HC Verma Gauss Law Solutions

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GAUSS LAW – SOLUTIONS TO HC VERMA
GAUSS LAW
Question For Short Answer
E E
S S
 = B S = B S Cis0
 = B  S = BS cos180
 = BS  = −B S
So, yes flux will change but magnitude & flux will be same.
Therefore, magnitude is constant.
3. Electric field inside the uniformly charge distributed spherical shell is zero. So, yes at centre is also
zero.
If a point charge is brought to the shell then due to charge distribution properties of then due to
charge distribution properties of conductor, still field inside shell will be zero buit in case of non-
conductor it cannot distribution charge over surface by itself field at centre will not be zero.
Inside any conductor, field is always zero, this is the properties of conductor.
Electric field & inside the uniformly charge distributed spherical plastic shell it zero.
If, We reshape it without altering the charge densities over its surface, then electric field inside shell
may not be zero, since plastic is a non conductor, it cannot distribute its charge over its surface.
But if shell is made of a metal (conductor) then, still, electric field inside shell be zero (after
deshaping it).
4. Electric field indie the uniformly charge distributed, spherical plastic shell is zero. If, we deshape it
without altering the charge densities over its surface, then electric field inside shell may not be zero,
since plastic is a non conductor, it cannot distribute its charge over its surface. But if shell is made of
a metal (conductor) then, still electric field indie shell be zero. ( after dish aping it).
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5 No, ‘q’ will not feel any electronic force due to outer charge ‘Q’
q
Q
6. No, If uniformly charged balloon have not a spherical shape, then field inside balloon will not be
zero.
7. Charge given to conductor comes to its surface, means that, external charge given to conductors
comes to its surface, not its own free electrons or electrons or protons.
Objective – 1
(1)C Charge density of conducting plate = Q , since, it distributes charge on its both surfaces. But charge
2A
density of non conducting plate = Q Now. Electric field due to conducting plate =  = Q
and
A 0 2A 0
 Q
Electric field due to non conducting plate = = Hence, due to both plate electric field will
2 0 2A 0
be same
2.(a) Charged metal plate will induce same opposite nature charge on +
+
metallic substance on front surface and same nature charge as on
+
metal plate will appear on back bace of metallic + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ F+
Fnet
3.(d) According to properties of conductors, it distributes surface in such a

way that electric field inside it due to external source is zero. Hence
q
spherical shell puts some of its negative charge towards right if q, is tve. q
And the charge towards left as showmen for and if field due to external
source inside it is zero (E = 0), therefore,
F = qE = 0 (due to external source).
4(b) Shifting of charge on spherical shell, due to external charge ‘q’ placed right to the spherical shall,
some negative charge will shift to right and negative charge will shift to right and positive charge
will shift to left, since q, is tve.
Then,
BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 3
Inside, the shell electric field due to irregular charge distribution on its surface
will be towards right. And since ‘q’ is tve charge, Therefore force on ‘q’ due to
shell is surface charge distribution will ve towards right.
5(a). By Gauss’s law, net flux through any closed surface inclosing a charge ‘q’ is q/0. So, doesn’t matter
whether radius increased or decreased, if net enclosed charge is same then flux will be same in same
medium.
(6) V
(d)
L
L/2 Fig-1
L/2
L
At t= , Fig = 2
2V
L/2
L
At t= , Fig = 3
V
Let linear charge density of moving rod is n

So, At ' ' length of rod, q = n
And = Vt
So, q = nvt  q  t
As you can see in fig=1. rod is entering to close surface therefore flux (q/0) will increase linearly
from ‘O’ to
( L / 2 ) and remains same from time t=
L
to t = L and then enclosed charge is
0 2V V
decreasing linearly as rod is going from cube, therefore flux will decrease linearly from time t = L
V
and becomes zero at t = 3L / 2

V
Hence,
Flux
L/E0
Q D
(L / 2 ) t=
L
t=
( 3L / 2 ) time
t= V
V V
V
tan  =
0
7 Imaging similar fig. as given to upper half of the horizontal axis

on which charge ‘q’ is placed. Then you will get net flux through
complete about and below surface is q/0. Since, from both
upper half and lower half there hence, equal flux. Flux through
only lower half = q

