Climate Change Impacts On Forest Resource Users' Livelihood and Associated Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study of Chandpai Range, Sundarbans

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOREST RESOURCE USERS’
LIVELIHOOD AND ASSOCIATED ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: A

CASE STUDY OF CHANDPAI RANGE, SUNDARBANS
Presented By:
Mahmud Hasan Tuhin
ID: 180203
Supervised by:
Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul Alam
Professor
Department of Environmental Sciences

Jahangirnagar University
© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul Alam (The materials/information presented on this meeting/event
1
report/publication is the presenters’/participants’.)
Introduction
© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul Alam (The materials/information presented on this meeting/event 2
report/publication is the presenters’/participants’.) Acknowledgement: GIZ-SMP
Outline
Outline of the of the Presentation
presentation
• Background/ Problem
statement
• Study area
• Methods of the study
• Results
• Findings
• Way forward
© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul Alam (The materials/information presented on this 3
meeting/event report/publication is the presenters’/participants’.) Acknowledgement: GIZ-SMP
Background
Outline of the of the study
presentation
• Sundarbans Reserved Forests (SRF) is the
worlds largest mangrove forest.
• World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in
1997
• Declared as Ramsar site in 1992
• Ideal habitat for some globally important flora
and fauna.
• Ecosystem is highly productive in nature and
rich in biodiversity.
• 1.4 million people are indirectly, and 0.25
million people are directly dependent on
Sundarbans for their livelihoods.
• Frequently affected by climate induced
disasters
• Both slow and rapid onset climate induces
disasters are affecting the ecosystem and
livelihoods of the surroundings.
© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul Alam
• Livelihoods of the Forest Resource Dependent
(The materials/information presented on this
communities are much more vulnerable.
meeting/event report/publication is the
presenters’/participants’.) Acknowledgement: GIZ- 4
SMP
Objectives of the study
✓To identify the impact

of climate change on
livelihood of the
forest resource
dependent
community.
✓To identify
sustainable
adaptation strategies
for the forest
resource dependent
communities. © Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul
Alam (The materials/information presented on
this meeting/event report/publication is the
presenters’/participants’.) Acknowledgement: 5
GIZ-SMP
Study Area
© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

presenters’/participants’.) Acknowledgement:
6
GIZ-SMP
Study Area
Mongla Upazila
Bagerhat Chandpai
Khulna District Chila Union
Union
Division
Joymoni- Joymoni Dakkhin
Ulukata Kainmari
7 -8

GIZ-SMP
Methodology

GIZ-SMP
Methodology
• Primary Data collection
➢Structures questionnaire survey
for the all Households for four
villages. (Total 1208 Households
between July to October 2018)
➢ Four (4) Focus Group Discussion
(FGD)
➢ Three (3) Key Informants
interview (KII) with some key
stakeholders: Forest Department
Officials, Local NGO officials,
Local Leaders.
• Secondary Data collection
➢Published Report, Journals,
unpublished thesis, Project
Reports, BARC data, ©BBS reports.
Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul
this meeting/event report/publication is the 9
Data Analysis
Climate Induced Disasters
Cyclone Strome Reduction Other

Objective 1: Climate Livelihood
Assets
surge of Forest
Resources
Disasters….
change Impact analysis Natural
on livelihood Physical
➢ Leopold matrix system. Economic
Health
Infrastruct
ure
0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact, 2 = Low impact, 3 = Moderate Impact,

4 = High Impact, 5 = Severe impact
Adaptation Evaluation criteria

Interventions
Dose it support Dose it possible Will it support
Objective 2: Adaptation current
adaption
through current
socio-economic
in future
climate change
strategies identification Adaption

system system situation
➢Adaptation decision Option 1

matrix Adaption
Option 2
GIZ-SMP
Results

GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Resource Users Status of the Studied Villages
Total House hold No. No of Resource User HH
450
400
350
300
No of Housrhols
250
200
150
100
50
0
Joymoni 7 Joymoni 8 UluKata Dakkhin Kainmari
Village Name
Most of the Households are Resource users

Total Household No.: 1208
Resource users’ Household No.: 982
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Major Livelihood Groups of the Studied Villages
Other Non-Timber Forest Resource Collector and Business
Fisher (Regular/Seasonal/Fry/Crab)
Mowali (Honey Colelctor)
Percentage (%) of Major livelihood groups
Bawali (Wood/Nypa Collector)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

Village Name

Fishers> Bawali> Mowali> Other non timber forest resource collector and business
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Contribution of Annual Income from Forest Resources
100%
90%
80%
Percentage (%) of Total annual income
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Village Names
Significant portion of annual©income of the

