Highschool Analysis

Introduction
The School Survey of Practices Associated with High Performance was developed to
measure five domains that are associated with high-performing schools: effective leadership,
strong curriculum, professional development, school culture, and ongoing data use for school
improvement.
The report focuses on a number of key areas:
 how students perceive themselves in high school,

 specific aspects of what is important to students at high school,
 students’ perceived academic ability,
 students’ knowledge about post-secondary education,
 students’ plans for the future,
 and, questions about student’s family and background
Every student in India decides their career post completing their 10th standard. The step
which they take after 10th will decide their future. Career choice after 10th is not just an easy
task to decide upon. One needs to understand his strength, area of interest and then decide
which stream to take to have a fruitful career.
Awaring the student after 10th is very important because today there are
many courses available in the colleges and schools. Students are confused on what course to
take and what course to leave. Just imagine a 10th pass student has to choose his career with
a mind full of confusion on whether to choose between science, maths, commerce, computer
science and to proceed on for 11th and 12th or to choose a diploma and go to junior college.
Besides traditional courses a 10th passed student today has many other opportunities such as
programming, catering, app development, call centre courses and so on. Hence, choosing a
career is not easy for students, a proper guidance with proper assessing of the students caliber
and interest will pave success in the long run.
Every boy at Student age has some sort of societal and circumstantial compulsions so they
perform somewhat bad in their 10th exams, but they improve multifold later. To perform
maximum as per Student ability, they need to be serious and passionate about life, career and
future. Once Student becomes serious about these three,they start functioning and perform
well.
We advice a Student to take a career aptitude test so that they shall be able to understand their
skills (aptitude) well. Once understood, they can choose their future plans of education and
career.
Elements that go into choosing your optimal career after 10th:
 Your own priorities

 An open mind that’s ready to assess alternatives
 A SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat, Analysis). Consult a career
advisor for the best way to go about this
 Ask questions and clear doubts from people who are already in your chosen
profession.
 Do not let anyone at all cause you to doubt your abilities and talents.
 Focusing on your interest will enhance your academic performance
 Research deeply every path available to you
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The general tendency among students is to join a stream where most of their friends are
headed. This is called a herd behavior, which causes a lot of distress later. I have seen
numerous cases of students repeating Class 11, just because they did not focus earlier. The
word confused is very common among students after Class 10th. Choosing a stream after
High School is not that simple .So, here we are trying to aware students for their Stream such
as Science, Arts and Commerce etc. and related career .Student needs Career Guidance at the
right time for getting guidance in career confusion.
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Operational Set-up of the Survey and Methodology
Planning of Survey: The planning of Survey results depends considerably on the preparation
made before the survey is conducted. Following Precautions are to be taken in the planning of
survey:-
1. Aim of The Survey:
The Objective of the Survey is to study the “Awareness of career based upon
different subjects in the High School Students”
2. Preparation of Questionnaire:
We have Prepared Questionnaire which consists of three sections given below:-
A) Biological Information:
We have included questions about their Name ,Age ,Sex and
other Details of School and its type that is Government or Private.
B) Family Background :
We have included questions about Family Income ,Family
Education Status of their Parents and Occupation of Parents.
C) Knowledge about Career in different Streams:
We have included questions about
Knowledge of Streams like Mathematics, Statistics, Biology, Arts and Commerce and
Job Opportunity in different Streams.
3. Determination of Data to Be Collected:
After Conformity of the objective of the Survey, I decide the nature of data to be
collected in the Survey for this purpose, a questionnaire of opinion containing a set of 16
question was prepared(Appendix).
4. Area of Survey:
The sample regarding the opinion of Students has been taken from High School
(i.e. Class 10th) belonging to different Schools (Government and Private) are given below:
S.No. Name of School Number Of Students

1 Raipur Convent Eng. Med. School 32
2 J.N. Pandey Hr. Sec. School 51
3 Holy Faith High School 40
4 Hari thakur govt. Hr. Sec. School 45
5 Nivedita Girls Hr. Sec. School 49
6 Shishu Niketan Eng. Med. Hr. Sec. School 80
7 Madhav Rao Sapre Hr. Sec. School 18
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8 Pt. Girja Shankar Misra Govt. Hr. Sec. School 92
9 J. R. Dani Girls Hr. Sec. School 87
10 Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Hr. Sec. School 52
11 Salem English School 72
12 Adarsh Vidhyalaya 74
Total 692
5. Method of Data Collection:
There are various statistical methods available for data collection and the one used
in this sampling is random ones, Convenience sampling. As much as 692 samples were
collected to ensure the proper sampling by distribution of the questionnaire. To record the
opinion of every sample, I took direct interview from the respondent.
6. Period of Survey:
The Survey was conducted between 21st January to 25th January 2019.The time
spent was approximately 5 days for the data collection.
7. Statistical Hypothesis Testing:
Random Sampling: Random sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each
sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be
an unbiased representation of the total population. An unbiased random sample is important
for drawing conclusions. If for some reasons, the sample does not represent the population,
the variation is called a sampling error.
We use Random Sampling because Random sampling is one of the simplest

forms of collecting data from the total population.
Hypothesis Testing: Hypothesis testing is a statistical method that is used in making

