Channel element

1. 1. Channel Element (CE) Resource CE resources are a type of NodeB hardware

resource. The number of CEs supported by single NodeB indicates the channel
demodulation capabilities resource of the NodeB. The more CEs a NodeB supports, the
more powerful the channel demodulation and service processing capabilities for serving
the customers. Services at different rates require different numbers of CEs to ensure
proper channel demodulation. In a RAN, CE resources are managed by both the RNC
and NodeB. The NodeB reports its CE capacity to the RNC. The RNC determines
whether to admit a new service based on the number of CEs that need to be consumed
and controls CE resources during CE congestion. This ensures the proper use of CE
resources. The NodeB dynamically manages CE resources and rapidly adjusts the
number of CEs that can be consumed based on the actual service rate. This increases
CE resource usage. A proper use of CE resources increases the number of UEs that can
be admitted and improves the service quality of the admitted UEs. Basic Channel
Element Concepts CE is a basic unit that measures the channel demodulation
capabilities of a NodeB. CEs are classified into uplink (UL) CEs and downlink (DL) CEs. 
One UL CE needs to be consumed by a UL 12.2 kbit/s voice service (SF = 64) plus 3.4
kbit/s signaling.  One DL CE needs to be consumed by a DL 12.2 kbit/s voice service
(SF = 128) plus 3.4 kbit/s signaling. If only 3.4 kbit/s signaling traffic is carried on a DCH
or HSPA channel, one CE still needs to be consumed. The number of CEs that need to
be consumed by services of other types can be calculated by analogy. The number of UL
and DL CEs supported by a NodeB is determined by the NodeB hardware capabilities
and the licensed CE capacity. The number of UL and DL CEs supported by the NodeB
hardware is called the physical CE capacity. The licensed CE capacity may differ from
the physical CE capacity. The smaller determines the number of CEs that can be used by
an operator. CE is a concept of the NodeB side. On the RNC side, it is called NodeB
credit. The RNC performs admission and congestion control based on the NodeB credit.
In the UL, the number of Node credit resources is twice that of CEs. In the DL, the
number of NodeB credit resources equals that of CEs.
2. 2. CE Sharing in a Resource Group To facilitate baseband resource management,
NodeB baseband resources fall into UL and DL resource groups. The UL and DL
resource groups are independent with each other.  UL Resource Group UL resource
group is a UL resource pool shared on a per-channel basis, more than one cell can be
setup in one UL resource group, One UL resource group can have multiple baseband
boards, but one board can belong to only one UL resource group. CE resources in one
UL resource group can be shared by baseband boards. This means that UEs in a cell in
a UL resource group can set up services on any board in the group. The physical CE
capacity of a UL resource group is the total CE capacity of baseband boards in the
group.  DL Resource Group Different from a UL resource group, a DL resource group is
shared on a per-cell basis. Resources in a DL resource group are allocated to each
baseband board based on cells; one board can be configured to multiple DL resource
groups. DL CE resources for UEs in the same cell can be provided by any baseband
board in the DL resource group. CE resources in one DL resource group can be shared
only within a baseband board. NodeB CE Capacity Specifications Typically different
baseband boards of a NodeB have their own CE capacity specifications. For exampled,
the detailed CE capacity specifications supported by each type of baseband board, see
the BBU3900 Hardware Description product by Huawei CE capacity here refers to the
number of CEs that can be consumed by UL and DL R99 services and HSUPA services.
