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Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to figure out the perception of respondents on
the implementation of the Solid Waste Management and whether there was a
Tagum City.
Practices of Davao City and Tagum City. This study answered the following
difference in the profile of the cities per capita in terms of budget, manpower,
from four Barangays in the Poblacion (central) area of Tagum city and 50
data from the Community Environment and Natural Resource Offices (CENRO)
Weighted mean, frequency and test of difference were the statistical tools
used to answer and analyze the research problems. To explore more insights on
Results of the study indicated that there was a higher budget and more
manpower per capita in Davao City compared to Tagum City. Also, there were
more policies enacted prior to RA 9003 in Davao City than Tagum City. Results
of the survey have shown that the extent of implementation of the Solid Waste
City and Tagum City. Practices in terms of the Solid Waste Management Plan
Introduction
serious issue that should be addressed for the future generations. It requires
utmost attention and cooperation from all the stakeholders to ensure that goals
for handling the garbage people dump in cities. As long as humans continue to
societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did (de
Guzman,2003).
Moreover, houses that do not have the space to bury their garbage bury
it instead on the streets. Because of this, cities started to collect garbage for
disposal. Davao city and Tagum City are two of the many cities in the country
that have adopted this system. Prior to RA 9003, or the Ecological Solid Waste
for its implementation and enforcement. Barangays and cities each have
different responsibilities. The barangays are responsible for the segregation and
other hand, the city or municipality is responsible for the collection of non-
recycling and composting at the point of origin, meaning at the grassroots and
our homes. It is important to reuse, reduce and recycle waste because there
Strategy is both an act and a science. The starting point must be the
identification of all of the relevant stakeholders. This will involve a surprising
array of clear jurisdictional authority and mandated responsibility for the waste
keep pace with the scope of the problem. While it should be a priority for
strategies and implementation of the SWM Plan between Davao City and
Background
Therefore, and for other purposes. It is a legislation that has the potential to
radically transform and improve the solid waste management sector (De Lina,
2002).
De Lina (2002) said that RA 9003 has the potential to effectively address
situation, these six functional elements are combined to form a solid waste
management system.
Waste generation
agricultural sources. The local government unit should provide for the
center.
Storage
each type of waste from all sources. The solid waste container depending on its
Collection
Article III Section 3 states that necessary training shall be given to the
collectors and personnel to ensure that the solid wastes are handled properly;
and collection of solid waste shall be done in a manner which prevents damage
to the container, and spillage or scattering of solid waste within the collection
vicinity.
Article III Section 24 states that for the transfer of solid waste the use of
required for specific types of wastes. Otherwise, vehicles used for the collection
through its Sanggunian (Council). The MRF shall be designed to receive, sort,
Disposal
Article 6 Section 37 prohibits the use of Open Dumps for Solid Waste. No
open dumps shall be established and operated, nor any practice or disposal of
solid waste by any person, including LGUs, which constitutes the use of open
dumps for solid waste, be allowed after the effectivity of the Act. After the
effectivity of this Act, every LGU shall convert its open dumps into controlled
dumps.
therefore interesting to consider how each city practice RA 9003 or the Solid
metropolitan area in the country. Davao is also the largest city in the
as of 2011. The City Mayors Foundation ranks Davao City as the 87th fastest
growing city in the world, and it has been listed by the FDI Magazine as the
Davao City’s solid waste management plan was entitled City Ordinance
Waste Management, prohibiting certain acts and for other purposes. It shall be
Policies under waste generation state that there should be a ban on non-
food and beverage containers. Collection and transport under Section 17 states
Solid Waste Management plan states that residual and special wastes shall be
tons to Jan 2011 to 431 tons in April, the latest record, which was last May,
Tagum City
Tagum is the capital city of the province of Davao del Norte, Philippines.
The city is part of the Metropolitan Davao area. According to the 2010 LGPMS
Tagum City is located 55 kilometers north of Davao City and has a total
produces various kinds of crops like coconut, rice, Cavendish banana, fruit
Tagum City’s solid waste management plan was entitled City Ordinance
the Municipality of Tagum.” It was enacted and passed on December 18, 2006.
The City Solid Waste Management Plan was created to ensure long-term solid
In Tagum City, residents must also segregate their solid waste. Then, the
that the Barangay Material Recover Facility shall serve as the facility to store,
capacity, the City's garbage collection service today is a big improvement from
1990 was burning- consistent with the national trends as well as with
comparative cities in Region X1. By year 2000, the sample region X1 cities have
improved.