Mahmud Hasan Households
Tuhin, are from Forest Resources
Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul
this meeting/event report/publication is the 14
Cont.. presenters’/participants’.) Acknowledgement:
Results Objective 1:
Climate change knowledge of the Resource Users (RUs)
Households (HHs)
Full Awareness Partially Aware Not Aware
10%
38%
52%

Most the Households are Aware about “climate change”
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Long Term Observed Change in Climate Induced Disasters
5
Index for observed change in disaster
0
Cyclone Storm Surge High Tide/ Sea Salinity Intrusion Erratic Rainfall Reduction of Forest Drought/Increased River/Land Erosion
level rise Resource Temperature
Disasters
0 = No Change, 1= Minor Change, 2©=Mahmud Hasan3 Tuhin,

Low Change, Dr. A. Change,
= Moderate K. M. Rashidul
4 = High Change, 5 = Severe Change
Most changed disaster : Cyclone>Storm surge> Reduction
presenters’/participants’.) of Forest Resources>Hightide/Sea level 16
Acknowledgement: rise
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Climate Induced Disaster Impact Ranking
5
4
Observed Impact Index
0
Cyclone Reduction of Forest Storm Surge Salinity Intrusion High Tide/ Sea level Erratic Rainfall Drought/Increased River/Land Erosion
Resource rise Temperature
Disasters
0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact,

© 2Mahmud
= Low impact, 3 = Moderate
Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K.Impact, 4 = High Impact, 5 = Severe impact
M. Rashidul
Most impacted disaster : Cyclone>Reduction of Forest
this meeting/event Resources>
report/publication is theStorm surge> Salinity> Hightide
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Impact of Climate Change Induced Disaster on Major Livelihood
Group
Cyclone Reduction of Forest Resource
Storm Surge Salinity Intrusion
High Tide/ Sea level rise Erratic Rainfall
5
DISASTER IMPACT RANKING
MAWALI BAWALI FISHER OTHER NON-TIMBER

FOREST RESOURCE
MAJOR LIVELIHOOD GROUPS OF THE STUDY AREA COLLECTOR AND
BUSINESS
0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact, 2 = Low impact, 3 = Moderate Impact, 4 = High Impact, 5 = Severe impact
Most impactedAlam Livelihood Group (considering
(The materials/information presentedfinancial
on capital) :
Bawali> Mawali> Fishers> Other non timber forest resource collector and business
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 1:
Impact of Climate change induced disaster on other livelihood
capital of RUs
Cyclone Reduction of Forest Resource Storm Surge Salinity Intrusion High Tide/ Sea level rise Erratic Rainfall Drought/Increased Temperature River/Land Erosion
5
DISASTER IMPACT RANKING
0
N AT URA L PHYSI CA L SO CI A L HEA LT H
FOUR LIVELIHOOD CAPITALS FOR ALL RESOURCE USERS HOUSEHOLDS
© Mahmud
0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact, Hasan Tuhin,
2 = Low impact, Dr. A. K.Impact,
3 = Moderate M. Rashidul
4 = High Impact, 5 = Severe impact
Most impacted Livelihood this Capitals
meeting/event report/publication
(Natural, Physical,isSocial
the and Health capital) :
Cont.. Natural> Physical>GIZ-SMPHealth> Social
Objective 1:
Overall Impact of Climate Change Induced Disaster on
Livelihood of Resource users (RUs)
5
3
Impact Index
Natural Physical Social Health Financial

Livelihood Capitals
0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact, 2 = Low impact, 3 = Moderate Impact, 4 = High Impact, 5 = Severe impact
Alam (The materials/information
Overall Impact Score : presented
3.27 on
Moderate Impacts on livelihood ofAcknowledgement:
presenters’/participants’.) the forest resource users 20
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 2:
Current Adaptation practices by the Resource Users (RUs)
80% Following early warning/ Going Cyclone shelter Embankment construction or Plinth Raising
Vegetable/Fruit cultivation Poultry/Cattle rearing
70% Shrimp/Crab/Fish cultivation Rain Water Hervesting/Water retension in pond
Increase leagally entry inside forest (With Permit/BLC) Increase Illegal entry inside forest (Without pass/ BLC)
Alternate Income Generation activities Migration for work (Short to long time)
60%
Capacity development training Loan from Bank/NGO/ Project
Social seafty net service by Govt.
50%
Percentage (%) of responce
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Disasters
Existing Adaptation: Following
thisearly warning>Embankment
meeting/event construction>Migration
report/publication is the
Cont.. GIZ-SMP
Objective 2:
Suggested Sustainable Adaptation Strategies by the Resource
Users (RUs)
Improvement of early warning System/ ensuring presence in Cyclone shelter
Plinth Raising/ Embankment construction
Rain Water Harvesting/Water retention in pond
Increase legal entry inside forest (With Permit/BLC) and improvement of Co-management activities
Alternate Income Generation activities (Vegetable/Fruit cultivation, Poultry/Cattle rearing, Shrimp/Crab/Fish cultivation)
Percentage (%) of House holds
Migration for work (Short to long time)

