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Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 9, No.

2, April 2019 12

IOT based Accident Preventing and Reporting


System
Prakritee Dev, Jolly Valour Syiemiong, Olbanisha Iawphniaw
and Rinchen Doma Bhutia
Abstract--- An accident is an unpredicted and position globally in terms of causalities occurred due to road
unintentional event. Considering the alarming increase in the accidents Despite many efforts taken by different
number of accidents happening in our country, this system governmental and non-governmental organizations all around
ensures to make the four-wheeler driving safer than before for the world by various programs to aware against careless
the rider. The lack of treatment in proper time is the major driving, yet accidents are taking place every now and then.
reason for half of the deaths in road accidents. This system However, many lives could have been saved if the emergency
aims at providing early detection and prevention of accidents service could get the alert and crash information in time. As
and communicating the information immediately to the such, efficient automatic accident detection and prevention
emergency responses on time to provide quick assistance for with an automatic notification to the emergency service
the injured person. When the car or any other four wheeler with the accident location is a prime need to save the
detects the sensors i.e. temperature sensor, alcohol sensor or precious human life. This project proposes to utilize the
eye blink sensor then it directly extracts the data and send it to capability of a GPS receiver to monitor the speed of a vehicle,
the Arduino Uno and occurs a beep sound to alert the driver detect an accident basing on the monitored speed, detect the
to prevent from the accident. When the driver met with an sensors by sending the alert beep sound to prevent and also
accident and the car hits with any substances, the collision send the location and time of the accident from the GPS data
sensor which is embedded in the car senses the collision processed by an Arduino.
frequency and transfers to the Arduino module that is
interfaced to it. While collision occurs, the Arduino Uno board
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
extracts GPS data from the GPS module and the message with
all the necessary information is sent quickly to the registered Now a day’s lots of accidents happen on highways due to
emergency contacts of the driver. This system assures to increase in traffic and also due to rash driving of the drivers. It
provide immediate assistance to the victim of the accident. The is a common scenario that people die unnoticed during an
results give exact locations of the accident. accident, especially during night time. Communication is only
possible only through telephone calls and the saved contacts.
Index Terms--- Accident Monitoring, Smartphone, GSM, There is no such system to inform the rescue forces and the
GPS, Sensors, SMS, Website. family members with the details when the driver is seriously
injured. If any other vehicle driven person will observe the
accident then he immediately intimate hospital and police. The
I. INTRODUCTION
ambulance will arrive quickly to that place and carry the

T HE development of a transportation system has been the


generative power for human beings to have the highest
civilization above creatures in the earth. But it can also bring
accident affected persons to the hospital to save their lives.
There is no such system that can detect and report to the
nearby location and the family members when the accident
disaster to us and even can kill us through accidents. Speed is occurs.
one of the most important and basic risk factors in driving. It
not only affects the severity of a crash, but also increases risk
of being involved in a crash. According to a survey conducted
in 2013 by Hindustan Times in India in every three minutes
there is one death due to the road accidents in which 77% of
accidents are due to manual mistakes. According to a recent
survey by WHO published in Times of India, India is on 1st

Prakritee Dev, Final Year, B.E. Computer Science and Engineering,


Excel Engineering College, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India.
E-mail: prakriteedev@gmail.com
Jolly Valour Syiemiong, Final Year, B.E. Computer Science and
Engineering, Excel Engineering College, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India.
E-mail: jollyvalour04@gmail.com
Olbanisha Iawphniaw, Final Year, B.E. Computer Science and
Engineering, Excel Engineering College, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India.
E-mail: olbanishai@gmail.com
Rinchen Doma Bhutia, Final Year, B.E. Computer Science and
Engineering, Excel Engineering College, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India.
E-mail: neonkunyoung123@gmail.com Fig. 2.1: Block Diagram
DOI:10.9756/BIJSESC.9014

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Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019 13