Agustin since 1997. Article 3 Section 17 of RA 9003 states that Open dump
sites shall not be allowed as final disposal sites. Currently, the city is
METHODOLOGY
Method Used
This study used the comparative research method. This method is used
to discover answers to the questions who, what, when, where, and sometimes
persons guided by a facilitator, during which group members talk freely and
information on concepts and ideas of a group. The idea is that group members
discuss the topic among themselves, with guidance from the facilitator
Sources of Data
The primary data was from the survey response obtained from the
sample households. On the other hand, secondary data consisted of the solid
waste management plan of the cities of Davao and Tagum, and profile in terms
They were taken from the City ENRO of both cities and from available
resources online.
The survey questionnaires had three parts: the first part tackled the
second part discussed the resident’s awareness and practices, and the CENRO
disposal; and the third part discusses the effectiveness of the comprehensive
solid waste management plan implementation of Davao City and Tagum City.
organizational structure was conducted between the two cities under study.
For the extent of the implementation strategies of the solid waste management
Sampling technique
For the sampling design, the multi stage sampling method was used. A
multi- stage sampling is one in which sampling is done sequentially across two
area were selected from each of Davao City and Tagum City as the respondent
barangay. Then, purposive sampling was employed to get the exact number of
selected based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study.
Representative sample size from each area was determined using the random
number table. As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, these are list and number of
respondents included in the study from Davao City and Tagum City
respectively.
Permission to conduct the study was sought from the Solid Waste
Management Board of Davao City and Tagum City as well as the CENRO Office
of Davao City and Tagum City. The questionnaires were given to the individual
persons and households. The questionnaires were then retrieved from the
respondents after filling the form; this served as the primary data along with
in each city after conducting the survey. Krueger (1990) said that Focus Group
Discussion is needed to explore the meanings of survey findings that cannot be
This was attended by the Punong Barangay (Barangay Captain or village head),
Barangay Magugpo, Poblacion Tagum City last March 18, 2013. An FGD was
also conducted with the Punong Barangay and several Barangay Kagawad in
Barangay 14-B, Poblacion Davao City last March 19, 2013. An interview of
garbage collectors was done to complete the data. The gathering of data was
done within the month of March 2013. After gathering the data from the field,
the collation and analysis of data was done using the SPSS (Statistical Package
for Social Sciences, version 17).Data was then analyzed and interpreted.
Statistical Treatment
test of difference. This was used to test the significant difference between the
Davao City and Tagum City have different profiles in terms of budget,
Budget. In Davao City, City ENRO was one of the offices that have the
biggest budget. In 2012, the total budget was PhP309,042,009; this is allotted
administration.
Tagum city, on the other hand, has a total of Php P33,016,264.00 budget
for the year 2012. It has allotted budget for beautification, health and
sanitation program, monitoring and sanitation that has the biggest allocation
Davao
Manpower. There are a total of 967 personnel involved in the Solid Waste
Management Program of the City of Davao. 942 were contractual while 25 were
the total workforce. Table 6 shows the number of personnel assigned in the
contractual and 20 were for plantilla positions. Table 7 shows the number of
This means that almost 98 percent of the solid waste management workforce
and 80 percent were contractual in Davao City and Tagum city respectively.
equipment including facilities used for the solid waste management. Fifty-two
(52) out of the 57 garbage trucks are outsourced since it saves on cost and
Garbage collection
Dump trucks
-government 5 Operational
-private 52 Operational
Compactors 10 Operational
Canal Clean-up
-mighty mite 1 Operational
- backhoe 1 Operational
-vactor (big) 1 Operational
-vactor (small) 1 Under Repair
Monitoring team
-motorcycle 13 Operational
-jeep 2 Operational
-pick-up 2 Operational
Composting Facility
-shredder 3 Operational
-weighing scale 1 Operational
Sanitary Landfill 1 Operational
-WEIGH BRIDGE 1 Operational
-WASH BAY 1 Operational
-LANDFILL COMPACTOR 1 Operational
Bulldozer
Payloader 1 Under Repair
1 Operational
MRF 11 Operational
TOTAL 109
transport for its solid waste management program. There were 4 trucks and 2
Nueva Fuerza with 1 bulldozer and they have yet to construct a sanitary
Garbage collection
Dump trucks
-government 4 Operational
Compactors 2 Operational
Dumpsite 1
-1 bulldozer 1 Operational
MRF 11 Operational
Composting Facility
Shredder 1 Operational
Weighing scale 1 Operational
Monitoring
Motorcycle 1
Multicab 1
TOTAL 23
Davao City
86 1449296
Tagum City
9 242 801
Davao City
Total equipment Population
22 1449296
Tagum City
14 242 801
This section presents the difference between Davao City and Tagum City
in terms of profile such as: budget, manpower, facilities and equipment, and
organizational structure.