2 0
CAPACITORS
Question For Short Answers
1 If +, charge is given to positive plate, then by the process +Q1 -Q1 -Q1 – Q2
+ - +
of induction, negative plate looks like shown in fig. Since, + - +
+ - +
Charge of capacitor, means charge on positive plate of + - +
capacitor. Therefore, in this case charge of capacitor is 1. + - +
+ - +
+ - +
+ - +
2 No, we cannot say. But we can say that the ratio of  and V is constant and be equal to capacitance
of capacitor.
3 In nature, every system have tendency to minimize the system’s energy. Or in other words a system
is more stable when it passes lower energy. Hence if a dielectric slab is gradually inserted between
the plates of isolated capacitor, energy of capacitor becomes lower, and the system stability becomes
higher. Therefore, a force is exerted by capacitor on dielectric slab when you put a force to remove
slab from capacitor.
5.(C). Since electric field due to one plate of capacitor at place of second plate remains unchanged
Objective – ll
.3(d). Since,
 1
Induced charge (Q) = = Q  1 − 
 k
Where, Q is charge on capacitor and k (dielectric constant) > 1 for a medium.
5. (b), (c),
If you separate the plates of charged, parallel plate capacitor, then plate’s charge will be same. And
due to these electric field between plated will same. But, since due to change in capacitance
 1   1 2
 C   potential difference  V =  will change and energy of capacitor  Cv  will also
 d  c 2 
change.
2. (b), (c)
2 (b), Since capacitor is isolated hence, charge on capacitor remains +Q -Q

(c) same.
K
ELECTRIC CURRENT IN CONDUCTORS

Question For Short Answers
5. Since, we define drist speed as average speed, due to random motion of electrons.

Vd = (is overage speed in time t)
t
Instantaneous speed of electron in current caring wire is variable w.r.t. time.
d 
Vinst = = lim .
dt t −0 t
Hence, we cannot define drift speed in from of instantaneous speed.
6. Yes, it is right, that no electric field can be existing inside the conductor, however, conductors can
carry charge inside it when we put potential difference across it.
10. There is two different physical quantities, work done, and energy. But it can be added subtracted
with each other since their dimensions and units are same work can transform into energy and energy
can transform into work. Hence here work done by battery transforming into thermal energy of
resistor.
11. In the case of ideal battery work done by the battery will be equal to thermal energy developed in the
circuit. It is valid for only parely resistive circuit. But when you consider a circuit containing
capacitor then this will not be valid. Because some parts of energy is stored inside capacitor. In form
of electrical energy.
12. No work done by battery is not equal to thermal energy developed in resistor. In case of non ideal
battery. Due to internal resistance (rin) of non-ideal battery some heat is developed inside the battery.
But. In case of ideal battery, yes, work done by battery will be equal to thermal energy developed in
resistor.
13. Yes heat is defined as energy being transferred, but notice in this that energy in form of heat is
transferred to another system as heat. but here kinetic energy transforming into heat energy due to
collision of electrons.
14. Actually charge is going through the wire. But we define current as a flow of charge. Hence we say
that there is a current in wire, (not as current is going in the wire).
16. No, As in any segment current carrying wire, there is equal no. of charges are entering and leaving.
17. Yes when you are charging a battery having same internal resistance then
A I r
 VA – VB=+1
MAGNETIC FIELD
Question for short answers
1. Electric field and magnetic field are not basically independent. They are two aspects of the same
entity wich we combinely called electro-magnetic field. Therefore, in moving frame with charged
particle there is same force existing but in form of electric – force and also there exists now electric
field in moving frame with charged particle.
3. Only in uniform magnetic field, a current loop will experience zero. And not in non uniform
magnetic field.
6. Since, C = q V  B ( )
Here q = -e, V along x-axis and F along y-axis.
Therefore, B will be along z-axis.
7. ) (
Yes, if torque on the static loop is zero. Means  = A  B i = O , where, A : Area vector. (When
angle between area vector ( A ) and magnetic field vector ( B ) is zero ( = 0).
8. Yes, Net charge of any segment of current carrying loop is zero, but electron is moving however
proton is at rest. Therefore electron facing some force but proton not so, that’s way magnetic field
exerts force on it.
9. In both orientation, the equilibrium is unstable equilibrium, not stable.
Change in flux (  )
10. Since  mf ( in volt ) =
time (1st )
In units’ – form
Wb
Volt = .
sec
or, Wb = volt − sec
Objective – l
1.a As we know, with increase in temperature resistance of conductor increases, due to increase in no. of
collision. But in case of semiconductor, there is no sufficient electrons are available to conduct
electricity, Hence with increase in temperature of semiconductor.

2(d). Since, R = , so we cannot calculate resistance with only resistivity(s), without and ' '.
A
5.(c) Since, In an electric circuit containing battery, current flows R
from positive terminal of battery, but in a current carrying wire,
actually electrons flows in opposite direction to the direction of I I
current.
Objective – ll
eF
1.a Since electron is accelerated with acceleration towards right, otherwise, you can this by potential
m
energy.
7.c,d In current carrying wire, net charge in any section of wire is zero. Means, in any section there will
equal no. of electrons entering and leaving. Hence flux. = 0. Since, enclosed charge = 0. Therefore,
initially flux is zero and ofter closing the switch it is also zero.
8.(c) Due to process of induction of charge

+
negative charge will induce on conductor + +
near point p and positive charge will induce +
on opposite side conductor and imagining +
+
closed Gaussian surface is given where +
positive charge will induce. Hence, enclosed
charge will become some positive charge.
Therefore flux through closed given surface
will be positive.
2.d ( )
Since F = q V  B , measn, on charge depends upon the type of charge (tve or –ve), sence of
rotation (clockwise or anti clockwise) and direction of magnetic field.

