Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan

Public Disclosure Authorized
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35

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Environmental Performance Report and

Management Plan
Water Supply Services Recovery Project
Maynilad Water Services Inc
October 2006
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35
Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan

R06-087
Prepared for
Maynilad Water Services Inc
Prepared by
Maunsell Philippines Inc
11/F Ayala Life - FGU Center, 6811 Ayala Avenue, Makati City, Philippines
T +632 843 6336 F +632 843 6125 www.maunsell.com
October 2006
51054406
© Maunsell Philippines Inc 2006
The information contained in this document produced by Maunsell Philippines Inc is solely for the use of the Client identified on
the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and Maunsell Philippines Inc undertakes no duty to or accepts
any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document.
All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically
stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of Maunsell Philippines Inc.

J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\1.0 Introduction.doc
Revision 0 October 2006
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Quality Information
Document Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan
Ref 51054406
Date October 2006
Prepared by MPI Environment Team
Reviewed by Rowie Garcia/Jess Bayrante
Revision History
Authorised
Revision Revision Details
Date
Name/Position Signature
Jess Bayrante
0 31/10/2006 Preliminary Issue Associate
Director,
Environment

Table of Contents
Executive Summary i
1.0 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Project Background 1-1
1.2 List of Resource Persons 1-1
1.2.1 Project Proponent 1-1
1.2.2 EPRMP Study Team 1-2
2.0 Project Description 2-1
2.1 Project Rationale 2-1
2.2 About MWSI 2-1
2.2.1 The Concession Area 2-1
2.2.2 Water Sources 2-3
2.2.3 Water Demand 2-3
2.3 Project Components and Activities 2-4
2.3.1 The rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Dam Water
Treatment Plants 2-4
2.3.2 Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution
System and Establishment of Hydraulic Areas 2-8
2.3.3 Construction of a New Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa 2-15
2.4 Project Cost 2-16
2.5 Project Schedule 2-16
3.0 Existing Environmental Conditions 3-1
3.1 Physical Environment 3-1
3.1.1 Topography 3-1
3.1.2 Geology and Structures 3-1
3.1.3 Rainfall and Temperature 3-2
3.1.4 Air Quality 3-2
3.1.5 Water Quality 3-5
3.2 Biological Environment 3-14
3.2.1 Vicinity of the La Mesa Dam 3-14
3.2.2 Vegetation Along the Distribution Network 3-20
3.2.3 Flora and Fauna in the Proposed Reservoir in the New
Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa 3-22
3.3 Socio-cultutal, Economic and Political Environment 3-26
3.3.1 Political/Institutional Set-up 3-26
3.3.2 Land Use 3-26
3.3.3 Population/Informal Settlements 3-27
3.3.4 Socio-economic Milieu/Service Levels 3-27
4.0 Environmental Performances 4-1
4.1 Environmental Compliance 4-1
4.1.1 ECC/CNC Applications 4-1
4.1.2 Environmental Monitoring Activities 4-2
4.2 MWSI Corporate Social Responsibility 4-3
4.2.1 The Bayan Tubig Program 4-3
4.2.2 Bayan Tubig Bayanohan / "Patubig ni Gloria" Project 4-4
4.2.3 Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project 4-4
4.3 Best Safety Practices 4-4
4.4 EMS 14001 Certification 4-6
4.5 Awards Received 4-7
4.6 Performance Indicators 4-8
5.0 Description of Impacts and Mitigating Measures 5-1
5.1 Rehabilitation of the Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa 5-1
5.1.1 Pre-construction/Construction Phase 5-1
5.1.2 Operational Phase 5-3
5.2 Rehabilitation of the Distribution System and Pumping Stations 5-4
5.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 5-4
5.2.2 Construction Phase 5-5
5.2.3 Operation Phase 5-9
5.3 Water Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa 5-9
5.3.1 Pre-construction Phase 5-9
5.3.2 Construction Phase 5-11
5.3.3 Operation Phase 5-14
6.0 Environmental Management Program 6-1
6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan 6-1
6.3 Social Development Plan 6-17
6.4 Emergency Response Plan 6-17
6.5 Institutional Plan 6-17
6.6 Information, Education and Communication Plan 6-17
6.7 Abandonment Plan 6-18
6.8 Environmental Monitoring Plan 6-18
7.0 References 7-1
List of Tables
ES - 1 Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Strategies

ES - 2 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan
2-1 Cities and Towns in the West Zone Service Area

2-2 MWSI Level of Services and Performance from 1997 to 2004.
2-3 Projected Water Consumption from 2010 to 2015
2-4 Existing component facilities and the proposed facilities with the 2010 and 2015
PDS Improvement Plans
2-5 Project cost per component
2-6 Project Implementation Schedule
3-1 EMB Roadside TSP Monitoring Stations in Metro Manila
3-2 Location of the Monitoring Stations for SO2 and NO2
3-3 Monitoring Equipment in the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Metro Manila
Airshed
3-4 Sampling sites for wastewater monitoring
3-5 Wastewater Quality of LP1 Discharge
3-6 Wastewater Quality of LP2 Discharge
3-7 Water Quality of La Mesa Creek Upstream of LP2 Discharge
3-8 Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP2 Discharge
3-9 Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP1 Discharge
3-10 Water Quality of Tullahan River (Commonwealth Avenue)
3-11 Analytical Methods
3-12 Water Quality Data of the Poblacion River Tributary
3-13 Tree species commonly observed in La Mesa Dam
3-14 Bird species observed in the vicinity of La Mesa Dam
3-15 List of bird species recorded in the New Bilibid Prison
3-16 Land use Categories within the MWSI Concession Area
3-17 Income Categories of Served Population
4-1 Some of MWSI projects that were issued an ECC and CNC
4-2 Performance Indicators
5-1 Attenuated Sound Pressure Levels
6-1 Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan
6-2 The Recommended Monitoring Plan
List of Figures
2-1 The concession area covers 540 km2 consisting of 10 cities and 7 municipalities
2-2 Location map of the two treatment facility in La Mesa Dam
2-3 Process Flow Diagram of the La Mesa Treatment Plan No. 1
2-4 Flow Process of Treatment Plant no.2
2-5 Age profile of existing water pipelines
2-6 Layout of the Primary Distribution System 2010
2-7 Layout of Primary Distribution System 2015
2-8 Typical Business Centre Arrangement (i.e., Quirino BC)
2-9 The existing distribution system

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Tables_Figures_Plates.Rev0.doc
2-10 The proposed distribution system
2-11 The schematic representation of a District Meter Zone (DMZ)
2-12 Location Map of the Proposed Muntinlupa Reservoir
3-1 The proposed project site with respect to the Valley Fault System (Phivolcs 1999)
3-2 Annual Geometric Mean of Roadside TSP Levels in Metro Manila, 2003-2004
(mg/Nm3)
3-3 SO2 Concentrations at the Manila Observatory Ateneo Station (2003)
3-4 NO2 Concentrations at the Manila Observatory, Ateneo Station (2003)
3-5 Location of the water quality sampling stations
3-6 Location of sampling stations (in yellow circles)
List of Plates
2-1 The water source of MWSI is Angat -Umiray- Ipo watersheds

2-2 The underground reservoir in Bagbag, similar structure will be built in the New
Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa, which will serve the South Business Area
3-1 The La Mesa Watershed. The built up area is LP1 ( LP2 is located up north of LP2
but not shown in the photo). The Ecopark is located adjacent to LP1 at the south-
south west.
3-2 Vegetation in the sludge lagoons and immediate vicinity
3-3 Little heron
3-4 Philippine serpent eagle
3-5 White eared brown dove
3-6 (a) White Collared king fisher; (b) Philippine pygmy Woodpecker
3-7 Acacia trees lined along the Coastal Road Express Way and the Daang Hari Road
in the South Business Area are common urban landscaping plant species
3-8 Vegetation along the ROW includes coconuts and bamboos
3-9 Portions of the ROW in North Fairview, Quezon City were planted with bananas and
cassava, others converted it into backyard garden
3-10 Lush shrubs and small trees are found along portion of ROW that is not yet
inhabited by informal settlers (left photo), while some portions were cleared and
erected with shanties (Right photo).
3-11 Vegetation at the South Business Area is very limited. Single shade trees are seen
along the proposed route of the primary line in Muntinlupa
3-12 The proposed location has a gently rolling terrain. Vegetation is mostly talahib and
patches of small shrubs
3-13 The concrete road delineating the southeast boundary of the proposed property.
Talahib are being planted in the vicinity of the proposed site and used as raw
material for handicrafts.
4-1 The Bayan Tubig Program delivers safe and affordable water to blighted
communities thru individual Water Service Connections
4-2 Proper signages and wearing of PPE s are observed during cutting/breaking and
pipe laying works
4-3 ’
Traffic Management (left photo) and safety patrol team doing monitoring of ongoing
works
4-4 Use of appropriate gear in doing works under confined space works (reservoir and
tunnels)

4-5 Trainings and seminars given to employees and subcontractors include Safety
Orientation, Basic Occupational Safety & Health Training and proper use of
PPE ’s, among others
4-6 The MWSI Gawad Kalikasan at Kalusugan Award
4-7 The ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certificates issued by TUV SUD to two of Maynilads
facilities

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Executive Summary
Project Description
The Water Supply Services Recovery Project has three major components, which are all designed to
improve the services of MWSI and to enhance MWSI revenues through increase in the water sales
volume by better control of non-revenue water (NRW). These are:
1. Rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Water Treatment Plants

· Improvement/maximizing the treatment plant capacity
· Improvement of the quality of the treated water
· Improvement of the operational efficiency and reliability
· Acceptable sludge management
2. Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution System and Establishment of

Hydraulic Areas
· Installation of new primary main to be located adjacent to the existing primary lines.
· Improvement of the secondary and tertiary distribution lines through zones NRW
reduction
· Measurement of hydraulic zoning
· Improvement of pumping stations
· Procurement of instrument and equipment as well as provision of trainings
3. Construction of a new reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison compound in Muntinlupa
The new reservoir will serve as storage for the new water source identified for the South
Business Center (i.e., 300 MLD from Laguna Lake). It will be an underground type of water
storage similar with the Bagbag Reservoir, which will have a capacity of 30ML and a
dimension of approximately 75m x 75m x 6m. A pump of 30 MLD capacity will also be
installed to draw water from the reservoir to the distribution lines.
EIA Process Documentation

The proposed project is covered by the requirements of the Philippine EIS System set forth under
Presidential Decree No. 1586 and DENR Administrative Order 2003-30. An EPRMP was prepared as
the documentary requirement for the project. Field visits were conducted from 6 to 7 September 2006,
while primary data collection at the proposed reservoir site in Muntinlupa was conducted on 11
October 2006. Official stakeholders consultations were also conducted on 20 September and 27
October 2006 to present the project and the EIA study, respectively. Secondary data collection was
conducted from September to October 2006. All data sources are mentioned in the Reference
Section of this Report.
The EPRMP identifies, assesses and evaluates the environmental impacts of the project for the
various development phases and recommends mitigation and enhancement strategies. An
Environmental Management Program (EMP), which includes and Impact Mitigation and Enhancement
Plan, Social Development Plan, Emergency Response Plan, Institutional Plan, Information, Education
and Communication Plan, Abandonment Plan as well as an Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP),
have been formulated to achieve compliance with DENR requirements and other environmental
regulations.

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Brief Description of the Environment

Physical Environment
Geology and Structures

The regional geology of the project sites in Metro Manila includes:
· Quaternary Alluvium - recent deposits of unconsolidated sediments of sandstone, siltstone,

claystone and conglomerates;
· Guadalupe Formation - composed of two sub-units, the pumiceous pyroclastic flow unit and
the extensive volcanic tuffaceous deposits;
· Alat Conglomerate - represented by a thin conglomerate sedimentary unit underlying the
Guadalupe Formation;
· Binangonan Limestone - composed of extensive coralline and massive limestone deposits
· Angat Formation - consisting of Gabbro and Pillow Basalts representing the upper section of
the Ophiolite sequence and serves as the basement for Metro Manila;
Three major geologic structures affect the general vicinity of Metro Manila, most important of which is
the Valley Fault System (VFS) (Daligdig et al, 1997) which traverses the Eastern Metro Manila area in
a north-south trend. The north-south trending active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) is located east of the
Metro Manila area towards the Sierra Madre Range. To the west is the Manila Trench which is actively
subducting the South China Sea Plate beneath the Luzon segment of the Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB)
(Aurelio, 2000).
In the proposed site of the new reservoir in the new Bilibid Prison Compound in Muntinlupa, the
bedrock consists mostly of tuff deposits of the Guadalupe Formation. The maximum ground
acceleration response at the project site can be categorized at 0.784 (soft soil) for an earthquake
generated by the nearby Valley Fault System (VFS). Based on the Active Faults Mapping Program of
PHIVOLCS (1999), potentially active minor faults were identified towards the east of the project site.
Water Quality
La Mesa Treatment Plants
Six monitoring stations were established to monitor the compliance of LP1 and LP2 to the Effluent
Regulations of 1990 (DAO 90-35). Two of these stations represent the discharges of each plant.
Three stations were established along the La Mesa Creek, a tributary of Tullahan River. The La Mesa
Creek is the nearest water body to the treatment plant facilities, thus the most possible impact
receptor. One station is located in Tullahan River, downstream of its confluence with La Mesa Creek.
Tullahan River was classified by DENR as Class C or waters that can be used in industrial plants after
treatment. Based on the observed best usage, the La Mesa Creek is likewise classified under Class
C.
Based on the available data from the PCO reports and from the MWSI Central Laboratory, the LP1
discharge is compliant to the Effluent Standards while the LP2 discharge exceeds TSS, COD, BOD,
and oil/grease levels. The data from the sampling points along the La Mesa Creek show that the
discharge of LP2 is affecting the TSS, BOD and oil/grease levels in the creek. This is indicated by the
increase in these levels at the mixing point of LP2 discharge with La Mesa Creek, as compared to the
levels in the control station located upstream of the mixing point. At the mixing point, the TSS, BOD,
and oil/grease levels exhibit exceedances to the DAO 90-35 Class C water standards. The very low
coliform readings in the discharge samples of both plants and the already elevated coliform levels at
the control station indicate that the plants have nil contribution to the coliform content of the creek.

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Distribution Lines
The distribution lines follow the road alignments and cross several waterways that may be impacted
during the installation of the new pipes. There is limited data on the small tributaries that would be
potentially affected thus the general current condition of the main river systems where these tributaries
drain to were assessed instead. Among the water bodies that will be affected during the
rehabilitations works include the Tullahan-Tejeros River System; Dario Creek, a tributary of the San
Juan River; several canals that lead to Manila Bay; and; water channels leading to Laguna Lake.
These creeks exhibit typical physical conditions of waterways in highly urbanized areas: voluminous
floating garbages, dark color and very slow flow of water which produce unpleasant odor. Limited
secondary raw data indicate that most of these rivers are biologically dead with DO levels measured at
0 mg/L.
Proposed Reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa City

To establish the baseline water quality conditions in the proposed new reservoir in the New Bilibid
Prison Compound in Muntinlupa City, water sampling was conducted on 11 October 2006 along a
tributary of the Poblacion River. Two stations were established in the portions of a creek will be
potentially impacted during the construction of the proposed reservoir. Based on the DAO 90-34, this
creek is categorized under Class C.
Results of laboratory and in situ analyses show that levels of pH, DO and BOD are within the
prescribed limits of DAO 90-35. Phosphates and coliform levels are however elevated exceed the
respective prescribed criterion. Temperature and TSS are reflective of normal background levels.
Ambient Air Quality

The DENR-EMB monitors the Metro Manila Airshed, utilizing 12 sampling stations for TSP and 10
stations for monitoring real time concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2.
Based on annual average levels in 2003, only the Ateneo Katipunan Station complied with the NAAQ
standard for long term exposure. The annual average levels in 2004 however showed that all the
monitoring stations exceed the maximum allowable limits. The EDSA-Congressional Avenue
monitoring station registered the highest levels at 275 µg/Nm 3, three times more than the guideline
value.
Annual mean concentrations of SO 2 recorded in 2003 and from June to December 2004 show that
levels in the EMB monitoring stations were within the allowable limit. Likewise, NO2 concentrations in
2003 did not exceed the 24-hour NAAQ standard guideline.
Biological Environment
Terrestrial Vegetation and Wildlife
La Mesa Water Treatment Plants

The La Mesa watershed covers a total area of 2,700 hectares: 1,900 ha of forested land, 700 ha
covered by the La Mesa Reservoir, about 33 ha of the La Mesa Ecopark and 32 ha occupied by the La
Mesa Water Treatment Plants. The forest cover of the La Mesa Ecopark has been enhanced by
numerous tree-planting activities of various organizations. Among the flora species that are commonly
found in the area include: acacia, ipil-ipil, G. Melina, mahogany, narra, neem and raintree.
Grasses dominate a considerable area of the sludge lagoons. Small acacia and ipil-ipil trees grow
along the berm.

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Numerous avian species inhabit the vicinity of the treatment plants. Bird watching groups frequently
visit the park. One group recorded 45 bird species that represent 27 families. In terms of ecological
status and distribution, the observed species ranged from common to fairly common and endemic to
migrant, respectively.
Vegetation along the Distribution Network

Metro Manila is a heavily built-up and densely populated urban metropolis. Vegetation along the
pipeline network is composed of trees that were planted as part of urban landscaping. Along the road
right of way (ROW) of the primary lines that stretches in the Northern Business Center, common
vegetation are bamboos, tree shades, patches of bananas, shrubs and grasses.
Proposed Reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison Compound

The proposed site for the reservoir in the New Bilibid Compound is mainly covered by grasses
(talahib). Secondary data show that the avian fauna observed in the area range from common
endemic to uncommon migrant. Most are common to fairly common and are typical inhabitants of
grasslands.
Socio-Economic, Cultural and Political Environment
Political/Institutional Set-Up
1. The Project area is characterized by the following conditions:
· Web of administrative, political and local institutions
· Land-use / intrusions into ROW (right-of-way) spaces
· Expansion of population and “informal settlements”
· Service levels
2. The web of institutions includes several layers of general-purpose local governments and their
constitutuent barangays, specialized governments (MMDA, LLDA), subdivision owners ’,
homeowners’associations, uban poor associations, and squatting syndicates. The last four
could constitute obstacles to the implementation of the project by raising issues of ownerships
and property rights.
3. Over the years, there have been unauthorized intrusions to MWSS ROW spaces. There could
be issues of compensation involved if relocation is undertaken and disruption to livelihoods
occurs.
4. Service levels are generally low and unsatisfactory. Low service levels are manifested in low
water pressure, inadequate or no service coverage, short rationing hours, high cost of buying
water from water vendors.
Land-Use
The land use in the MWSI concessionaire area is comprised of six categories, namely: residential (48
%), commercial (10%), industrial (10%), institutional (5%), opens spaces (16%) and others
(unclassified usages) (13%). These land use encompass approximately 63, 839 ha.
A general observation of land use plans is the absence of explicit provision restricting any
development on ROW. This usually results to continued occupation and encroachment of
semipermanent to permanent structures in these spaces.

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Demography
Demographic data from 1995 to 2000 tend to confirm that population growth in the traditionally dense
localities Manila, Makati, Pasay, Malabon and Muntinlupa cities appear to have peaked. Positive
growth is still observed in the north and south edges (Paranaque and Valenzuela, respectively, and
Cavite municipalities/city) as a result of migration from within and outside the metropolis.
In 20 years, population in the concession area is envisioned to expand to 9.5 million from a base of
7.8 million. Field observation suggested that “informal settlements”, as in the case of the Tala area,
are relatively new, some as recent as 20 or less years. Migrants from the provinces who invested on
and built dwelling units of semi-permanent and permanent materials inhabit these settlements.
Because the lands of these settlements are being claimed or contested, there is an apprehension to
provide poor communities with more permanent infrastructure like water pipelines.
Environmental Performance
The MWSI is committed to comply with all government regulations and requirements. A number of
ECCs and CNCs were issued to MWSI for various projects and MWSI has been compliant to all the
conditionalities. Water quality of the raw and treated water for compliance with the PNSDW is
regularly monitored. The wastewaters of LP1 and LP 2 and La Mesa Creek are being monitored to
comply with DAO 90-35 and DAO 90-34, respectively. Relative to the appropriate criterion, the LP2
discharge exhibits exceedances in most of the monitored parameters. The LP2 discharge affects the
water quality of La Mesa Creek as shown but this is expected to be mitigated by the rehabilitation of
the sludge lagoons in LP1.
The major corporate social responsibility (CSR) program of MWSI is extending water services to poor
communities. The Bayan Tubig Project and the Bayan Tubig Bayanihan / “Patubig ni Gloria”Project
are among the programs implemented by MWSI for this purpose.
Maynilad Water is committed to excellence and leadership in the protection of the environment and in
the promotion of health and safety in the workplace. Their safety program includes the development
of standards/protocols in the workplace, foremost consideration of project, site and traffic safety, strict
imposition of penalties on violators and conduct of trainings and seminars for contractors. To further
encourage both employees and contractors to observe safety at all times Maynilad sponsors the
MWSI GAWAD KALIGTASAN AT KALUSUGAN Award to recognize outstanding achievements by
Operating Units, Projects, or Individuals in promoting safety and health of workers and the workplace.
MWSI has newly accredited two of its Operations and Maintenance Department of Water Treatment
Plants in La Mesa to ISO 9001 and the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Facility to ISO
9001 and 14001.
Several awards were given to MWSI in recognition for its initiative to extend its CSR into quality
environmental performance. Among the programs which earned MWSI recognition are projects on
conversion of septage and biosolids into cheaper alternative fertilizers; provision of water in depressed
areas and safety practices
Environmental Management Program

MWSI is committed to implement an Environmental Management Program (EMP) not only to comply
with government regulations but also to abide by the company’ s Quality, Environment, Safety and
Health Policy to continuously improve on the quality, reliability, cost effectiveness and environmental
suitability of their operations and services.