Budget. As reflected in Table 20, budget per capita for solid waste is 1:
P 213 pesos in Davao and 1:135 pesos in Tagum City. Davao City has more
budget per capita than Tagum city with a 78 peso difference. In a study
solid waste especially for fuel consumption and work force. Further, she said
expedite operation and will require less cost. Therefore, as discussed in the
previous parts of this research, since Tagum City is segregating at source and
Davao and 1:2428 in Tagum City. Davao City has more personnel per capita
than Tagum city with 867 difference in the number of personnel. On the other
(Shamsiry,2011). Shamsiry further said that the major portion of the budget for
and equipment per person is 1: 13,296 in Davao and 1: 10,556 in Tagum City.
This means that there are more facilities/equipment per capita in Tagum
compared to Davao.
compactors per capita for solid waste is 1: 21,613 in Davao and 1: 40,466 in
Tagum City. Davao City has more trucks and compactors per capita than
Tagum City.
Policies. Davao City and Tagum City have enacted a number of policies
Table 10. Policies Enacted by the Local Government of Davao and Tagum
Pertaining to Solid Waste Management.
Davao City Tagum City
Policy Number and Title Policy Number and Title
Ordinance No.0361-10, series of 2010 City Ordinance No. 229, series of 2006
An ordinance providing for an ecological An ordinance establishing the
solid waste management, prohibiting comprehensive solid waste management
certain acts and providing penalties for of the municipality of Tagum and
violations, and for other purposes. providing penalties for violation thereof.
Executive Order No. 41, series of 2004 City Ordinance No 689, series of 1998
An order requiring barangays in the City of An ordinance regulating the disposal by
Davao to implement a comprehensive commercial areas, residential and
barangay solid waste Management industrial area, the time of collection
Program, which highlights waste reduction and providing penalties in case of
and recovery schemes. Effective Jan 23, violation thereof
2004.
City Ordinance 044 series of 2002 Ordinance No. 216 S-1991
An ordinance known as the “Davao City An ordinance requiring owners of
Ecological Solid Waste Management Board subdivisions to keep their premises free
Ordinance of 2002”, which highlights the of waste materials in the City of Tagum.
creation of a body that is mandated to
prepare, submit and implement a plan for
the safe and sanitary management of solid
waste generated in areas under its
geographic and political coverage.
City Ordinance No 105 series of 1991
An ordinance amending Ordinance No.98,
series of 1957, otherwise known as an
ordinance penalizing acts of littering,
scattering or any careless disposal of waste
materials, refuse and other unsanitary
things in street, parks, public building and
other public areas in the City of Davao.
City Ordinance No. 194
An ordinance prohibiting amending section
3, Chapter X1X of Ordinance No.56 series
of 1948, otherwise known as the Sanitary
Ordinance of the City of Davao”
City Ordinance No.56, series of 1948
A sanitation ordinance, regulating the
disposal of human waste manure, garbage,
refuse and ashes, domestic animal and
general provision.
Source: Sangguniang Panglungsod Archival Division, Davao City and Sangguniang
Panglungsod Tagum City
Waste Management Division has three subdivisions: these are the: Pollution
management Section, Industrial waste and management section and the Solid
the one responsible for the implementation of the Solid waste management
program.
Tagum City
Organizational Structure of CENRO. The City Environment and
Natural Resources Office (CENRO) is responsible for the disposal and collection
of garbage in Tagum City. The solid waste management team is responsible for
under the office of the City Mayor. This set up is political according to an
interview with one of the CENRO staff- which results from the wide latitude of
City Government
Assistant
City Government
Dept.Head
Administration Division
] Environmental and waste
management division
Natural Resources
Operations Division
Extent of Implementation of the SWM Plan in Davao City and Tagum City
Waste Generation
As reflected in Table 12, Davao City got a moderate descriptive rank with
2.98 overall mean. Meanwhile, Tagum City got a high descriptive rank with an
overall mean of 3.57. This indicates that waste segregation was moderately
practiced in Davao city but highly practiced in Tagum City based on the
Storage
The perception of respondents between Davao and Tagum City in terms
moderate in Davao city with an overall mean of 3.22 as indicated in Table 13.