statistical decisions using experimental data. Hypothesis Testing is basically an assumption
that we make about the population parameter.
Key terms and concepts:
 Null hypothesis: Null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that assumes that the
observation is due to a chance factor.
 Alternative hypothesis: Contrary to the null hypothesis, the alternative hypothesis

shows that observations are the result of a real effect.
 Level of significance: Refers to the degree of significance in which we accept or

reject the null-hypothesis. 100% accuracy is not possible for accepting or rejecting a
hypothesis, so we therefore select a level of significance that is usually 5%.
 Type I error: When we reject the null hypothesis, although that hypothesis was true.
Type I error is denoted by alpha. In hypothesis testing, the normal curve that shows
the critical region is called the alpha region.
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 Type II errors: When we accept the null hypothesis but it is false. Type II errors are
denoted by beta. In Hypothesis testing, the normal curve that shows the acceptance
region is called the beta region.
 Power: Usually known as the probability of correctly accepting the null hypothesis.
1-beta is called power of the analysis.
 One-tailed test: When the given statistical hypothesis is one value like H0: μ1 = μ2,
it is called the one-tailed test.
 Two-tailed test: When the given statistics hypothesis assumes a less than or greater
than value, it is called the two-tailed test.
 p-value: (Probability value or asymptotic significance)When you perform a

hypothesis test in statistics, a p-value helps you determine the significance of your
results and p-value used to weigh the strength of the evidence(what the data are telling
you about the population)
The p-value lies between 0 and 1 and interpreted in the following way:
 A small p-value (  0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis,
so reject the null hypothesis.
 A large p-value(>0.05) indicates weak evidence against the null hypothesis, so
you fail to reject the null hypothesis(i.e. Non-significant).
8. Preparation of frequency table:

The collected data was usually contained in the questionnaire but it is not an easy
comprehensible form. I have prepared bivariate and univariate frequency table for
representing data in simple. To convert tables, in normal rational form, I had used BAR and
PIE diagram.PIE charts is best to use when you are trying to compare the parts of whole.
They do not show changes over time.BAR graph are used to compare things between
different groups or to track changes over time.
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Tabulation and Interpretation:
The data presented in two types:

1) Tabular form by using bivariate and univariate table.
2) Graphical forms by using bar and pie chart diagrams.
The analysis is done on the individual basis according to the opinion of 692 students.
Concept of  2 (Chi-square):
Chi-square are calculated for testing dependence or independence of two attributes.

Chi-square tests are applied for the bivariate contingency table to test the independence of
attributes.
Null Hypothesis H 0 : The attributes are independent.

Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : The attributes are dependent.
From Chi-square definition,
   
r 
c O  E 2


2 ij ij
i 1 j 1 
 Eij 
Where O ij =Observed frequency and E ij =Expected frequency.

Degree of freedom = (Number of Rows-1)*(Number of Columns-1)
= (r-1)*(c-1)
This follow  2 -distribution with (r-1)*(c-1) degree of freedom. The null Hypothesis is tested
at 5% level of significance.
In general, If calculated  2 is less than tabulated  2 then null Hypothesis is accepted
otherwise it is rejected.
Conditions for Applying the Chi-square Test:
1) No theoretical cell frequency should be less than 5, If any theoretical cell frequencies less
than 5, then for the application of chi-square test,it is pooled with the preceding or succeeding
frequency so that the pooled frequency is more than 5.
2) The sample should consist of at least 50 observations and should be drawn randomly from
the population .In addition, all individual observations in a sample should be independent
from each other.
3) Data should be expressed in a original units.
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Data Analysis Using SPSS:
Table 1
Distribution of Students According to their School
Name of School Frequency Percent

Raipur Convent Eng. Med. School 32 4.6
J.N. Pandey Hr. Sec. School 51 7.4
Holy Faith High School 40 5.8
Hari thakur govt. Hr. Sec. School 45 6.5
Nivedita Girls Hr. Sec. School 49 7.1
Shishu Niketan Eng. Med. Hr. Sec. School 80 11.6
Madhav Rao Sapre Hr. Sec. School 18 2.6
Pt. Girja Shankar Misra Govt. Hr. Sec. School 92 13.3
J. R. Dani Girls Hr. Sec. School 87 12.6
Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Hr. Sec. School 52 7.5
Salem English School 72 10.4
Adarsh Vidhyalaya 74 10.7
Total 692 100.0
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 4.6% Students are
from Raipur Convent Eng. Med. School, 7.4% Students are from J.N. Pandey Hr. Sec.
School,5.8% Students are from Holy Faith High School,6.5% Students are from Hari thakur
govt. Hr. Sec. School,7.1% Students are from Nivedita Girls Hr. Sec. School,11.6% Students
are from Shishu Niketan Eng. Med. Hr. Sec. School,2.6% Students are from Madhav Rao
Sapre Hr. Sec. School,13.3% Students are from Pt. Girja Shankar Misra Govt. Hr. Sec.
School,12.6% Students are from J. R. Dani Girls Hr. Sec. School,7.5% Students are from Dr.
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Hr. Sec. School, 10.4% Students are from Salem English
School,10.7% Students are from Adarsh Vidhyalaya.
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Bar Chart
Adarsh Vidhyalaya
10.7%
Salem English School