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The EMP includes impact mitigation for negative effects and an enhancement plan for all the
beneficial effects of each project phase i.e. pre-construction, construction and operations/
maintenance (Table ES-1). Most of the commitments will be implemented by MWSI and/or will be
required of their contractors with MWSI stringently monitoring the contractor ’s compliance.
The projects’ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program constitutes the project’s Social
Development Plan. The CSR/SDP Program is implemented on a continuing/ ’ roll over”basis. The
Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is contained in the (EMS) Code.
MWSI has currently developed the following operational procedures in meeting its vision as the top
utility firm in providing water services:
· Environmental Management and Safety Code
· Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
· Complaints Management - Easy and user friendly medium through SMS Messaging
and Hotline
In addition, MWSI/MWSS and its sub-contractors will coordinate with relevant agencies in procuring
the necessary permits to implement the project at various stages ( i.e., pre-construction, construction,
operation).
A stakeholder-focused and community based Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

campaign will be undertaken in all phases of the project. At the pre-construction phase, the focus of
IEC will be on clarifying the issues and describing the nature, features and character of the project to
allow stakeholders to make an informed decision and opinion about the project that may arise from
misinformation or disinformation. At the construction stage, the focus of the IEC is to advise residents
and businesses as well as other stakeholders like LGUs of the schedule of the diggings and other
related activities. During the operation stage, the IEC program’ s thrust will be on advising people and
business establishments on how to enhance the benefits that will result with improved service levels.
Regular maintenance of the distribution network and all support facilities will be carried out. All
equipment reaching their lifespan will be replaced and disposed of properly. An Abandonment Plan
will be formulated a year before implementation of the Plan in the unlikely event of decommissioning.
This is further subject to consultation and coordination with affected stakeholders.
MWSI will continue to undertake environmental monitoring in coordination with the appropriate
government institutions, together with the stakeholders. Table ES-2 summarizes the recommended
Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP).

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Table ES-1. Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Strategies
Environmental Component Project Phase

Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment
Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation
Component 1: Rehabilitation of La Mesa Water Treatment Plants
Water Quality/Sedimentation Excavation Provision of Improvement Proper Water service
expose soils to drainage canals of water maintenance is a basic
erosion and to facilitate quality of the ash human need
sedimentation. proper runoff lagoons such that
flow. regular
Equipment maintenance of
maintenance the distribution
Possible oil and network and all
works will be
lubricants the support
concentrated in a
spillage facilities will be
perimeter bunded
area to contain carried out.
oil/grease All equipment
Wastewater Increased MWSI is reaching their
water committed to lifespan will be
production will provide replaced and
increase sewer system disposed of
water usage, to its properly.
thus will concession
generate area. In the unlikely
more Sewerage event of
wastewater system are abandonment,
under their an
pipeline Abandonment
projects Plan will be
Air Quality and Noise Increased SO2 Provision of prepared a
and NOx mufflers; housing year before
emission due to of genset, implementation
heavy vehicle maintenance of of the Plan,
movement vegetation buffer subject to

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consultation
and
coordination
with affected
stakeholders.
Vegetation and Wildlife Clearing of Clearing activities
vegetation will will be confined in
affect site s the project area.
’
biodiversity. Vegetation is
Wildlife and other sparse, thus will
small organisms not result to
will be disturb significant loss of
biodiversity or
reduction of
carbon sink/
sequestration
Occupational health and safety Unstable portions Prior to any
of lagoons pose excavation,
large equipment stability,
and workers to composition and
physical and depth of the
chemical risks sludge will be
assessed to
determine
appropriate de-
sludging
technique
Socio-economic and Cultural Rehabilitation of Phasing of Increase in IEC on
Aspects the plant may rehabilitation water household
interrupt water works production, water
supply. Timely and longer supply management
proper IEC window and

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Coordination with conservation
LGU ’s on
possible rationing
of water supply
Component 2: Rehabilitation of the Distribution System
Water Quality/Sedimentation Erosion/Siltation Provision on
Construction
and Safety
Spillage of oil
Guidelines
and degreasers
under MWSI
Environment
and Safety
Guidelines will
be followed and
form part of the
subcontractor s
’
contract
Solid wastes Generation of Proper waste Generation of Excavation will
solid wastes disposal construction be done by
recycling/reuse wastes/ phase such that
and good excavated soil before any
housekeeping section is
excavated, the
unearthed
section have
been properly
backfilled. The
excavated soil
will also be re-
used as backfill
material
Sewage Generation of Temporary

Revision 0 October 2006 Page ix
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35

sewage from toilets/portalets
construction will be provided
workers
Air Quality and Noise Increased TSP Watering of
and noise levels TSP, equipment
will be regularly
maintained.
Noise
generating
activities will be
limited to
daytime. EMS
code will be
observed.
Odor control
Generation of system will be
foul odor used as
practicable.
Traffic Traffic Permits related
congestion to excavation
will be secured.
A traffic
management
plan will also be
prepared.
Vegetation and Wildlife Clearing of Social preparation
vegetation activities will
include proper
coordination to
those who have
interests along the
ROW (i.e.,

Revision 0 October 2006 Page x
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35

backyard gardens)
Occupational Health and Safety Risk of accident Implementation
to workers and of the MWSI
pedestrian EMS Code
Handling of No AC pipelines
asbestos pipes will be installed
pose health for this project.
hazards Provisions of the
DAO 2000-02
(Chemical Order
for Asbestos)
will be strictly
implemented.
Disposal will be
coordinated to
proper
authorities
Socio-economic and Cultural “Fear of the IEC, Acquisition of Disruption to IEC Clean, Regular
Aspects unknown / clearance/permits daily routine of In the likely affordable, monitoring
”
Uncertainty residents and event of regular water condition of
business relocation, a supply pipelines;
establishments relocation flat rate for
protocol is in low income
Longer supply
place that sets communities
Unsightly views; window
streetscape out procedures
temporarily and processes Regular
with respect to Less NRW
marred; monitoring
compensation of condition
Disruption to
and the physical Water pressure of pipelines
LGU’s project
transfer of will be
schedule
affected persons improved
and families IEC on
Significant

Revision 0 October 2006 Page xi
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35

Possible Best effort at savings in sanitation
displacement of local hiring water
informal settlers expenses
Local job Savings in time

opportunities and effort of
women, youth,
senior citizens
and other
household
members in
fetching water
Archaeology Discovery of Implement
archaeological protocol (PD
finds/historical 374)
sites/markers
Component 3: Construction of a new reservoir
Geology and Geotechnical Issue Possible bearing Survey will be
failure in conducted to
geologically weak determine
areas suitable route for
trucks and
vehicles
Water Quality/Sedimentation Spillage of oil Provision of bund Spillage of oil Maintenance Generation of Provision of
and degreasers canals with oil and grease works will be solid waste and basic
traps for collection conducted in waste water facilities
of used oils; Good perimeter
Rig workers will Excavation can
housekeeping; bunded areas
generate solid result to elevated
Implementation of
waste that may TSS
EMS Code
affect Proper hauling,
waterways storage and

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compaction of
excavated soils
in the
designated
areas
Solid wastes and waste water Solid wastes and Strict
wastewater will observance of
be generated by good and
workers responsible
housekeeping
practices
Air Quality and Noise Drill rig engines Proper Increase Regular
generate maintenance of emission gases maintenance
exhaust engines/housing and TSP check of
emission and vehicles
noise Duct producing
haul roads and
slopes will be
sprinkled with
water if
practicable;
Activities will be
limited to
daytime
Vegetation and Wildlife Clearing of Activities will be Movement of Activities will be
vegetation will confined in the more workers confined in the
affect resident project site and equipment project site
wildlife will affect wildlife
Occupational Health and Safety Workers are Workers will be
exposed to advised to limit
security risk their activities
within the

Revision 0 October 2006 Page xiii
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35

project
parameter
Socio-economic and Cultural Fear of the IEC on impact; Local job Best effort at Clean, Regular
Aspects unknown/ Acquisition of opportunities local hiring affordable, monitoring
Uncertainty Permits regular water condition of
Mobilization of supply pipelines;
Landscape Install visual
claimant s flat rate for
’ temporarily screen
/squatter low income
marred Longer supply
syndicates communities
window
Zoning
Non conforming
Regular
land use Less NRW
monitoring
of condition
Water pressure of pipelines
will be
improved
IEC on
sanitation
Significant
savings in
water
expenses
Archaeology Chance find of Implement Chance find of Implement
archaeological Protocol (PD 374) archaeological Protocol (PD
items items 374)
Public Health Less incidence Regular
of water borne monitoring
diseases of pipeline
conditions;
IEC on
sanitatation

Revision 0 October 2006 Page xiv
DRAFT 31/10/2006 11:35
Table 1. Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan
Parameters Project Location Frequency Estimated Cost Guarantees

Phase
Water Quality at the sludge lagoon All project La Mesa Creek - Monthly Php 50,000.00 per Compliance to DAO 90-
outlets and La Mesa Creek phases upstream and month 34 and DAO 90-35
(particularly TSS, oil/grease and downstream of the
other relevant parameters discharge points of the
prescribed by DAO 90-34 and 35) two Water Treatment
Facilities; Discharge
Points
Water Quality at the distribution All project 700 sampling station Monthly Compliance to PNSDW
networks phases strategically scattered
(for parameters prescribed by the around the concession
PNSDW) area
Compliance to the Traffic Construction All major thoroughfares Weekly Part of the project cost Agreement between
Management Plan Stage - Affected MWSI/Subcontractor
Rehabilitation and concerned LGU
of the
Distribution
Lines

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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Background
The Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI) provides water service to the west zone of Metro Manila. It
is committed to provide continuous water supply that is compliant with drinking water standards, as
well as provide new water connections to future clients within its concession area.
MWSI is proposing a 10-year development plan (2006 to 2015) designed to improve its services and
fulfil its commitment. The proposed Water Supply Services Recovery Project will include three
components; namely, the rehabilitation and reconfiguration of the primary distribution system,
rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Dam Water Treatment Plants and the construction of a new
reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa.
The specific objectives of the development plan are:

· To increase revenue through reductions in commercial non- revenue water (NRW);
· To increase revenue by selling to new customers, water saved through reduction of physical
NRW;
· To improve the reliability and the efficiency of primary distribution system consisting of pipe
mains, pumping stations and storage reservoir; and
· To improve operations with the provision of equipment, instruments and appropriate training.
The 10-year development plan project requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and
an Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP), to support the application for
an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) with the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR). Maunsell Philippines Inc, was commissioned by MWSI to conduct the EIA study
and prepare the EPRMP.
1.2 Name and Address of Proponent
Maynilad Water Services, Inc.

G/F Engineering Building, MWSS Compund
Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City
Telephone: 928 1454
Fax: 920 5408
Email: frankie.arellano@mayniladwater.com.ph
Contact Person:
Mr. Francisco Arellano
Senior Assistant Vice-President
Quality Assurance Planning and Environment, Safety and Health Management Group

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1.3 EPRMP Information

1.3.1 EPRMP Preparer
Maunsell Philippines Inc.

11/F Ayala Life FGU Center
6811 Ayala Avenue
Makati City
Telephone: 846 6336
Fax: 843 6125
Email: jess.bayrante@maunsell.com
Study Team
Jess Bayrante Project Director
Leah Bufi Project Manager
Mike Carlos Principal Environmental Scientist
Naniel Aragones Principal Environmental Scientist
Aries Milay Senior Environmental Scientist
Rene Cruz Civil Engineer
Willy Palarca Socio-econ / Stakeholder Consultation Specialist
Xsa Cabria Water Quality Specialist
Kathleen Cruz Environmental Scientist
Abba Grace Sanchez Graduate Environmental Scientist
Jo Rowena Garcia Peer Reviewer
1.3.2 EIA Approach and Methodology
Consistent with DAO 2003-30 and the Scoping Report (Annex 1-1) an EPRMP was prepared as the
documentary requirement for the project. Field visits were conducted from 6 to 7 September 2006,
while primary data collection at the proposed reservoir site in Muntinlupa was conducted on 11
October 2006. Official stakeholders consultations were also conducted on 20 September and 27
October 2006 to present the project and the EIA study, respectively. Secondary data collection was
conducted from September to October 2006. All data sources are mentioned at the Reference
Section of this Report.
All phases of the three project components were considered and evaluated in the impact identification
and assessment section. Mitigation and enhancement strategies are recommended to address the
impacts.
An Environmental Management Program (EMP), which includes an Environmental Monitoring Plan

(EMoP), was formulated to achieve the proponent’s compliance with DENR requirements and other
environmental regulations.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
2.0 Project Description

2.1 Project Rationale
At present, non-revenue water (NRW) is about 69% of the total water produced (2,400 MLD) by MWSI
through their Water Treatment Facilities in La Mesa. Non-Revenue Water is the mathematical
difference between the system input volume and the billed authorized consumption. NRW can either
be physical losses (i.e., leaks); commercial losses (i.e., unbilled water due to illegal connections,
pilferage and meter registration errors); or unbilled authorized consumption (i.e., used by fire trucks;
but usually a minor component of the water balance).
To better understand and control the NRW, the proposed 10-year development plan is crucial. Built in
the 1880’s and upgraded in 1980, the current network of secondary and tertiary pipes is a complex
interconnection with inadequate flow controls and meters, which make it difficult to monitor and
understand the flows of water. For MWSI to be economically viable, the NRW must be reduced. The
project is envisioned to reduce NRW, improve the level of water services in its concession area and
ultimately increase revenues.
2.2 About MWSI

2.2.1 The Concession Area
The MWSI concession area covers a total of 540 km2 consisting of nine cities and two municipalities in
Metro Manila and one city and five municipalities in the province of Cavite (Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1).
Table 2-1. Cities and Towns in the West Zone Service Area
National Capital Region Cavite Province

Caloocan City Bacoor Municipality
Las Pinas City Cavite City
Malabon City Imus Municipality
Makati City (13% in West zone) Kawit Municipality
Manila City (89%) Noveleta Municipality
Muntinlupa City Rosario Municipality
Navotas City
Paranaque City
Pasay City
Quezon City (58% in West Zone)
Valenzuela City

J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\2.0 Project Description.doc
DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Manila Bay
Map Not to scale
Figure 2-1. The concession area covers 540 km2 consisting of 10 cities and 7 municipalities
In 2004, the service area population of MWSI is 5.09 M and about 70% is being served. Table 2-2
summarizes the population served by MWSI, water demand and the NRW from 1997 to 2004.
Table 2-2. MWSI Level of Services and Performance from 1997 to 2004.
Year Service Area Water Served Water Volumes (MLD) NRW

Population (Million) Population Production Sales
1997 4.38 65.8% 1,864.3 669.80 64.1%
1998 4.31 64.7% 1,511.9 593.40 60.8%
1999 4.77 70.4% 2,177.1 715.10 67.2%
2000 5.26 76.1% 2,250.8 777.70 65.5%
2001 5.54 78.7% 2,417.4 816.00 67.0%
2002 5.5 77.6% 2,363.8 740.80 68.7%
2003 4.96 68.9% 2,313.4 716.70 69.0%
2004 5.09 69.9% 2,275.8 707.70 69.0%

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
From 1997 to 2004, the while population served increased, the level of NRW also increased. The
rehabilitation plan of MWSI targets reduction of NRW from about 69.0% in 2004 to 35% in 2015 or
about 3% per year in the next 10 years.
2.2.2 Water Sources
At present, the main water supply sources for the MWSS service areas ares the Angat -Umiray-Ipo
watersheds (Plate 2-1). About 4,500 MLD is sourced from this watershed. This splits in the
Novaliches Portal; 40% goes to the Balara Treatment Plant 2 of Manila Water Corporation, Inc.
(MWCI) while 60% is utilized by MWSI. This supply is augmented by deep wells in fringe areas,
although water quality continues to decline as a result of salinity intrusion from continuous extraction.
Plate 2-1. The water sources of MWSI are the Angat -Umiray- Ipo watersheds
2.2.3 Water Demand
About 67% to 93% increase in water demand is projected for 2015 (Feasibility Study, 2006). Water
demand projections under the MWSI service area were estimated taking into account population
growth, proposed unit consumptions, adjusted service coverage targets as well as large commercial
and industrial water consumers.
From the demand projections, two consumption scenarios were established, i.e., restricted and
nonrestricted. The restricted consumption considers the current low consumption due to restrictions
on demand caused by the inadequate service (i.e., low pressure, rationed supply, etc.), while the
nonrestricted consumption assumes a 24-hour water supply and sufficient pressure at 7 psi. Table
2-3 shows the restricted and unrestricted total consumption estimates from 2005 to 2015.
Table 2-3. Projected Water Consumption from 2010 to 2015
Restricted Consumption (MLD) Unrestricted Consumption (MLD)

City/Municipality 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015
Manila City 349.5 420.9 499.4 349.5 453.5 559.2
Quezon City 238.0 289.0 343.5 238.0 320.4 405.1
Makati City 17.2 19.9 22.4 17.2 22.0 26.2
Pasay City 68.3 82.1 96.9 68.3 89.4 110.7
Caloocan City 121.9 199.8 234 121.9 220.2 273.0

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Las Pinas City 28.4 76.9 108 28.4 85.3 127.8

Malabon City 51.2 61.1 70.7 51.2 67.4 82.6
Muntinlupa City 19.5 47.3 69.1 19.5 52.5 81.5
Navotas City 34.3 49.1 56.9 34.3 54.1 66.2
Paranaque City 74.7 96.5 115.5 74.7 105.9 133.7
Valenzuela City 50.2 79.3 94.6 50.2 87.9 111.4
Cavite City 11.2 12.8 14.4 11.2 14.3 17.1
Bacoor 12.4 28.4 48.9 12.4 31.5 57.7
Municipality
Imus Municipality 2.6 8.5 17.0 2.6 9.3 19.9
Kawit Municipality 6.2 8.4 10.7 6.2 9.3 12.8
Noveleta 1.6 3.3 5.6 1.6 3.7 6.7
Municipality
Rosario 2.8 6.1 10.2 2.8 6.7 12.1
Municipality
1,090.2 1,489.4 1,818.0 1,090.2 1,633.4 2,103.8
2.3 Project Components and Activities
The proposed Water Supply Services Recovery Project has three major components, which are all
geared towards the improvement of MWSI services. The upgrade of the services in the concession
area through rehabilitation and restructuring of the distribution network and ancillary facilities will lead
to better control of NRW; thus enhance MWSI revenues through increase in the water sales volume.
The three project components are:

1. Rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Water Treatment Plants
2. Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of the Primary Distribution System and Establishment of
Hydraulic Areas
3. Construction of a new reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison compound in Muntinlupa
2.3.1 The Rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Dam Water Treatment Plants
Existing Treatment Facilities

MWSI utilises two water treatment plants in La Mesa Dam, Treatment Plant No. 1 (LP1) and
Treatment Plant 2 (LP2). LP1 covers an area of approximately 20 hectares and includes four cells of
sludge lagoon that cumulatively cover an area of approximately 5 hectares, located to the southwest
of the plant facility. LP2 is approximately 6 hectares wide and is located north of LP1 (Figure 2-2).
Although both plants are situated near the La Mesa Reservoir, these derive raw water from Ipo Dam
through the Novaliches Portal.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Figure 2-2. Location map of the two treatment facilities in La Mesa Dam
LP1 has a design capacity of 1,500 MLD and peak throughput of 1,650 MLD. It uses a standard
flocculation-settlement-rapid gravity filter technique with no automation. It started operating in 1982.
Minimal rehabilitation has been undertaken since it was constructed. The treatment process involves
coagulation and flocculation of suspended matter using Aluminum Sulphate and Polyelectrolyte,
clarification by the removal of solids in horizontal flow settlement tanks and high-rate rapid gravity
sand filters. Figure 2-3 illustrates the flow process.
LP1 sufficiently complies with the PNSDW (Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water) criteria.
However, during extreme rainfall events (e.g., during typhoons), it experiences difficulty in addressing
high turbidity and complying with the criteria.
LP2 has a smaller design capacity at 900 MLD with a peak capacity of 990 MLD. It is a pulsator filter
operating with pneumatic systems and electro-mechanical equipment. As shown in Figure 2-4, the
treatment process follows this sequence: coagulation, flocculation, clarification and filtration.
Coagulation is initiated by applying alum to the raw water. Polyelectrolyte is subsequently added to
set off flocculation. In a pulsator type of treatment plant, the sludge is kept in suspension and acts as a
blanket that filters out fine particles. Although fine particles still escape during the clarification stage,
these are removed during filtration, the last stage of the treatment process. Backwashing is conducted
every 48 hours of operation to prevent complete clogging of the filters.
LP2 produces water of good quality and complies with the PNSDW standards throughout the year
including days when the raw water turbidity is very high.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
LA MESA TREATMENT PLANT No. 1

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM
Aluminum
Sulfate Polymer
Raw Water from
LP-1 Pre-chlorination
Potassium
Permanganate
Intermediate
To Bagbag Reservoir
Post Chlorination
Figure 2-3. Process Flow Diagram of the La Mesa Treatment Plan No. 1
LA MESA TREATMENT PLANT No. 2