If force is radialy outward then tension increase and if force is radialy inward then tension decrease.
1d Since net enclosed charge in the surface in which capacitor is, q in

+Q -Q
(+Q) + (-Q) = 0
2d C C C
Ceq = (in series) and, since half of the applied
2
voltage will appear across the capacitor, means if 2V V
we apply ‘2V’ potential across capacitor system
then ‘v’ potential will appear across each
capacitor. Hence, In series as given, the
2V
breakdown voltage will be 2V
3C Ceq. = 2C and, Since potential across each capacitor C

will be equal to applied potential, in parallel
combination. Hence breakdown voltage will be ‘V’ V
2V
CHAPTER – 31
GAUSS'S LAW
QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER

1 The flux of electric field should be maximum when the plate is 1 r to the
electric field 90o
On the other hand for the plate to be parallel to the electric field . the flux is minimum. Reason. This
is because in the former area of exposure to flux is maximum unlike the later case.
Flux of a electric field is produced by a charged body or magnetic body. Here there is no such charge
of conditions, so there is no charge in the flux of the electric field.
x x x x
x x
x x
F
x x x
x x
x x
3 The field at the centre is zero. Yes the field at centre changes. Yes, the answer Q
depends upon whether the shell is conducting or non-conducting
q
4. Inside the shell net charge = 0 so  Edx =  0
E = 0 if q = 0. Yes, the field will change now it will no
equal to zero. If shell is of metal, then also field will be zero inside.
KQq
5. Yes, because of the electric force between the two charges i.e. F = .
r2
6. Yes the field inside the balloon is zero. This is also
7. No the protons will not come to the surface. Only the free electrons will come and remain to the
surface.
OBJECTIVE –I
1. (c) For a metallic plate , the change is uniformly distributed throughout it. Hence the electric field at
point ‘P' remain the same. As it is a plate.
2. This is because the electric field due to the +ve charged plate puts an attractive force on it and here
the nutral particles as well as the (-) ve charged particles attracted.
3. (d) The electric field inside-charged metallic spherical shell is zero.
4 (b) Due to the charge ‘q’ an addtional force develops thought the shell which attracts 'q' towards
right.
5. (a) Although the surface area increases but the no of electric lines of force of flux constant However
the flux density may charge.
6. (d) Electric field increases as the rod approaches and then remains constant when the rod is inside the
cube, as there are no fl here. Again the flux goes on decreasing as the rod comes out of the cube.
q
7.  E ds =  0
q
For one surface the flux gets halved, i.e.
2 0
OBJECTIVE –II
1. (d) The flux of the electric field through a closed due to all the charges is equal to the flux due to the
charges enclosed by the surface
2. (d) It is through induction all the charge appear on the surface of cube, this is the property of
conductor.
-
+Q -
- - - - ++ +
-- - +
- - + + +
- -
-
- - - -- - + +
- -- - +
- +
3. All are true by induction.

+
+ -- + -- +
+ -- + -- +
+ + +
+
4. (b), (c) (by Gauss's Law)
5. (a), (c) Because the electric field is limited to the dipole only
+
E
6. (a), (c) For there positions the flux of the electric field is not affected by that of A & C as they are in
line with `q'
7. (c), (d) Initially since these is no net charge enclosed inside the surface, hence flux is zero pinally the
flux is alsp zero. When the current flow is stopped. Hence the flux remains unchanged and is equal to
zero.
8. (b) Due to induction
Some amount of charge is induced in the conducting sphere due to induct from P. Ag some part of
this charge also remains within the closed surface. Hence according to Gauss’s law electric flux is
(+ve).
x
x
x x
P
x
conductivity
x
x
closed surface
EXERCISES
^ ^
1. Given: E = 3/ 5E0 i + 4 / 5E j
E0 = 2.0  103 N/C The plane is parallel to yz-plane.