10.4%
Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee Hr. Sec.
School
7.5%
J. R. Dani Girls Hr.
Sec. School
12.6%
Pt. Girja Shankar
Misra Govt. Hr. Sec.
Name of School
School
13.3%
Madhav Rao Sapre
Hr. Sec. School
2.6%
Shishu Niketan Eng.
Med. Hr. Sec. School
11.6%
Nivedita Girls Hr.
Sec. School
7.1%
Hari thakur govt. Hr.
Sec. School
6.5%
Holy Faith High
School
40.00
J.N. Pandey Hr. Sec.
School
5.8%
Raipur Convent Eng.
Med. School
4.6%
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of students
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Table 2
Distribution of students According to Their Gender
Gender Frequency Percent

Male 280 40.5
Female 412 59.5
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
450
400
350
59.5%
Number of students
300
250
40.5%
200
150
100
50
0
Male Female
Gender
Male Female
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 40.5% Students are
Male and 59.5% Students are Female.
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Table 3
Distribution of Students According To Educational Qualification Of Their Father
Education of Student’s Father Frequency Percent

Illiterate 40 5.8
Up to 10th 329 47.5
12th 132 19.1
Graduation 135 19.5
PG and above 56 8.1
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
Illiterate
47.5%
350 Up to 10th
300 12th
Number of students
250 Graduation
200 PG and above

19.1% 19.5%
150
100 8.1%
5.8%
50
0
Student's Father Education
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 5.8% Student’s father
are Illiterate,47.5 % Student’s father qualified up to 10 th,19.1% Student’s father qualified up
to 12th,19.5% Student’s father qualified up to Graduation and 8.1% Student’s father qualified
up to Post Graduation and above.
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Table 4
Distribution Of Students According To Their Father’s Occupation
Occupation of Student’s father Frequency Percent

Farmer 74 10.7
Private Job 140 20.2
Government Job 121 17.5
Business 140 20.2
Others 212 30.6
Not Applicable 5 .7
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
Not Applicable
0.7%
Student's Father Occupation
Others
30.6%
Business
20.2%
Government Job
Frequency
17.5%
Private Job
20.2%
Farmer
10.7%
0 50 100 150 200 250

Number of students
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 10.7% Student’s father
are Farmer,20.2% Student’s father are in Private Job as Tailor ,Contractor , Chemist Incharge
,Builder ,Transporter etc.,17.5% Student’s father are in Government Job,20.2% Student’s
father are in Business Such as Hardware Shop ,Tea Stall ,Milk Dairy etc.,30.6% Student’s
father are in other Occupation as Labour , Bus Driver , Agent , Retired ,Doctor etc.,0.7%
Student’s father are not in family.
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Table 5
Distribution Of Students According To Educational Qualification Of Their Mother
Education of Student’s Mother Frequency Percent

Illiterate 96 13.9
Up to 10th 351 50.7
12th 119 17.2
Graduation 99 14.3
PG And Above 27 3.9
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
400 Illiterate
50.7%
350
Up to 10th
300
Number of students
12th
250
200 Graduation
150 17.2%
13.9% 14.3% PG And Above
100
3.9%
50
0
Illiterate Up to 10th 12th Graduation PG And
Above
Student's Mother Education
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 13.9% Student’s
Mother are Illiterate,50.7 % Student’s Mother qualified up to 10th,17.2% Student’s Mother
qualified up to 12th,14.3% Student’s Mother qualified up to Graduation and 3.9% Student’s
Mother qualified up to Post Graduation and above.
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Table 6
Distribution Of Students According To Their Mother’s Occupation
Occupation of Student’s Mother Frequency Percent

Housewife 529 76.4
Private Job 20 2.9
Govt. Job 30 4.3
Business 54 7.8
Others 53 7.7
Not Applicable 6 .9
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
Housewife
600 76.4% Private Job
500 Govt. Job

Number of students
Bussiness
400
Others
300
Not Applicable
200
100 7.8% 7.7%

2.9% 4.3%
0.9%
0
Housewife Private Job Govt. Job Bussiness Others Not
Applicable
Student's Mother Occupation
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 76.4% Student’s
Mother are Housewife,2.9% Student’s Mother are in Private Job as Tailor , Hostel Cook
etc.,4.3% Student’s Mother are in Government Job,7.8% Student’s Mother are in Business
Such as Shopkeeper ,Saree Shop ,Tea Stall etc.,7.7% Student’s Mother are in other
Occupation as Labour , Teacher ,Doctor etc.,0.9% Student’s Mother are not in family.
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Table 7
Distribution Of Students According To Their Family Income
Family_Income_Yearly Frequency Percent

Upto 50000 184 26.6
50001 - 100000 263 38.0
100000 Above 245 35.4
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
300
Number of students
250
200
35.4%
38%
150
26.6% Frequency
100
50
0
Upto 50000 50001 - 100000 100000 Above
Family Income(Yearly)
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent annual family income
of 26.6% Students are up to 50000,38% Students are between 50001 to 100000 and 35.4%
Students are more than 100000.
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Table 8
Distribution Of Students According To Choice of Subjects after Class 10th.
Subjects Frequency Percent