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM
Pre-chlorination
Raw water from
LP-2 Open canal Aluminum Sulfate Polymer
(Portal) Caustic Soda
Proposed Potassium
Permanganate Application
(300 m. away from the plant)
Claustic Soda
(if necessary)
Effluent
Post Chlorination
Figure 2-4. Flow Process of Treatment Plant No. 2

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Proposed Rehabilitation
The proposed rehabilitation works would mainly address the following:

· Improvement/maximizing the treatment plant capacity
· Improvement of the quality of the treated water
· Improvement of the operational efficiency and reliability
· Acceptable sludge management
For LP1, rehabilitation will be geared towards increasing the production capacity from 1,500 MLD to
1,800 MLD by upgrading the clarifiers and refurbishing the filters. The upgrading of the clarifiers could
either be by installing of sludge scrapers and Lamella plates or, by installing Lamella only but with
increased frequency of manual cleaning of the clarifiers. The refurbishment of the filters would require
the repair of the penstocks, replacement of filter media and repair of the level sensors and other filter
controls. The highest level of rehabilitation is the automation of the operation by providing
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) to control individual equipment, including data acquisition. As
there is no opportunity to increase the capacity or improve on the performance of LP2, no major
rehabilitation is required. However, proper maintenance is still required to ensure that all equipment
are operating in accordance with the design.
The rehabilitation of the two water treatment plants will also focus on the improvement of the sludge
management system. Sludge is generated in the clarification and filtration stages. In LP1, the sludge
is directed to four sludge lagoons. To date, these lagoons are full as de-sludging has never been
conducted since operations commenced in 1982. Any overflow from these lagoons directly flows to
the La Mesa Creek. LP2 has an automated system and the clarifiers generate less sludge than LP1.
The original plan was to direct the sludge from LP2 to the nearest sludge lagoon of LP1. However,
this did not materialize as the sludge lagoon is more elevated than LP2 as the sludge may backflow
from the lagoons to LP2. Thus, the discharge from LP2 is directed to the La Mesa Creek.
The improvement of the sludge management system greatly requires dredging of the accumulated
sludge in the existing lagoons.
The following options for managing the existing sludge may be considered:
· Disposal in a landfill
· Land application in lahar areas
· Usage as cement/concrete admixture
· Usage as backfill material
To manage the newly generated sludge, the following options may be taken:
· Sludge volume reduction by separating the filter backwash sludge from the clarifier sludge
and by construction of a sludge drying bed to decrease the supernatant
· Sequential filling of the lagoons
· Constructing a sludge pumping chamber at the end of the LP2 sludge drain line to pump the
sludge to the lagoons in LP1

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
2.3.2 Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution System and

Establishment of Hydraulic Areas
The Existing Distribution System
Pipelines
Fifty percent of the 4,100 km pipe network is more than 50 years old, while the rest was installed in the
1980 ’ s as part of the improvement during the construction of the La Mesa Treatment Plant and the
associated Rehab 1 and Rehab 2 projects of MWSS (Figure 2-5). About 50% are PVC pipes with CI
(cast iron) and AC (asbestos cement) as the main materials except for the primary mains which are
predominantly steel. The pipelines are characterized as:
· Primary Distribution System (PDS) - Diameter is from 350 mm or more. It should have no
direct service connections. This represents around 9% of the total length of the main system.
· Secondary Distribution System (SDS) -Diameter is between 150 mm to 300 mm. Distributes
water from the primary system to localities, service connections are made to these lines
although in an ideal system, this should not occur. About 13% of the distribution system fits
this category.
· Tertiary Distribution System (TDS) - Diameter is from100 mm and below delivering water to
customer supplies. About 78% is composed of these small mains.
Figure 2-5. Age profile of existing water pipelines
Pressure in the system is below the required (7 psi), wherein contamination of the system is possible.
Information on the pipe conditions is limited as well. As mentioned in the preceding section, the
interconnections of secondary and tertiary pipes are complicated, making monitoring difficult.
Pumps , Storage and Pump Stations

Water from the La Mesa Treatment Plants is fed to the distribution system through gravity. For the
North and South areas, these are fed through storage and/ or booster pumps.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
There are 17 existing pump stations, 10 of which are operational. The pump stations are operated
manually and on schedules. There are 15 existing storage areas, 11 are fed through gravity while
four are fed through a pump system. Of the 11 gravity system reservoirs, seven are operational and
the rest are non-operational. Only two of the pump system reservoirs are operational.
Measurement and Control

For flow and pressure measurements, MWSI emplaced gauging points, meters and isolation valves in
strategic locations. There are 61 gauging points where regular readings are made, 116 meters and 51
isolation valves that enable flow control in the system. By 2007, MWSI is committed to install a total of
61 gauging points, 154 district meters and 77 isolation valves.
Proposed Rehabilitation
The second project component entails the following improvement:
· Installation of new primary main to be located adjacent to the existing primary lines. ·
Improvement of the secondary and tertiary distribution lines
· Measurement of hydraulic zoning
· Improvement of humping Stations
· Procurement of instruments and equipment, as well as provision of trainings
Pipelines
The proposed Primary Distribution System (PDS) that serves as the backbone of the water supply
system was built using an Epanet network model for 2005 (PDNHM-2005). This was expanded into
the Primary Distribution Network Hydraulic model for 2015 (PDNHM-15). The model aims to develop
PDS options; hydraulic modelling and conduct water demand projections and allocation of nodal
demands.
Result of the modelling exercise provided one valid option for MWSI (4MDDb) out of the five preferred
PDS development options presented. Table 2-4 presents the component facilities of the 2010 and
2015 PDS Improvement Plans based on the Model/Option 4MDDb. Figures 2-6 and 2-7 show the
proposed configuration of the primary lines for 2010 and 2015, respectively.
Table 2-4. Existing component facilities and the proposed facilities with the 2010 and 2015 PDS Improvement Plans
PUMPING STATION
Existing Capacity
Pump Station (MLD x M) Total Capacity (MLD x M)
2005 2010 2015
North A 104 x 63 No upgrade 320 x 69
North B 252 x 19 No upgrade No upgrade
North C 207 x 49 228 x 49 No upgrade
Commonwealth - 140 x 52.5 12 x 24
Algeciras BP 102 x 30 115 x 46 No upgrade
Algeciras SP 113 x 45.7 49 x 42 No upgrade
Ermita SP 34 x 29 201 x 36 No upgrade
Ermita BP 68 x 24 60 x 52.5 No upgrade
Espiritu SP 90 x 45.7 216 x 47.25 No upgrade
Espiritu BP No upgrade No upgrade

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Pasay BP-A 34.8 x 40 No upgrade 30 x 19.5

Pasay SP-A 23.4 x 45 270 x 52.5 30 x 19.5
Pasay BP-B 18 x 20 80 x 56.25 No upgrade
Pasay SP-B - No upgrade No upgrade
EDSA Roosevelt - - -
Imus - - 4 x 10
Imus Bacoor - - 22 x 9
Muntinlupa BP1 - - 21 x 49.5
Muntinlupa BP2 - - 12 x 45
Villamor 34 x 30 No upgrade -
RESERVOIRS
Existing Volume Required Reservoir (Volume) ML Remarks
Reservoir (ML) Year 2010 Yr 2015
La Mesa 56 56 56 Use existing
Bagbag 200 200 200 Use Existing
Sacred Heart 12 10 10 Use existing
Binuksuk 30 30 30 Use existing
Algeciras 38 38 38 Use existing
Pasay 19 19 19 Use existing
Ermita 19 19 19 Use existing
Espiritu 19 19 19 Use existing
New Bilibid 0 35 35 Build new
Prison,
Muntinlupa
Total 393 426 426
PDS Pipe Length

Existing Pipes (m) New Pipes Length (m)
Pipe Diameter 2005 2010 2015 Total
(mm)
300”Ø <600 208,923 61,633 54,160 115,793
600” Ø <1200 145,914 74,399 58,506 132,905
1200” Ø <2000 79,243 39,072 7,575 46,647
Total 434,080 175,104 120,241 295,345

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Figure 2-6. Layout of the Primary Distribution System 2010

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Figure 2-7. Layout of Primary Distribution System 2015

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Business Center and Zone Measurement
To properly assess and identify NRW sources in the different sections of the network, accurate and
reliable information on flows and pressures in the water distribution network is essential. At present,
there are 15 business centers. In each business center, there are multiple inflows and outflows
requiring a number of meters for each business center (Figure 2-8). This results to inaccuracy of
water consumption measurements for an area associated with several meter readings, as well as
difficulty in managing network operations and maintenance.
For the proposed improvement plan, hydraulic areas will be established to address such difficulties.
Hydraulic areas are areas with closed hydraulic boundaries and ideally with a single feed from a large
primary main, pump or a reservoir. Each hydraulic area is subdivided into district metered
areas/zones (DMZ) which again will, as far as practical, have closed boundaries and a single metered
feed. This restructuring of the network is essential to be able to understand inflows and outflows in the
system. The schematic representations of a distribution network before and after establishment of
DMZs are given in Figures 2-9 and 2-10. Figure 2-11 illustrates the schematic representation of a
DMZ.
Inflow
Inflow
Outflow
Outflow
Outflow
Outflow
Figure 2-8. Typical Business Centre Arrangement (i.e., Quirino BC)

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Figure 2-9. The existing distribution system
Figure 2-10. The proposed distribution system

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Figure 2-11. The schematic representation of a District Meter Zone (DMZ)
2.3.3 Construction of a New Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa
In establishment of the PDS plan, a new water source was identified for the South Business Center
(i.e., 300 MLD from Laguna Lake). This requires a corresponding storage which is the third
component of the 10 year improvement plan. The new reservoir will be located in the New Bilibid
Prison in Muntinlupa (Figure 2-12) and will have a capacity of 30 ML. It will be an underground of
water storage similar with the Bagbag Reservoir (Plate 2-2). It will have a dimension of approximately
75m x 75m x 6m. A pump of 30 MLD capacity will also be installed to draw water from the reservoir to
the distribution lines.
Plate 2-2. The underground reservoir in Bagbag, similar structure will be built in the New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa,
which will serve the South Business Area.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
BCGS
Magnetic
The proposed 2-
ha water storage
Victoria Homes
Figure 2-12. Location Map of the Proposed Muntinlupa Reservoir
2.4 Project Cost

The total project cost is Php 33.050 Billion with Php 21.188 Billion (64%) and Php 11.862 Billion (36%)
allocated respectively for Phase 1(2006-2010) and Phase 2 (2010-2015) projects. Table 2-5 shows
the budget per project component:
Table 2-5. Project cost per component
Project Components Total (In Million Pesos)

Component 1
Water Treatment Plants Rehabilitation 398.00
Components 2 and 3
Rehabilitation of Primary Distribution 9,771.00
System/ Construction of New Reservoir
Zones Rehabilitation/Reconfiguration 15,310.00
General Costs
Services and Training 3,260.00
Physical Contigency 4,311.00
Total Cost 33,050.00
2.5 Project Schedule

The 10 year development plan is from 2006 to 2015. The project implementation schedule is shown in
Table 2-6.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:12
Table 2-6. Project Implementation Schedule
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR THE 10 YEAR IMPROVEMENT PLAN
HYDRAULIC PHASE 1 PHASE 2

SYSTEM AREA LOCATION 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
North A 1 North A (Nova/Ncal)
2 NORTH B (Nova/Val)
North B
3 NORTH B (Val)
4 NORTH C (Comm)
North C
5 NORTH C (Nova/Qui)
6 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Quirino)
9 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Scal)
10 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Scal)
11 MALABON-NAVOTAS (Mal/Nav)
North 12 MALABON-NAVOTAS (Mal/Nav)
Bagbag 13 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Scal)
14 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Rsvt)
15 CENTRAL (Sampaloc)
16 CENTRAL (Tondo)
17 CENTRAL (Sta Cruz/Tondo)
19 CENTRAL (Sampaloc)
Algeciras 18 CENTRAL (Sta Cruz/Sam)
Ermita 20 CENTRAL (South Manila)
21 ESPIRITU & VILLAMOR (Pasay/Makati)
Espiritu
22 ESPIRITU & VILLAMOR (Pasay/Makati/Paran)
24 PASAY (Pasay/Makati/Paran)
25 PASAY EXTENSION (Cavite)
Pasay
26 PASAY EXTENSION (Cavite)
27 PASAY (LP/Cavite)
23 300 MLD (Paranaque)
28 300 MLD (Munti)
Laguna
29 300 MLD (Munti)
300 MLD
30 300 MLD (LP)
31 300 MLD (Cavite)
Treatment Plant LP1 & LP2
Note:
Schedule covers the following: Legend
-Investigations (topo, soil, utility, mains) PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (PDS) WORKS
-Preliminary Design ZONE REHABILITATION WORKS
-Detail Design + bid documents TREATMENT PLANTS (LP1 & LP2) REHABILITATION
-Bidding
-Construction

DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
3.0 Existing Environmental Conditions

3.1 Physical Environment
3.1.1 Topography
The National Capital Region (NCR) is situated in a semi-alluvial floodplain encompassing a land area
of 636 km2 open to Manila Bay on the west and to Laguna Lake on the south-east. The topography of
the West Zone service area is characterized by the geological formations of the Coastal Margin and
Guadalupe Plateau and its northeast border by the Marikina Valley Formation. Almost half of the
concession area is under a coastal plain and ground elevation is below 10 mASL. Slopes are
generally flat (0 to 1%) and drainage pattern is westward i.e., towards Manila Bay. Elevation at the
Guadalupe Plateau is up to 100m amsl in the northern area and 30 to 40 m at the southern sector. A
1% to 3% rise in slope occurs from the coastal plains to the Guadalupe Plateau, while slopes at the
Cavite coastal plains do not exceed 3%. In the southeastern sector of the concession area (i.e.,
Muntinlupa, elevations range from 20m to 50m amsl.
3.1.2 Geology and Structures
The Geology of Metro Manila is composed of five formational units namely Quaternary Alluvium, the
Guadalupe Formation, the Alat Conglomerate, the Binangonan Limestone and Angat Formation
(MGB, 1983). The Quaternary Alluvium consists of recent deposits of unconsolidated sediments of
sandstone, siltstone, claystone and conglomerates, most of which are located in Manila and along the
coastal sections of the Camanava and Las Pinas-Paranaque areas. The Guadalupe Formation is
categorized into two sub-units, namely the pumiceous Pyroclastic Flow units underlying the Quezon
City and Pasig-Mandaluyong-Taguig Area, and the more extensive volcanic Tuffaceous Deposits
present in Quezon City, Caloocan and southeastern Metro Manila areas. The Alat Conglomerate
generally underlies the Guadalupe Formation to the north and is observed in certain areas in Quezon
City and Marikina, but exposures are more prominent in Bulacan. The Binangonan Limestone
prominently underlies the areas of Antipolo and Teresa, Rizal along eastern Metro Manila. The
basement Angat Formation consisting of upper Ophiolite sequences of Gabbro and Pillow Basalts are
observed to occur at the northern Quezon City area and in the towns of Montalban, Taytay and
Cainta, Rizal.
The active Valley Fault System (VFS) formerly named as the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS)
(Daligdig et. Al., 1997) traverse the Eastern Metro Manila and Rizal areas. The generally North-South
trending VFS extends to the active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) to the north and links to the linear
structure parallel to the Tagaytay Ridge at the south. The active PFZ is located east of Metro Manila
and straddles the Sierra Madre Range. West of Manila is the active Manila Trench, which is
subducting beneath the Luzon section of the Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) (Aurelio, 2000).
Site Geology and Structure: New Bilibid Compound Reservoir
The proposed site for the New Bilibid Prison Compound Reservoir is generally underlain by
Tuffaceous Deposits of the Guadalupe Formation, with representative outcrops exposed in areas near
the South Super Highway and at hillside areas. Active faults mapped by Phivolcs (2000) that were
closely related to the VFS mostly cluster at the eastern section of the project site, with a general north-
south trend. Based on the Attenuation Relation Equation of Fukushima and Tanaka (1992), Peak
Ground Acceleration (PGA) values for the Muntinlupa area were calculated for a potential earthquake
magnitude of 7.0 and a distance of 2.5 kilometres from the nearest probable active fault. The average
PGA for the site is at 0.564, with as low as 0.338 for Bedrock, followed by 0.603 for Hard Soil, 0.491
for Medium Soil and 0.784 for Soft Soil. It should be noted that calculated peak PGA values are
relatively higher due to proximity with the mapped active faults by Phivolcs (2000), that may have a
close association with the Valley Fault System (VFS). Being underlain by mostly tuff deposits

J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\3.0 Existing Environmental
Conditions.doc
DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
mentioned before, the bedrock PGA value is best used as a gauge for potential response to an
earthquake.
Figure 3-1. The proposed project site with respect to the Valley Fault System (in red lines, Phivolcs 1999)
3.1.3 Rainfall and Temperature

The project area has two distinct seasons: the dry season from December to April and the wet season
from May to November. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500mm to 2,000mm. About 90% of
the rainfall occurs in the wet season with June or July as the wettest month.
Mean maximum temperature is 33 0C while mean minimum temperature is 21.10C. The cool months
are December and January, while the hot months are April and May.
3.1.4 Air Quality
Data on air quality were based on the regular monitoring of the Metro Manila Airshed conducted by
EMB-DENR. Twelve sampling stations that measure road concentrations of total suspended
particulates (TSP) across Metro Manila were considered for this study. Data from the Metro Manila
Airshed Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, another project of the EMB, which has ten operating stations
that continuously measure real time concentrations of PM 10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and other parameters
were also used. Meteorological conditions that can influence the behaviour of air pollutants like wind
speed and direction, temperature, rainfall and humidity were also measured in these stations. Table
3-1 shows the locations of the roadside monitoring stations for TSP, while Table 3-2 presents the
monitoring stations for NO2 and SO2. Table 3-3 shows the monitoring equipment used in the Ambient
Air Quality Monitoring Network in Metro Manila Airshed.

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
Table 3-1. EMB Roadside TSP Monitoring Stations in Metro Manila
Station Number Location

1 EDSA corner Congressional Avenue
2 EDSA - National Printing Office
3 EDSA corner East Avenue
4 EDSA -MMDA Office
5 EDSA corner Taft
6 Valenzuela City Hall
7 Ateneo, Katipunan Avenue
8 Mandaluyong City Hall
9 Pasig - LLDA Compound
10 Ayala corner Gil Puyat
11 Pasay City Hall
12 Rizal Avenue - Department of Health
Table 3-2. Location of the Monitoring Stations for SO2 and NO2
Station Number Location
1 Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University

Bureau of Broadcasting Services Compound, Marulas,
2
Valenzuela
3 Clark Air Force Base, Angeles City, Pampanga
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa,
4
Manila
5 Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
6
(NAMRIA), Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City
7 Bureau of Plant Industry, Los Baños, Laguna
8 Provincial Veterinary Office, Batangas City
9 New Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa City
10 Valle Verde I Subdivision, Pasig City
Table 3-3. Monitoring Equipment in the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Metro Manila Airshed
Parameter Equipment/Method
SO2 Pulsed Fluorescence SO2 Analyser
NOx Chemiluminescence
PM10 Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM)

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
TSP
The annual geometric mean of roadside TSP levels in Metro Manila for 2003 and 2004 is presented in
Figure 3-2. In 2003, the Valenzuela City Hall Station had the highest mean concentration at
247µg/Nm3. Of the 10 operating monitoring stations in 2003, only the Ateneo Katipunan Station
registered levels within the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standard for long term exposure
(averaging time is 1 year). However in 2004, readings from all 12 TSP monitoring stations in Metro
Manila exceeded the limits of the prescribed criterion. The highest annual mean concentration of TSP
in 2004 was recorded at the intersection of EDSA and Congressional Avenue, where levels reached
275µg/Nm3, which is thrice the guideline values.
300
250
2004
200
2003
u g /N m 3
150
NA A QS
100 Guideline
Value
50
ED SA N PO
Pas ay C ity H all
Riz al A v e -
ED SA M MDA
ED SA East
Pas ig LLD A
ED SA Taft
Congres s ional
Ay ala - G il
Mandaluy on g
Katip unan
Valenz uela
C ity H all
Ateneo
Puy at
City H all
DO H
Av e
EDSA
Stations
*Source: National Air Quality Status Report, 2003-2004
Figure 3-2. Annual Geometric Mean of Roadside TSP Levels in Metro Manila, 2003-2004 (mg/Nm3)
SO2 and NO2

Annual mean concentrations of SO 2 recorded in 2003 and from June to December 2004 show that
levels in the nine EMB monitoring stations were within the prescribed limit. Likewise, NO2
concentrations in 2003 did not exceed the 24-hour NAAQ standard guideline. Figures 3-3 and Figure
3-4 show the graphical presentation of SO2 and NO2 at the Manila Observatory Station in Ateneo.