^
Hence only 3/ 5E0 i passes perpendicular to the plane where as 4/5E0 goes parallel Area = 0.2m2
(given)
 Flux = E  A = 3/ 5  2 103  0.2
= 2.4  102 Nm2/c = 240Nm2/c
^
Y j
xxxxx
xxxxx
xxxxx X
^
i
xxx
xx
z k
2. Given length of rod = edge of cube = 1 portion of rod inside the cube = 1/ 2
Total charge = Q
Linear charge density =  = Q / I of rod.
We know: Flux a charge enclosed. charge enclosed in the rod inside the cube.
= 1/2 0  Q / 1 = Q / 2 0
1/2 1/2
3. As the electric field is uniform. Considering a perpendicular plane to it we find that it is an

equipotential surface Hence there is no net current flow on that surface Thus, net charge in that
region is zero.
E0x ^
4. Given: E = i l = 2m a = 1cm.
l
E0 = 5 x103 N/C, From fig. We see that flux passes mainly through surface areas ABCD & EFGH As
the AEFB & CHGD are paralled to the Flux.
Again in ABCD a = 0; hence the Flux only passes through the surface area EFGH.
E0 X ^
E= i
I
Flux = E0x/L  area 5  103  a / l  a3
= 5  103  a3 / l = 5  103  (0.01)3 / 2  10-2 = 5  103  1  10-6 / 2  10-2
= 2.5  10-1 Flux = q / 0 So, q = 0 Flux
= 8.85  10-12  2.5  10-1 = 22.125  10-13 = 2.2125  10-12c
o, a, o H
C
A
P O
a, o, o
B o, o, a F
5. According to Gauss's Law Flux = q/0.

Since the charge is placed at the centre of the cube. Hence the flux passing through the six surface
Q/60  6 = Q / 0.
6. Given – A charge is placed on a placed on a plain surface with area = a2, about a / 2 from its centre.
Assumption: let us assume that the given plain forms a surface of an imaginary cube. Thus the
charge is found to be at the centre of the cube. Hence flux through the surface = Q/0  1 / 6 = Q /
60.
7. Given: Magnitude of the two charges placed = 10-7C.

We know: from Gauss’s law that the flux experienced by the sphere is only due to the internal
change and not by the external one.
Now,  E.ds = q /  0 [by Gauss law]
9. Given: Volume charge density = 2.0  10-4 c/m3

Inorder to find the electric field at a point 4cm = 4  10-2m from the centre let us assume a concentric
spherical surface inside the sphere.
Now,  E.ds = q /  0
q
But  = so, q =   4 / 3 R 3
4 / 3 R 3
  4 / 3  22 / 7  ( 4 10−2 )
3
1
Hence = 
0 4  22 / 7  ( 4 10−2 )
2
1
= 2.0 10−4 1/ 3  4 10−2 
8.85 10−12
= 3.0  10 N / C
5
4cm
10. Charge present in gold nucleus = 79  1.6  10-19c

Since the surface encloses all the charges we have:
79 1.6 10−19
(a)  E.dd = q / 0 = 8.85 10−12
= Q / 4  a 2 and Q / 4a2 repectively.
(b) Again if another charge ‘q’ is adoed to the does not suntance. We have inner surface charge
density.
= -Q/4a2 because the added charge does not affect it on the other hand the external surface charge
density
(c) Q + q / 4a2 as the 'q' gets added up
(c) For electric field let us assume an imaginary surface area inside the sphere at a distance 'x' from
centre. This is same in both the cases as the 'q' is ineffective.
Now,  E ds = Q /  0 So E = Q / 0 1/ 4  x 2 = Q / 4 0 x 2 .
13. (a) Let the three orbits be considered as three concentric spheres A, B & C
Now Charge of 'A' = 4 x1.6 x 10-19c charge of 'C’ = 2 x1.6 x10-19c charge of 'C’ = 2 x1.6 x10-19C As
the point 'P' is just inside 1 s, so its distance from centre =1.3 x 10-11m
Electric field = Q/40x2
= 4  1.6  10-19 / 4  9.14  8.85  1012  (1.3  10-11)2
= 3.4  1013 N /C
(b) For a point just inside the 2s cloud
Total charge enclosed = 4  1.6  10-19 – 2  1.6  10-19
2 1.6 10−19
= 2  1.6  10-19 Hence. Electric field,
4  3.14  8.85 10−12  ( 5.2 10−11 )
2
= 1.065  1012 N/C = 1.1  1012 N/C
2S
5.2  1011m
1S
A B C
1.3  10-11m N P
10-15m
14. Drawing an electric field around the line charge we find a cylinder of radius 4  10-2 m
Given:  = linear charge density let the length be 1= 2 10-2 m
We know of  E.dl = Q /  0 = l / 0
 E  2rl = l/0

E=
0 2 r
For, r = 2  10-2 m &  = 2  10-6 c / m

2 10−6
E=
8.85 10−12  2  3.14  2 10−2
= 8.99  105 N / C
= 9  105 N / C
2  104 cm
4cm
15. Given:
 = 2  10-8 c /m from the previous problem.

E= for a cylindrical electrified.
0 2 r
Now, Force experienced by the electron due to the electric field in wire
= centripetal force. Eq = mv2
We knnow, m0 = 9.110−31 kg 

 
 0 = ?, r = assumed radius 
1 1 m 2
 Eq =
2 2 r

 KE = 1/ 2  E  q  r = 1/ 2r = 1/ 2   1.6  10−19  r
0 2 r
1.6 10−19
=  2 10−8 = 2 10−8  9 109 1.6 10−19 = 2.88 10−17 J
4 0
16. Given: Volume charge density = f let the height of cylinder be h.

