molar mass
1
At of experiment
5
At equivalent point molarity is 0.25.
S 6.3
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Ionic Equilibrium
S 6.4
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Ionic Equilibrium
S 6.5
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Ionic Equilibrium
Calculate pH
Or log x' 4.74 5.26 ; x' 1.8 105 .
Sub. x’ in (1) we get, c 3.6 105
As the number of moles of CH3COOH before
and after dilution will be the same.
moles of CH3COOH = molarity volume in
litres.
Initial molarity 1
3.6 10 5 V 1 1
Initial volume 1
V 2.78 104 litres
Sol.25. At the end point, m.e. (on millimoles)
of the salt produced
= m.e. of NaOH 0.1 36.12 3.612
(Since salt formed will be univalent and so for
such salts m.m. = m.e.)
m.e. (millimole) of HCl added
0.1 18.06 1.806
The addition of 1.806 m.e. of HCl will produce
the same number of m.e. of the unknown acid
and reduce the amount of the salt by 1.806
m.e.
m.e. (millimole) of the unknown acid =
1.806
And m.e. (or millimole) of the salt = 3.612 –
1.8006 = 1.806.
Using,
millimole of salt
pH = pKa + log
millimole of acid
Sol.26. Let us find [H ] of HCOOH before
adding HCOONa.
For the equilibrium,
HCOOH H HCOO
6 103
Now, on the addition of sodium formate in
the acid, we have,
[acid] 0.2
[H ] 1.8 10 4 3.6 104
[salt] 0.1
S 6.6
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Ionic Equilibrium
6 Kw 10 14
Sol.3. kb 2 10 ; 0.01 M RNH2 Kb 5.55 1010
Ka 1.8 10 5
104 M NaOH
Sol.7. pK a 4.80 ; pK b 4.78
RNH2 H2O RNH OH
3
1
1 0 0 pH (pR w pK a pKb )
2
1
Common ion effect due to NaOH
Sol.8. (x Na ) 0.1M 10 ml
[RNH3 ][OH ] HCl 0.1M
kb
[RNH2 ] kb (x ) 10 6
[C. A]
POH= -log kb log K a Kb K w
[Base]
6 Kw 1014
=-log (2 10 ) + log (0.01) ka 108
10 4 Kb 10 6
% hydrolysis of salt = ?
Mbuffer 0.1M
pH 5.5
Kh Kh
h1 h2
C1 C2 pK a (HA) 5
h12 C1 Kh h22 C2 Kh NaOH (HA NaA) pH (5.5)
0.1M 0.1M
pKa 5
h12 C1 h22 C2 100 ml
S 6.7
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Ionic Equilibrium
0.5 = - log [H ] 1 1 1
2
104 104 1012 K sp ;
2 2 8
A log (-0.5)= [H ]
no precipitation
[H ] =3.16
(K sp 1.7 1010 )
[OH ] 10.84 no. of moles
2
vol. 1 1
(b) Ionic product 102 103
2 2
Sol.10.
KOH HCOOH 1
108 Ksp ; precipitation
0.2M 0.1M 8
40ml 160ml 2
1 1
(c) Ionic product 105 103
K a 2 104 2 2
No. of millimoles = M Vol 1
milimoles of KOH = 0.2 40=8
1011 Ksp ; precipitation
8
milimoles of HCOOH = 0.1 160=16 2
milimoles of HCOOK produced = 8 1 1
(d) Ionic product 103 105
milimoles of HCOOH remained = 16 - 8 = 8 2 2
millimoles of salt 1
pH pKa log 1013 Ksp ; no precipitation
milimoles of acid 8
8 Hence correct answer is (b).
log(2 104 ) log 4 0.3010 3.699
8
pOH 14 3.699 10.3 Sol.18. K sp (AgBr) 5 1013
Ag HBr
Sol.12. Weak acid HA pKa = 4.5
50 ltr. 50 ltr.
3 2
Sol.13. A2 X3 2A 3X
2y 3y 105 mole 2 107 mole
Ksp [A]2 [X]3 (2 y)2 (3y)3 108y5 105
[Ag ] 0.2 106 2 107 M
50
Sol.14. HgSO4 Hg2 SO 42 K sp [Ag ][Br ]
S 6.8
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Ionic Equilibrium
Kw
Q.3 Ka (HX) = = 10–4 Q.8 Cl–, CN– and SCN– forms precipitate with
Kb
Cu (I), remove Cu (I) ion from equilibrium
[X ] and reaction shift in backward direction
pH = pKa + log
[HX] according to Le-Chatelier's principle.
Q.9 In pure water, solubility
= pKa
9.57
= × 10–3
–
[ [X ] = [HX]] = 4 58
= 1.65 × 10–4 M
Q.4 The reaction of HA with strong base is : Ksp = 4S3 = 4(1.65 × 10–4)3
HA + OH– H2O + A– = 1.8 × 10–11
In 0.02 M Mg(NO3)2;
[A ] [H ] solubility of Mg(OH)2
K=
[HA][OH ] [H ] K sp 1
= 2
[mg ] 2
K 104
= a 14 =1010 = 1.5 × 10–5 mol L–1
K w 10
= 1.5 10–5 × 58g L–1
Q.5 MX: Ksp = S2 = 4 × l0–8 = 8.7 × 10–4 g L-1
S 6.9
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Ionic Equilibrium
S 6.10
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