Executive Summary

The aim of this paper is to discuss the four main types of leaderships as
stated by Charles Pellerin and also their distinguished characteristics. He
highlighted four leadership styles i.e. cultivating, including, visioning,
and directing. He used the colors to symbolize these styles such as
green, yellow, blue, and orange respectively. The cultivating type of
leadership is the one that is more concerned about people. They show
gratitude and have the ability to earn loyalty of the people along with
the capability to deal with difficult projects. The second style is the
including style that believes in participation of each member of the
team is vital to the success of the project. The sense of participation
drives the people to work harder. The third type of leadership style as
described by Pellerin is visioning, this is based on positive attitude and
dedication towards the project. The leaders following this are good
motivators and create amazing ideas but that is just about it. Finally, the
last type of leadership is directing style. This is systematic and organized
type of leadership that values the team members and is capable of
delivering projects yet in front of the team members the main
objectives are sometimes sidelined.

Leadership Issues
To the success of any project, it is vital to have a leader that is efficient.
The efficiency of the leader profoundly impacts the level of productivity
and thus the success. An unskilled and an untrained leader is the reason
most project fail or are left mid-way. Moreover, the profits also depend
on the efficiency of the leader [2]. The leader who lacks this quality is a
bad news. But if he is efficient, the profits are set to reach great heights.
In case of employee turnover, the leadership style has a great role to
play. The motivating, supporting and organized leader will built an
organization with minimal rates of employee turnover; if the case is
opposite the graph can change adversely. For any organization, the
employees are the most important asset. If these assets fail to align
themselves with the organization, the company might face huge losses
[3]. It depends on the abilities of the leader to ensure the process of
employee engagement runs smoothly. His inefficiency might lead to
wastage of resources like time, money, efforts and the skills of human
resources [4]. The number of failed attempts rises and opportunities are
wasted.

Leadership Styles

Charles Pellerin of NASA discussed four main types of leadership styles.

The leadership styles are also called 4-D or four dimensional styles [1].
HE illustrated and simplified these styles in the form of colors namely
green, yellow, blue, and orange. Among these the green is cultivating
style of leadership; yellow is including style of leadership; blue is
visioning style of leadership; and lastly orange is directing style of
leadership. The yellow dimension is about emotions. The abilities that
develop after communications and relationships come under this head.
The second dimension, green, is motivating and is concerned with other
people and their welfare. The blue dimension i.e. the visioning deals
with the logical abilities and the leaders that use this style of leadership
are very efficient. At last, the orange dimension, it directs and
encourages people. The main attributes of this particular dimension are
planning, organizing, managing, directing and controlling. Thus, these
four dimensions have different traits and yield different results.

Project Success

When it comes to effective leadership, there are various styles.

Different leaders have different way of operating and the most
commonly used leadership styles are- transactional leadership, Laissez-
faire leadership, charismatic leadership, participative leadership,
people-oriented leadership, and more [5]. Among these leaderships the
most successful ones are the participative leadership, laissez-faire
leadership, and charismatic leadership. The participative style of
leadership permits the employees’ participation in the decision making
process. In addition, employees provide with creative ideas but the last
decision is of the leader. The second type of style is the laissez-faire; in
this type of leadership the team members’ work by themselves. They
are independent to perform the task the way they like [6]. Leaders,
however, are available for any help but they do not actively participate.
If there is appropriate feedback, this is one of the most successful
leadership styles. The charismatic leadership impacts the employees like
no other. The charisma i.e. the personality of the leader motivates the
team to do better and achieve good results.

Ethical Issues

In the Hubble Telescope, there was a flaw in the mirror because of the
error in the device that was used to shape the mirror that resulted from
its wrong assembly. There was no testing, the flaw was big and because
of that the team members were subjected to criticism and
embarrassment. It was not only a failure for NASA but also for the team,
individuals, and everyone involved in the project [7]. The situation took
a great toll on people. Later, the team started searching for solutions to
solve the issue and they came with the adjustments in the specs of the
images. If the mirror in the orbit was to be replaced; this would have
cost too much and also would have taken a long time. The ethical issues
lead to shift the focus from the goal yet under efficient leadership and a
dedicated team; it was able to live through the tough time.
References

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