 Charge Q at P = f  4x2  h
Q f 4 x 2  h 2 fx
E= = =
0 ds 0 2    x  h 0
CHAPTER 31
1. The charge on the capacitor is Q.
+Q1 +Q2
Q
2. No, because capacitance is a constant.
r
3. Both have same potential  = 4 0 .
q
Hollow metal solid metal

sphere sphere
4. → P.D. will be zero because surface charges on both plates are same.
Q
→ Charges on facing surface + , each
2
Q
→ Quter surface also + each.
2
5. This is not sufficient to know the maximum charge the capacitor can contain. Potential difference
between plates should be mentioned.
6. Each molecule in a dielutric consist of two opposite charges when inturn given a dielectric constant.
By increase of temperature the vibration in the molecules increase and due to this strength of
ionization bond between positive charge and negative charge decreases. Hence dielectric constant
‘K’ decreases.
+- +-
+- +- +-
+- +- +-
1. (d) The dlux of the electric field through field through a closed surface enclosing the capacitor is
zero.
2. (d) C / 2 and 2V
3. (c) C = 2C, and V = 2V As the potential of battery is same as the individual

CV
CV
4. Current follows easier path.
5. (c) A dielectric siab is inserted both the plates of an imulated capacitor the force between the plates
will remain charged.
1 1 k q 1  1
6. Ed  = 0 E 2 = 0  4 =  0 k 2 q 2   4
2 2 r 2  r
7. (b) Q1 = Q2 as the same battery with draw same potential and hence Q1 = Q2.
k 0 A
8. (d) ‘K’ of metals = . Since, C =
d
9. (c) C1 < C2 since potential difference across C1 is greater than across C2.
Q Q
10. (a) Initially E1 = Finally E2 = , E2  E1
A 0 k A 0
11. The final charges Q1 and Q2 on them will satisfy

Q1 C1
(b) = potential becomes same.
Q2 C2
12. (d) Series, parallel
OBJECTIVE —II
1. The capacitance of a capacitor (c) does not depend on the charges on the plates.
2. (b) The charge on the capacitor will remain same.

The dielectric slab is inserted-between the plates-of-a-capacitor.
The change on the capacitor is Q and the magnitude of the indced charges on each surface the
Dielectric is Q.
(d) Q ‘must be smaller than Q.
4. (a) (c) (d)
5. The separation between the plate have equal charged parallel plate capacitor is increased.
(b) Potential difference across the capacitor.
(b) Energy of the capacitor
6. (d) Equal and opposite charges will appear on the two faces of the metal plate.
7. (b) The charge appearing on the capacitor is greater after the action xwy than after the action xyw
(c) The electric energy stored in the capacitor is greater after the action wxy than after electric action
xyw
(d) The electric field in the capacitor after the action xw is the same as that after wx.
1. Given that: Number of electron = 1  1012

Net charge Q = 1  1012  1.6  10-19 = 1.6  10-7C
 The net potential difference = 10L.
q 16 10−7
 Capacitance −C = = = 1.6 10−8 F
 10
2. A = r2 = 25cm2, d = 0.1 cm

0 A
8.854 10−12  2.5  3.14
C= = = 6.95 10−5  F
d 0.1
5 cm
0.1 cm
3. Let the radius of the disc = R, Area = R2, C = 1f

0 A
d = 1mm = 10-3m. C =
d
8.85 10−12   r 2 10−3 1012
1=  r 2
=
10−3 8.85  
109 109
= = = 5998 − 5m − 5km
8.85  3.14 27.784
1 Min
4. A = 25cm2 = 2.5  10-3 m3, d = 1mm = 0.1cm = 0.01m, V = 6V, Q = ?

0 A 8.854 10−12  2.5 10−3
C= =
d 0.01
8.854 10−12  25 10−3
Q = CV =  6 = 1.32810 10−16 C
0.01
= 1.328110−10 C , W = Q V = 1.628110−10  6 = 8 10−10 J .
5. Plate area A = 25  10-3 m

Separation d = 2mm = 2  10-3m. Potential v = 12v
0 A
8.85 10−12  2.5 10−3
(a) We know C = =
d 2 10−3
q q
= 11.06 10−12 F , C = = 11.06 10−12 =  q1 = 1.32 10−10 C , BOOK MISS
V 12
0 A q 8.85 10−12  2.5 10−3 2
 d = 1MM = 110−3 m. C = = . =
d V 110−3 12
 q2 = 8.85  2.5  12  10-12 = 2.65  10-10 C
 The extra charge given to plate = (2.65 – 1.32)  10-10 C = 1.33  10-19 C
6. C1 = F C2 = 4F C3 = 6F V = 12V
cq = C1 + C2 + C3 = 2+ 4 + 6 = 12F = 12  10-6 F
q1 = 12  2 = 24C, q3 = 12  6 = 72F
q2 = 12  4 = 48C
C1 V C2 C3
7. The equivalent capacity

