I.

ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of
the formation of the universe
and the solar system
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

The learners:
1. State the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the
universe.
2. Describe the different hypotheses
explaining the origin of the solar
system.
COSMOLOGY
 is the branch of science that
studies the origin, evolution
and fate of the universe
ACTIVITY #1 :
JUMBLED WORD VISUAL CLUE ANSWER

AGR
LARGE
EL
ASG GAS
ACTIVITY #1 :
JUMBLED WORD VISUAL CLUE ANSWER

ARS
STARS
TS
SUDT DUST
LODUSC CLOUDS
ACTIVITY #1 :
JUMBLED WORD VISUAL CLUE ANSWER

SPL PLANETS
TANE
LXG
GALAXY
AAY
The UNIVERSE is a
large unimaginable
(1) _________
expanse of (2) ___________,
gas
stars
(3) _________, (4) _________,
dust clouds
planets
and consists of (5)_________
galaxy
and (6)____________.
UNIVERSE
 is large unimaginable
expanse of gas, stars, dust
clouds, and consists of
planets and galaxy.
Big Bang Theory
Steady State / Infinite Universe Theory
Pulsating Universe Theory
SOLAR SYSTEM
 is the gravitationally bound
system comprising the Sun
and the objects that orbit
around it, either directly or
indirectly.
SOLAR SYSTEM
 it is in constant motion, with
the planets and their moons,
comets, asteroids and other
space objects revolving
around the Sun.
The masses of the planets are
also concentrated in the Gas
Giant planets Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, and Neptune.
• The large mass of these
planets comes from
their absolute sizes, not
their densities.
• The inner planets are
by far the most dense.
TERRESTRIAL (Inner Planets)
• made of materials with high melting points
such as silicates, iron , and nickel
• rotate slower, have thin or no atmosphere

Mercury Venus Earth Mars

JOVIAN
(Outer Planets)
• gas giants
• rotate faster
• have thick
atmosphere
PLANET BIYO
is a minor planet named after a
Filipino teacher, Dr. Josette Biyo
Planet
13241
Found in
the Main
Asteroid
Belt
between
Mars and
Jupiter
1) MERCURY
• INNERMOST AND
SWIFTEST PLANET
• ALBEDO 0F 6%
• DAYLIGHT & DARKNESS BOTH LAST 88
DAYS
• TEMPERATURE RANGE OF -300F TO 800F
• VERY LITTLE ATMOSPHERE
2) VENUS
• SIMILAR IN SIZE, DENSITY AND MASS
TO EARTH
• THICK CLOUD OF
CARBON DIOXIDE
• SURFACE TEMPS OF 900F DUE TO GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
• ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS 90 TIMES THAT OF EARTH
• IF EARTH IS HEAVEN THEN VENUS IS HELL
4) MARS
• WHITE POLAR ICE CAPS
• HAVE GREAT RIFT VALLEY
• VERY DRY PLANET
• REDDISH ROCK, SAND AND
SOIL
5) JUPITER
• 2 1/2 TIMES LARGER THAN ALL
OTHER PLANETS COMBINED
• 1 DAY LASTS 10 HOURS DUE TO FAST ROTATION
• HURRICANE-LIKE STORM SYSTEMS
WITH WINDS OF 1000 MPH - GREAT
RED SPOT
• SURFACE OF LIQUID HYDROGEN OCEAN
• SOME MOONS [61] AS LARGE AS MARS
MOONS OF JUPITER
 DISCOVERED BY GALILELO
 61? TOTAL MOONS
• CALLISTO
• GANYMEDE
• IO
• EUROPA
6) SATURN
• 29 1/2 YEARS TO
MAKE ONE
REVOLUTION
• SYSTEM OF
RINGS
• HIGH WIND SPEEDS
1000+ MPH
7) URANUS
• SURROUNDED BY POLAR CIRCLING RINGS
• KNOWN AS THE GREEN PLANET
• METHANE IN
ATMOSPHERE
• ROTATES ON ITS SIDE
8) NEPTUNE
• TWIN PLANET TO URANUS
• BY POLAR CIRCLING RINGS
• KNOWN AS THE GREEN PLANET
• METHANE IN ATMOSPHERE
• ROTATES ON ITS SIDE
9) PLUTO
• MAY NOT BE A PLANET
BUT A TRANSITION
BETWEEN COMET AND
PLANET
• AVERAGE TEMP OF -350F
• LARGE DIRTY
ICEBALL
• 248 YEARS TO ORBIT SUN
MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

1) COMETS

2) ASTEROIDS

3) METEOROIDS
MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

COMETS
 Often compared to large, “dirty snowballs”
 Composition:
• Frozen gases
• Rocky and metallic materials
• Frozen gases vaporize when near the Sun
• Produces a glowing head called the coma
• Some may develop a tail that points away from
Sun due to radiation pressure and the solar wind
ORIENTATION OF A COMET’S
TAIL AS IT ORBITS THE SUN

Figure 22.27
HALE-BOPP
SUNSINGER
MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

ASTEROIDS
• Irregular shapes AND Origin is
uncertain
• Most lie between Mars and Jupiter
• Small bodies – largest (Ceres) is about 620 miles in
diameter
• Some have very eccentric orbits
• Many of the recent impacts on the Moon and Earth
were collisions with asteroids
THE ORBITS OF MOST ASTEROIDS LIE BETWEEN
MARS AND JUPITER

Figure 22.25
MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

METEOROIDS
• are called meteors when they enter Earth’s
atmosphere
• are called as meteorites when they are
found on Earth
• A meteor shower occurs when Earth
encounters a swarm of meteoroids
associated with a comet’s path
References
• Earth and Life Science