As shown in above block diagram, they have used three all around it which would sense the impact in the accident, and
sensors like heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor and eye- then will send the readings to the Arduino Module which will
blink sensor which is connected in micro controller. Micro process the readings and in case if the readings are above the
controller is the device which they have used in this project, predefined threshold values it will set up an alarm which
micro controller is a computer present in a single integrated would run for 10 seconds.
circuit designed to govern specific system in an embedded
There will be impact sensors deployed on the each of the
system. While in our project we have use Arduino in which
side of the vehicle which will help users to prevent and alert.
we have connected four sensors. This is an Arduino based
In case of any impact the sensors will provide the Arduino
collision detection warning system. This kind of system is the
with the readings, the Arduino will process these readings and
fastest growing safety feature in automotive industries. Such a
if these readings exceed the threshold values then the Arduino
system enables vehicles to identify the chances of collision
will activate the GPS and GSM module which will acquire the
and give visual and audio warning to driver, so that the driver
vehicle current coordinates.
can take necessary action to avoid collision. This project idea
is based on an Arduino module as well as micro controller and And if they will detect the collision sensor then the module
the whole project will give us a very good understanding of will send the SMS to the saved contacts, owner and the nearby
how this system works. In existing they used only GSM hospital ambulance.
module, whereas in our system we are using GPRS and GSM When the Arduino will detect the collision sensor then it
module. This devices is based on GSM/GPRS module with will directly send the SMS to the contacts and by the GPS
include GPS. Its main function is to detect and communicate module they can easily locate the accident location and
its own geographical position using, on the choice, the cellular immediate action will be given. APRS will help to give the
phone are due to the use, or the GPS. It’s a small dimensions required information about the users or the owner immediately
are due to the used for the first time, of a GSM/GPRS modules by searching in the website through the owner or the admin.
integrating the GPS receiver. Hence by this method the victim is relieved from contacting
the medical services or to his near and dear ones on his own
A. Disadvantages when he is not in the condition to do so.
• Some of these existing system have only collision
sensor that will help to report to the family members B. Advantages
and the hospital. • This method of analyzing or detecting the presence of
• They can only send the SMS using gsm module to the alcohol in breath is relatively a quick analysis as
saved contacts or the nearby location police stations. compared to other techniques.
• The existing system don’t use sensors collectively to • The sensors used in this project are smaller in size, not
prevent and report at the same time. so bulky, hence can be carried.
• The project based on this technology is self-sufficient
III. NEW METHODOLOGY within itself and thus can be used as a safety system for
In proposed system we try to overcome all the unsupported any vehicle and the human being driving it by
things in existing system. In our new project, vibration preventing the accidents to occur.
sensor/beep sound is used for alerting the drivers using • The system isn’t police dependent.
temperature, alcohol and eye blink sensor. In the existing • Economically low cost.
system, we use it only for alerting the drivers at night time and
sending the SMS to the saved contacts or the nearby hospitals. IV. EQUIPMENT’S AND METHODOLOGY
And also, eye-blinking sensor and collision sensor is added to
our project which will detect and prevent the accidents by A. Arduino UNO
analyzing the movements and actions with the database of the The Arduino UNO is a widely used open-source
drivers and owners. On the other hand, our new project can microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
alert the drivers at night and daytime also. It can help to detect microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. [The board is
accidents in significant less time with the emergency server to equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O)
the nearest location and also sending the SMS to the family pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards
using GSM/GPRS. (shields) and other circuits.
The board features 14 Digital pins and 6 Analog pins. It is
A. How the System Will Work programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Before buying or renting the car or any four wheeler users Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a
should have to register in our member website called APRS. USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery, though it accepts
In that website it should be done through the owner and in that voltages between 7 and 20 volts. 2. A power supply is an
website the user should have to fill up all their details electronic device that supplies electrical energy to an electrical
including the car model. It will help to maintain the database load. Here Arduino Uno, sensor, GPS, GSM operates with DC
of the users by the owner. And also owner should have to 12V supply.
register in APRS to maintain the database that should be
accessed by the admin. We propose a new method in which
the vehicular body will be equipped/embedded with sensors

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Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019 14

B. Sensors
The sensors deployed on the vehicle will sense the level of
impact and will provide the Arduino with the information
about the impact for further processing. The sensors deployed
on the car for prevention will be Temperature Sensor, Alcohol
Sensor and Eye-Blink Sensor and for the reporting Collision
Sensor will be used.

C.GPS Module
Global Position System (GPS) is a space based satellite
navigation system that provides location and time information
in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth where
there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPs
satellite. The system provides critical capabilities to military,
civil, commercial users around the world. It is maintained by
the United States government and is freely accessible to
anyone with a GPS receiver. The exact location will be
provided by the GPS Module to the smart phones.

D. GSM Module
There are different GSM module are available in the
market. SIMCOM developed different frequencies module
includes 800MHz, 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz. Fig. 4.1: Flow chart
We select SIM800L module for the proposed work. It is
compact easy plug in module. The modem needs only two V. CONCLUSION
wires (TX, RX). The modem also has a SIM SLOT where a
registered SIM CARD will be placed in other to send the pre- The proposed system is developed to provide the
programed message to the predefined destinations. The information about the accident occur and the location of the
modem uses the GSM ANTENNA to search for secured accident. It helps to easily provide the assistant and help to the
network for the message to be sent. victim of the accident. This system uses GPS module to locate
the vehicle. GSM is used to provide the information of
E. Algorithm accident. The results of the proposed systems are satisfactory.
Further this system can be implemented by using different
The sensors deployed on the vehicle will be responsible for
sensors, in order to make it more accurate and efficient to
providing the data to the Arduino with the impact information
detect an accident. This is extended with alcoholic detection
and alert the drivers. The Arduino will process the data
also. If the person took alcohol who is driving then the vehicle
received from the sensors and will initiate the reporting
procedure. If the readings collected will be more than the will be stopped immediately by giving alarm.
threshold values provided then it will alert the drivers by the
beep sound. If the module will detect collision sensor then it REFERENCES
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ISSN 2277-5099 | © 2019 Bonfring

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