Biology 188 27.2
Mathematics 154 22.3
Arts 115 16.6
Commerce 235 34.0
Total 692 100.0
Pie Chart
Biology
Commerce
27%
34%
Arts Mathematics
17% 22%
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent from Schools, 188
Students will choose Biology , 154 Students will choose Mathematics, 115 Students will
choose Arts and 235 Students will choose Commerce Subject after Class 10 th.
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Q.1) Do you know in which Subject you are interested for further career?
A) Yes B) No
Table 9
Q.1 Frequency Percent

Yes
544 78.6
No 148 21.4
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
600
500
78.6%
Number of students
400
Yes
300 No
200
21.4%
100
0
Yes No
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent from Schools, 78.6%
Students are interested for further career, 21.4% Students are not interested for further career.
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Q.3(A) If you choose mathematics then what would you like to do after 12 th ?
A) Engineering(B.e/B.tech) B) B.Sc.(CS/Mathematics/Statistics etc.)
Table 10
Interested Courses after 12th Frequency Percent

Engineering(B.e./B.Tech.) 102 14.7
B.Sc.(Mathematics/CS/Statistics etc.) 67 9.7
Not Applicable 523 75.6
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
75.6%
Not Applicable
9.7%
B.Sc.(Mathematics/CS/Statistics etc.)
Frequency
14.7%
Engineering(B.e./B.Tech.)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Number of students(in %)
Interpretation:
Students would like to do Engineering after 12th, 9.7% Students would like to do B.Sc. after
12th and 75.6% students are not applicable because they choose other stream.
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Q.3(B) If you choose Biology then what would you like to do after 12 th ?
A) MBBS B) B.Sc.(Biology) C) Homeopathy-BHMS
D) B.Pharmacy. E) Bachelor of physiotherapy
Table 11

MBBS 108 15.6
B.Sc.(Biology) 61 8.8
Homeopathy-BHMS 6 .9
B.Pharmacy. 8 1.2
Bachelor of physiotherapy 4 .6
Total 692 100.0
Pie chart
MBBS
16%
Homeopathy-
BHMS
B.Sc.(Biology) 1%
9%
B.Pharmacy.
1%
Bachlore of
Not Applicable
physiotherepy
73%
0%
Interpretation:
Students would like to do MBBS after 12th, 8.8% Students would like to do B.Sc.(Biology)
after 12th , 0.9% students would like to do Homeopathy-BHMS after 12th , 1.2% students
would like to do B.Pharmacy after 12th 0.6% students would like to do Bachelor of
physiotherapy after 12th and 73% students are not applicable because they choose other
stream.
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Q.3(C) If you Choose arts then what would you like to do after the 12th?
A) B.A. B) B.Ed. C) Law Courses. D) Designing Courses. E) Animation Courses
Table 12

B.A. 59 8.5
B.ed. 16 2.3
Law Courses 15 2.2
Designing Courses 24 3.5
Animation Courses 6 .9
Total 692 100.0
Pie chart
Law Courses
B.ed. 2%
B.A. 2%
Designing Courses
9%
3%
Animation Courses
1%
Not Applicable
83%
Interpretation:
Students would like to do B.A. after 12th, 2.3% Students would like to do B.ed. after 12th
,2.2% students would like to do law courses after 12th , 3.5% students would like to do
designing courses after 12th 0.9% students would like to do animation courses after 12th
and 82.7% students are not applicable.
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Q.3(D) If you Choose commerce then what would you like to do after the 12th?
A) B.Com. B) B.C.A. C) Charted Accountancy
Table 13

B.Com. 145 21.0
B.C.A. 43 6.2
Charted Accountancy 47 6.8
Total 692 100.0
Pie Chart
B.Com.
21%
B.C.A.
6%
Not Applicable
Charted
66%
Accountancy
7%
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent from Schools, 21%
Students would like to do B.com. after 12th, 6.2% Students would like to do B.C.A.. after 12th
,6.8% students would like to do charted Accountancy after 12th and 66% students are not
applicable.
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Q.4) What level do you want to study?
A) Master B) M.phil. C) Ph.D.
D) PG Diploma/Certificate/professional Courses. E) Not Sure.
Table 14
Q_4 Frequency Percent

Master 160 23.1
M.Phil 34 4.9
Ph.D 77 11.1
PG Diploma /Certificate / Professional
54 7.8
Courses
Not sure 367 53.0
Total 692 100.0
Pie Chart
Master
23%
M.Phil
Not sure 5%
53%
Ph.D
11%
PG Diploma
/Certificate /
Professional
Courses
8%
Interpretation:
Students want to do study upto master level, 4.9% Students want to do study upto
M.phil.,11.1% students want to study upto Ph.D. , 7.8% students want to do study upto PG
Diploma /Certificate / Professional Courses and 53% students are not sure.
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Q.6) Do you know that M.A / M.Sc. (Statistics) Scholars can get jobs in Indian Statistical
Service or District Statistics Officer?
A) Yes. B) No
Table 15

Yes 168 24.3
No 524 75.7
Total 692 100.0
600
75.7% Bar chart
500
400
Number of students
300
200 24.3%
100
Yes No
Interpretation:
Students are in favour M.A / M.Sc. (Statistics) Scholars can get jobs in Indian Statistical
Service or District Statistics Officer and 75.7% are not in favour about the same.
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Q.7) How do you feel about career planning?
A) Self-confidence. B) Worried. C) Excited. D) Not sure
Table 16

