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Smart Water and Wastewater Management with Smart city challenges

Conference Paper · March 2016

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42 | P a g e Watman International Conference - 2016

Smart Water and Wastewater Management with Smart Challenges for Smart Cites
By- Shailendra Kumar Yadav
Assistant Professor
Park College of Technology
Skkky_envirph123@yahoo.com
+919655812372

Concept of smart city

Ecological and economic sustainable Cities is a new initiative launched by the World Bank, as
an integral part of the World Bank Urban and Local Government Strategy, to help cities in
developing countries achieve greater ecological and economic sustainability.
Urbanization in developing countries may be the single greatest change in this century.
What is Smart city?
This is an increasingly urban world. There is an urgent need to ensure that local governments
have the infrastructure in place to tackle the inevitable demographic challenges. There remains
a great desire for change, and city management must act now to improve service delivery and
streamline internal operations. To compete effectively at an international level, cities will need
to become more intelligent, innovative, and integrated. A Smart City will increase efficiency,
productivity, ecological awareness; it will reduce pollution and improve quality of life in a
world of increasing urban complexity. Smart cities concept
is pragmatic and balanced combination of ecological,
economical and other smart Environment effective field for perfect
sustainable development. Ecological
cities enhance the Smart economy
well-being of citizens
and society through integrated urban
planning and management that
smart living
fully harnesses the benefits of
ecological systems, and protects and
nurtures these Smart mobility, basic
services
assets for future
generations. Economic cities
create value and smart opportunities for
Government
citizens, businesses, and society by
efficiently using all tangible and intangible
assets, and enabling smart productive, inclusive, and
people
sustainable economic activity. Need of
sustainability in cities-
The developing countries will triple their built-up urban area between 2000 from 2030 400,000
square kilometers, constructed in just 30 years, equal the world’s built-up urban area in 2000.
One could say humans are building a whole new world at about 10 times the speed, in countries
with severe resource constraints—natural, fiscal, administrative, and technical. And they are
doing so in an increasingly globalized context with many new, constantly fluctuating,
interlinked, and uncontrollable variables.
Question of Project Soul
 How can cities continue to harness the opportunities for economic growth and poverty
reduction offered by urbanization, while also mitigating its negative impacts?
 How can cities do so given the speed and the scale of urbanization, given their own
capacity constraints?
43 | P a g e Watman International Conference - 2016

 How can ecological and economic considerations be dovetailed, so that they produce
cumulative and lasting advantages for cities?
 How do we go from ‘Ecological vs. Economical ’ to ‘Ecoeconomical or Smart cities’?
Trending of future city terminologies in English language academic and policy discourse over
the past three decades

Elements of Smart City

Adequate Water Supply, Robust IT connectivity and Digitalization,
Assured Electricity Supply, Good Governance, Especially e-Governance and
Citizen Participation,
Sanitation, including Solid Waste Sustainable Environment,
Management,
Efficient Urban Mobility and Public Safety and Security of Citizens, Particularly
Transport, Women, Children and Aged
Affordable Housing, Especially for the Poor, Health and Education.

General Challenges in smart city

Climate change Human mobility
Population growth Ageing populations
Globalisation of economy, demographics, Inequality and social tensions
risks and ecologies dependencies
Technological developments Insecurity (e.g. energy, food, water)
Geo-political changes Changing institutional and governance
frameworks
SMART CITY MISSION OF INDIA
Smart cities mission of India is also inspired and refection of ecological and economical
sustainable cities of developed countries. Because of India is fast growing developing country
in world scenario, and its nearly 31% of India’s current population lives in urban areas and
contributes 63% of India’s GDP (Census 2011). With increasing urbanization, urban areas are
expected to house 40% of India’s population and contribute 75% of India’s GDP by 2030. This
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requires comprehensive development of physical, institutional, social and economic