C1C2C3
C=
C2C3 + C1C3 + C1C2
20  30  40 24000
= =
30  40 + 20  40  +20  30 1200 + 800 + 600
24000
= = 9.23 F .
2600
30F 20F 40F
(a) Let equivalent charge at the capacitor = q

q
c=  q = C  L = 9.23 12 = 110 C on each
V
As this is a series combination, the charge on each capacitor is same as the equivalent which is
110C.
W
(b) Let work done by the battery = W V =  W = vq
q
= 110  12  10-6 = 1329  10-6J = 1.329  10-3 J = 1.33  10-3 J
8. C1 = 8F, C2 = 4F, C3 = 4F
Ceq =
(c 0
2 + c3 )  c1
=
8  8 64
= = 4 F
c1 + c2 + c3 16 16
Since B & C are ll & are in series with A.

So, q1 = 8  6 = 48C, q2 = 4  6 = 24C, q3 = 4  6 = 24C
A 6F
4F B
12V C
4F
9. BOOK MISS
1 1 1 1 1+1 C 4 C 6
= = , =  C p = 1 = = 2  F and Cq = 2 = = 3 F
C C C2 C C1 + C2 2 2 2 2
 C = Cp + Cq = 2 + 3 = 5F
(b) C1 = 4F, C2 = 6F
In case of q & q q = 0
C3 6
 Cq = = = 3 F  Cp = C1 2 = 2 F & C = 2 + 3 = 5 F C & C n = 5 F
2 2
 The equation of capacitor
C + C’ + C” = 5 + 5 = 10F
C1 p C1
C2 C2
A B
C
R C1
C2 C2
s
10. V = 10vCeq = C1 + C2
[They are ll] = 5 + 6 = 11F
q = CV = 11  10 = 110C
A B A5
5F 6F
10 V
B6
11. The capacitance of the other sphere = 2.2F

Potential, V = 10v
Let the charge given to individual cylinder = q
q
C= , q = C  V , = 2.2 10 = 22 F
v
 The total charge given to the inner cylinder = 22 + 22 = 44F
q Kq q R
12. C= , Now,V = So, c1 = = 1 = 4 0 R1 Similarly C2 = 4 0 R2
v R Kq K
R1
The combination is necessarily parallel.

Hence Ceq = 40R1 + 40R2 = 40(R1 + R2)
13. In this system the capacitance are arranged in series.

Then the capacitance is parallel to each other.
C C C
C C C
C
(a) The eqn of capacitance in one row C =
3
(b) and three capacitance of capacity C/3 are connected in parallel
C C C 3C
 The eqn. of capacitance C = + + = = C = 2  F BOOK MISS
3 3 3 3
Total 60
= = 20V
N 0. of capaci tan ce 3
14. Let there are ‘X’ no of capacitors in series ie in a row

200 10
So, x  50 = 200 or, x = = 4 capacitors Effective capacitance in a row =
50 4
Now, let there are ‘y’ such rows each of 4 capacitors.
4  8 32 8 6  3 18
15. (a) Capacitor = =  and = = 2 F
4 + 8 12 3 6+3 9
4F C 8F C 8F

4F
A B
A B
3F 6F
D
3F D 6F
50
4F C 8F
3F D 6F
50
8
(i) The charge on the capacitance F
3
8 400
 Q =  50 =
3 3
400 100  0 A ( 3d + 6bd + 2b )

2 2
400 100
 The potential at 4 F = = at8 F = =
3 4 3 3 8 6 3d ( b + d ) 2b + d
100 100 100 50

The potential difference = − = = V
3 6 6 3
(ii) Hence the effective charge at 2F = 50  2 = 100f
100 100
Potential is 3 F = , Potential at 6  F =
3 6
100 100 50 50
 Difference = − = V  The potential at C & D is F
3 6 3 3
P R 1 1
(b)  = = = = It is balanced. So from it is cleared that the Wheastone brige balanced
q S 2 2
So the potential at the point C & D are same. So no current flow thought the point C & C so if we
connected another capacitor at the point C & D the charge on the capacitor is zero.
C1C2 CC
+ C3 + 1 2
C1 + C2 C1 + C2
2C1C2
= C3 + ( The three are parallel) fig
C1 + C2
A st
7. In the figure the three capacitors are arranged in parallel. All have same surface area = a = , 1
3
0 A
capacitance C1 = ,]
3d
0 A 0 A
2nd capacitance C2 = 3rd capacitance C3 = ,
3(b + d ) 3 ( 2b + d )
0 A 0 A
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 = +
3(b + d ) 3 ( 2b + d )
0 A  1 1 1  8.854 1012  25  3.14

