WOOD

Assignment

[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
 1) In the tree, what are springwood and the summerwood cells?
Answer:

Springwood similar cell type (tracheid) but dissimilar cell size a good mounting season
consequences in a rise in the percent early wood.

Summerwood large thin wall cells (vessels) transitionng to smaller vessels and mostly
fibers, a good growing period results in the same quantity of early wood vessels but and surge in
the quantity of latewood fibers.

2) Name three softwood species and three hardwood species. What is one common use for
softwood lumber? What is one for hardwood lumber?

Answer:
 Cedar, pine, fir tree (evergreen tree), Scots pine, spruce
 Gray birch
 Black birch
 Paper birch
 Sweet birch
 Yellow birch

Lumber is the raw substantial for furniture-making and supplementary items necessitating
other cutting and shaping. It is accessible in many classes, usually hardwoods; but it is
also gamely available in softwoods, such as white pine and red long, as of their low cost.
Ended lumber is complete in standard sizes, frequently for the building industry mainly
softwood, from coniferous species, with pine, fir and neat cedar, and hemlock, but also
some hardwood, for high-grade terrazzo.

3) What are the difference between the plainsawn and quartersawn lumber? What
application are appropriate for each?
Answer:
Plain sawn type of wood. Crushing this kind of substantial is faster as each log is carved done the
center. There is also very negligible waste complex. When you syndicate a larger yield of lumber
with faster grinding times, you also end up with a supplementary affordable portion of lumber.
Plain sawn wood quantifiable does have some organizational drawbacks. Due to the lateral grain,
there is a complex chance of cupping and meandering with plain sawn lumber.
 Quicker to produce
 Supplementary affordable
 Displays varied grain designs & the unique "minster" appearance
 Quarter sawn wood is other dimensionally unchanging than plain sawn lumber. Further
physical labor and time are obligatory to type a piece of lumber, or flooring plank quarter
sawn. By critical a log into four quarters, then basic sawing each quarter, lumber that
naturally repels cupping. This results in a substantial that has a more unique, linear grain
design.

 New stable than pure sawn lumber

 Improved moisture resistance
 Less probable to cup, twist & warp
 Less exclusive than rift sawn lumber

4)
The toughness of wood is often a purpose of water, can never get drizzling. Quite the conflicting,
wood and water typically live happily composed. Wood is a hygroscopic substantial, which
means it unsurprisingly takes on and give off water to equilibrium out with its close
environment. Wood can securely absorb large quantities of water before accomplishment
moisture satisfied levels that will be appealing for decay fungi.
For example, 200% MC resources a piece of wood has twice more considerable of its weight due
to water than to wood. Two significant MC numbers to reminisce are 19% and 28%. We tend to
call a piece of wood dry if it is at 19% or less moisture satisfied. Fiber capacity averages about
28%.

5)
MC: 25%
No, it was not adequately seasoned because structural framing must be down to 15%.

6) Growth: knots, knotholes, decay, and insect damage

Manufacturing: splits, crooking, waning, bowing, and twisting

7) Species groups are used in structural grading because they are sufficiently similar in their
properties that they may be used interchangeably. Furthermore, by allowing the intermingling of
similar species within one group, harvesting, production, and distribution costs are reduced.

8) 1x4 = .75x3.5
2x4 = 1.5x3.5

2x6 = 1.5x5.5

2x8 = 1.5x7.25

4x4 = 3.5x3.5

4x12 = 3.5x11.25

1 by 4: 3/4 by 3 1/2
2 by 4: 1 1/2 by 3 1/2
2 by 6: 1 1/2 by 5 1/2
2 by 8: 1 1/2 by 7 1/4
4 by 4: 3 1/2 by 3 1/2
4 by 12: 3 1/2 by 11 1/4

9) -Structural plywood: Rotary slicing

-Harwood veneers:
Plainslicing or quaterslicing

10) - SC lumber makes productive use of wood materials that are rapidly renewable or that might
otherwise be treated as waste, as they offer numerous of the assistances of glue-laminated wood:
dimensional stability, structural strength up to three times of that of conventional material
- Quality of large sizes and long lengths is consistent