infrastructure

.
Finance of smart city
A total of ₹980 billion (US$14 billion) has been approved by the Indian Cabinet for
development of 100 smart cities and rejuvenation of 500 others. For the smart cities
mission, ₹480 billion (US$7.1 billion) and for the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation (AMRUT), a total funding of ₹500 billion (US$7.4 billion) has been approved
by the Cabinet.
In the 2014 Union budget of India, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley allocated ₹70.16
billion (US$1.0 billion) for the 100 smart cities. However, only ₹9.24 billion (US$140 million)
could be spent out of the allocated amount till February 2015. Hence, the 2015 Union budget
of India allocated only ₹1.43 billion (US$21 million) for the project.
First batch of 20 cities selected in the second stage of competition will be provided with central
assistance of ₹2 billion (US$29 million) each during this financial year followed by ₹1
billion (US$15 million) per year during the next three years.
The remaining money has to come from the states, urban bodies and the consortium that they
form with corporate entities. Also, 10 per cent of budget allocation will be given to states /
union territories as incentive based on achievement of reforms during the previous year.
Urban Development Ministry had earlier released ₹2 core (US$290,000) each to mission cities
for preparation of Smart City Plans.
Sustainable future for India’s energy-stressed cities
 Some typical features of comprehensive development in Smart Cities are described
below.
 Government of India has allocated Rs.70.6 billion (USD 1.2 billion) for Smart Cities in
Budget 2014-15 India plans 100 new smart cities and will develop modern satellite
towns around existing cities under the smart city programme.
 Investments of about USD 1.2 trillion will be required over the next 20 years across
areas like transportation, energy and public security to build smart cities in India Budget
2014-15
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 U SD 1.2 billion allocated for smart cities and FDI norms relaxed
 USD 83 million allocated for Digital India Initiative
 PPP Model to be used to upgrade infrastructure in 500 urban areas

Different steps in the selection of Smart Cities are given below

 Smart City projects to create 10-15% rise in employment

 Ministry of Urban Development has plans to develop 2 smart cities in each of India’s
29 states
 Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Ltd (DMICDC) plans
seven “smart cities” along the 1,500 km industrial corridor across six states with a total
investment of USD 100 billion
Major segment of smart city
Smart Environment Smart It & Communication
Smart Energy Smart Building
Smart Transportation