Introducing Capacity development training and Social Safety net program by Govt.
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Disasters
Proposed Adaptation: Improvement of early warning> Increase number of BLC> Capacity
development training> AIG> Plinth raising/Embankment
GIZ-SMP construction>Migration
Major Findings

GIZ-SMP
Major Findings
• Major livelihood groups: Fishers (37%)> Bawali (Wood/Nypa Collector) (23%)> Mawali (Honey/Wax
Collector)(21%) and Non Timber Forest Resource collector and Business (19%) which indicate most of the
respondents are forest resource dependent.
• Frequency and intensity of Cyclone increased (Score 4.70/5) and frequency of storm surge also increased (Score
4.51/5). Reduction of forest resources is also considered as disaster and rapidly increasing (score 4.22/5).
• Cyclone has the most devastating effect (Score 4.8/5), Reduction of Forest resources has the second highest
impact (Score 4.70/5) and Strom surge is third (score 4.53/5).
• The impact on financial capital: Bawali (wood collector) was the most affected group (score 3.4/5). After that
group, Mawali (score 3.20/5) and Fishers (score 3.13/5) groups and Other Non-Timber Forest Resource Collector
and Business group has less impact (score 2.73/5).
• The impact of climate induced disasters on other four livelihood capitals were also scored by the household
respondents. The impact on natural capital was higher (score 3.73/5). Impact of other capitals were: physical
capital (score 3.31/5), health capital (score 3.06/5) and social capital (2.98/5).
• Overall impact of climate induces disasters on livelihood of the Sundarbans Resources Users was 3.27 suggested
moderate impact Out of 5.
• Different livelihood groups suggested different adaptation options but Introducing Capacity development
training and Social Safety net program by the government was the most frequent suggested option by the
respondent (21%).
• Alternate income generation activities (vegetable/fruit cultivation, poultry/cattle rearing, shrimp/crab/fish
cultivation) was the second most suggested option (18%).
• Third highest (12%) respondent households suggest Increase legal entry inside forest (With Permit/Boat license
certificate) and improvement of co-management activities.
GIZ-SMP
Way forward

GIZ-SMP
Way forward
• In future climate sensitive ecosystems will be
affected more and the dependent communities
are at extreme risk.
• Development of indigenous knowledge centric
ecosystem based adaptation is needed.
• Better management of forest resources through
established co-management initiatives by the
government of Bangladesh and non-
governmental organizations is needed.
• Need Control over legal and illegal entry inside
forest by the department.
• Capacity development training, social safety net
program by the government of Bangladesh for
forest resource users and support for Alternate
income generation activities (vegetable/fruit
cultivation, poultry/cattle rearing,
shrimp/crab/fish cultivation) is required.
GIZ-SMP
Acknowledgment
• Local Communities
• Management of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forests
for Biodiversity Conservation and Increased
Adaptation to Climate Change (SMP) Project of GIZ
• Bangladesh Forest Department
• Centre for Natural Resources Studies (CNRS)

GIZ-SMP
Thanks to all
GIZ-SMP
28

Climate Change Impacts On Forest Resource Users' Livelihood and Associated Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study of Chandpai Range, Sundarbans

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CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOREST RESOURCE USERS’

LIVELIHOOD AND ASSOCIATED ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: A

Department of Environmental Sciences

✓To identify the impact

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

Cyclone Strome Reduction Other

change Impact analysis Natural

➢ Leopold matrix system. Economic

0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact, 2 = Low impact, 3 = Moderate Impact,

Adaptation Evaluation criteria

strategies identification Adaption

➢Adaptation decision Option 1

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

Most of the Households are Resource users

Bawali (Wood/Nypa Collector)

Joymoni 7 Joymoni 8 UluKata Dakkhin Kainmari

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

Joymoni 7 Joymoni 8 UluKata Dakkhin Kainmari

Significant portion of annual©income of the

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

0 = No Change, 1= Minor Change, 2©=Mahmud Hasan3 Tuhin,

0 = No impact, 1= Minor Impact,

MAWALI BAWALI FISHER OTHER NON-TIMBER

FOUR LIVELIHOOD CAPITALS FOR ALL RESOURCE USERS HOUSEHOLDS

Natural Physical Social Health Financial

Migration for work (Short to long time)

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

© Mahmud Hasan Tuhin, Dr. A. K. M. Rashidul

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