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
*Source: National Air Quality Status Report, 2003-2004
Figure 3-3. SO2 Concentrations at the Manila Figure 3-4. NO2 Concentrations at the Manila Observatory,
Observatory Ateneo Station (2003) Ateneo Station (2003)
3.1.5 Water Quality
This subsection is an assessment of the water quality in the surface waters that will be potentially
affected by the implementation of the proposed project and its support facilities. The data for the La
Mesa Creek are secondary, mainly from the database of the La Mesa Central Laboratory. Water
quality of surface waters along the route of the proposed primary distribution lines, was derived from
available secondary references, while data for the proposed reservoir in Muntinlupa are primary.
These were gathered during water sampling conducted on 11 October 2006.
La Mesa Water Treatment Plants

To comply with the Effluent Regulations of 1990 (DAO 90-35), five sampling stations for the monitoring
of the discharges from LP1 and LP2 Treatments were established (Table 3-4, Figure 3-5)
Table 3-4. Sampling sites for wastewater monitoring
Station Description
LP1D LP1 Plant 1, overflow from sludge lagoon 1
LP2D LP2 Plant Effluent, from sludge chamber
LMC1 La Mesa Creek, before discharge point of LP2
Plant
LMC2 La Mesa Creek, mixing point with LP2 discharge
Plant
LMC3 La Mesa Creek, mixing point with LP1 discharge
Plant
*Tullahan River Crossing of Tullahan River and Commonwealth
Avenue
* not in the location map

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
LMC1
LMC2 LP2D
LMC3
LP1D
Figure 3-5. Locations of the water quality sampling stations
The water quality data of the wastewater from LP1 and LP2 Plants are presented in Tables 3-5 and 3-
6. The data were taken from the PCO reports and laboratory results from the MWSI Central
Laboratory. Pursuant to DAO No. 90-35, compliance is reckoned at 90% of the year if daily effluent
monitoring is done. Otherwise, the regulation that applies is 100% compliance or no exceedances at
any time of the year.
La Mesa Treatment Plant No. 1 Overflow

Table 3-5. Wastewater Quality of LP1 Discharge
2005 2006 DAO 90-35 Effluent

Water Quality
Standard for Class C
Parameters Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
Receiving Waters
BOD (mg/L) 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 50
COD (mg/L) 48 67 79.5 41 100
TSS (mg/L) 4 6 3.5 12 70
Color (PCU) 2.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 150
not more than 3ºC rise
Temperature (ºC) 27 26 26 26
over ambient
pH 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.6 6.5-9.0
Oil/Grease (mg/L) 0.6 0.1 0.15 0.1 5
Coliform MPN/100mL 500 50 50 2 10,000

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
BOD and COD

The levels for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) ranged from 3.0 to 3.3 mg/L from Q2 2005 to Q1
2006. Levels are far less than the 50 mg/L criteria for BOD in wastewater. For Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD), levels ranged from 41 mg/L to 79.5 mg/L. Similar with BOD, COD levels are less
than the 100 mg/L maximum limit. LP1 complies with the prescribed Effluent Quality limits.
Color, Temperature and pH

The color in the LP1 discharge ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 PCU. Thus, it complies with the prescribed
criterion of 150 PCU. Temperature ranged from 26ºC to 27ºC. The DAO 90-35 requirement for
temperature is a minimum of 3ºC increase from the ambient temperature. The LP1 discharge complied
accordingly as shown by the temperature of La Mesa Creek which usually varied from 26.0 ºC to 27.0
ºC. The pH readings ranged from 7.2 to 7.6 and are within the 6.5 to 9.0 prescribed limits.
TSS and Oil/Grease

The total suspended solids (TSS) level ranged from 3.5 mg/L to 12 mg/L and does not exceed the 70
mg/L prescribed limit for effluent quality. The levels of oil/grease, which had a range of 0.1 mg/L to
0.6 mg/L, likewise complied with the required limit of 5 mg/L.
Total Coliform
Laboratory results indicate that the LP1 wastewater passed the criteria for Effluent Quality. Levels
ranged from 2 to 500 MPN/100 mL and are way below the 10,000 MPN/100 mL guidelines.
La Mesa Treatment Plant No. 2 (LP2 Effluent)
Table 3-6. Wastewater Quality of LP2 Discharge
DAO 90-35 Effluent

2005
Water Quality 2006 Standard for Class C
Parameters Receiving Waters
Q1 Q3 Q1 Q2
BOD (mg/L) 60 653 20 77 50
COD (mg/L) 1200.5 1,259 787 1092 100
TSS (mg/L) 20,004 36,324 20,004 18,724 70
Color (PCU) 52.7 6 53 40 150
27.5 25.3 26.5 not more than 3ºC rise
Temperature (ºC) 26.7 over ambient
pH 6.9 7.3 6.9 7.2 6.5-9.0
Oil/Grease (mg/L) 40.7 1 41 20 5
Coliform MPN/
2 101 2 8 10,000
100mL
Note: The available data for the LP2 discharge are from Q1 2005, Q3 2005 to Q3 2006.
BOD and COD

For the period of Q1 2005 to Q1 2006, the BOD levels in the effluent ranged from 20 mg/L to 653
mg/L, sometimes exceeding the 50 mg/L DAO 90-35 maximum limit. COD levels varied from 787
mg/L to 1, 259 mg/L, and are above the prescribed limit of 100 mg/L.

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15

Color ranged from 6.0 PCU to 52.7 PCU and does not exceed the 150 PCU limit. Temperature and
pH varied from 25.3 ºC to 27.5 ºC and 6.9 to 7.6, respectively. Comparing the temperature of the LP2
wastewater with that of the La Mesa Creek, there is no exceedance to the prescribed limit. Likewise,
the pH levels ranged from 6.5 to 7.3, which were still within the allowable range of 6.5 - 9.0.
TSS and Oil/Grease

TSS is relatively elevated in LP2 than in LP1. Results indicate that TSS levels ranged from 18,724
mg/L to 36,324 mg/L, highly elevated relative to the 70 mg/L maximum value. These levels of TSS
stress the importance of a settling basin to effectively decrease the solids before the discharge exits to
the La Mesa Creek. Similarly, oil/grease levels are elevated. Compared with the prescribed limit of 5
mg/L, the water discharge in LP2 registered levels that ranged from 1.0 mg/L to 40.7 mg/L. As this
plant is automated, the maintenance of the facility involves the use of lubricants which may have been
the source of the oil/grease levels.
Total Coliform
Total coliform readings varied from 2 MPN/100mL to 101 MPN/100mL. Although detectable, the
levels do not exceed the standard value of 10,000 MPN/100 mL average for three-month-monitoring
period.
La Mesa Creek and Tullahan River

The nearest water body to the La Mesa Treatment Plants is the La Mesa Creek, a north-south
trending tributary of Tullahan River. This creek also catches the drainage of Lagro Subdivision, located
west of LP2. The wastewater of LP2 is piped from the sludge chamber to La Mesa Creek. In LP1,
the wastewater overflowing from the sludge lagoons flows to a central canal that also leads to La
Mesa Creek. Table 3-7 presents the water quality data of the monitoring station along La Mesa Creek
upstream of LP2, while the water quality data at the mixing point of the La Mesa Creek and LP2
discharge is tabulated in Table 3-8. Table 3-9 presents the available data on the mixing point of La
Mesa Creek and LP1, while Table 3-10 presents the water quality of Tullahan River taken from
Commonwealth Avenue. Data available for the La Mesa Creek is from July 2005 to November 2005,
while the available data for Tullahan River is from September to November 2005 and from February to
August 2006. The discharge flow is monitored using Venturi and Magnetic Flow Meters.
Table 3-7. Water Quality of La Mesa Creek Upstream of LP2 Discharge
2005 DAO 90-34 Criteria

for Class C water
Water Quality (annual average
Parameter July August September November value)
BOD (mg/L) 4.1 6 2.9 3 7(10 max)
COD (mg/L) 36 45 84 88 -
not more than 30
mg/L increase over
TSS (mg/L) 4 92 12 2 background
Color (PCU) 3 2 4 4 -
Temperature (ºC) 27.9 27.2 28 26 -
pH 7.7 7.9 7.4 7.5 6.5 - 8.5
Oil/Grease (mg/L) n.d. 0.2 1.3 0.1 2
Dissolved Oxygen
8.0 8.0 7.2 7.2 5 (min)
(mg/L)
5.0 x 103 (geometric
Total Coliform mean over 3-month
5.0 x 104 1.3 x104 2.3 x104 2.2 x 106 period not to be
(MPN/100 mL)
exceeded in 20%
samples)

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Table 3-8. Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP2 Discharge
DAO 90-34 Criteria for

Water Quality 2006 Class C water (annual
2005
Parameters average value)
Q1 Q3 Q2 Q3
BOD (mg/L) 10 17 20.5 6 7(10 max)
COD (mg/L) 316.5 245 300 145 -
not more than 30 mg/L
TSS (mg/L) 9,177.7 23,100 7,050 26,900
increase
Color (PCU) 22.6 3 40 3 -
not more than 3ºC rise
over average of
Temperature (ºC) 26.7 27.3 26.4 27.3 maximum daily
temperature over 1
month
pH 6.9 7.6 7.2 7.1 6.5-8.5
Oil/Grease (mg/L) 15 1 21 2
5.0 x 103 (geometric
mean over 3-month
Coliform MPN/100 nL 2 361 2 2 period not to be
exceeded in 20%
samples)
Table 3-9. Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP1 Discharge
DAO 90-34 Criteria for

Water Quality 2005 Class C water (annual
Parameters average value)
August September November
BOD (mg/L) 10 14 15 7(10 max)
COD (mg/L) 81 297 306 -
Not more than 30 mg/L
TSS (mg/L) 652 5000 5733
increase
Color (PCU) 3 4 4 -
27.4 26.0 not more than 3ºC rise over
average of maximum daily
Temperature (ºC) 27.0 temperature over 1 month
pH 7.9 7.1 7.1 6.5-8.5
Oil/Grease (mg/L) 0.2 1.4 0.2 2
Dissolved Oxygen
6.7 5.9 5.0 5.0 (min)
(DO) (mg/L)
5.0 x 103
(geometric mean
Coliform MPN/100 mL 4
3.0 x 104 27 over 3-month period not to
5.0 x 10 be exceeded in 20%
samples)

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 09:15
Table 3-10. Water Quality of Tullahan River (Commonwealth Avenue)
2005 2006 DAO 90-34

Water Quality Criteria for
Parameters Sept Nov Feb March April June July August Class C water
pH 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.2 7 7.2 6.5-8.5
Color 4 5 3 3 5 38 125 50 -
not more than
3ºC rise over
average of
Temperature 27 26 25.8 26 25.9 27 - 27 maximum
daily
temperature
over 1 month
BOD 25 19 nd Nd 13 23 13 9 7
COD 545 139 32 94 33 90 204 23 -
Dissolved
Oxygen 4.2 0.1 6.5 n.d. 6 5.3 4.9 5.6 5
TSS 730 2,033 375 2,100 35 2,250 685 292 -
Oil/Grease 5 0.8 21 32 12 5 3 2 2
5.0 x 103
(geometric
6 mean over 3-
7
Total Coliform 5.0 x 106 5.0 x 106 3.4 x 107 2.0 106 1.1 x 107 1.9 x 10 6
month period
1.4 x10 1.1 x 10
not to be
exceeded in
20% samples)
Tullahan River is classified under Class C, based on DAO 90-34. The La Mesa Creek is also
categorized in the same class based on its best beneficial future usage. Thus, the water quality data
of these two streams are compared with the prescribed criteria for Class C waters.
DO, BOD and COD

The available water quality data of the La Mesa Creek portion before the discharge point of LP2 are
from July 2005 to September 2005 and November 2005. The DO levels ranged from 7.2 mg/L to 8.0
mg/L, conforming to the 5.0 mg/L minimum limit. The BOD and COD data varied from 2.9 mg/L to 6
mg/L and 36 mg/L to 88 mg/L, respectively (Table 3-7).
Water quality data from the mixing point of the LP2 discharge and La Mesa Creek are available from
Q1 2005 to Q3 2006. Levels of BOD and COD in this station during these periods ranged from 6 mg/L
to 20.5 mg/L and from 145 mg/L to 316.5 mg/L, respectively (Table 3-8). The BOD levels show some
exceedance to the BOD maximum criteria of 10 mg/L. For COD, there is no standard set by the
DENR.
Further downstream in the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and the LP1 discharge, the DO levels
ranged from 5.0 mg/L to 6.7 mg/L and are compliant with the DENR minimum limit. The BOD is from
10 mg/l to 15 mg/L and exceeded the maximum limit. COD levels are from 81 mg/L to 306 mg/L
(Table 3-9).

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For Tullahan River, the available data are from September 2005 to November 2005 and February
2006 to August 2006 (Table 3-10). In the said period, DO concentrations ranged from 0.1 mg/L to 6.5
mg/L. Generally, the 5 mg/L minimum limit is met except for a few events where the DO readings
failed to meet the required value. This may be due to the very slow stream flow making aeration
limited. Such failure to meet the required value does not however indicate that the wastewater coming
from the plants directly affect the DO levels of Tullahan River.
BOD levels ranged from 9 mg/L to 25 mg/L, exceeding the maximum limit of 10 mg/L. COD ranged
from 23 mg/l to 545 mg/L. Results show that BOD exceeded the required limit.

Upstream of the discharge point of LP2, the color varied from 2 PCU to 4 PCU. Temperature yielded a
range of 26ºC to 28 ºC, while pH ranged from 7.4 to 7.9. The pH meets the DAO 90-34 criteria, while
there are no criteria applicable for color and temperature in control stations.
At the discharge point of LP2, color ranged from 3 PCU to 40 PCU. Temperature and pH varied from
25.3 ºC to 27.3 ºC and 6.9 to 7.6, respectively. The pH levels ranged from 6.5 to 7.6, still within the
6.5 - 9.0 allowable limits. Temperature is within the allowed maximum 3ºC rise over ambient.
Color levels after the discharge point of LP1 varied from 3 PCU to 4 PCU. Temperature and pH
ranged from 26.0 ºC to 27.4 ºC and 7.1 to 7.9, respectively. Bother parameters comply with water
quality criteria set by DENR.
In the Tullahan River, color was measured to range from 3 PCU to 125 PCU, while temperature
ranged from 25.8ºC to 27ºC. No prescribed limits are applicable to these parameters. For pH, the
range was 7.0 to 7.8 indicating compliance with the allowable limits (6.5 to 8.5).
TSS and Oil/Grease (La Mesa Creek and Tullahan River)

TSS levels in La Mesa Creek varied from 2 mg/L to 92 mg/L. This is the background level for this
water body as this is upstream of any discharge from LP1 and LP2. Oil/grease concentrations ranged
from 0.1 mg/L to 1.3 mg/L, and are within the 2 mg/L criterion.
At the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and the discharge water from LP2, laboratory results indicate
that TSS levels ranged from 7,050 mg/L to 23,100 mg/L. The data show elevated levels stressing the
importance of a settling basin to effectively decrease the solids before the discharge exits to the La
Mesa Creek. Similarly, oil/grease levels are elevated. Compared with the prescribed limit of 2 mg/L,
the levels ranged from 1mg/L to as high as 21 mg/L. As this plant is automated, the maintenance of
the facility involves the use of lubricants, which may have been the source of the oil/grease levels.
At the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and the discharge from LP1, TSS levels were from 652 mg/L to 5,
733 mg/L, reflecting the high TSS of the LP2 discharge. Oil and grease levels are compliant, with a
range of 0.2 mg/l to 1.4 mg/L.
In the Tullahan River station, the oil/grease levels ranged from 0.8 mg/L to 32 mg/L. Levels are
elevated compared to the 2 mg/L guideline. Given that the Tullahan River receives drainage from
various residential areas and thoroughfares, it is expected that oil/grease levels are elevated.
Total Coliform
The range of coliform levels upstream of La Mesa Creek is from 1.3x10 4 MPN/100mL to 2.2 x 10 6
MPN/100 mL. Levels exceed the MPN/100 mL criterion of 5 x 10 3 required limit. Tullahan River
registered a more elevated range of levels, from 1.1x106 MPN/100 mL to 3.4x107 MPN/100 mL. The

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coliform levels in the wastewater from LP1 and LP2 are very low and not deemed to have a significant
impact on the bacteriological condition of the La Mesa Creek and Tullahan River.
Distribution Lines
As discussed in the preceding section, the distribution lines follow the road alignments. These cross
several waterways that may be impacted during the installation of the new pipes. Due to the lack of
available data on the small tributaries that would be potentially affected, the discussion in this report
will be on the current general condition of the main river systems where these tributaries drain to.
From the water treatment plants in La Mesa Dam, the established ROW (Right of Way) crosses creeks
and rivers that belong to the Tullahan River System. Rehabilitation works in the ROW in the western
part of the MWSI service area would probably affect the Tullahan-Tejeros River system. In the
Tandang Sora area, Dario Creek, a tributary of San Francisco River may be potentially affected. In
the Manila-Pasay area, the ROW crosses several canals that lead to Manila Bay. The ROW for the
distribution lines from the proposed reservoir in Muntinlupa to the respective supply areas cross water
channels that eventually drain to Laguna Lake. These creeks exhibit typical physical conditions of
waterways in highly urbanized areas: voluminous floating garbage, dark color and very slow flow of
water which produce unpleasant odor.
Programs (e.g., Sagip Batis sa Quezon City, etc.) driven by both government and public agencies
have tackled the state of water quality of main river channels such as Tullahan River and San Juan
River. Laguna Lake is closely monitored by Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA). Limited raw
data on these findings are readily available in secondary references (e.g., internet, magazines,
newsletters, daily newspaper). Nevertheless, the most significant finding is that these rivers are
biologically dead with DO levels measured at 0 mg/L. The decreasing trend in DO is coupled with
increasing BOD levels.
Tributary of the Poblacion Creek, New Bilibid, Muntinlupa

The proposed Muntinlupa reservoir is located in the southwest sector of the New Bilibid Prison
Compound. Approximately 300 meters to the south of the proposed area is an east-west trending
creek, a tributary of the Poblacion River. This creek provides for the washing and cleaning water
requirements of the households located along the creek. Drainage from the proposed project site
leads to the creek as indicated by the topography. This also indicates that the construction of the
proposed reservoir will potentially impact on the said creek.
Water samples were collected from two stations on 11 October 2006, to establish the baseline water
quality condition of the creek. Station B1 is 10 meters east of the concrete road to Victoria Homes,
while B2 is approximately 100 m downstream of B1 (Figure 3-6).
The parameters that were analysed were selected based on the potential impacts of a water
impoundment project. In situ readings were taken for pH, temperature and DO. A HORIBA ® D-22
model glass-electrode pH meter was used to measure pH and temperature while DO readings were
measured with a WTW® Oxi 330i DO meter. Sampling techniques, preservation and handling of
samples are standardized with the Australian/New Zealand Standard 5667.1:1998 summarized in the
Water Quality Sampling Manual, Third Edition (1999), by the Queensland Environmental Protection
Agency.
The analytical procedures employed are based on the Philippine Standard Methods for Air and Water
analysis as recommended by the DENR (Table 3-11).

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BCGS
Magnetic
The proposed 2-ha

water storage area
Station B2
Station B1
Victoria Homes Subdivision
Figure 3-6. Locations of water quality sampling stations (in yellow circle)
Table 3-11. Analytical Methods
Parameter Method
BOD Azide Modification (Dilution Technique)
TSS Gravimetric (dried at 103-105?C)
NO3-N Bruccine Sulfate
PO4-P Stannous Chloride
Turbidity Nephelometric Method
Total Coliform Multiple Tube Fermentation
Fecal Coliform Multiple Tube Fermentation
Based on the best beneficial use of the water, this creek is classified under Class C of the DAO 90-34
classification. Results of the analyses (Table 3-12) are evaluated using the prescribed limits for such
water class.

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Table 3-12. Water Quality Data of the Poblacion River Tributary
Water Quality B1 B2 DAO 90-34

Parameters Class C
pH 7.39 7.33 6.0-9.0
Temperature 30.3 30.4 not more than 3ºC rise over
the average of max daily
temp over 1 month
DO - 5.5 5 (min)
BOD (mg/L) 7 7 7 (10 max)
TSS (mg/L) 5 12 Not more than 30 mg/L
increase
PO4-P (mg/L) 1.39 1.45 0.4
NO3-N (mg/L) 0.03 <0.01 -
Turbidity (NTU) 8.4 9.9 -
Total Coliform 8.0 x 106 3.0 x 104 5.0 x 10 (geometric mean
3
(MPN/ 100 mL) over 3-month period not to

be exceeded in 20%
samples)
Fecal Coliform 2.3 x 106 3.0 x 104 -
(MPN/ 100 mL)
Both stations exhibit compliance with criteria for pH, DO and BOD. However, levels of PO 4-P and
coliform are elevated in both stations, most probably effects of the households located near the creek.
The contribution of domestic waste to the creek is reflected by the elevated levels of fecal coliform.
Temperature and TSS levels are reflective of normal background levels.
3.2 Biological Environment
Rapid assessment of flora and fauna was also conducted in the premises of the three project
components. Methodology include gathering of secondary information, walk-through surveys, as well
as photo-documentation.
3.2.1 Vicinity of the La Mesa Dam

The La Mesa watershed covers a total area of 2,700 ha: about 1900 ha of forest land and 700 ha
covered by the La Mesa Reservoir. The rest is occupied by the La Mesa Eco-park (33 ha) and the
built-up area where the La Mesa Water Treatment Facilities including the sludge lagoons (32 ha) are
located (Plate 3-1). The watershed/forestland is maintained by MWSS while the water treatment
facilities are operated and maintained by MWSI. Cumulative efforts of several agencies both from the
government and private sectors maintain the vegetative landscape of the Ecopark.
In addition to the natural forest cover of the area surrounding the La Mesa Dam, the vegetation has
been boosted by numerous tree-planting activities of various organizations. Table 3-13 is a list of flora
species abundantly observed around the reservoir.