SMART ENVIRONMENT
Renewable Energy
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has plans to add capacity of 30,000 MW in the
12th Five Year Plan (2012-17)
Water and Waste Water Management
The Indian Ministry of Water Resources plans to invest USD 50 billion in the water
sector in the coming years
The Yamuna Action Plan Phase III project for Delhi is approved at an estimated cost
of USD 276 million
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Sanitation
About 67 per cent of the rural population continues to defecate in the open, and India
accounts for about 50 per cent of the world’s open defecation
The Government of India and the World Bank have signed a USD 500 million credit
for the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) project in the Indian states of
Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh
Benchmarks for Smart Water Supply
 24 x 7 supply of water
 100% household with direct water supply connections
 135 litres of per capita supply of water
 100% metering of water connections
 100% efficiency in collection of water related charges
Benchmarks for Smart Sewerage & Sanitation
 100% households should have access to toilets
 100% schools should have separate toilets for Girls
 100% households should be connected to the waste water network
 100% efficiency in the collection and treatment of waste water
 100% efficiency in the collection of sewerage network
Bench Marks for Smart Solid Waste Management
 100% households are covered by daily door-step collection system.
 100% collection of municipal solid waste
 100% segregation of waste at source, i.e. biodegradable and non-degradable waste
 100% recycling of solid waste
Wastewater generation scenario in Indian city and its treatment
In India, the estimated sewage generation from Class I cities and Class II towns
(representing 72% of urban population) is 38,524 million litres/day (MLD), of which
there exists treatment capacity of only 11,787 MLD (about 30%).The 35 major
metropolitan areas (with population over 1 million) have a collective sewage treatment
capacity of just over 50%, but high variability exists among them. Only five metro cities
have treatment capacity close to 100% of their sewage generation, these are Hyderabad,
Vadodara, Chennai, Ludhiana and Ahmedabad. Delhi has the largest sewage treatment
capacity in absolute terms, but it is only about 60% its needs, while Mumbai has the
second largest treatment capacity in absolute terms but meets only 80% of its needs.
Almost all other major metropolitan cities have treatment capacities below 50% of their
sewage generation. The 498 Class I cities (with population over 100,000) which
account for 93% of the urban sewage generated in the country, have a combined
treatment capacity of about 32% of generation, while the 410 Class II towns (population
between 50,000 and 100,000) have a combined treatment capacity of only 8% of their
generation. The CPCB estimates that sewage generation will increase from the present
38,000 MLD to more than 120,000 MLD by 2050.Water and wastewater treatment
market in India is currently worth ~€ 954M and is expected to grow at ~13% in the next
3-4 years. Out of the total wastewater generated ~65% of the wastewater generated goes
untreated, requiring imminent need for effective wastewater management. Only ~35%
of the wastewater treatment needs are currently satisfied in India, while the balance
65% is not satisfied at all. Yearly wastewater generated in India, ~36K MLD can
submerge a state like Andhra Pradesh. A 2010 report by the New Delhi based Centre
for Science and Environment (CSE) put the effective treatment capacity at only 19% of
total sewage generation compared to an installed capacity of 30%. A 2005 study by the
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Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) found that only 86% of the studied plants were
operational, nearly 40% of the plants did not meet general discharge standards, and the
average capacity utilization was 72%4. A 2007 sample survey by the CPCB classified
the performance of only 10% as “good”, with 54% falling into the “poor” and “very
poor” categories.

Indian wastewater treatment market and challenges on its way

Indian city Wastewater generation Treated wastewater Capacity of treatment
Metros (above 1Million 15644 MLD 8040 MLD 51%
population)
Class I cities (above 35558 MLD 11553 MLD 32%
100,000)
Class II towns (between 2696.7 MLD 233.7 MLD 8%
50,000-100,000)

There have two type of challenges in wastewater treatment trade.

Onsite challenges
Offsite challenges
On site challenges
The conventional engineered wastewater treatment system is extremely expensive and requires
complex operations and maintenance cost of expanding sewer networks, which are very
rudimentary or non-existent in many Indian cities. That is mostly started off as unplanned
settlements. The total capital cost of establishing collection and treatment systems for the entire
urban wastewater generated is much more than what the government plans to spend; as a result
progress in increasing coverage is likely to be slow in the foreseeable future. Like any other
infrastructure project in India, land conflicts/disputes often hold up sewage treatment plan
(STP) construction long after funds have been sanctioned STPs run below installed capacity is
the lack of adequate sewer connection, frequent power cuts, lack of skilled personnel, inability
of urban local bodies (ULBs) to afford operation and maintenance costs.
Offsite challenges
Analysis exhibits that macro factors such as FTA (Free Trade Agreement), cost sensitivity, and
varied climatic and usage considerations directly impact operations in India. There exists
immense opportunities for foreign companies owing to:
Commercially viable advanced technology
Environmentally conforming solutions
However, foreign companies need to overcome concern such as:-
Lack of Indian experience to meet tender requirements
Different waste treatment procedure
In Europe treatment is done at source where as in India it is done at the end.The report evaluates
key challenges faced by foreign companies such as:
Red Tapism, Lack of transparency, fierce competition, Weak Implementation of IPR regulations,
diverse technical standards, Complex capital raising criteria, bureaucratic bottlenecks, Partner with a
local company, Start the regulatory process early

Suggest remedial solutions to successfully overcome

 Evaluate Macro Environment to exhibit ways to enhance India– foreign synergies
 Eliminating trade barriers
 Showcase top problem – scenario based solutions
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 Bureaucracy
 Cost sensitivity
 Market entry
 Feasibility of European machinery in India
 IPR / Technology issues
 Customs / Duties / Taxes
 Capital raising
 Select business locations in India
 Understand regional market access criteria’s, regulations, standards, and administrative practices etc.

