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Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 9, No.

2, April 2019 40

Pollution Monitoring and Controlling System


Using Global System for Mobile Communication
Network
S. Kavitha and Dr.S. Sutha

Abstract--- The level of pollution has increased with times


by lot of factors like the increase in population, increased II. LITERATURE SURVEY
vehicle use, industrialization and urbanization which results This paper is concerned with the application of wireless
in harmful effects on human wellbeing by directly affecting sensor network (WSN) technology to long-duration and large-
health of population exposed to it. In order to monitor quality scale environmental monitoring. The holy grail is a system
of air, water quality and sound level of the environment over that can be deployed and operated by domain specialists not
wireless sensor network (WSN) based new framework is engineers, but this remains some distance into the future. We
proposed which is based on data acquisition, transmission and present our views as to why this field has progressed less
controlling. quickly than many envisaged it would over a decade ago. We
use real examples taken from our own work in this field to
The proposed work provides detail about the level of air
illustrate the technological difficulties and challenges that are
pollution in particular regions, and alerts message gives in
entailed in meeting end-user requirements for information
cases of drastic change in quality of air. This information can
gathering systems.[3] Reliability and productivity are key
help to take immediate actions such as evacuating people or
concerns and influence the design choices for system
sending emergency response teams.
hardware and software[1].
The main problem faced in previous papers where either
I. INTRODUCTION
the process was complex or it required high cost for

I N industry quality assessment is an evaluation of the


industrial quality in relation to standard quality set by
pollution control board. Particular attention is given to factors
implementation. Also other processes mainly lacked access at
remote locations and hence this system proves to overcome
these major drawbacks The main objectives of Industrial
which may affect human health and the health of the natural pollution monitoring system using GSM are
system itself.
1. To determine the quality of effluent management and
The quality assessment of the industrial environment has working environment in industries.
been, traditionally, the need to verify whether the observed 2. To determine the key descriptors to be considered in
industrial quality is suitable for intended uses. The use of pollution monitoring.
monitoring has also evolved to determine trends in the quality 3. To determine the feasibility and cost of a monitoring
of the water, air and soil environment and how they are program.
affected by the release of contaminants, other anthropogenic
activities, and/or by waste treatment operation (impact III. COMPONENTS
monitoring). To estimate nutrient or pollutant fluxes
discharged to rivers, ground waters, lakes, oceans and soil or A. PIC16F877A Microcontroller Device
across international the boundaries. The assessment of PIC16F877 belongs to a class of 8-bit microcontrollers of
background quality of the industrial environment is also now RISC architecture. It has 8kb flash memory with Flash used
widely undertaken as it provides a means of comparison with for storing software and suitable for micro device
impact monitoring. It is also used simply to check whether any development. For continuous power supply to regulate
unexpected change is occurring in otherwise pristine temperature, If during a loss of power supply this data was
pollutants. Industrial environmental quality is varying lost, we would have to make the adjustment once again upon
depending on local conditions[2]. return of supply. Proposed work would use the following
components
The main problem faced in previous papers where either
the process was complex or it required high cost for • RISC architecture
implementation. Lacking in access at remote locations and • Only 35 instructions to learn
hence this system proves to overcome these major drawbacks • All single-cycle instructions except branches
• Operating frequency 0-20 MHz
S. Kavitha, Final Year, EEE-Institute of Road and Transport Technology, • Precision internal oscillator
Erode.
Dr.S. Sutha, Assistant Professor/MCA, K.S.R.College of Engineering,
• Factory calibrated
Tiruchengode.
DOI:10.9756/BIJSESC.9020