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Plate 3-1. The La Mesa Watershed. The built up area is LP1 ( LP2 is located up north of LP1 but not shown in the
photo). The Ecopark is located adjacent to LP1 at the south-south west.
Table 3-13. Tree species commonly observed in La Mesa Dam
Common Name Scientific Name Habitat/Economic Status

Acacia Acacia auriculaeformi, The Acasia grows wild everywhere in the
Racosperma Philippines, and is often used for local handicrafts,
aurculiforme and especilly suited for turning into bowls and
plates.
Ipil-ipil Leucaena A small tree, soil stabilizer and leaves can be used
leucocephala as an animal feed
G.Melina Gmelina aborea One of the most used plantation species in the
Philippines. Widely used for finger jointed and edge
glued materials for shelves, furniture parts, and
mouldings
Mahogany Shorea negrosensis Also known as Lauan, it is considered the very
best in Asia.
Narra Pterocarpus indicus Narra is considered the most valuable wood in the
Philippines. Most often used for furniture, flooring,
and panels.
Neem Azadirachta indica A small tree; Insect repellant
Raintree Samanea saman Grows best in the lowlands
The lagoons were observed to be vegetated with grasses with ipil-ipil and acacia trees growing along
the berms (Plates 3-2). These are deemed to be affected during lagoon de-sludging.

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Plate 3-2. Vegetation in the sludge lagoons and immediate vicinity
Being one of the few forested places in Metro Manila, the La Mesa Eco-park vicinity has been a
birdwatching venue for bird enthusiasts. Table 3-14 is a list of the various avian species observed by
the Wild Bird Club of the Philippines during several trips to La Mesa Dam.
Table 3-14. Bird species observed in the vicinity of La Mesa Dam
Common Name Scientific Name Family Name Ecological Status/Distribution
Little Heron Butorides striatus Ardeidae Fairly common resident/migrant;

fields adjacent to forest, open
country and grasslands
Black-crowned Nycticorax Ardeidae Uncommon migrant; from Java to

Night-heron nycticorax New Guinea, Australia, New
Zealand and SW Pacific; roosts
in trees near water during the
day, and flies in wide variety of
wetlands to feed during the night
Osprey Pandion haliaetus Pandionidae Uncommon migrant; from Taiwan
and SE Asia; associated with
water as it feeds exclusively on
fish
White-eared Brown- Phapitreron leucotis Columbidae Common endemic; second
Dove growth to primary forest from
lowlands to about 1600m in all
forest levels
Amethyst Brown- Phapitreron Columbidae Common locally; found in the
Dove amethystina lowlands but prefers middle and
higher elevations in primary and
secondary forest
Guaiabero Bolbopsittacus Psittacidae Common endemic; montane
lunulatus forest and forest edge from 1000
to 2500m
Scale-feathered Phaenicophaeus Cuculidae Fairly common endemic; found in
Malkoha cumingi forest, forest edge and second
growth up to at least 2000m

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Philippine Coucal Centropus viridis Cuculidae Common endemic; found in

lowland forest and forest edge
Nightjar sp Caprimulgus sp Indian subcontient, China, SE
Asia and Philippines; migrates to
Indonesia and New Guinea.
Prefers rather open mountain
forest and scrub. Typical nightjar
flight, settles on ground or on
horizontal branch in daytime.
Island Swiftlet Aerodramus Apodidae Common resident; Sulawesi,
vanikorensis Moluccas to New Guinea, SW
pacific islands; found in lowlands
below 900m and forage over
grasslands, forest, fish ponds
and mangroves
Glossy Swiflet Collocalia esculenta Apodidae Common resident; and from
Andamas, Nicobars, Malay
Peninsula, SW Pacific; ranges
from sea coasts to high
mountains
House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae Locally common resident; Africa
to southern China and Taiwan,
SE Asia; usually in lowlands and
associated with water.
White-collared Halcyon chloris Alcedinidae Common; Red Sea east to SE
Kingfisher China, south thru mainland and
archipelagic SE Asia to South
Pacific
Blue-throated Bee- Merops viridis Meropidae Fairly common resident; SE
eater China, SE Asia; found foraging in
open areas and clearings
adjacent to forest and
scrub/cogon fields.
Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima Capitonidae Common resident; India to SW
haemacephala China, SE Asia; found in forest
edge and forest where it prefers
to forage
Philippine Pygmy Dendrocopos Picidae Common endemic; found in
Woodpecker maculatus forest and mixed cultivation up to
2500m
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae Common migrant; breeds in N
America, Africa and Eurasia,
winters in S America, India, SE
Asia to Australia; forages from
open country, wetlands to
forested mountain.
Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica Hirundinidae Common resident; India, SE Asia
to Australia and SW Pacific
Bar-bellied Cuckoo- Coracina striata Campephagidae Common resident; Andamans,

shrike SE Asia, Sumatra,Borneo and
Phils.; flies over clearings and
between canopy ridges of forest
and second growth, up to around
2000m

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Pied Triller Lalage nigra Campephagidae Common resident; Common

throughout the Philippines;
usually in lowlands up to 1400m
but never in true forest
Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus Campephagidae Uncommon migrant; breeds in S
divaricatus Siberia, E China and Japan,
winters in Taiwan, SE Asia;
crowns of forest edge and
second growth
Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier Pycnonotidae Common resident; SE Asia;
found in gardens, cultivated
areas, scrub, early second
growth, but never in virgin forest.
Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes Pycnonotidae Common endemic; found in
philippinus forest and forest edge up to
2000m
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis Oriolidae Common resident; India east to
NE Asia, archipelagic SE Asia;
common in forest edge, second
growth, scrub, cultivated areas
and gardens
Large-billed Crow Corvus Corvidae Common resident; Iran to NE
macrorhynchos Asia, China, Taiwan, SE Asia;
frequents forest edge to open
country, coconut plantations and
edges of towns
Elegant Tit Parus elegans Paridae Common endemic; found in all
forest types at all elevations
White-browed Shama Copsychus Turdidae Common endemic; difficult to see
luzoniensis in forest undergrowth close to the
ground, usually below 1000m in
second growth and primary
forest
Golden-bellied Gerygone Sylviidae Locally common resident; Malay
Flyeater sulphurea Peninsula, Sumatra, Java,
Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi,
Borneo and Phils.; found in trees
in open country, residential
areas, second growth and
mangroves
Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus Sylviidae Common migrant; NE Eurasia
borealis and Alaska, winters in SE China,
SE Asia; usually found in
understory of forest, forest edge
and second growth
Tawny Grassbird Megalurus palustris Sylviidae Common resident; Lesser
Sundas to New Guinea and
Australia, Moluccas, Sulawesi
and Philippines; found in
grasslands, ricefields, marshy
areas and open country at any
altitude
Grey-backed Orthotomus Sylviidae Common endemic; found in
Tailorbird derbianus understory of forest, forest edge
and second growth
Grey-streaked Muscicapa Muscicapidae Common migrant; breeds in NE
Flycatcher griseisticta Asia, migrates in China, Japan,

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New Guinea, Moluccas,

Sulawesi, Borneo and Phils;
found in tops of trees in forest,
forest edge, second growth and
open areas
Mangrove Blue Cyornis rufigastra Muscicapidae Common resident; Malay
Flycatcher Peninsula, Sumatra, Java,
Sulawesi,Borneo and Phils;
prefers understory of open
scrubby country, disturbed forest,
forest edge and second growth
Blue-headed Fantail Rhipidura cyaniceps Muscicapidae Common endemic; found in
the understory up to 15m from
the ground in all forest types
Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea Muscicapidae Common resident; India to SE
China, Taiwan, SE Asia; found in
disturbed forest, forest edge, and
second growth in all stories
White-breasted Artamus Artamidae Common resident; Sumatra,
Wood-Swallow leucorynchus Java, Lesser Sundas to New
Guinea, Australia and SW
Pacific; found in forest edge,
clearings, open and cultivated
areas up to 1800m
Long-tailed Shrike Lanius Shach Laniidae Common resident; Iran to India,
China, Taiwan, SE Asia to New
Guinea; found in open country
and scrub, in drier areas, at all
elevations.
Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus Laniidae Common migrant; breeds in NE
Asia, winters to India, SE China,
SE Asia to New Guinea; found in
all habitats
Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis Nectrarinidae Common resident; SE Asia to
New Guinea, Australia, and SW
Pacific; found in second growth,
coconut plantations, scrub,
mangroves and gardens usually
below 1000m
Red-keeled Dicaeum australe Dicaeidae Common endemic; prefers
Flowerpecker canopy of forest, forest edge,
second growth, and shrubs in
open country
Lowland White-eye Zosterops meyeni Zosteropidae Common endemic; confined in
lowlands in forest, forest edge,
scrub, scrub, garden, and
cultivated areas
Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura Estrildidae Common resident; India and
punctulata Nepal to SW China, Taiwan, SE
Asia; found in ricefields,
grasslands, and open country
Philippine Serpent Spilornis holospilus Accipitridae Common resident; India to SE
Eagle China,Taiwan, Ryukyus, SE Asia
to Sumatra; soars above forest
and forest edge

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Plates 3-3 to 3-6 are some of the photos of birds taken from La Mesa Park.
Plate 3-3. Little heron Plate 3-4 Philippine serpent eagle
a b
Plate 3-5. White eared brown dove Plate 3-6. (a) White Collared king fisher; (b) Philippine pygmy
Woodpecker
(photos by Orlee Ninon: http://www.pbase.com/liquidstone/image
3.2.2 Vegetation Along the Distribution Network
Metro Manila is a heavily built-up and densely populated urban metropolis. The network of primary,
secondary and tertiary lines will be underlying the city roads and ROW within the concession area of
MWSI. Typical of an urban environment, vegetation is concentrated in parks and some pocket
gardens along highways and roads. Similarly, wildlife is found secluded in zoos or mini-wildlife
sanctuaries inside city parks.
Vegetation along the pipeline network is composed of trees lined along major thoroughfares as part of
urban landscaping (Plates 3-7). Along ROW of the primary lines that stretches in the Northern
Business Center, vegetation ranged from bamboos, tree shades, patches of banana, shrubs and
grasses. Plates 3-8 to 3-11 show the typical vegetation along the route of the pipeline network.

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Plate 3-7. Acacia trees lined along the Coastal Road Express Way and the Daang Hari Road in the South Business
Area are common urban landscaping plant species.
Plate 3-8. Vegetation along the ROW includes coconuts and bamboo.
Plate 3-9. Portions of the ROW in North Fairview, Quezon City are planted with bananas and cassava, others converted to
backyard gardens.

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Plate 3-10. Lush shrubs and small trees are found along portions of the ROW that is not yet inhabited by informal
settlers (left photo), while some portions are cleared and erected with shanties (Right photo).
Plate 3-11. Vegetation at the South Business Area is very limited. Single shade trees are seen along the proposed
route of the primary line in Muntinlupa.
3.2.3 Flora and Fauna in the Proposed Reservoir in New Bilibid Prison Compound,
Muntinlupa
The proposed location of the reservoir has a gently rolling terrain covered with talahib (Plates 3-12
and 3-13). The two-hectare property is bounded by a concrete road to the southwest and by the
BCGS Magnetic Observatory of NAMRIA in the northeast. A creek is found about 150m southeast
from the property boundary.

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Plate 3-12.The proposed location has a gently rolling terrain. Vegetation is mostly talahib and patches of small
shrubs.
Plate 3-13. The concrete road delineating the southeast boundary of the proposed property. Talahib are being planted
in the vicinity of the proposed site and used as raw material for handicrafts.
A total of 15 avian fauna were recorded in the New Bilibid Prison area from the Birdwatch website
(http\\:www.BirdWatch.ph). Most of them are common to fairly common and are typical of parang-
grassland vegetation, which is the dominant vegetation in the area. Table 3-15 list the species of birds
recorded in the area, their ecological status and distribution.
Table 3-15. List of bird species recorded in the vicinity of the New Bilibid Prison
Common Name Scientific Name Family Ecological

Status/Distribution
Pied Triller Lalage thriller Campephagidae Common resident;
Nicobars, Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra,
Java, Sulawesi, Borneo
and Phils; found in
gardens, open areas,
mangroves and scrub,
never in true forest

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Status/Distribution
Bright-capped Cisticola Cristocola exilis Sylviidae Common resident;
India to S China,
Taiwan, SE Asia
(except Malay
Peninsula), Sumatra,
Java, Lesser Sundas to
New Guinea and
Australia and SW
Pacific; common in
drier upland grassy
areas and fields, may
also be found in
ricefields
Lowland White-eye Zosterops meyeni Zosteropidae Common endemic;
confined to the
lowlands in forest,
forest edge, scrub,
gardens and cultivated
areas
Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Common resident;
India to S China,
Taiwan, S through SE
Asia; found in
grassland and open
country, almost never
in forest and even
forest edge
Pied Fantail Rhipidura javanica Muscicapidae Common resident;
Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo
and Phils; found in
parks, residential
areas, early second
growth, bamboo
thickets and
mangroves.
Yellow-Vented Bulbul Pcynonotus goiavier Pycnonotidae Common resident; SE
Asia, Sumatra, Java,
Sulawesi, Borneo and
Phils.; found in
gardens, cultivated
areas, scrub, early
second growth, but
never in virgin forest
Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae Common resident; Iran
to India, China, Taiwan,
SE Asia to New
Guinea; in open
country and scrub
Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Ploceidae Common resident;
Eurasia, China,
Taiwan, Ryukyus, SE
Asia, Sumatra and
Java; found in

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Status/Distribution
association with human
in cities, towns and
cultivated areas
Zebra Dove Geopelia striata Columbidae Common resident; SE
Asia to Australia; seen
on the ground, in open
country, cultivated
areas, and grounds
Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos maculatus Picidae Common endemic;
found in forest and
mixed cultivation up to
2500m
Striated Grassbird Megalus palustris Sylviidae Common resident;
India to S China, SE
Asia; found in
grasslands, ricefields,
marshy areas and open
country at any altitude
Black-crowned Night Nycticorax nycticorax Ardeidae Uncommon migrant;
Heron worldwide, except for
part of S America and
from Moluccas through
new Guinea to
Australia and NZ;
roosts in trees near
water during the day
and flies in variety of
wetlands at twilight
Pygmy Flowerpecker Dicaeum pygmaeum Dicaeidae Common endemic;
found in forest and
forest edge, and
second growth, in
fruiting and flowering
trees
Lemon-throated Leaf Phylloscopus cubuensis Sylviidae Common endemic;
Warbler found in forest and
forest edge from
lowlands to 1800m
Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Turdidae Uncommon resident;
Pakistan, India to S
China, SE Asia; found
in all levels of second
growth forest,
cultivated areas, scrub
and bamboo thickets

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3.3 Socio-cultural, Economic and Political Environment
3.3.1 Political/Institutional Set-Up

The socio-economic and political environment consists of a complex mix of conditions typical of highly
urbanized areas with various tiers of government. There are general-purpose authorities like the city
and municipal governments. There are also more specialized bodies like the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority (MMDA) and the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), whose
mandates are more limited in scope. The Project encompasses not only the majority of the western
section of Metro Manila but also includes the northern parts of Cavite Province. The Project has to
deal with 11 cities and their constituent barangays in Metro Manila, apart from the MMDA itself, and
five towns and one city and their corresponding barangays in Cavite, not to mention the provincial
government. On top of these are the subdivision owners and developers, homeowners’associations
of gated neighborhoods and neighborhood associations of urban poor and other communities. There
are also local organizations of claimants to lands whose ownership is being disputed. Findings
gathered from the Consultant’ s fieldwork point to the existence of professional squatting syndicates or
such similar organizations that are claiming land, adjacent to or on which, the pipelines or facilities are
envisioned to traverse or to be located, such as in the proposed Muntinlupa Reservoir. The web of
administrative, political, local official and non-official institutions inevitably has implications on the
political risks the Project has to manage and will have to reckon with.
3.3.2 Land Use

Each local jurisdiction has its own land-use plan. Close to half (48%) of lands in the West Zone
concession is utilized for residential purposes. Water supply services focus on the residential and
industrial lands comprising 56% of total land area. Land-use data for the concession area are based
on planning documents of the various localities.1 Land-use includes six categories and comprises the
following:
Table 3-16. Land use Categories within the MWSI Concession Area
Land Use Categories % Area Coverage

1. Residential 48
2. Commercial 8
3. Industrial 10
4. Institutional 5
5. Open Spaces 16
6. Others 13
Total 100
The above land-uses encompass approximately 63,839 ha. It is projected that the pace of expansion
of residential lands will not be as significant as lands for commercial and industrial use. This scenario
was considered in projecting for future water demand in MWSI s service areas. A general observation
of land-use plans, not only in Metro Manila but also elsewhere ’ in the Philippines, is the absence of
explicit provisions restricting any development on right-of-way (ROW) spaces other than what these
are intended for. This observation is all the more true when it comes to enforcing rights of holders of
ROW spaces. In the case of the Project, for example, it was discovered that ROW spaces of MWSS
infrastructure, particularly pipelines, partake of the character of private property, since these (ROW
spaces) are titled to MWSS. Continued occupation and encroachment over the years, in not a few
instances in the last 20 years, by semi-permanent and permanent structures has raised the
expectations of occupants to think that their intrusion and occupation have taken the character of
1Mainly Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) and Socio-Economic Profiles; these documents, however have various base
years ranging from 1999 to 2004.

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legitimacy or at least condonation. Any move to clear ROW spaces partially or wholly would involve
appropriate compensation and/or relocation. No permanent change in land-use or streetscapes is
envisioned in the project sites; any change, for example, in connection with diggings that would mar
streetscapes will be temporary. The original features of the streetscape will, at the very least, be
restored or even enhanced.
3.3.3 Population/Informal Settlements

Population in the concession area continues to grow at varying rates for each city/municipality
expanding to the northern and southern fringes. Demographic data pertaining to 1995 - 2000 tend to
confirm the view that growth in the traditionally dense localities of Manila, Makati, Pasay, Malabon and
Muntinlupa appears to have peaked, while those (e.g., Paranaque and Valenzuela respectively in the
south and the north, and the Cavite municipalities/city) at the edge remains positive, largely because
of migration from within and outside the metropolis. In 20 years, population in the concession area is
envisioned to expand to 9.5 million from a base of 7.8 million. The type of migrants will have
implications on the milieu of potential consumers MWSI would have to deal with. Data from the
Consultant’ s fieldwork suggest that“ informal settlements”, as in the case of the Tala area, are
relatively new, some as recent as 20 or less years. Migrants from the provinces who through the years
have raised families and invested on and built dwelling units of semi-permanent and permanent
materials inhabit these settlements. Because the lands of these settlements are being claimed or
contested, there is an apprehension to provide poor communities with more permanent infrastructure
like water pipelines.
3.3.4 Socio-economic Milieu/Service Levels

The socio-economic milieu of the service area features a range of income classes. Data from a survey
conducted for the feasibility study of the Water Supply Services Recovery Project in 2004 covering the
concession area indicate that those in the middle income category ranges from 29% to 55% of the
local (city or town) population; low-income, 5% to 24%; and blighted, 0-10%. In combination, the low-
income and blighted could easily constitute 6% to 33% depending on the municipality/city. Those in
the high-income category comprise 14% to 57%. (Table 3-17). The data from the same study also
suggest that areas that are generally low income and blighted tend to be the same ones where service
levels are poor as exhibited by sections of Quezon City, Caloocan, Malabon and much of Manila. 2
These poor levels of service are starkly manifested in such instances as short water rationing hours,
long queues at public faucets, and, more pervasively, the high cost of purchasing water from truck
deliveries as compared to subscribing to MWSI. In some gated communities, the pumping cost is
added to the cost of water. The feasibility study, for example, cites that:
· One-half of the service area’s 8 million population receives unsatisfactory service

· One-fourth of the 8 million are not connected to the MWSI system
· An estimated 3 million inhabitants do not get 24-hour water service; and
· Low pressures (less than 7psi, considered unacceptable) afflict about 3 million
That these poor service levels mostly occur in low income and blighted communities exacerbates the
poverty that families have to contend with daily. A comparison of MWSI water rates with expenses on
water purchased from vendors show the potential savings that could result if families are subscribed to
the former. Such savings would allow families to divert money to other pressing needs and thereby
improve their quality of life.
2 Feasibility Study: Water Supply Services Recovery Project (Development Support for MWSS Financial Rehabilitation)

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Table 3-17. Income Categories of Served Population
Municipality Income Category (%) Projected Served Population 2004

High Middle Low Blighted Total High Middle Low Blighted Total
Manila 36 47 14 3 100 524,032 683,536 185,617 48,670 1,441,856
Quezon City
45 45 9 1 100 581,888 586,590 121,382 10,271 1,300,131
Makati 57 37 6 0 100 32,878 21,483 3,249 277 57,887
Pasay 37 52 10 1 100 137,786 193,586 33,878 4,331 369,581
Caloocan 24 55 17 4 100 181,533 413,348 129,583 28,897 753,360
Las Pinas 52 42 5 1 100 93,821 74,320 9,722 930 178,794
Malabon 15 55 24 6 100 54,057 195,437 83,560 20,115 353,169
Muntinglupa 32 49 14 5 100 56,206 87,034 24,421 8,295 175,956
Navotas 14 52 23 10 100 25,931 94,172 41,601 17,752 179,455
Paranaque 37 54 9 0 100 179,308 263,279 45,660 0 488,247
Valenzuela 26 55 17 2 100 94,805 201,324 66,847 5,665 368,640
Cavite City 52 29 14 4 100 52,670 29,633 14,431 3,747 100,482
Bacoor 28 55 16 1 100 28,755 55,323 15,394 1,513 100,985
Imus 52 29 15 4 100 11,522 6,483 3,157 820 21,982
Kawit 52 29 15 4 100 29,066 16,353 7,964 2,068 55,450
Noveleta 52 29 15 4 100 6,837 3,846 1,873 486 13,042
Rosario 52 29 15 4 100 12,354 6,951 3,385 879 23,569
Source: Feasibility Study: Water Supply Services Recovery Project,2006