It does not include CE resources reserved by the NodeB for common and HSDPA
channels. Rules for Calculating CE Consumption The RNC determines the number of
CEs required for a service based on the SF that matches the service rate. When an RAB
connection is set up or released for a service, CE resources must be allocated or
3. 3. taken back and the number of CEs must be deducted or added accordingly. Different
rules for calculating CE resource consumption apply to channels or services of different
types.  CE resources reserved by the NodeB for common and HSDPA channels are
 shown in gray.  CE resources that need to be consumed by R99 and HSUPA services
are shown in pink. Common Channels CE Consumption CE resources required on the
UL and DL common channels are reserved by the NodeB. Therefore, they do not occupy
the licensed CE capacity. These CEs do not need to be considered in the calculation of
CE consumption. HSDPA Channels CE Consumption Similarly, the NodeB reserves CE
resources for the high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) and the related
control channels if HSDPA is used. These CEs also do not need to be considered in the
calculation of CE consumption. Note that the signaling of an HSDPA UE that is not
performing an R99 service occupies one DCH and needs to consume one DL CE. If the
SRB over HSDPA function is enabled, the signaling of an HSDPA service does not
consume additional CE resources. For an HSDPA UE that is performing an R99 service,
its signaling and the R99 service occupy the same DCH. Therefore, only the CEs
consumed on R99 traffic channels need to be calculated. R99 Service CE Consumption
For an R99 service, the RNC determines the number of CEs and NodeB credit resources
that need to be consumed based on the SF that matches the maximum bit rate (MBR) of
the service. Direction Rate (kbit/s) SF Number of CEs Consumed Corresponding Credits
Consumed UL 3.4 256 1 2 13.6 64 1 2 8 64 1 2 16 64 1 2 32 32 1.5 3 64 16 3 6 128 8 5
10
4. 4. 144 8 5 10 256 4 10 20 384 4 10 20 DL 3.4 256 1 1 13.6 128 1 1 8 128 1 1 16 128 1 1
32 64 1 1 64 32 2 2 128 16 4 4 144 16 4 4 256 8 8 8 384 8 8 8 HSUPA Service CE
Consumption For an HSUPA service, the RNC determines the number of CEs and
NodeB credit resources that need to be consumed based on the SF that matches the
service rate. The RNC determines the SF based on a certain rate in the following ways: 
If the UL enhanced L2 function is disabled and the NodeB indicates in a private
information element (IE) that dynamic CE resource management has been enabled in the
cell, the RNC calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of one RLC PDU and
the guaranteed bit rate (GBR). o If the UL enhanced L2 function is disabled, the RLC
PDU size is fixed. The bit rate of one RLC PDU is determined by the RLC PDU size and
transmission time interval (TTI).  If the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled and the
NodeB indicates in a private IE that dynamic CE resource management has been
enabled in the cell, the RNC calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of the
smallest RLC PDU and the GBR. o If the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled, the RLC
PDU size is flexible. The bit rate of the smallest RLC PDU is determined by the minimum
RLC PDU size and the TTI. The minimum RLC PDU size can be specified by the
RlcPduMaxSizeForUlL2Enhance parameter.  If the NodeB reports that dynamic CE
resource management has been disabled, the RNC calculates the SF based on the
MBR.  If the NodeB does not report whether dynamic CE resource management has
been enabled, the RNC calculates the SF based on the value of the
HsupaCeConsumeSelection parameter and whether the UL enhanced L2 function is
enabled. o If HsupaCeConsumeSelection is set to MBR, the RNC calculates the SF
based on the MBR. o If HsupaCeConsumeSelection is set to GBR:  If the UL enhanced
L2 function is disabled, the RNC calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of
one RLC PDU and the GBR.  If the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled, the RNC
calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of the smallest RLC PDU and the
GBR.
5. 5. After determining the SF, the RNC searches the CE consumption mapping listed
below Direction Rate (kbit/s) SF Number of CEs Consumed Corresponding Credits
Consumed UL 8 64 1 2 16 64 1 2 32 32 1 2 64 32 1 2 128 16 2 4 144 16 2 4 256 8 4 8
384 4 8 16 608 4 8 16 1450 2SF4 16 32 2048 2SF2 32 64 2890 2SF2 32 64 5760
2SF2+2SF4 48 96 CE Consumption of 4-Way Receive Diversity The use of 4-way
receive diversity does not affect DL CE consumption but doubles UL CE consumption.
The use of 4-way receive diversity can be configured by resource group. UL CE
consumption of a resource group doubles if the resource group is configured with 4-way
receive diversity. CE consumption of a common resource group remains unchanged.
examples of CE Consumption  UE A, which performs a UL 64 kbit/s and DL 384 kbit/s
service on the DCH, consumes three UL CEs and eight DL CEs.  UE B, which performs
a UL 64 kbit/s and DL 1024 kbit/s service on the DCH and HS -DSCH respectively,
consumes three UL CEs and one DL CE if the DL signaling radio bearer (SRB) is carried
on the DCH.  UE C, which performs a UL 608 kbit/s and DL 1024 kbit/s service on the
E-DCH and HS-DSCH respectively and at the same time performs an AMR speech
service, consumes nine UL CEs and one DL CE.