=  + + = = 6.95 10−5  F
3 d b + d 2b + d  0.1
 0 A  ( b + d )( 2b + d ) + ( 2b + d ) d + ( b + d ) d 
=  
3  d ( b + d )( 2b + d ) 
 0 A  2b2 + bd + 2bd + d 2 + 2bd + d 2 + bd + d 2   0 A ( 3d 2 + 6bd + 2b2 )

= =
d ( b + d )( 2b + d ) 3d ( b + d ) 2b + d
a
a b
b
a
d
A B C D
2 0 L 2  3.14  8.85 10−2 10−2 10−1

18. (a)C = =  In2 = 0.6932
In ( R2 / R1 ) In2
= 80.17  10-13  10-13  8PF

(b) Same as R2 / R1 will be same
19. Given that

C = 100PF = 100  10-12F, Ceq = 20PF
V = 24V = 20  10-12F
q = 24  100  10-12 F q2 = ?
= 24  10-10 Let q1 = The new charge 100 PF
V1 = The voltage
Let the new potential is V1
After the flow of charge, potential is same in the two capacitor
q2 q1 q − q1 q1 24 10−18 − q1 q1 q
V1 = = = = = −12
= −12
= 24 10−10 − q1 = 1
C2 C1 C2 C1 20 10 100 10 5
120
= 120 10−10 − 5q1 = q1 = 6q1 = 120 10−10 = q1 =  10−10 = 20  106
6
q1 20  10−10 20V
V1 = =
C1 10−10 S
20. Initially when ‘s’ is not connected,

2C 2C 5
Ceff = ,Q =  50 = 10−4 = 166 10−4 C
3 3 3
After the switch is made on, then Ceff = 2C = 10-5
Q = 10-5  50 = 5  10-4
Now, the charge will remain stored in the short capacitor
Hence net charge flowing = 5  10-4 – 1.66  10-4 = 3.3  10-4C.
B
A
21. Given that mass of particle m = 10 mg Charge q = 0.01C

A = 100cm3 Let potential = V
0.04
The Eq. capacitance C =
2
The particle may be equilibrium , so that the wt. of the particle acting download, must be balance bt
V
 qE = Mg, Electric force = qE = a where V – Potential
d
v.c  A  A
d – separation of both the plates = q c = 0 d = 0 , qE = mg
0 A q c
Q.V .C 0.01 0.02  V
= = mg , = = 0.1 980
0 A 8.85 10−12 100
0.1 980  8.85 10−10 0.000000086

V = = = 0.0043 = 43MV
0.0002 0.0002
V 0.04F p
0.04F
2. Let mass of electron = , Charge of electron = e

We know ‘q’ For a charged particle to be projected in side to plate of a ll plate capacitor with electric
field E,
2
IqE  x 
y=    where y – Vertical distance covered book miss
2m   
d1 V qd1 q
y= ,E = = = x = a,  = ?
2 R  0 a  d1  0 a 2
2
q qd1  0a2
For capacitor A − V1 = = as C =
c1  0 a 2
1
d
Here q = charge on capacitor.

 0a2
q = C  V where = C = Eqquivalent capalent capacitance of the total arrangement
d1 + d 2
d1 1 ev a2
Substituting the fata in the known equation, we get, =  
2 2 ( d1 + d 2 )  2
1/ 2
Vea 2  Vea 2 
=u =
2
u =  
d1m ( d1 + d 2 )  d1m ( d1 + d 2 ) 
Figer given but not clear.
qeme qp
23. The accin. of electron ac = . The acceleration of proton = = ap
Me Mp
1
The distance travelled by proton x = apt 2 ........(i )
2
The distance travelled by electron ……….(ii)
From (i) and (ii)  2 – X = 1 / 2act2, x = 1 / 2act2 2 – x = 1 / 2act2
X a qp E / M p M
 = p = = c
2 − X ac q F / M = x Mp
2− X
c c
9.110−31 9.1
= −27
= 10−4 = 5.449 10−4
167 10 167
 x + 0.0005449x = 1.0005449 = 10.898  10-4x  x + 5.449  10-4x = 10.898  10-4
10.898 10−4
= x + 0.0005449 x = 1.0005449 = 10.898  10−4  x = = 0.001089226
1.0005449
+ 2cm -
+ -
+ qe -
+ -
+ -
+ e -
+ -
E q0 E
+ -
+ E -
+ -
24. (a) book miss through the 5 F capacitor