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4.0 Environmental Performance

This section summarizes the performance of MWSI in terms of its environmental compliance as well
as other corporate activities that promote social responsiveness.
4.1 Environmental Compliance

4.1.1 ECC/CNC Applications
The MWSI is committed to comply with all government regulations and requirements. A number of
ECCs and CNCs were issued to MWSI for various projects namely NRW Reduction CAPEX Program
Project, Pipe Replacement and Decommissioning Projects, Pipelaying, Pipe Rerouting and
Interconnection Projects, among others (Table 4-1).
MWSI has religiously complied with the conditions of its ECCs and CNCs. It has not been issued by
the DENR any warnings or notices of violations, nor received any public complaints on
noncompliance to its ECCs/CNCs.
Table 4-1. Some of MWSI projects that were issued an ECC and CNC
Title/Name of Project Type of Date Issued Status

Clearance/
Certificate
Pipe Replacement in Cavite City ECC 24 Jan 2001 Deferred
APS-4 (Sacred Heart Pump Station) CNC 01 Feb 2001 No NTP used
NRW Projects at Lower Caloocan ECC 22 Mar 2001 Deferred
DS 5A and DS 5B ECC 22 Mar 2001 Completed
Payatas Project CNC 08 Jan 2002 Completed
NC-05 COP 005-01 CNC 24 Jan 2002 Completed
Raising an existing Steel Pipe at Polo CNC 01 February Completed
Bridge, Valenzuela 2002
Rehabilitation and upgrading of Dagat CNC 01 February Completed
Pumping Station and Sewage 2002
Treatment Plant
Cross Border Project ECC 09 April 2002 Completed
Pipe Closure Project CNC 13 August 2002 Completed
Business Area Boundary Points CNC 13 August 2002 Completed
Valve Insertion Project CNC 08 Oct 2002 Completed
Pipelaying in Mapayapa Village and CNC 22 Oct 2002 Completed
Pipe Interconnection, Commonwealth
Avenue
Lower Caloocan Pipelaying Works CNC 19 Feb 2003 Completed
Project
Pipelaying and interconnection Project CNC 03 Mar 2003 Completed
along Santolan De Guzman and Brgy.
Parada, Valenzuela
Decommissioning of old and CNC 03 Mar 2003 Completed
unserviceable Pipeline
Pipe Replacement and CNC 03 Mar 2003 Completed
Decommissioning Project along Sauyo
Rd. Bagbag QC

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NRW Reduction CAPEX Program CNC 06 March 2003 Completed

Lower Caloocan Pipelaying Works CNC 19 Mar 2003 Completed
Pipe Interconnection Project along CNC 13 August 2003 Completed
EDSA cor Roosevelt Ave.
Various looping/interconnection Project CNC 02 October Completed
in Lower Caloocan 2003
Water Supply Improvement and CNC 22 Oct 2003 Completed
Expansion Project at Silverio and
Buensuceso Homes
4.1.2 Environmental Monitoring Activities
MWSI conducts regular monitoring of water quality at the water supply sources, water treatment facility
and at the distribution network. At the water supply sources, monitoring is conducted at the Angat
Dam, Ipo Basin and Bicti. Samples are usually taken during the dry season (March and May) and
rainy season (August -October), but more frequent sampling is conducted when water variability is
high. In areas where groundwater is used, water sampling is also conducted. Sampling is done before
chlorination is conducted.
Sampling at the water treatment facility is conducted daily at the raw water inlet and at the clean water
outlet of each treatment plant. The data are assessed using the prescribed criteria for Class A water.
The water complies with the said criteria as shown by the latest data (Annex 4-1).
Water at the distribution network is also monitored for its compliance to the PNSDW (Philippine
National Standards for Drinking Water). There are 700 monitoring stations scattered all over the
concession area, usually located at public places such as schools, health centers, hospitals, barangay
halls and local government offices. The water samples are taken at the customer s service line tapped
to at least 100mm diameter line. Sampling is a monthly multi-sectoral activity ’enjoined by the Local
Government Units/Department of Health, Representative of MWSS-RO and MWSI. The latest data
indicate that the PNSDW are complied with.
The discharge points of the two water treatment plants are also monitored to comply with DAO 90-35
while the La Mesa Creek and the Tullahan river, which are the immediate water body receptors to the
plant, are also surveyed for their compliance to DAO 90-34. Frequency of water sampling is weekly.
For the period covered by the presented data, the analytical results showed exceedances to the
Effluent Standards. These exceedances are pronounced in LP2 where elevated TSS and COD levels
were consistently recorded. BOD and oil/grease levels also exceed standards in most of the
monitoring periods. The oil/grease possibly were incorporated with the sludge during transport from
the clarifiers to the sludge chamber. The concentration of coliform in the discharge of both plants are
very low and do not exceed the maximum allowable limit. The samples from the La Mesa Creek
registered levels that clearly reflected the quality of the discharge water from LP2. Using station
LMC1 (La Mesa Creek, upstream of the LP2 discharge point) as a control, it was shown that the
discharge significantly affected the TSS, COD and oil/grease levels in the creek. This scenario will be
stopped only if the sludge generated from the plant operation is contained. Other than siltation in the
creek due to high TSS in discharges from the plants, there are no other perceived significant effects to
the surface water as the wastewater is expected to contain only sediments. With either full
containment of the sludge and/or discharge of adequately treated overflows, the elevated levels are
expected to be significantly decreased and meet the prescribed criteria.

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4.2 MWSI Corporate Social Responsibility
The major corporate social responsibility (CSR) program of MWSI is extending water services to poor
communities, which include the following:
4.2.1 The Bayan Tubig Program
The Bayan Tubig Program which was instituted in 1999 aimed at providing affordable potable water to
low income and depressed communities. Residents in these areas used to get their water from
communal faucets or from water vendors while paying excessively high rates. Some even resort to
illegal tapping to the MWSI pipelines. Through this Bayan Tubig scheme, households were given a
steady water supply at a strong pressure in their respective homes with their own water meters. The
program was designed to be affordable and offers easy terms. Under the program, the usual
requirements such as the presentation of property rights, land titles, and transfer certificates are
waived. Customers can apply for a service connection by paying a minimum installation cost which
was made even more affordable through installment at 6 to 12 months. Applications are processed
on site through a Maynilad Water Representative. Aside from making water affordable, the Bayan
Tubig program discourages illegal connections by making the users of Maynilad Water users as
legitimate customers. Illegal connections result in water waste due to water leaks and can promote
contamination due to seepage whenever water pressure is low.
As of July 2005, almost 800,000 people have benefited from the project (Plate 4-1).
Plate 4-1. The Bayan Tubig Program delivers safe and affordable water to blighted communities thru individual Water
Service Connections.
Aside from providing water to these communities, enhancement programs spring from the Bayan
Tubig project, which include:
· Bayan microfinance to provide livelihood projects( i.e., Appliance repair shop, bakery shop,
eatery etc.);
· Kolekta para sa Bayan Tubig - delivery of bills and collection which provide 100% collection
efficiency
· Botica ng Bayan- provides affordable medical and health products

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4.2.2 Bayan Tubig Bayanihan / “Patubig ni Gloria”Project
The Bayan Tubig Bayanihan/”Patubig ni Gloria” Project started in 1999. This program is a joint
undertaking of MWSS, MMDA, PAGCOR, MWSI and MWC with the same objectives as Bayan Tubig.
Initiated in late 2004, the project is envisioned to benefit 4,000 households in 300 communities. The
project involves community equity in the form of labor with MWSI providing the pipes and equipment
and construction supervision. Water bills of beneficiary households have been reduced while also
addressing the problem of NRW.
The project provided individual household service connection for the delivery of safe and affordable
water in urban poor communities, particularly the following:
· Malabon: Paradise Village Phases I and II in Tonsuya, Concepcion, Catmon, Daang Bakal,
Melon, Chesa, Duhat and Sitio Rosal;
· Novaliches: Tarhataville, Sauyo, Campo II, Pamana, Sitio Mabuhay, Mayana Compound and
Bagong Tuklas;
· Sampaloc: Quintina Extension;
· Tondo: Samatima, Parola Compound, Happyland;
· Quezon City: Veterans’Village, and Dona Juana Village
4.2.3 Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project
The Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project involves 11 barangays (Barangays 96 to 106) in Tondo
benefitting approximately 6,500 households comprising 46,000 residents. The water delivery system in
Tondo was improved. Old, leaky pipes, meters, valves, service connections and other facilities dating
as far back as the early 1980s were replaced and upgraded. The project applied an innovative
scheme: instead of digging deep trenches, pipes were laid and embedded in cement at almost ground
level virtually making these part of the sidewalk or gutter. These temporary facilities“ ( tempfacil”) were
quickly installed and did not hamper too much pedestrian or vehicular traffic. This project was
eventually replicated to cover the entire Tondo and also other areas of the West Zone thereby
providing clean, affordable and reliable water supply. The approach of the project was found to be
responsive to areas with old waterwork system and in light with the limited capital expenditure budget
of MWSI. The Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project was initiated in December 2004.
The above programs will be replicated in other areas as continuing corporate social responsibility
initiatives.
4.3 Best Safety Practices
Maynilad Water is committed to excellence and leadership in the protection of the environment and in
the promotion of health and safety in the workplace. Its safety code is anchored on the following:
· Recognition of safety as one of the highest corporate priorities;
· Adoption of safety performance as an integral part of business management;
· Incorporation of all safety consideration at the earliest stages of any project development;
· Demonstration of responsible corporate citizenship by adhering to all safety regulations and
laws and anticipation of charges thereof; and
· Assurance that all its operations comply with established international guidelines and
requirements on safety.
Their safety program includes the development of standards/protocols in the workplace, foremost
consideration of project, site and traffic safety, strict imposition of penalties on violators and conduct of

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trainings and seminars for contractors. Plates 4-2 to 4-4 show Maynilad Water and its contractors
during the conduct of their work and how they integrate safety in the performance of their duties.
Plate 4-2. Proper signages and wearing of PPE’s are observed during cutting/breaking and pipe laying works.
Plate 4-3. Traffic Management (left photo) and safety patrol team doing monitoring of ongoing works.
Plate 4-4. Use of appropriate gear in doing works under confined space works (reservoir and tunnels)

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Plate 4-5. Trainings and seminars given to employees and subcontractors include Safety Orientation, Basic
Occupational Safety & Health Training and proper use of PPE’s, among others.
To further encourage both employees and contractors to observe safety at all times Maynilad
sponsors the MWSI GAWAD KALIGTASAN AT KALUSUGAN Award (Plate 4-6). The GKK Award is
in recognition to outstanding achievements by Operating Units, Projects, or Individuals in promoting
safety and health of workers and the workplace.
Plate 4-6. The MWSI Gawad Kalikasan at Kalusugan Award
4.4 EMS 14001 Certification
As an environmental performance initiative, Maynilad Water has newly accredited two of its facilities
namely the Operations and Maintenance Department of Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa to ISO
9001 and the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Facility to ISO 9001 and 14001 (Plate

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4-7). This series of international standards provides a framework for the development of an
environmental management system and the supporting audit programme.
The Operations and Maintenance Department of the Water Treatment Plants was audited on 26 and
27 September 2006 while the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Plant was audited on
29 September 2006 by TUV Sud and received its ISO certification on 17 October 2006 for both
facilities. With this certification is the commitment for continual improvement of the facilities’operation
in accordance with the established Environmental Management System (EMS).
Plate 4-7. The ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certificates issued by TUV SUD to two of MWSI’ facilities
4.5 Awards Received
Maynilad Water has gone beyond the business of providing water services, by extending its corporate
social responsibility into quality environmental performance, among others. The awards received by
Maynilad Water include:
· Award for Public Responsibility: The “Asset from Waste”Project
The “Asset from Waste”Project which involve the conversion of septage and biosolids into cheaper
alternative fertilizers met environmental safeguards and regulations requirements. The alternative
fertilizer was applied in lahar areas in Pampanga and Tarlac. This earned the Lopez Achievement
Award on 6 March 2006,

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· The Lopez Achievement Award for Bayan Tubig Project
Awarded in February 2003, the project improved the quality of life of urban poor communities through
provision of water. This project addressed corporate concerns such as expansion of service
coverage, environmental protection, public health, safety and illegal connections.
· The President's Award for Environment, Safety and Health Management Assessment and
Rating System (MARS) 2B.
This award highlights the commitment of Maynilad to preserve environmental programs which are
aimed not only in maintaining its current compliance on all statutory requirements and industry
standards on all ESH concerns but also in achieving continuous improvement on its overall corporate
ESH performance. This award was given on 15 August 2003.
4.6 Performance Indicators
From the 4.3 M population served in 1997, Maynilad Water currently provides water services for 6M
thereby increasing its coverage from 66% to 86%. Table 4-2 summarizes the service performance of
Maynilad Water from 1997 to 2005.
Table 4-2. Performance Indicators
SERVICE INDICATOR 1997 2005

Population Served (Millions) 4.3 6.0
Water Coverage 66% 86%
Water Availability (hours) 18
Water Pressure (psi) 7
Number of water service 449,431 624, 299
connections
Annual Average Water 1,900 2168
Production (MLD)
Sewer Connection 14% (67,696 connections)

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5.0 Description of Impacts and Mitigating Measures

5.1 Rehabilitation of the Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa
5.1.1 Pre-construction/Construction Phase

Vegetation and Wildlife
Impact
The impact to the site ’s biodiversity will be minimal because most of the plants within the lagoon area
are common (ipil-ipil, acacia) and resilient (grasses). Vegetation is also sparse, thus, clearing will not
result to significant reduction of carbon sink or carbon sequestration.
Wildlife species (soil-inhabiting and plant dependent) may also be temporarily disturbed. However, the
wildlife species normally seek shelter in nearby vegetation.
Mitigation
Vegetative clearing will be limited to the lagoons. Existing access roads will be used as much as
possible. Vegetation buffer will be maintained around the work site for disturbed wildlife.
Water Quality and Sedimentation

Impact
Excavation/dredging of sludge may result to an increase in suspended sediments draining to La Mesa
and further to Tullahan River.
Mitigation
Drainage canals will be provided to facilitate proper runoff flow. Dredged soil will be compacted prior
to transport to prevent dust escape.
Impact
Used oils or fuel, as well as oils from washings of machinery and heavy equipment may be
accidentally spilled in the soils and may be carried by run-off to La Mesa Creek, further increasing the
background oil/grease levels in the creek.
Mitigation
Used oil will be stored in properly labelled drums prior to the collection of a designated contractor for
waste oil disposal. Temporary motorpools will also be bunded to contain accidental oil leaks.
Use of dredged sludge

The sludge lagoons cover a cumulative area of 5 hectares with an average depth of 4 meters. The
accumulated sludge is approximately 2,000 m3.
Impact
Should the dredged sludge be applied to lahar areas (e.g. to increase the water-holding capacity of
the soils [as recommended in the feasibility study]), there is a possibility that the alum in the sludge
may pose a risk to the soils and water quality (groundwater and surface water).

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Mitigation
Any intention to use the dredged sludge in agricultural areas will be preceded by a feasibility study
based on the results of sludge geochemical analyses to determine the compatibility and environmental
safety of the option to the soils, plants and both groundwater and surface waters.
Impact
Should the sludge be used as backfill material in quarries and/or land development projects or as
admixture in cements or concrete, presence of significant amount of expanding clays in the sludge
may cause differential settling when loaded. Stability of the foundation will be compromised as the
differential settling may lead to structural collapse.
Mitigation
A thorough examination of the physical and chemical properties of the sludge will be conducted to
determine its appropriate usage. If expanding clay species are present in considerable amount, the
sludge will not be used as foundation materials.
Air Quality and Noise

Impact
Emissions from haul trucks, backhoes and bulldozers increase SO 2 and NOx levels. The increased
traffic caused by the haul trucks may also generate TSP during their travel to and from La Mesa.
Noise generated by the activity of the equipment may disturb some wildlife and cause nuisance to
visitors of La Mesa Ecopark.
Mitigation
Sub-contractors will be required to undergo and pass the government emission tests prior to contract
award.
Traffic management guidelines will be posted along transport routes and around work areas,
particularly those near Ecopark active sites for ecotours. Guidelines will include control in vehicle
speed and spraying of road routes and work sites as necessary to keep dust emissions to within
acceptable levels. Vegetation in the area will also be maintained to serve as buffer for noise and for
windblown particles.
Water Supply/Socioeconomics
Impact
The proposed improvement in the operation of the clarifiers and filters of LP1 will involve removal of
existing components and installation of new ones. This activity will inevitably cause service
interruption. The rehabilitation in LP2 is focused on the filter media and on the automation of controls
and will likewise entails disruption of the operation as the new filter components are emplaced.
Activating and testing of the newly installed system may also require additional non-operational time.
Mitigation
If practical, rehabilitation of the clarifier and filter systems will not be conducted simultaneously to
avoid total disruption of the water treatment process. Timely and proper information dissemination of
the upcoming repair works will enable the affected communities to prepare for the water supply
interruption. Planning for the timing of program implementation will also consider the social factors
affecting water demand (i.e. school breaks, rush hour). Activities will be properly coordinated with the
LGUs to prepare and provide for adequate logistical support to MWSI in the rationing of alternative
water supply during long disruptions.

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Occupational health and safety

Impact
Backhoes and bulldozers will be used to excavate the sludge face the risk of sinking and
submergence in unstable portions of the lagoons. Since 1982, the lagoons had never been desilted.
Incomplete information on the sludge lagoons’stability, sludge depth and composition may expose the
workers and their heavy equipment to both physical and chemical risks.
Mitigation
Prior to any excavation the stability of the lagoon as well as the composition and depth of the sludge
will be assessed to determine the appropriate de-sludging and sludge disposal methods to be used.
Corresponding safety measures will be put in place and personal protective equipment will be
provided.
5.1.2 Operational Phase

Impact
The operation of the newly de-sludged lagoons in LP1 and the new sludge lagoon for LP2 has a
significantly positive impact in terms of water quality and sedimentation. The de-sludged lagoons will
be instrumental in decreasing the suspended solids that are released to the la Mesa Creek and
consequently lessen the contribution to siltation of Tullahan River.
Enhancement
This positive impact will be sustained by installing a lagoon management system as well as sludge
reduction system. One recommendation is the sequential filling up of the compartments to allow
optimum drying of sludge. Other recommendations include:
· providing a sludge drying bed where the clarifier sludge can be piped and dried
· reduce sludge volume by reducing the supernatant through efficient water recovery during
filter and clarifier cleaning
· making separate provisions for the recovery of filter backwash and from the clarifier
Generation of Wastewater
Impact
The rehabilitation may increase water production from 2,400 MLD to 2,790 MLD. Assuming 80% of
the water production would translate into wastewater, about 1,920 ML to 2,320ML wastewater may be
generated everyday that need to treated.
Mitigation
MWSI is committed to provide sewer system to its concession area. Currently, they have the
Dagatdagatan Septage and Sewerage Treatment Facilities that has a capacity of 2 x 250cum/day.
Other sewerage systems are under their pipeline projects.
Socio-economics
Impacts
The increase in water production will provide a longer supply window.
Enhancement
Conduct of IEC on household water management and conservation.

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5.2 Rehabilitation of the Distribution System and Pumping Stations

5.2.1 Pre-construction Phase
Social Preparation
Impacts
The major pre-construction impact pertains to the apprehensions of local and official stakeholders
about the inconvenience construction activities would cause the public (road users, residents and
business establishments) when the pipelines are laid. Such a situation engenders a feeling of
uncertainty about the future and could put plans and impending projects of local governments on hold
as was expressed in the Official Stakeholders’Forum. Local businessmen especially those with street-
level storefront establishments may be discouraged to make medium to long term plans and
investments because fears of disruption of their business operations because of street diggings. While
basically perceptual, fears and apprehensions could be expressed in very concrete behavioral
attitudes such as opposition and even possible hostility to the project. The source of this hostility could
likely stem from owners of structures who perceive that they might be displaced from the ROW spaces
they occupy. These potentially hostile parties could include a broad spectrum of building owners,
homeowners, urban poor residents, subdivision owners and developers, businessmen, and their
political allies in local government and non-governmental organizations.
Mitigation
MWSI will undertake an intensive, deliberate and stakeholder-focused and community-based
information, education and communication (IEC) campaign to apprise affected parties of the features,
risks and benefits of the Project. Such campaign will be carried out with local authorities and
concerned organizations. A major consideration of the IEC campaign is to acquaint community
residents of the nature and character of the Project that at least should help them make informed
opinions and judgments. The IEC campaign will also lessen the “fear of the unknown”including the
feeling of uncertainty that usually is the source of apprehensions, opposition and hostility.
In addition, appropriate clearances and permits will be secured prior to any diggings. In this way,
proper authorities will be informed of the upcoming construction activities. They in turn will likewise
notify their constituency for possible disruption of their everyday routines. The following permits (if
applicable) will be secured prior to digging:
· Excavation Permit from the DPWH
· Traffic Clearance and Excavation Permit from MMDA
· Excavation Permit from the Municipal Mayor ’s Office
Clearing of Vegetation
Impacts
Clearing of vegetation or crops will be inevitable but is limited to the ROW only, since most of the
pipes are underlying the city roads.
Mitigation
The ROW was designed as such and clearing and diggings are expected to take place. The social
preparation activities will tackle proper coordination with those who are tending the backyard gardens.
Based on the rapid assessment of vegetation along the route of the primary pipelines, plants are
composed of shrubs, small trees and some vegetable gardens. These are common species and are
found anywhere in the country.