Self Confidence 248 35.8
Worried 140 20.2
Excited 212 30.6
Not Sure 92 13.3
Total 692 100.0
Pie Chart
Not Sure
13%
Self Confidence
36%
Excited
31% Worried
20%
Interpretation:
Students are self-confidence about career planning, 20.2% Students are worried about career
planning, 30.6% Students are excited about career planning and 13.3% students are not sure
about their career.
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Q.8) Do you have any Aim?
A) Yes. B) No
Table 17

Yes 486 70.2
No 206 29.8
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
500
450 70.2%
400
Number of students
350
300
250
200 29.8%
150
100
50
0
Yes No
Interpretation:
Students have aim, 29.2% Students have not any aim i.e. not sure about career.
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Q.9) Do you get any scholarship?
A) Yes. B) No
Table 18

Yes 355 51.3
No 337 48.7
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
355
51.3%
350
Number of students
345
340
48.7%
335
330
325 Yes No
Interpretation:
Students get scholarship, 48.7% Students don’t get any scholarship And mostly students get
scholarship from state government.
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Q.10) Interest in any activity other than studies:
A) Singing. B) Dancing. C) Playing
D) All E) Others
Table 19

Singing 110 15.9
Dancing 138 19.9
Playing 244 35.3
All 102 14.7
Others 98 14.2
Total 692 100.0
Pie Chart
Others Singing
14% 16%
All
15% Dancing
20%
Playing
35%
Interpretation:
Students are Interested in Singing, 19.9% Students are Interested in dancing , 35.3%
Students are Interested in playing , 14.7% Students are Interested in all the above activity,
14.2% Students are Interested in other activity includes painting and sketching etc.
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Q.12) Are you get education related to sports in your school?
A) Yes. B) No
Table 20

Yes 594 85.8
No 98 14.2
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
600
85.8%
500
Number of students
400
300
200
14.2%
100
0 Yes No
Interpretation:
Students are getting education related to sports in school and 14.2% Students don’t get any
education related to sports in school.
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Q.13) Is there any activity related to NCC and NSS in your school?
A) Yes. B) No
Table 21

Yes 449 64.9
No 243 35.1
Total 692 100.0
Bar Chart
450
400
64.9%
350
Number of students
300
250
35.1%
200
150
100
50
Yes No
0
Interpretation:
Students opinion that there is activity related to NCC and NSS in their school and 35.1%
Students opinion that there is not any activity related to NCC and NSS in their school.
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Q.5) Do you know that M.A / M. Sc (Statistics) is a course?
A) Yes. B) No
Table 22
Cross tabulation
Q.5
Yes No Total
Government Count 88 308 396
Expected Count 100.1 295.9 396.0
Type_School % within Type_School 22.2% 77.8% 100.0%

private Count 87 209 296
% within Type_School 29.4% 70.6% 100.0%
Total Count 175 517 692
% within Type_School 25.3% 74.7% 100.0%
Bar Chart
350
308
300
Number of students
250
209
200
Yes
150 No
88 87
100
50
0
Government Private
Type of school
29 | P a g e
Our Problem is to test the Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge about M.Sc.(Statistics) does not dependent upon

type of school
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Knowledge about M.Sc.(Statistics) dependent upon type of
school.
Then Chi-Square test is:
Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 4.609 1 .032
Interpretation:
The Calculated value of  =4.609 for 1 degree of freedom(d.f) whose p-value is
2
0.032<0.05, we may reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with 1 degrees of
freedom and data is significant.
Hence,we conclude that Knowledge about M.Sc.(Statistics) dependent upon type of school.
30 | P a g e
Q_2) Which Subject will you Choose after class 10th?
A) Biology B)Mathematics C)Arts D)Commerce
Table 23
Distribution of Students According To Their Choice of Subjects and family income.
Choice of Subjects
Biology Mathematics Arts Commerce Total
Up to 50000 184
48 36 41 59
26.6%
Family 50001- 300000 263
Income 69 53 51 90
38.0%
Yearly
300000 Above 245
70 66 23 86
35.4%
Total 187 155 115 235 692
27.0% 22.4% 16.6% 34.0% 100.0%
Bar Chart
90
80
70
90
60 86
Number of Students
69 70 Upto 50000
50 66
59 50001- 100000
40 48 51 100000 Above
53
30
36 41
20
23
10
0
Biology Mathematics Arts Commerce
Choice of Subject
31 | P a g e
Null Hypothesis H 0 : Choice of Subjects is not dependent upon their family Income.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Choice of Subjects is dependent upon their family Income

Interpretation:
The Calculated value of  =16.615 for 6 degree of freedom(d.f) whose p-value is
2
0.011<0.05, we may reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with 6 degrees of
freedom and data is significantly differ.
Hence, we conclude that Student’s Opinion about Choice of Subjects is dependent upon their
family Income
Therefore we can say that interest of each students in their selective subjects depends
on the family income yearly.
32 | P a g e
Table 24
Distribution of Students According To Their Gender and School Type
Cross tabulation
Type of School
Government private Total
Male 122 158 280
40.5%
Gender
Female 274 138 412
59.5%
Total 396 296 692
57.2% 42.8% 100.0%
300 Bar Chart

