Aplite (pron.

: /ˈæplaɪt/) in petrology, the name given to intrusive rock in which quartz and
feldspar are the dominant minerals. Aplites are usually very fine-grained, white, grey or pinkish,
and their constituents are visible only with the help of a magnifying lens. Dykes and threads of
aplite are commonly observed traversing granitic bodies; they occur also, though less frequently,
in syenites, diorites, quartz-diabases and gabbros.

Aplites usually have a genetic affinity to the rocks they intersect. The aplites of granite areas, for
example, are the last part of the magma to crystallize, and correspond in composition to the
quartzo-feldspathic aggregates that fill up the interspaces between the early minerals in the main
body of the rock. They bear a considerable resemblance to the eutectic mixtures which are
formed on the cooling of solutions of mineral salts, and remain liquid till the excess of either of
the components has separated out, finally solidifying en masse when the proper proportions of
the constituents and a suitable temperature are reached.

The essential components of aplites are quartz and alkali feldspar (the latter usually orthoclase or
microperthite), microcline and albite. Crystallization has been apparently rapid (as the rocks are
so fine-grained), and the ingredients have solidified almost at the same time. Hence their crystals
are rather imperfect and fit closely to one another in a sort of fine mosaic of nearly equi-
dimensional grains. Porphyritic feldspars occur occasionally and quartz more seldom; but the
relation of the aplites to quartz-porphyries, granophyres and felsites is very close, as all these
rocks have nearly the same chemical composition.

The aplites associated with diorites and quartz-diabases differ in minor respects from the
common aplites which accompany granites. The accessory minerals of these rocks are principally
oligoclase, muscovite, apatite and zircon. Biotite and all ferromagnesian minerals rarely appear
in them, and never in considerable amounts. Riebeckite-granites have close affinities to aplites,
shown especially in the prevalence of alkali feldspars. Tourmaline also occurs in some aplites.

The rocks of this group are very frequent in all areas where masses of granite are known. They
form dykes and irregular veins which may be only a few inches or many feet in diameter. Less
frequently aplite forms stocks or bosses, or occupies the edges or irregular portions of the interior
of outcrops of granite. The syenite-aplites consist mainly of alkali feldspar; the diorite-aplites of
plagioclase; there are nepheline-bearing aplites which intersect some elaeolite-syenites. In all
cases they bear the same relation to the parent masses. By increase of quartz, aplites pass
gradually, in a few localities, through highly quartzose modifications into quartz veins.