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Solid Wastes
Impacts
Prior to digging activities, possible demolition of existing structures along the ROW will generate
debris.
Mitigation
Proper waste disposal and good housekeeping are provisions under the MWSI Environmental
Management and Safety Code (EMS Code). All of the pipeline rehabilitation component of the project
will be sub-contracted such that proper orientation to the Contractor’ s employees will be a Standard
Operating Procedure before any work is carried out. All the provisions in the EMS Code will form part
of the subcontractor’ s contract. Waste segregation and recycling will be done where scrap materials
may either be re-used or sold as well.
5.2.2 Construction Phase

During construction, activities will include drilling, clearing and excavations and replacing and laying
out of new pipelines, upgrading of pump stations and other facilities.
Water Quality .
Impacts
Excavation works will induce erosion/siltation and may clog waterways. Clogging of waterways may
result to flooding during rainy season. Excavation can also cause mud pools and localized water
poundings and flooding.
Mitigation
MWSI has a sound Construction and Safety Guidelines under their EMS Code. Maintenance and
cleanliness in the workplace will be strictly observed. Construction materials whether excavated or not
will be stored properly and prevented from causing to roll, flow or being washed away. Water from
excavations will be discharged to the nearest gutters and canals. Drainage pipes and canals will be
properly maintained and unclogged during the duration of the construction.
Provision of erosion control measures, when necessary will also be employed.
Oil and Degreasers Spillage

Impacts
Spillage or improper disposal of degreasers and cleaning solutions can impact waterways.
Mitigation
A central storage/parking for all construction equipment and vehicle will be required from the
subcontractor. This will be located in the most appropriate location in the project area, in such a way
that it does not affect excavation work and traffic flows at the same time containing any spillage during
maintenance work. A designated area for storage/containment of used and unused oils and
degreasers will be allocated, preferably with proper flooring and ring canal, to prevent soil and
waterway contamination. Used oils will also be dispensed in a controlled manner.

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Construction Wastes/Excavated Soil

Impacts
Diggings would generate excavated soil that can cause dust emission and during dry windy days or
cause surrounding areas to be muddy during rainy days. This temporarily affects public health and
safety, water quality of affected waterways and adversely changing the streetscape with unsightly
views.
Mitigation
Good housekeeping will be strictly observed. Excavation will also be done by phases. Before another
section is excavated, the unearthed section will have been properly backfilled. Visual screens will be
installed where appropriate to lessen the impact of construction activities on streetscapes. Water
spraying will be done when necessary to keep dust emissions low. Excavated soil will also be re-used
as backfill materials. As in the Pre-construction Phase, these measures will form part of the
agreement between the contractors and MWSI.
Sewage
Impacts
Sewage from construction workers will increase.
Mitigation
Temporary toilets/portalets will be provided for construction workers.
Traffic Congestion
Impacts
Excavation and other construction activities may occupy portions of the road that may lead to
temporary road closure and traffic congestion.
Mitigation
Traffic permit and other related permits will be secured prior to any clearing/excavation works. A traffic
Management Plan will also be prepared with the approval of the local government and other
concerned agencies. The proposed traffic management plan will be in strict compliance with MMDA
Ordinance No.2, Series of 1991 and its implementing rules and guidelines. The Presidential Task
Force on Traffic Improvement and Management Resolution No. 99-01 - Guidelines for Road Works
and Traffic Management in Metro Manila, the Guidelines on Public Safety and recommendation of the
Police Authority will also be incorporated in the Plan. At the minimum, the following provisions will be
incorporated in the Traffic Management Plan:
· During excavation work along busy street, a traffic aide shall be manned to maintain the traffic
flow;
· Adequate barricades and warning signs shall be placed visibly to vehicles and pedestrians.
Steel plates shall be placed on open trenches and these will be lighted at night.
· Plan of re-routing (if necessary) should be approved by the local traffic management or
barangay.. Rerouting of vehicle will be announced with adequate leadtime through print and
broadcast media, and if available, thru cyber media for the public to be able to understand and
learn the rerouting plan.
For busy highways, work will be done during non-rush hours or at night time. As guarantee that the
above mitigation will be observed, these will form part of the agreement between subcontractors and
MWSI.

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Handling of Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes

Impacts
Pipelines made of AC are still being used and most of these AC pipelines need replacements as they
are almost 50 years old. Excavation and disposal of these AC pipes pose health hazards.
Mitigation
No new AC pipelines will be used in the project. The AC pipelines that will be possibly excavated will
be properly disposed of. Provisions of the DAO 2000-02 which is the Chemical Control Order (CCO)
for Asbestos will be strictly observed. The CCO is meant to control and regulate the use and disposal
of asbestos into the environment. It provides for the handling requirements, renovation, removal as
well as demolition requirements of asbestos/material containing asbestos. Any disposal will be
properly coordinated with proper authorities.
Occupational Health and Safety

Impacts
There will be the risk of accidents to workers and pedestrians.
Mitigation
The MWSI EMS Code embodies the safety measures in the workplace and strictly implements this
Code to their employees as well as sub-contractors. Provision of personal protective equipment to
workers which include ear mufflers, gloves and other safety apparels is an SOP. Fencing of the work
area, as long as practicable will also be done while informative warning signs, including danger signs
will be installed at strategic locations around the construction site.
Air Quality
Impacts
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and noise levels will increase in the construction area. Results of
the 2003 and 2004 real time monitoring for ail quality in Metro Manila being conducted by EMB-DENR
already exceeds the NAAQS limits for TSP. Construction works may further heighten TSP
concentrations, but this is temporary and within the construction areas only.
Mitigation
Watering of TSP sources will be done as necessary to lessen spread of dust. Hauling and
earthmoving equipment will be checked such that they are well maintained. Good housekeeping will
also be emphasized to workers.
Noise
Impacts
Increased noise will be felt especially when gensets are used in the various construction activities.
Mitigation
Genset will be provided with temporary housing or used during daytime only, particularly for
construction works in residential areas. Gensets will be regularly maintained. If work during night time
is unavoidable, proper coordination with affected residents/authorities will be done.
Odor
Impacts

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Digging of muck is expected to generate foul odor.
Mitigation
In areas where activities generates odor, these will be covered or enclosed. Odor control system will
also be used as practicable. Monitoring of odor will also be done while observing proper
housekeeping. PPE’ s will be provided to all workers as well. When necessary, wind bags may be
installed in areas suspected to have trapped gases so that workers will be guided where to go
(towards upwind) for fresh air.
Socioeconomics
Impacts
Disruption or inconvenience to pedestrians and vehicular traffic, community residents, and businesses
with street-level and storefront establishment is anticipated during diggings and pipelaying.
Some infrastructure programs of national agencies and local governments, especially those along, or
adjacent, the route of the pipeline may also be affected at least in terms of their timelines. The same
would also be true of construction work of private establishments within the same vicinity.
Mitigation
Inconvenience is temporary while long term benefit is foreseen. Proper coordination will ease up
tension among immediate affected residents and businesses. Proper signages will also help.
Construction will be phased and breaks/passageways left along the construction route/ROW to allow
people to do business even under a constrained environment. Continuous through limited access of
people to and from commercial and residential establishments is foreseen to lessen the
socioeconomic impacts of the construction phase of the project.
Coordination with the LGUs will be undertaken to explore the possibility of opening parking areas
along roads where some vehicle owners may be temporarily deprived of their parking areas in front of
their business establishments or residential areas.
Impacts
Displacement of informal settlers within the ROW is possible.
Mitigation
In the unlikely event of relocation, a protocol, the “Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Policy”(LARRP), that conforms to World Bank and Philippine Government guidelines is in place. The
LARRP sets out procedures and processes with respect to compensation and the physical transfer of
project-affected persons and families. ROW spaces are titled to MWSS and are indicated as such by
property markers. Compensation with respect to intrusions to MWSS-owned ROW spaces do not
cover land.
Job Opportunity
Enhancement
The labor requirement during construction will be limited to semi-skilled and skilled workers. Benefits
can only be realized in cases where affected communities can supply such workers. Workers will be
relatively mobile; no workers’encampment is envisioned along the routes of the proposed pipeline. If
the majority of the workers are sourced within the impact areas, then approximately 50% of their
earnings would be spent therein at least on food and other related items. Such expenditures could
potentially translate into 4 times business turnover the original expenditures.

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MWSI will require its contractors to show proof of effort that it has considered giving preference to
local hiring where qualified laborers are available.
5.2.3 Operation Phase
There are no perceived environmental impacts during the operation phase of the project except for
occasional diggings during maintenance works or repair works. Appropriate clearances will be
secured again if needed and proper coordination will be undertaken with the concerned LGUs and
affected residents and/or business establishments where work will be done.
Socioeconomics
Impacts
The immediate impact will be clean, affordable and regular water supply. This impact will translate to
higher service levels, particularly in terms of coverage, to households. There will be longer supply
windows that eventually would graduate to 24-hour water supply. Water pressure will likewise be
improved. NRW will be reduced thereby making water available to more households. Significant
savings will be generated especially in low-income and blighted communities when these are
subscribed to MWSI. These savings will be the direct result of lower water expenditures,
conservatively estimated at 50% less than current levels, and in many instances more. Such savings
could then be diverted to other pressing expenditures thereby improving the quality of life of the
population served. There will also be fewer incidences of water-borne diseases. Women and children
(especially those of school-age) will need less time and effort in fetching water. Children will have
more time to play and study, which activities are important to childhood development including
socialization.
Mitigation / Enhancement
A special schedule of water rates for low-income and blighted areas may be considered whereby
households are charged flat rate tariffs. Such measure not only will improve revenue collection but
also result to less effort in time and resources to catching comparatively small-time water theft. NRW
stemming from petty theft would also be reduced. More resources then could be directed to
apprehending big-time water-thieves. MWSI will extend its bahay Tubig and related programs to
ensure affordable, reliable and adequate water supply to its clients. To optimize benefits, IEC
campaigns will be undertaken on household water management including methods of storing water
safely and sanitarily.
5.3 Water Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa
The underground reservoir will have an estimated dimension of 75m x 75m x 6m. Thus surface are
occupied will be 5, 625 m3 or half a hectare. The volume of spoils will be about 33, 750 m3.
5.3.1 Pre-construction Phase

Impact
Site preparation requires vegetation clearing and borehole drilling for geotechnical analyses.
Considering that the vegetation in the area mainly consists of grasses and few bushes, impact is

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minimal. The movement of workers and machinery will affect the wildlife species inhabiting the area.
Most of the bird species observed are common to fairly common, and are deemed to be adaptable to
disturbed areas.
Mitigation
Disturbance of the vegetation and wildlife species is inevitable thus there is no recommended direct
mitigation. Clearing activities will be limited only in the project site.
Water Quality and Solid Waste

Impact
At this stage, fuel and lubricants from the motorized drill rigs used for borehole drilling are potential
source of oil/grease in the nearby stream. In streams, oil produces a film on the water surface that
may inhibit oxygenation of the water. Workers will also generate solid wastes that may be transported
to the affected creek.
Mitigation
If practicable, the maintenance works for all machinery and equipment will be concentrated in one
area. Drainage will be installed with ring canals. All petroleum and related products will be stored in
bunded areas to contain possible oil leaks. Proper waste management will be strictly imposed.

Impact
Drill rigs utilize small gasoline and diesel engines that generate exhaust emission. The movement of
the machinery also generate noise.
Mitigation
All equipment will undergo proper maintenance measures to ensure that these are working effectively
and will have minimal emissions.
Socio-economics
Impacts
Neighboring communities such as the subdivision near the proposed site will be curious as to what
kind of development would be taking place at New Bilibid. It is possible that residents of surrounding
communities might think that the proposed development would be a new correctional facility to
accommodate more inmates. Such a perception may increase their fears and anxiety of having to
reckon with the prospects of having more inmates near their neighborhoods. Any proposed
development in the vicinity would also affect land prices unless such a development is clarified
beforehand. Even if it is eventually known that the proposed site will accommodate a water reservoir,
safety issues may be raised and, if not properly clarified, these may be blown out of proportions
resulting to heightened levels of anxiety. The presence of organizations representing claimants to the
land of, or the lands adjacent, the proposed water reservoir could mobilize their memberships and
create an issue over ownership thereby posing an obstacle to the development of the site.
Mitigation
A deliberate IEC campaign will be undertaken by MWSI among various stakeholders, including the
surrounding communities, to explain the nature and character of the proposed development. Issues
regarding ownership of the land as well as the use of the site as a water reservoir, including safety
issues, will likewise be clarified.

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Archaeology
Impact
There is the possibility, however remote, of finding archaeological, cultural and historic items in the
excavation site.
Mitigation
Prior coordination will be undertaken by MWSI with the National Museum or National Historical
Institute for Archaeological Records. A protocol confirming to PD 374 will be prepared containing
guidelines on how to handle archaeological, cultural and historic finds.
5.3.2 Construction Phase

Impact
This phase will involve excavation works and thus more workers are expected. The impacts will be
the same as those in the pre-construction phase. However, the arrival of more workers and other
heavy machinery will trample other plants in the nearby areas. Vegetation in the nearby areas consist
of grasses and patches of ipil-ipil trees. The increased activities in the project site will inevitably widen
the affected area including wildlife species. Though the impacts are inevitable, these are limited to
the project site and are temporary.
Mitigation
The impacts will be minimized by concentrating the activities in the project area. Though the impacts
to the vegetation and wildlife are inevitable, these are limited to the project site and are tempor ary.
Vegetation in the nearby areas also consists of grasses and patches of ipil-ipil trees.

Impacts
Based on the planned dimension of the reservoir, approximately 33,750 m3 of soil material will be dug
out. The major impact would be the increased TSS levels in the creek resulting from erosion of the
exposed slopes by runoff waters. Diesel and gasoline powered machinery become potential source of
oil/grease that may be transported by runoff to the creek. The increase in the number of workers will
also result to an increase of domestic wastes generated.
These impacts are however, temporary and are concentrated in the project site.
Mitigation
If practicable, the excavated materials will be disposed of immediately but in an acceptable manner. If
some soil materials will have to be temporarily stored in the site, these will be stored in an area with
proper drainage system. The soils will be compacted, with the topsoil being reserved as much as
possible for talahib growing.
Best practices will be employed in the maintenance of all diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment to
minimize loss of containment of oil or lubricants. To minimize domestic wastes from flowing into the
creek, the workers will be required to observe responsible and good housekeeping practices.

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Hydrogeology
The excavation will not affect groundwater in this area as a study (Clemente et al., 2001) revealed that
at present, the water table depth in Las Pinas, Paranaque and Muntinlupa is from 70 m to 80 m below
sea level. The minimum elevation of the proposed project site is 60 masl.

Impacts
Exhaust from motorized equipment (including haul trucks if the excavated materials are to be hauled
out) will increase SO2 and NOx levels. The barren slopes may also increase TSP levels.
Noise will be generated from the heavy equipment used during excavation, hauling, and
foundation/pile installation. Considerable noise will also come from the generator in case one will be
used at the site. For reference, the corresponding noise levels produced by common construction
equipment are presented in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1. Attenuated Sound Pressure Levels
Noise Level, dB(A)

Equipment
30 m 60m 120m 240m
Air Compressor 69 - 81 63 - 75 57 - 69 51 - 63
Backhoe 65 - 87 59 - 81 53 - 75 47 - 69
Compactor 66 60 54 48
Concrete Mixer 69 - 82 63 - 76 57 - 70 51 - 64
Concrete Pump 76 70 64 58
Crane 70 - 80 64 - 74 58 - 68 52 - 62
Front Loader 66 - 75 60 - 69 54 - 63 48 - 57
Generator 66 - 76 60 - 70 54 - 64 48 - 58
Grader 74 - 87 68 - 81 62 - 75 56 - 69
Jack Hammer 75 - 91 69 - 85 63 - 79 57 - 73
Paver 81 - 82 75 - 76 69 - 70 63 - 64
Pile Driver 89 - 99 83 - 93 77 - 87 71 - 81
Pump 64 - 84 56 - 78 50 - 72 44 - 66
Tractor, Bulldozer 72 - 89 66 - 83 60 - 77 54 - 71
Truck 77 - 87 71 - 81 65 - 75 59 - 69
Vibrator 62 - 75 56 - 69 50 - 63 44 - 57
Mitigation
Similar with the mitigating measures mentioned during the pre-construction phase, air pollutants from
emissions will be minimized by regular maintenance of the equipment. Barren slopes will be sprinkled
with water to minimize wind erosion.
The project site is approximately 300 m away from the nearest existing residential area. The
contractor will be advised to follow work schedules that will have a minimum impact to the nearby
residential areas (i.e., minimize noise during night time).

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Geology and Geotechnical Aspects

Impacts
The movement of heavy equipment may include bearing failure in geologically weak areas. This will
however be during the construction phase only.
Mitigation
The area will be thoroughly surveyed to designate the suitable route for the trucks and other vehicles.
Occupational Health and Safety

Impacts
The construction workers are constantly exposed to work-related risks if safety practices are not
implemented. Being located in a penal facility, the risk of encounters with escaping prisoners may put
the workers into unpleasant situations. This is based on the information that escaping prisoners
usually seek refuge in the area since the grasses provide good cover.
Mitigation
The contractors must abide by the best practices incorporated in the Environmental Management and
Safety Code of MWSI. For security, the workers will be advised to minimize leaving the construction
site premises without prior clearance from the security personnel of the project.
Socioeconomics
Impacts
Construction activities will also inevitably affect daily activities of nearby residents, particularly those
near the construction sites. The traffic of vehicles and heavy equipment will generate fugitive dust and
noise pollution thereby affecting their comfort and convenience.
The livelihood source of some prisoners that is talahib growing, harvesting and drying for making of
bags and other products, may be affected by construction works if their planting sites will be
excavated or lie along the route of heavy equipment movements.
Informal settlements may develop, if only temporary, leading to, and in areas adjacent the, project site
may develop. Professional squatting syndicates may also encourage their members to settle within or
near the proposed site of the water reservoir.
Job openings for local laborers may be available during construction. There will be opportunities to
offer services, e.g., food and other consumables that cater to the needs of construction workers.
Mitigation
The proposed site for the water reservoir must carry the appropriate zoning category and restrictive
activities and development within and adjacent the site during construction and the operational phases
stipulated.
MWSI will ask its contractors to exert best efforts to hire local labor when qualified ones are available.
Replacement site for talahib growing will be coordinated with the residents to ensure there is no long
term-adverse effect to the people ’s livelihood.

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Archaeology
Impact
Construction works may unearth archeological finds.
Mitigation
MWSI will implement protocols on chance finds as provided for in PD 374. Prior coordination with the
National Museum will be undertaken before further civil works are undertaken.
5.3.3 Operation Phase
Water Quality and Solid Wastes

Impact
The workers that will maintain the reservoir are potential waste generators.
Mitigation
The maintenance office will be provided with basic household facilities especially lavatories and
comfort rooms for the workers. Proper solid waste management will also be implemented.
Socioeconomic
Impact
The operation of the water reservoir will increase the capacity for water to be stored and eventually
delivered to existing and new households in the service area. Such a development will increase
service levels and reduce the cost of purchasing water from vendors. New house connections could
likewise be undertaken. Health benefits from clean, regular and affordable water will also be realized.
Mitigation / Enhancement
Zoning regulations governing the area within and adjacent the water reservoir should be enacted and
enforced to preserve the integrity and safety of the site. These zoning regulations should stipulate
allowable and restrictive activities within the site and its surroundings.

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6.0 Environmental Management Program

6.1 Introduction
MWSI is committed to be the top water utility firm providing uninterrupted supply of clean water to all
its service area. The following is MWSI’policy statement:
Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy
Maynilad Water Services, Inc (MWSI), the country’ s top water utility firm, is committed to
service excellence, environmental protection and to personnel safety and health in the
workplace.
We shall continually improve the quality, reliability, cost effectiveness and environmental
suitability of our operations and services by implementing an integrated quality, environment,
safety and health management system compliant with international standards. In pursuing our
business objective, we shall:
· Comply with laws, regulations and standards applicable to our operations and services
and other requirements we subscribe to; and the needs of our management systems;
· Provide reliable and high quality water treatment and distribution, sewerage and
sanitation services at a fair price to meet the needs and expectations of our customers;
· Minimize and manage the adverse impacts of our operations on the environment by
optimizing the use of our resources, reducing the generation of waste, and controlling
the emission of pollutants to air, water and land;
· Enhance the personal and professional well being of our employees by providing
appropriate training and support, thereby maintaining a competent workforce that is
quality, environmental, health and safety conscious;
· Protect the health and safety of our employees, contractors, visitors and neighboring
communities by designing and executing systematic programs that will prevent work
related injuries, illnesses and emergencies;
· Crate a culture that will encourage all our employees, contractors, suppliers and
stakeholders to conduct their activities in a responsible manner; and
· Review regularly our integrated management system to ensure its continuing suitability.
6.2 Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan

The identified impacts and the corresponding mitigations are summarized in Table 6-1. Enhancement
strategies are also included for those positive impacts that will be generated by the project.