250
200
274
Gender
150 Gender Male

Gender Female
158 138
100
122
50
0
Government Private
School Type
Interpretation:
From the above table we see that out of 692 respondent 122 males are in
Government School, 158 males are in Private School and 274 females are in Government
School, 138 females are in Private School.
33 | P a g e
Table 25
Distribution of Students According To Knowledge about Job Opportunity in Science

Stream and Type of School
Cross tabulation
Job Opportunity in Science
Stream
Yes No Total
Count 275 121 396
Government Expected Count 287.3 108.7 396.0

% within Type of
69.4% 30.6% 100.0%
Type of School School
Count 227 69 296
Private
% within Type of
76.7% 23.3% 100.0%
School
Count 502 190 692
Total
% within Type of
72.5% 27.5% 100.0%
School
Bar Chart
300
250
Number of students
200
275 Government
150 Private
227
100
121
50 69
0
Yes No
Knowledge of student about Job Opportunity in Science Stream
34 | P a g e
Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Science

Stream does not depend upon type of School.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Science

Stream depends upon type of School.
Interpretation:
The Calculated value of 
2
=4.464 for 1 degree of freedom(d.f) whose p value is
0.035<0.05, we reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with 1 degrees of
Hence, we conclude that Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Science Stream
depends upon type of School .
35 | P a g e
Table 26
Distribution of Students According To Knowledge about Job Opportunity in Commerce

Cross tabulation
Job Opportunity in
Commerce Stream
Yes No Total
Count
294 102 396

Government
Type of School % within Type of
74.2% 25.8% 100.0%
School
Count 227 69 296
Private
% within Type of
76.7% 23.3% 100.0%
School
Count
521 171 692
Total Expected Count 521.0 171.0 692.0
% within Type of
75.3% 24.7% 100.0%
School
Bar Chart
300
250
Number of Students
294
200
227 Government
150
Private
100
102
50 69
0
Yes No
Knowledge of student about Job Opportunity in Commerce Stream
36 | P a g e
Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Commerce

Stream does not depend upon type of School.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Commerce

Stream depends upon type of School.
Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .545 1 .460
Interpretation:
The Calculated value of  =0.545 for 1 degree of freedom(d.f) whose p value is
2
0.460>0.05, we accept our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with 1 degrees of

freedom and data is non-significant.
Hence,we conclude that Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in commerce Stream
does not depend upon type of School .
37 | P a g e
Table 27
Distribution of Students According To Knowledge about Job Opportunity in Arts

Cross tabulation
Job Opportunity in
Arts Stream Total
Yes No
Count 269 127 396
Government Expected Count 252.9 143.1 396.0
Type of % within type_school 67.9% 32.1% 100%
School Count 173 123 296
Private Expected Count 189.1 106.9 296.0
% within type_school 58.4% 41.6% 100%
Count 442 250 692
Total Expected Count 442.0 250.0 692.0
% within type_school 63.9% 36.1% 100.0%
Bar Chart
300
250
Number of students
200
269
150 Government
173 Private
100 127 123
50
0
Yes No
Knowledge of student about Job Opportunity in Arts Stream
38 | P a g e
Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Arts Stream does
not depend upon type of School.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Arts Stream
depends upon type of School.
Interpretation:
The Calculated value of  =6.602 for 1 degree of freedom (d.f) whose p value is
2
0.010<0.05, we reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with 1 degrees of

Hence, we conclude that Knowledge of Students about Job Opportunity in Arts Stream
depends upon type of School .
39 | P a g e
Table 28
Distribution of Knowledge of Students about Stream and Father’s qualification.

Cross tabulation
Choice of Subjects after 10th
Illiterate Count 7 9 11 13 40
% within Father
17.5% 22.5% 27.5% 32.5% 100.0%
Education
Up to 10th Count 78 62 74 115 329
% within Father
23.7% 18.8% 22.5% 35.0% 100.0%
Education
12th Count 34 26 17 55 132
% within Father
25.8% 19.7% 12.9% 41.7% 100.0%
Education
Father Graduation Count 49 42 10 34 135
Education % within Father
36.3% 31.1% 7.4% 25.2% 100.0%
Education
PG and Count 19 16 3 18 56
above % within Father
33.9% 28.6% 5.4% 32.1% 100.0%
Education
Count 187 155 115 235 692
Total % within Father
27.0% 22.4% 16.6% 34.0% 100.0%
Education
Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge of Students about Stream does not depend upon Father’s
qualification.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Knowledge of Students about Stream depends upon Father’s
qualification.
Chi-square testing is as follows:

40 | P a g e
120 115
Bar Chart
100
Number of Students
78
80 74
62 Biology
60 55
49 Mathematics
42 Arts
40 34 34
26 Commerce
19 16 18
20 11 13 17
7 9 10
3
0
Father Education
Interpretation: The Calculated value of  =43.357 for 12 degree of freedom (d.f)

2
whose p value is 0.000<0.05, we reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with
12 degrees of freedom and data is significant.
Hence,we conclude that Knowledge of Students about Stream depends upon Father’s
qualification .
41 | P a g e
Table 29
Distribution of Knowledge of Students about Stream and Mother’s qualification.
Cross tabulation
Choice of Subjects after 10th
Illiterate Count 27 17 25 27 96
% within Mother
28.1% 17.7% 26.0% 28.1% 100.0%
Education
Up to 10th Count 84 67 67 133 351
% within Mother
23.9% 19.1% 19.1% 37.9% 100.0%
Education
12th Count 38 29 15 37 119
% within Mother
Mother 31.9% 24.4% 12.6% 31.1% 100.0%
Education
Education
Graduation Count 30 30 6 33 99
% within Mother
30.3% 30.3% 6.1% 33.3% 100.0%
Education
PG And Count 8 12 2 5 27
Above % within Mother
29.6% 44.4% 7.4% 18.5% 100.0%
Education
Count 187 155 115 235 692
Total % within Mother
27.0% 22.4% 16.6% 34.0% 100.0%
Education

Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge of Students about Stream does not depend upon Mother’s
qualification.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Knowledge of Students about Stream depends upon Mother’s
qualification.