ISSN 2277-5099 | © 2019 Bonfring


Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019 41

• Software selectable frequency range of PIN Diagram


8MHz to 31KHz
• Power supply voltage 2.0-5.5V
• Consumption: 220uA (2.0V, 4MHz), 11uA
(2.0 V, 32 KHz) 50nA (stand-by mode)
• Power-Saving Sleep Mode
• Brown-out Reset (BOR) with software control option
• 35 input/output pins
• High current source/sink for direct LED
drive
• software and individually programmable
pull-up resistor
• Interrupt-on-Change pin
• 8K ROM memory in FLASH technology
• In-Circuit Serial Programming Option
• Chip can be programmed even embedded in
the target device Fig: PIN Diagram
• 368 bytes RAM memory
• A/D converter:
• 14-channels
• 10-bit resolution
• 3 independent timers/counters
• Watch-dog timer
• Analogue comparator module with
• Two analogue comparators
• Fixed voltage reference (0.6V)
• Programmable on-chip voltage reference
• PWM output steering control
• Eight level deep hardware stack
• Power-on Reset (POR)
• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Fig: Microcontroller
• Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
IV. HISTORY OF CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO
• Programmable code protection
In the early 1970s,the idea of cell-based mobile radio
• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC systems appeared at Bell Laboratories (in USA) this systems
oscillator for reliable operation were not introduced for commercial use until the 1980s.
• Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes
The standardized system had to meet certain criteria:
• Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)
• Spectrum efficiency
• Enhanced USART module
• International roaming
• Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN2.0
• Low mobile and base stations costs
• Auto-Baud Detect
• Good subjective voice quality
• Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP)
• Compatibility with other systems such as ISDN
• supports SPI and I2C mode (Integrated Services Digital Network)
• Ability to support new services
The existing cellular were developed using an analog
technology, the GSM system was developed using a digital
technology.

ISSN 2277-5099 | © 2019 Bonfring


Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 2019 42

V. EVOLUTION OF GSM
GSM has most widely adopted and fastest-growing digital
cellular standard, become the world’s dominant cellular
standard. Second-generation GSM networks deliver high
quality secure SMS/ Text
The following GSM generation passed in 3decades:
1G Analog Communication
2G Digital Communications
2.5G GPRS
2.75G EDGE
3G Enhanced feature of Video call
4G High-speed Wireless Broadband
i. GSM Network
This network can be divided into three broad parts. Mobile
Station is carried by the subscriber. BSS controls the radio link Fig: Channels (SDCCH)
with the Mobile Station. The Network Subsystem, the main This pollution monitoring system and control is very wide
part of which is the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), and this project is an attempt to minimize the problem of cost
it performs the switching of calls between the mobile users, and regular inspections by the utility of Global System for
and between mobile and fixed network users. It handles the Mobile communications. For alleviating these problems,
mobility management operations. advanced GSM system used. The performance and robustness
of the pollution monitoring and control system can further be
improved by implementing sensors for controlling dust, noise,
smoke, moisture and other parameters, thereby improving the
industrial and natural environment

VI. CONCLUSION
The proposed Wireless Air Pollution Monitoring System
provides real-time information about the level of air pollution
in these regions, as well as provides alerts .If drastic change in
quality of air. This information can then be used by the
authorities to take prompt actions such as evacuating people or
sending emergency response team. An wireless distributed
mobile air pollution monitoring system was implemented
using the GSM. The system utilizes city buses to collect
ii. Mobile Station pollutant. Gases such as CO, NO2, and SO2. If the condition
for communication is enabled, the data received from the
MS has Mobile Equipment (ME) and SIM such as hand microcontroller .The strings are converted to numeric data
portable and vehicle mounted unit. Subscriber Identity Module which is represented in front panel.
(SIM), which contains the entire customer related information
(identification, secret key for authentication, etc.). Subscriber REFERENCES
information, such as the IMSI (International Mobile
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sensors”, In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sensing
In BSS all radio-related functions are performed in the Technology, Pp. 73-78, 2011.
BSS, which consists of base Station controllers (BSCs) and [3] J. Ding, J. Zhao and Biao Ma, “Remote monitoring system of
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[4] N. Kularatna and B.H. Sudantha, “An environmental air pollution
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method must be devised to divide up the bandwidth among as requirements”, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 8, Pp. 415-422, 2008.
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ISSN 2277-5099 | © 2019 Bonfring

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