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DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20
Table 6-1. Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan
Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees

(+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible
(-) Negative
Component 1: Upgrade of the La Mesa Treatment Facilities

Preconstruction Vegetation and Clearing of Clearing activities will be Part of sub-contractor ’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
Phase Wildlife vegetation will affect confined in the project budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement
the site ’s site; Vegetation is sparse, compliance
biodiversity. thus clearing will not
ECC conditionality
Soil-inhabiting result to significant loss of
on acquisition of
organisms/plant biodiversity or reduction
other government
dependent may also of carbon
permits prior to
be temporarily sink/sequestration.
construction and
disturbed. Movement operation
of the workers and Maintenance of
equipment will vegetation buffer around
disturb wildlife the site
species in the
affected areas (-)
Construction Water/Soil Excavations expose Provision of drainage Part of sub-contractor ’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS code
Phase Quality and soils to erosion canals to facilitate proper budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC
Sedimentation resulting to runoff flow. compliance conditionality on
increased TSS Soil compaction prior to water quality
levels in La Mesa disposal. compliance
Creek and Tullahan
River (-)
Maintenance of the All equipment Part of sub-contractor s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS code
’
equipment may maintenance works will budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC
produce oil/grease be concentrated in a compliance conditionality on
that can be washed perimeter bunded area to water quality
off into the nearby contain oil/grease compliance
creek (-)
Ring canals with oil traps,

J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\6.0 Environmental Management Program.doc
DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
drums for used oil to be
placed near traps
Alum in the sludge Analyses of the physical Part of the disposal MWSI and Waste Disposal of
may affect the and chemical properties agreement for dredged potential partner Sale Agreement
soil/water quality in of the sludge to sludge in disposal of
the disposal site (-) determine if treatment is sludge
required prior to disposal
Expanding clays in Analyses of the physical Part of the disposal MWSI and Waste Disposal of
the sludge may and chemical properties agreement for dredged potential partner Sale Agreement
cause differential of the sludge to sludge in disposal of
loading when sludge determine the suitable sludge
is used as backfill usages
material or
cement/concrete
admixture (-)
Air Quality Increased SO2 and Regular maintenance on Part of sub-contractor s MWSI/Sub- MWSI EMS Code
’
NOx emission from equipment to ensure that budget contractor requirement
diesel/gasoline -run these are working
equipment (-) efficiently
ECC conditionality
on air quality
Increased SO2 and Subcontractors should compliance
NOx emission due to pass government
heavy vehicle emission test prior to
movement (-) award of contract
Noise Operation of the Provision mufflers for Part of sub-contractor s MWSI/Sub- MWSI EMS code
’
heavy equipment vehicles; budget contractor requirement
generates noise (-) Housing of genset if
necessary; ECC conditionality
Maintenance of on compliance to
vegetation buffer around ambient noise
sites. standards

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(-) Negative
Occupational Heavy equipment Prior to any excavation,
health and used to excavate the the stability, composition
safety sludge may sink or and depth of the sludge
submerge in will be assessed to
unstable portions of determine appropriate de-
the lagoon, thus may sludging technique.
expose both workers
and equipment to
physical and
chemical risks
Socio- Rehabilitation of Phasing of rehabilitation Part of MWSI operating MWSI Proof of LGU
Economics treatment plants may works cost coordination;
cause interruption of
water supply
Timely and proper IEC to ECC conditionality
affected communities on IEC
Coordination with LGUs

on possible rationing of
water supply
Operational Water Quality Improvement of Proper maintenance of Part of MWSI operating MWSI ECC conditionality
Phase water quality (TSS the ash lagoons by cost on water quality
levels) in the La reducing the volume of compliance
Mesa Creek (+) sludge generated and
sequential filling of the
lagoons for easier sludge
management
Wastewater Increased water MWSI is committed to Part of MWSI MWSI Concession
production will provide sewer system to development cost Agreement
increase water its concession area.
usage, thus will Sewerage systems are
generate more under their pipeline

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
wastewater projects.
Socio- Increase in water IEC on household water Part of MWSI operating MWSI Note: Impact is the
economics production, Longer management & cost desired outcome of
supply windows (+) conservation the project
Component 2: Rehabilitation of the Distribution Network

Preconstruction Vegetation Clearing of Social preparation Part of the social MWSI ECC conditionality
vegetation (-) activities will include preparation IEC/ budget on IEC
proper coordination to
those who have interests
(i.e.,backyard gardens)
along the ROW
Clearing limited to areas

within ROW
Solid Wastes Generation of solid Proper waste disposal Included in the Subcontractor; MWSI EMS code
wastes during site recycling/reuse and good subcontractor s MWSI to monitor requirement
’
clearing (-) housekeeping budget/scope of work compliance
Agreement
between the
subcontractor and
MWSI, ECC
conditionality on
waste disposal
compliance
Socio- “Fear of the IEC Part of the social MWSI ECC conditionality
economics unknown / preparation IEC/budget on IEC
” (-)
Uncertainty
Acquisition of
clearance/permits
Construction Water Quality Erosion/siltation from MWSI will implement the Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
Phase excavation works (-) provision on Construction subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
and Safety Guidelines in budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and
their EMS Code. Use of MWSI, ECC
sediment fencing to conditionality on
control erosion will be water quality
done. Maintenance and compliance
cleanliness in the
workplace will also be
enforced. This will form
part of the
subcontractor’s contract
Spillage of oil and A central storage/parking Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
degreasers (-) for all construction subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
equipment and vehicle budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and
will be determined, to MWSI, ECC
contain any spillage conditionality on
during maintenance water quality
works. compliance and
management of
hazardous waste
A designated area for
containment of used
oils/degreasers will be
allocated with proper
flooring and ring canals
Used oils will be

dispensed in a controlled
manner.
Solid Wastes Generation of Excavation will be done Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
construction by phase such that before subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
wastes/excavated any section is excavated budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and
soil (-) the unearthed sections MWSI, ECC

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
have been properly conditionality on
backfilled. The solid waste
excavated soil may also management
be used as backfill
materials.
Sewage Generation of Temporary Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
sewage from toilets/portalets will be subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
construction workers provided budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
(-) MWSI, ECC
conditionality on
acquisition of LGU
permits prior to
projected
implementation
Traffic Traffic congestion (-) Permits related to Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
excavation will be subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
secured prior to any budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and
diggings so proper MWSI, ECC
coordination will be made conditionality on
with proper authorities. A proper clearances
traffic management plan with other entities
will also be prepared such as LGU on its
which includes IEC and jurisdiction over
signages on rerouting traffic management
plan
Occupational Risk of accident to MWSI EMS Code Included in the Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
Health and workers and embodies their safety subcontractor s MWSI to monitor requirement;
’
Safety pedestrians (-) measures in the budget/scope of work compliance Agreement
workplace and strictly between the
implements this to their subcontactor and
employees as well as MWSI, ECC
subcontractors. Use of conditionality
PPEs as well as

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
informative warning signs
is an SOP.
Handling of asbestos No AC pipelines will be Included in the Subcontractor; ECC conditionality
cement (AC) pipes installed for this project. subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor on hazardous
pose health hazards The AC pipelines that will budget/scope of work compliance waste management
(-) be replaced will be
properly disposed of.
Agreement
Provisions of the DAO
between the
2000-02 (Chemical Order
subcontactor and
for Asbestos) will be
MWSI, ECC
strictly observed.
Conditionality
Disposal will be
coordinated with proper
authorities.
Air Quality/ Increased TSP and Watering of TSP sources Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
Noise noise levels in the will be done as necessary subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
construction area (-) to lessen spread of dust. budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and
Hauling and earthmoving MWSI, ECC
equipment will be conditionality on
regularly checked for compliance to air
maintenance. As far as quality standards
practicable, noise and ambient noise
generating activities will standards
be scheduled during
daytime, if work during
nigh time is unavoidable,
proper coordination to
affected
residents/authorities will
be carried out.
Genset housing may be

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
provided where there are
residential areas
Regular maintenance of
genset for muffler
efficiency
Generation of foul In areas where digging Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
odor (-) generates foul odor, odor subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
control system will be budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and
used as practicable. MWSI, ECC
PPE’s will be provided to conditionality on
workers. odor control (under
Installation of windbags Pollution Control
may be necessary in Act)
areas suspected to have
trapped gasses. The
bags will aide workers to
go upwind of the gas
sources
Socio- Disruption to daily Advisory to residents/ Part of sub-contractors’ Subcontractor; Agreement
economics routine of residents businesses of digging budget MWSI to monitor between the
and business schedules will be made. compliance subcontactor and
establishments Access/paths to houses MWSI,
(-) or businesses will also be
provided
Unsightly views; Install visual screens Part of sub-contractors’ Subcontractor; Agreement
streetscape budget MWSI to monitor between the
temporarily marred compliance subcontactor and
(-) MWSI
Disruption to Advisory to LGUs of Part of IEC budget MWSI ECC

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
schedule of digging schedules will be conditionality on
LGU projects (-) made IEC
Possible In the unlikely event of Part of Compensation MWSI ECC
displacement of relocation, a protocol is in Plan for Potentially- conditionality on
informal settlers place that sets out affected Persons Social
(-) procedures and Development/Equity
processes with respect to
compensation and the
physical transfer of
affected persons and
families
Local job Best effort policy to local Part of sub-contractors’ Sub-contractor Agreement
(construction) hiring. (Subcontractor to budget between the
opportunities show proof of effort to subcontractor and
consider qualified local MWSI; May be part
(+)
hires before hiring of ECC
outsiders) conditionality for
Social Development
Archaeology Discovery of Implement protocol (PD Part of MWSI budget MWSI ECC
archaeological finds/ 374) Sub-contractor conditionality;
historical sites/
PD 374
markers (neutral)
Operational Socio- Clean, affordable, Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
Phase economics regular water supply condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
(+) rate for low-income
communities
Longer supply Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
windows condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
communities
Less NRW (+) Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
rate for low-income
communities
Water pressure will Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
be improved (+) condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
rate for low-income
communities; extension
of Bahay Tubid program
to low-income and illegal
users
Significant savings in Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
water expenses (+) condition of pipelines; flat budget Agreement
rate for low-income
communities
IEC on household water

management &
conservation
Less incidence of Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of regular
water-borne condition of pipelines, budget MWSS operations of
diseases (+) particularly maintenance agencies
DOH
of 7 psi pressure to concerned
ensure no contamination
from outside sources
IEC conditionality
IEC on sanitation Part of agency budget
on IEC
Savings in time and IEC on household water Part of agency MWSI Part of regular
effort for women, management IEC budget MWSS operations of
youth, senior citizens agencies
and other household concerned; ECC
Sustenance of regularity
members in fetching conditionality on

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
water (+) of clean water supply IEC
Component 3: Construction of a New Reservoir in Bilibid Prison

Pre- Vegetation and Clearing of Activities will be confined Part of sub-contractor ’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
construction Wildlife vegetation will affect in the project site. budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement
Phase resident wildlife compliance
species (-)
Water Quality Drill rig operations Provision of bund canals Part of sub-contractor s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
’
generate used oil with oil traps for collection budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC
and grease of used oils compliance conditionality on
water quality
compliance
Provision of containment
drums near traps
Rig workers will Proper solid waste Part of sub-contractor s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
’
generate solid waste receptacles shall be budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC
which can affect provided and disposal compliance conditionality on
waterways areas shall be allocated water quality
within the work sites compliance
Air Quality and Drill rig engines Proper maintenance of Part of sub-contractor s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
Noise generate exhaust engines budget/scope of work ’ MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC
emission and noise compliance conditionality on air
quality and noise
Possible housing of

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
engines standards
compliance
Socio- “Fear of the IEC on project Part of MWSI MWSI ECC conditionality
economics unknown ”/ IEC budget on IEC and permit
Uncertainty (-) acquisition prior to
Acquisition of permits to
project
assure public of legality
implementation
and coordination with
proper authorities
Mobilization of IEC; particularly issues Part of MWSI/MWSS MWSI /MWSS Agreement
claimants’ on land ownership and budgets between MWSI and
organization/squatter lease agreement MWSS
syndicates (-)
Archaeology Possibility of Prior coordination with Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
occurrence of the National Museum of subcontractor s MWSI to monitor between the
’
archaeological items National Historical budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
in the exaction site Institute for MWSI, ECC
archaeological records conditionality of
clearances prior to
project
implementation
Construction Water Quality Maintenance of Maintenance works will Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
Phase motorized drill rig be conducted in subcontractor s MWSI to monitor between the
’
may generate perimeter-bunded areas budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
oil/grease that can to contain possible oil MWSI, ECC
be washed out to the leaks conditionality on
nearby creek water quality
(-) compliance
Excavation of 33,720 Proper hauling, storage Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
m3 of soil can result and compaction of subcontractor s MWSI to monitor between the
to elevated TSS in excavated soils in the budget/scope ’of work compliance subcontractor and
the nearby creek (-) designated area in the MWSI, ECC

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
work site conditionality on
water quality
compliance
Geology and Movement of heavy Survey will be conducted Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
Geotechnical equipment may to determine suitable subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
Aspects include bearing route for trucks and other budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
failure in geologically vehicles. MWSI, ECC
weak areas (-) Conditionality
Air Quality and Exhaust emissions Regular maintenance Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
Noise from diesel/gasoline check to ensure that the subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
operated engines engines are efficiently budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
during construction working MWSI, ECC
works (-) Conditionality
Increased TSP (-) Dust-producing haul Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
roads and slopes will be subcontractor s MWSI to monitor between the
’
sprinkled with water if budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
practicable. MWSI, ECC
conditionality on air
quality on air
compliance
Noise will be Site equipment will be Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
generated by the provided with mufflers if subcontractor s MWSI to monitor between the
’
various construction necessary. budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
equipment (-) Activities will be MWSI, ECC
conducted during daytime conditionality on
hours only compliance to
ambient noise
standards
Wildlife Movement of more As much as practicable, Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
workers and activities will be confined subcontractor s MWSI to monitor between the
equipment will affect in the project site budget/scope ’of work compliance subcontractor and
more wildlife species MWSI, ECC

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
inhabiting the area conditionality on
(-) protection of wildlife
species
Solid Wastes Solid wastes and Strict observance of good Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement
and Wastewater wastewater will be and responsible subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor between the
generated by the housekeeping practices budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and
workers (-) MWSI, ECC
conditionality on
solid waste
management
Occupational Workers are Workers will be advised Included in the Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code
Health and exposed to security to limit their activities subcontractor ’s MWSI to monitor requirement
Safety risks (-) within the project budget/scope of work compliance
parameter
Socioeconomics Local job Best effort at local hiring Part of subcontractors’ Subcontractor Agreement
opportunities (+) (Subcontractor to show budget between the
proof of effort to consider subcontractor and
qualified local hires MWSI; May be part
before hiring outsiders of ECC
conditionality for
Social Development
Landscape Install visual screen Part of subcontractors’ Sub-ontractor MWSI EMS Code
temporarily marred cost requirement
Non-conforming land Zoning Part of budgets of LGU ECC Conditionality
use - agencies concerned MWSS MOA between
MWSI LGU, MWSS,
MWSI, New Bilibid
Administration
Archaeology Discovery of Implement protocol (PD Part of MWSI budget MWSI ECC
archaeological finds 374) Sub-contractor onditionality
/ historical sites /
Follow

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20

(-) Negative
markers protocol/regulatory
requirements
Operational Water Quality Workers maintaining Provision of basic Part of MWSI operation MWSI MWSI EMS code
Phase the reservoir will facilities in offices; budget requirement; ECC
generate solid practice of good conditionality on
wastes and housekeeping measures solid waste
wastewater (-) management
Socioeconomics Clean, affordable, Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
regular water supply condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
communities
Longer supply Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
windows condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
communities
Less NRW (+) Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
rate for low-income
communities
Water pressure to be Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession
improved (+) condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement
rate for low-income
communities
Public Health Less incidence of Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI, MWSS, Part of regular
water-borne condition of pipelines budget DOH operations of
diseases agencies
concerned
IEC on sanitation Part of agency budget

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20
6.3 Social Development Plan

The projects’ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program presented in the Chapter on
Environmental Performance consitutes the project’s Social Development Plan. The CSR/SDP
Program is implemented on a continuing/’ roll over”basis.
6.4 Emergency Response Plan

The EMS Code contains the Emergency Response Plan of MWSI (Annex 6.1-CD Format)
6.5 Institutional Plan
The MWSI corporate office led by the Project Management Group (PMG) will oversee the
implementation of the rehabilitation project. During operation, the distribution network, pumping
stations and the reservoirs will be maintained by the Business Centers based on area of jurisdiction.
The La Mesa Water Treatment Facilities will be operated by the Production group but will still report to
MWSI’ corporate office. Annex 6.2 shows the organizational chart of the company.
MWSI is committed to exercise more than compliance to environmental and safety requirements in the
conduct of its operational activities. It has currently developed the following operational procedures in
meeting its vision as the top utility firm in providing water services:
· Environmental Management and Safety Code
· Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
·
Complaints Management - Easy and user friendly medium through SMS Messaging
and Hotline
MWSI/MWSS and its sub-contractors will coordinate with relevant agencies in procuring the necessary
permits to implement the project at various stages ( i.e., pre-construction, construction, operation).
These agencies include LGU’ s, the DOH-Center of Health Development, MMDA, LLDA., etc.
Information relevant to the agencies’ concern will likewise be shared. MWSI will monitor its
subcontractors for the latter’ s compliance to secure the necessary permits to carry out their work (e.g.,
excavation) and to observe and comply with relevant protocols.
6.6 Information, Education and Communication Plan
MWSI will undertake an IEC campaign in all phases of the project. At the pre-construction phase, the
focus of IEC will be on clarifying the issues and describing the nature, features and character of the
project. The intention here is for stakeholders to be able to make an informed decision and opinion
about the project and, more importantly, to allay any “fear of the unknown”and uncertainty that may
arise from misinformation or, even disinformation.
At the construction stage, the focus of the IEC is to advise residents and businesses as well as other
stakeholders like LGUs of the schedule of the diggings and other related activities. Project-affected
parties will also received advice on how to cope with construction activities, particularly on the
rerouting of traffic as well as availability of access pathways to residential and business establishments
to ensure that commerce continues in the affected areas, though in limited and constrainment.
During the operation stage, the IEC program’s thrust will be on advising people and business
establishments on how to enhance the benefits that will result with improved service levels. Seminars
and other media collaterals on, for example, household water management and safe methods of water
storage will be undertaken.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20
All IEC campaigns will be stakeholder-focused and community-based. The IEC budget for all project
components has been initially estimated to amount to about PhP 1 million pesos.
6.7 Abandonment Plan
Water service is a basic human need such that regular maintenance of the distribution network and all
the support facilities will be carried out. All equipment reaching their lifespan will be replaced and
disposed of properly. In the unlikely event of abandonment, an Abandonment Plan will be prepared a
year before implementation of the Plan, subject to consultation and coordination with affected
stakeholders.
6.8 Environmental Monitoring Plan
MWSI will continue to undertaken environmental monitoring in coordination with the appropriate
government institutions, together with the stakeholders. Table 6-2 shows the recommended
Environmental Monitoring Plan.
MWSI opts for a professional third party environmental audit in lieu of the formation of the
Multisectoral Monitoring Team (MMT). The environmental audit will be done every year, as
prescribed by ISO 14001 to which MWSI has been certified against this October.

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:20
Table 6-2. Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan
Parameters Project Phase Location Frequency Estimated Cost Guarantees

Water Quality at the All project phases La Mesa Creek - Monthly Php 50,000.00 per Compliance to DAO 90-
sludge lagoon outlets upstream and month 34 and DAO 90-35
and La Mesa Creek downstream of the
(particularly TSS, discharge points of the
oil/grease and other two Water Treatment
relevant parameters Facilities; Discharge
prescribed by DAO 90- Points
34 and 35)
Water Quality at the All project phases 700 sampling station Monthly Compliance to PNSDW
distribution networks strategically scattered
(for parameters around the concession
prescribed by the area
PNSDW)
Compliance to the Construction Stage - All major thoroughfares Weekly Included in the project Agreement with
Traffic Management Rehabilitation of the affected cost concerned LGU or
Plan Distribution Lines resolution by concerned
LGU

DRAFT 31/10/2006 10:25
7.0 References
Books and References
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 1990. DENR Administrative Order, No. 34. Series
of 1990.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 1990. DENR Administrative Order, No. 35. Series
of 1990.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2003. DAO 2003-30.
DENR. Procedural Manual for DENR DAO 2003 -30. Philippine Environmental Impact Statement
System (PEIS) Implementation Guidelines and Procedures
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 2000. Surface Geology of Metro Manila and
Adjacent Areas. Internal Report
Kennedy, R.S, Gonzalez, P.C, Dickinson, E.C, Miranda, Jr., H.C, Fisher, T. 2000. A Guide to the Birds
of the Philippines. Oxford University Press
Maynilad Water Services, Inc. 2000. IEE - MWSI- 3B Project Construction of Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary Mains for Water Supply Systems Project in Noveleta, Kawit and Imus, Cavite.
Unpublished Technical Report
Maynilad Water Services Inc., 1998. Maynilad Environmental Management Plan Corporate
Environmental Management Department. Unpublished Technical Report.
MWSI. 2005. Environmental Management and Safety Code.
Metro Manila CitiAtlas.. 2002.Asia type, Inc. Mandaluyong City, Philippines
Radian Consulting, Inc. 2006. Feasibility Study - MWSI Water Supply Services Recovery Project.
Unpublished Technical Report.
Websites
http://www.lopezgroup.org/lqfi/mdgHome.asp?mdg=ENVIRONMENT
(viewed October 2006)
http://www.birdwatch.ph/html/trip/trip20040307.html
http://www.pbase.com/liquidstone/image. Photos by Orlee Ninon

http://wwfchina.org/csis/search/english/detail.shtm?cspcode=021170005

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http://www3.pids.gov.ph
http://emi.pdc.org/soundpractices/Metro-Manila/SP1-MM-Saving-Streams-QC.pdf

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Page 7-2

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