42 | P a g e
140 133 Bar Chart
120
100
Number of students
84
80
Biology
Mathematics
60 67
67 Arts
38 37
40 30 30 33 Commerce
27 29
25
20 15 12
27 6 8
17 2 5
0
Illiterate Up to 10th 12th Graduation PG And
Above
Mother Education
Interpretation: The Calculated value of  =34.640 for 12 degree of freedom(d.f)

2
whose p value is 0.001<0.05, we reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with
12 degrees of freedom and data is significant.
Hence, we conclude that Knowledge of Students about Stream depends upon Mother’s
qualification .
43 | P a g e
Table 30
Distribution of Students According To Father’s Occupation and Type of School.
Cross tabulation
Type of School
Government private Total
Farmer Count 52 22 74
% within Father Occupation 70.3% 29.7% 100.0%
Private Job Count 45 95 140
Govt. Job Count 41 80 121
Father
Occupation
Bussiness Count 84 56 140
Others Count 171 41 212
Not Count 3 2 5
Applicable % within Father Occupation 60.0% 40.0% 100.0%
Total Count 396 296 692

Null Hypothesis H 0 : Father’s Occupation of Students does not depend upon Type of
School.
Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : Father’s Occupation of Students depends upon Type of School.

Pearson Chi-Square 116.15 5 0.000
44 | P a g e
180 171
Bar Chart
160
140
Number of students
120
95
100
80 84
80
Government
52 56
60 45 private
41 41
40
22
20
3 2
0
Farmer Private Job Govt Job Bussiness Others Not
Applicable
Father's Occupation
Interpretation: The Calculated value of  =116.1 for 5 degree of freedom(d.f) whose p

2
value is 0.000<0.05, we reject our null Hypothesis at 5% level of significance with 5 degrees
of freedom and data is significant.
Hence,we conclude that Father’s Occupation of Students depends upon Type of School .
45 | P a g e
Conclusion
From above analysis we conclude that job opportunity in science stream
is significantly associated with type of schools i.e. choice of science stream of
government schools and private schools students have significant difference in
their opinion about job opportunity in science stream. In choice of commerce
stream, government schools and private schools students have non- significant
opinion about job opportunity in Commerce stream. In choice of arts stream,
government schools and private schools have significant different opinion about
job opportunity in arts stream. According to Mother’s education and Father’s
education is significantly associated with choice of subject after 10 th i.e. most of
the students have choice commerce subjects. Choice of subject is significantly
associated with family income. The students whose family income is high they
have opted more commerce as a subject. Knowledge about M.Sc.(statistics) is
significantly associated with type of school(Government and private school).
students of private schools have more aware than government schools related to
their career. Father’s occupation is significantly associated with type of
school(Government and private school).
46 | P a g e
Field Experience and Difficulties
During the survey of the project ,many experience of difficult ranges were felt and some
difficulties were faced as well. The first and foremost step in concluding any survey is to
define objective for which answer is sought. The response to the questionnaire is to be
prepared which is sufficient enough for the purpose.
Although the difficulties and obstruction are not worthwhile to express but some of the major
confronting difficulties in the course of survey has been listed below:
1. To get permission for interview with students from School authority.

