Limitations

The limitation of wind power is that no electricity is produced when the wind is not blowing. Thus, it
cannot be used as a dependable source of base load power. Utilities and merchant generators will not
invest huge sums of money into a technology that does not work when the wind is not blowing.
Americans want the lights on when they flip the switch, no questions asked. Wind power will probably
increase its market share when we develop a 'smart grid' that can handle multiple distributed generation
input sources of electrical power.

Solar panels are currently not highly efficient although efficiency continues to improve with
technological advances. The efficiency can be dramatically affected by many factors, including regular,
everyday issues like the amount of shade (from trees, structures...), wind, dust, snow, angle of the
panels, amount of daylight, access to direct sunlight, solar intensity, and so on.

Energy Storage

Storage is suggested, adding extra costs. You can use the solar energy generated from your panels
directly (and even sell it to the grid, if your municipality has such a program in place) - but since the sun
doesn't shine 24 hours a day, every day, then the solar energy needs to be "stored" in batteries for later
use. Otherwise you would need to be connected to the grid as backup, or own a generator.

Amount of Energy Generated

A relatively small amount of energy is generated by solar panels. Providing 100% of the energy required
by the average home, for example, would require a vast array of solar panels. Not only is this impractical,
it's very costly. Even if you were to build your own solar panel the costs would still be a challenge for
many homeowners (a big reason why there's currently a lack of support for solar power).

Lots of Direct Sunlight Required

Access to direct sunlight is needed for solar panels to performance at their best. Often, commercial
installations of solar panels will readjust during the day to maintain an angle that provides them with
direct sunlight - best for converting into energy. However, most homeowners simply mount solar
panels in a rigid, fixed position, which means that the panels only have access to direct sunlight for a
limited amount of time each day. Solar trackers are available to automatically re-orient the panels,
however they can add significantly to the cost of the entire system.

Maintenance, Repair, and Disposal

Solar panels must be kept clean to operate at their most efficient. Keeping the panels clean and free of
dust, dirt, and debris can be a big job, depending on where your panels are placed. And while panels
often last 25 years or so, repairs can be required from time-to-time. Finally, what does one do with solar
panels and batteries that are at the end of their useful life?

A Matter of Cost
Currently, the limits of solar power appear to be many, and most eventually lead to the primary sticking
point for homeowners: cost. While most of us would like to be able to do something beneficial for the
environment, the investment costs can be daunting. However a good compromise would be to use solar
power for small applications where it's cheap to install and maintain. In the future, the efficiency of solar
cells will continue to improve and hopefully provide homeowners and businesses a viable alternative to
drawing power from the grid.

Scope

Power

Wind energy is a clean, renewable way of generating electricity (See close-up "Harnessing the Wind"). In
the future, provided costs are reined in, the primary focus will be offshore development.

Cost and Intermittence

The pros and cons of wind power are still the subject of heated debate. There are two main arguments
against wind power:

It is more expensive to produce wind-sourced electricity than electricity from conventional sources, such
as nuclear and thermal energy. This means that wind power needs to be subsidized, mainly in the form
of preferential feed-in tariffs.Wind power is intermittent because winds are unpredictable and
uncontrollable. This may result in large swings in output and even shutdowns. However, grid operators
are used to dealing with the problem ofintermittence (renewable energy) , which is also an issue with
other sources of energy, like solar. It is estimated that a large-scale grid can integrate a wind
energy penetration rate of 20% without experiencing major technical problems.

Future scope

With reduced costs and improved technologies, the solar energy ensures the reduced electricity bills,
increases countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible resources,
enhanced sustainability, reduced pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming, and keeps fossil
fuel prices lower than otherwise. It is environment friendly and any one can use it. The advantages are
global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be considered learning
investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared.

http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/113618/science/limitations_of_wind_energy.htmlhtml

http://www.solarpoweristhefuture.com/limits-of-solar-power.shtml

https://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/close/future-wind-power