Purchase attributes Point should be considered

Legal History
Dealers /manufacturers credibility Financial position
Technical capability
Professional competence
Price
Quality
Products/Service assessment Specifications
Availability
Product feedback
Minimum requirements criteria –technical
Solution providers assessment specification
Financial stability/reputation/experience
Cost/price

Positive point in India for foreign companies

Growing economy Technologies competence
Liberalised reforms in foreign investments Cost efficiency
Vibrant domestic market Skilled manpower base
Well established financial systems Strong judiciary

Encourage Private Participation

In waste management sector the government offers on array of incentives.
Fiscal incentives Government Initiation
Tax Holidays Setting up- an energy fund
FDI Opportunity Initiating waste management programme
Loans Availability Budget expansion
Tax/Duties Relief Encouraging public- private partnership
Subsidies
Other incentives
Scrap / waste / remnants / unutilised materials / surplus or obsolete capital goods may be
exported or sold in the DTA on payment of duties.
Liberalised foreign investment approval regime is enabled to facilitate foreign investment
and transfer of technology through joint ventures.
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Flow chart of Current water and wastewater management

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Flow chart of smart water and waste management

51 | P a g e Watman International Conference - 2016

Key Players in wastewater treatment in indian smart city

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.
GE Power & Water
Gammon India Ltd.
Wock-Oiver Ltd.
Nayagara Water Solutions Pvt. Driplex Water Engineering
Ltd.
Thermax Ltd. Indocan Engineering Systems Ltd.
Va Tech Wabagh Veolia Water India
Ion Exchange Services (India) Ltd

SMART ENERGY
Smart Grid
Electrification of all households with power available for at least 8 hours per day by 2017
Indigenous low cost smart meter by 2014
Establish smart grid test bed by 2014 and smart grid knowledge centre by 2015
Implementation of 8 smart grid pilot projects in India with an investment of USD 10 million
Addition of 88,000 MW of power generation capacity in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17)
India needs to add at least 250-400 GW of new power generation capacity by 2030
The Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd has planned to invest USD 26 billion in the next five
years.
Smart Meters
India to install 130 million smart meters by 2021

SMART TRANSPORTATION
Green Transport
The Government of India has approved a USD 4.13 billion plan to spur electric and hybrid
vehicle production by setting an ambitious target of 6 million vehicles by 2020
Electric vehicle charging stations in all urban areas and along all state and national highways
by 2027
SMART TRANSPORTATION
Railways
Metro: Ministry of Urban Development plans to invest more than USD 20 billion on the metro
rail projects in coming years
High Speed Rail: The proposed 534 km Mumbai- Ahmedabad high speed rail project will have
an investment of around USD 10.5 billion
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Monorail: India’s first monorail project at Mumbai will cost around USD 500 million, of which
USD 183 million has been spent on phase I

SMART IT & COMMUNICATIONS

Information and Communications Technology
Cloud computing will evolve into a USD 4.5 billion market in India by 2016
Broadband connections to 175 million users by 2017
Security and Surveillance
Under the flagship “Safe City” project, the Union Ministry proposes USD 333 million to make
seven big cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore and Hyderabad)
to focus on technological advancement rather than manpower.
Disaster Management
Government of India and World Bank signed USD 236 million agreement for reducing disaster
risks in coastal villages of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry

SMART BUILDINGS
India is expected to emerge as the world’s 3rd largest construction market by 2020, by adding
11.5 million homes every year.
The Intelligent Building Management Systems market is around USD 621 million and is
expected to reach USD 1,891 million by 2016.
Smart Buildings will save up to 30 per cent of water usage, 40 per cent of energy usage and
reduction of building maintenance costs by 10 to 30 per cent.
Reference

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