2. It is a common experience in the survey that the data can’t always be collected for all
the units selected in the sample. The selected students could not be gathered to their
varying engagement in class and library works.
3. At the first instant, some students refuse to give the detail information and showed no
interest being quite reluctant in answering the question.
4. Some students will not give information about their family background and about
their income.
5. In period of survey, most of the students are not available for interview because of
practical and pre-board examination.
6. Limited time for interaction with students.
7. After the data collection, the tabulation, analysis and interpretation process was also
found difficult, at time bringing out the result of the survey.
47 | P a g e
References
1) S.C. Gupta & V.K. Kapoor (2017): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi, Eleventh addition.
2) Naval Bajpai (2014):Business Statistics, Second Edition, Pearson, New Delhi.
48 | P a g e
APPENDIX
" Awareness of career based upon different subjects in the High School
Students "
School of Studies in Statistics
Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur(Chhattisgarh)
Biological Information:
1)Name: ....................... 2) Age: ................... 3)Sex : ..........................
4) Education: ............... 5) Type of School: Govt./Private
6) Medium: ………………. 7) Name of School: …………..
Family Background:
7) Family Income (Yearly):
A) Up to 50,000. B) 50,001- 1,00,000. C) More than 1, 00,000
8) Necessary details:
Number of family members and Occupations
S.No. Name of Members Education Occupation
Factual Information:
1) Do you know what careers are you interested in?
A) Yes I have a strong career goal. B) No, I do not even know what kind of career I want.
2) Which Subject will you choose after Class 10?
A) Biology. B) Mathematics. C) Arts. D) Commerce
3) What are the courses in Biology/Mathematics/Arts/Commerce (Choose one option in
A/B/C/D)
A) If you choose mathematics then what would you like to do after the 12th?
i) Engineering (B. e/B. tech). ii) B.Sc.(CS/Mathematics/Statistics/ etc.)
B) If you Choose biology then what would you like to do after the 12th?
i) MBBS. ii) B.Sc.(Biology). iii) Homeopathy-BHMS
iv) B.Pharmacy. v) Bachelor of physiotherapy
C)If you Choose arts then what would you like to do after the 12th?
i) B.A. ii) B.Ed. iii) Law Courses. iv) Designing Courses. v) Animation Courses
D)If you Choose commerce then what would you like to do after the 12th?
i) B.Com. ii) B.C.A. iii) Charted Accountancy
4) What level do you want to study?
A) Master B) M.phil. C) Ph.D.
D) PG Diploma/Certificate/professional Courses. E) Not Sure.
5) Do you know that M.A / M. Sc (Statistics) is a course?
49 | P a g e
A) Yes. B) No
6) Do you know that M.A / M.Sc. (Statistics) Scholars can get jobs in Indian Statistical
Service or District Statistics Officer?
A) Yes. B) No
7) How do you feel about career planning?
A) Self-confidence. B) Worried. C) Excited. D) Not sure
8) Do you have any Aim?
A) Yes. B) No
If Yes, then Specify:
9) Do you get any scholarship?

A) Yes. B) No
If yes, where do you get scholarships?
A) Central Government B) State Government
10) Interest in any activity other than studies:
A) Singing. B) Dancing. C) Playing
D) All E) Others
11) Does the school organize an event?
A) Science exhibition. B) Sports or cultural. C) Quiz competition. D) All E)No one
12) Are you get education related to sports in your school?
A) Yes. B) No
13) Is there any activity related to NCC and NSS in your school?
A) Yes. B) No
14) Do you know that there are job opportunities in the course of science stream?
A) Yes. B) No
If yes, then select the required option that you only know:
i) Engineer. ii) Doctor. iii) Architect.
iv) Lecturer. v)Scientist. vi) Programmer
15) Do you know that there are job opportunities in the course of the Commerce Stream?
A) Yes B) No
i) Chartered accountant. ii) banker. iii) Merchants
16) Do you know that there are job opportunities in the course of the Arts stream?
A) Yes B) No
i) Artist. ii) Sculptor
iii) Author. iv) Librarian
50 | P a g e

Highschool Analysis

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Highschool Analysis

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Introduction

 how students perceive themselves in high school,

Elements that go into choosing your optimal career after 10th:

 Your own priorities

1. Aim of The Survey:

We have Prepared Questionnaire which consists of three sections given below:-

3. Determination of Data to Be Collected:

S.No. Name of School Number Of Students

7. Statistical Hypothesis Testing:

We use Random Sampling because Random sampling is one of the simplest

Hypothesis Testing: Hypothesis testing is a statistical method that is used in making

 Alternative hypothesis: Contrary to the null hypothesis, the alternative hypothesis

 Level of significance: Refers to the degree of significance in which we accept or

 p-value: (Probability value or asymptotic significance)When you perform a

8. Preparation of frequency table:

The data presented in two types:

Chi-square are calculated for testing dependence or independence of two attributes.

Null Hypothesis H 0 : The attributes are independent.

From Chi-square definition,

Where O ij =Observed frequency and E ij =Expected frequency.

Conditions for Applying the Chi-square Test:

Distribution of Students According to their School

Name of School Frequency Percent

Salem English School

Distribution of students According to Their Gender

Gender Frequency Percent

Distribution of Students According To Educational Qualification Of Their Father

Education of Student’s Father Frequency Percent

200 PG and above

Distribution Of Students According To Their Father’s Occupation

Occupation of Student’s father Frequency Percent

0 50 100 150 200 250

Distribution Of Students According To Educational Qualification Of Their Mother

Education of Student’s Mother Frequency Percent

Distribution Of Students According To Their Mother’s Occupation

Occupation of Student’s Mother Frequency Percent

600 76.4% Private Job

500 Govt. Job

100 7.8% 7.7%

Distribution Of Students According To Their Family Income

Family_Income_Yearly Frequency Percent

Distribution Of Students According To Choice of Subjects after Class 10th.

Subjects Frequency Percent

Q.1 Frequency Percent

Total 692 100.0

Interested Courses after 12th Frequency Percent

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Interested Courses after 12th Frequency Percent

Interested Courses after 12th Frequency Percent

Interested Courses after 12th Frequency Percent

Q_4 Frequency Percent

Q_6 Frequency Percent

Q_7 Frequency Percent

Q_8 Frequency Percent

Q_9 Frequency Percent

Q_10 Frequency Percent

Q_12 Frequency Percent

Q_13 Frequency Percent

Type_School % within Type_School 22.2% 77.8% 100.0%

Null Hypothesis H 0 : Knowledge about M.Sc.(Statistics) does not dependent upon

Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Distribution of Students According To Their Choice of Subjects and family income.

Then Chi-Square test is:

Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)