This means that practices were adequately observed and a common household
practice. Meanwhile, in Tagum City, a moderate rating was also observed with
mean for the presence of waste segregator and containers in every barangay or
Collection
The perception of respondents between Davao and Tagum City in terms of
Davao city with an overall mean of 2.99 and also moderate for the city of
Tagum with a weighted mean of 3.19 as indicated in Table 14. This means
observed.
The findings imply that in Davao city respondents were highly satisfied
for the city of Tagum with a weighted mean of 3.40 as indicated in Table 15.
This means that transfer and transport of solid waste was perceived by the
rated moderate in Davao city with an overall mean of 2.74 and also moderate
for the city of Tagum with a weighted mean of 3.40 as indicated in Table 16.
This means that processing and recovery of solid waste is adequately practiced
Satellite MRF
Purok Storage and marketing system
Needed
immediate Barangay MRF
disposal No Brgy. Storage & marketing
system
Yes
Local junk yard
Figure 4. Design Scheme and Flow of Recyclable Solid Waste Transfer Scheme A.
Final disposal
This means that practices were adequately observed. Meanwhile, in Tagum City,
a moderate rating was also observed with an overall mean of 3.05 which means
The findings imply that household practices in terms of final disposal are
important to note however that in Davao City where there are no MRFs present
in the four Barangays under study, they were not informed about the schedule
points.
the extent of implementation of the solid waste management plan in Davao city
and Tagum City. In general, the respondents perceived that the extent of
implementation of the strategies of the Solid Waste Management plan of Davao
highest rating among the practices of solid waste with a weighted mean of 3.57
which means high level of solid waste implementation. The high level of
compared to Tagum with 3.11 weighted mean- moderate; collection with 2.99
weighted mean- moderate; processing and recovery with 2.74 weighted mean
mean compared to Tagum 3.05 weighted mean- moderate. These mean that
indicators were adequately observed and were common practice for both cities.
The findings imply that both cities moderately practice solid waste
management practices except for waste management where Tagum city had a
high descriptive mean. Both moderately practice the indicators with a slightly
higher mean for Tagum in all practices except for storage where Davao city got
Test of Difference
This section presents the results of the test of difference between Davao
City and Tagum City based on the household practices of the five indicators of
management practices in Davao City and Tagum City with a t-value of 5.656.
This means that the implementation of the solid waste management practices
between the implementation of waste generation in Davao City and Tagum City
between the implementation of waste generation in Davao City and Tagum City
thus the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, we can conclude that there is a
Davao City and Tagum City with a t-value of 4.513. This means that the
Summary
A survey was conducted on the respondents from Tagum City and Davao
between the cities of Davao and Tagum in terms of: a) waste generation,
disposal.
Results of the study have shown that the Solid Waste Management
Tagum City. It means that Solid Waste Management practices were well
Solid Waste Management practices. Results of the study have shown that
implemented in Tagum City than in Davao City by the respondents from the
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
of the strategies of the Solid Waste Management Plan of Davao City was
Tagum City it was higher with an overall mean of 3.28 although still in
highest rating among the practices of solid waste with a weighted mean of 3.57
which means high level of solid waste implementation compared to the waste
storage with 3.22 compared to Tagum with 3.11 weighted mean- moderate;
collection with 2.99 weighted mean compared to Tagum with 3.19 weighted
Tagum with 3.40 weighted mean- moderate; processing and recovery with 2.74
2.76 weighted mean compared to Tagum 3.05 weighted mean- moderate. These
mean that indicators were adequately observed and were common practices for
both cities.
terms of the practices on waste generation with a t value of 5.656, transfer and
transport with a t-value of 2.671, processing and recovery with a t-value of
4.513, and disposal with 2.682. This means that practices in terms of waste
generation, transfer and transport, processing and recovery and final disposal
Recommendations
1. Tagum City can provide more budget and manpower for the implementation
practiced by the respondents, the budget and the size of manpower wholly
2. Davao City can make some improvements in terms of the Solid Waste
Management Plan.
3. Davao City ENRO and Tagum City ENRO may take the results as basis for
De Young, R., Duncan, A., Frank, J., Gill, N., Rothman, S., Shenot, J.,
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Ebreo, A., Hershey, J., and Vining, J. 1999. “Reducing solid waste:
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