So, it reduces to
Similar is the case of (b) & (c) as ‘b’ can be written as.
1 3 2  6
Ceq = +
3 +1 6 + 2
3 12 6 + 12 18 9 45
= + = = = = = 2.256  F
4 8 8 8 4 2
1F 3F 1F 3F
A B
A B
2F 6F 2F 6F
1F 2F
5F
6F
2F
25. (a) By loop method application in the closed circuit AB ab DA
2Q Q Q
−12 + + 1 + 1 = 0......(i )
2 F 2 F 4 F
In the close circuit ABCDA
2Q Q + Q1
−12 + + = 0......(ii ) , From (i) and (ii) 2Q + 3Q1 = 48 ………(iii) and 3Q – Q1 = 48, and
2 F 4 F
subtracting Q = 4Q1, and substation in equn.
2Q + 3Q1 = 48  8Q + 3Q = 48  11Q1 = 48,Q1 48 / 11
Q1 48 12
 vAB = = = =V
4 F 11 4 11
2F C 2F a
B
Q Q
4F
4F
Q – Q1
A D b
6F
(b) The potential = 24 – 12 = 12
Potential difference V =
( 2  0 + 12  4 ) = 48 = 8V
2+4 6
 The Va - Vb = - 8V
4F 12V 4F

2F
a
a
24V
24V
(c) From the figure it is cleared that the left and right branch are symmetry and reversed, so the
current go towards BE from BAFEB as the current from EDCBE.
Q 0
 The net charge Q = 0 V = = =0
C C
Left Right
A 2V B 2V C
a
2F b 2F D
F E
 Vab = 0  The potential at Kab is zero. Book miss
24 + 24 + 24 72
= = 10.3V Va − Vb = −10.3V
7 7

HC Verma Gauss Law Solutions

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JEE (MAIN & ADV.

), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

GAUSS LAW – SOLUTIONS TO HC VERMA

3.(d) According to properties of conductors, it distributes surface in such a

Let linear charge density of moving rod is n

and becomes zero at t = 3L / 2

7 Imaging similar fig. as given to upper half of the horizontal axis

only lower half = q

2 (b), Since capacitor is isolated hence, charge on capacitor remains +Q -Q

ELECTRIC CURRENT IN CONDUCTORS

9. In both orientation, the equilibrium is unstable equilibrium, not stable.

8.(c) Due to process of induction of charge

rotation (clockwise or anti clockwise) and direction of magnetic field.

1d Since net enclosed charge in the surface in which capacitor is, q in

3C Ceq. = 2C and, Since potential across each capacitor C

QUESTIONS FOR SHORT ANSWER

6. Yes the field inside the balloon is zero. This is also

3. (d) The electric field inside-charged metallic spherical shell is zero.

3. All are true by induction.

4. (b), (c) (by Gauss's Law)

E0 = 2.0  103 N/C The plane is parallel to yz-plane.

3. As the electric field is uniform. Considering a perpendicular plane to it we find that it is an

5. According to Gauss's Law Flux = q/0.

7. Given: Magnitude of the two charges placed = 10-7C.

9. Given: Volume charge density = 2.0  10-4 c/m3

10. Charge present in gold nucleus = 79  1.6  10-19c

= 1.065  1012 N/C = 1.1  1012 N/C

For, r = 2  10-2 m &  = 2  10-6 c / m

We knnow, m0 = 9.110−31 kg 

16. Given: Volume charge density = f let the height of cylinder be h.

2. No, because capacitance is a constant.

Hollow metal solid metal

3. (c) C = 2C, and V = 2V As the potential of battery is same as the individual

4. Current follows easier path.

11. The final charges Q1 and Q2 on them will satisfy

12. (d) Series, parallel

2. (b) The charge on the capacitor will remain same.

4. (a) (c) (d)

1. Given that: Number of electron = 1  1012

2. A = r2 = 25cm2, d = 0.1 cm

3. Let the radius of the disc = R, Area = R2, C = 1f

4. A = 25cm2 = 2.5  10-3 m3, d = 1mm = 0.1cm = 0.01m, V = 6V, Q = ?

5. Plate area A = 25  10-3 m

6. C1 = F C2 = 4F C3 = 6F V = 12V

7. The equivalent capacity

(a) Let equivalent charge at the capacitor = q

8. C1 = 8F, C2 = 4F, C3 = 4F

Since B & C are ll & are in series with A.

11. The capacitance of the other sphere = 2.2F

The combination is necessarily parallel.

13. In this system the capacitance are arranged in series.

14. Let there are ‘X’ no of capacitors in series ie in a row

4F C 8F C 8F

400 100  0 A ( 3d + 6bd + 2b )

100 100 100 50

0 A  1 1 1  8.854 1012  25  3.14

 0 A  2b2 + bd + 2bd + d 2 + 2bd + d 2 + bd + d 2   0 A ( 3d 2 + 6bd + 2b2 )

2 0 L 2  3.14  8.85 10−2 10−2 10−1

= 80.17  10-13  10-13  8PF

19. Given that

20. Initially when ‘s’ is not connected,

21. Given that mass of particle m = 10 mg Charge q = 0.01C

0.1 980  8.85 10−10 0.000000086

2. Let mass of electron = , Charge of electron = e