. 1. Which of these in NOT true of a band?

 They are usually very small

 They are often nomadic.
 They are often hunter-gatherers.
 They are often egalitarian.
 They are usually governed by a strong central power.

2. What is defined as a combination of smaller kin or nonkin groups, linked

by a common culture, that is usually egalitarian and acts as one?

 clan
 sib
 state
 chiefdom
 tribe

Practice Quiz for Bands and Tribes

No. of Questions= 15
INSTRUCTIONS: To answer a question, click the button in front of your choice. A
response will appear in the window below the question to let you know if you are correct.
Be sure to read the feedback. It is designed to help you learn the material. You can also
learn by reading the feedback for incorrect answers.

A general term for relatively simple political systems in which power is

1. diffused throughout the society.

a) acephalous

b) hierarchical

c) chiefdoms
2. The simplest kind of political system for a society is a:

a) tribe

b) band

c) chiefdom

What level of political integration would be expected to exist in a society in

3. which the total number of people does not exceed a few dozen and there is
no economic class differentiation.

a) band

b) tribe

c) pantribal association
 What is the primary binding mechanism of a band level society? In other
4. words, what usually is most effective in keeping these societies from
disintegrating?

a) pantribal associations

b) religion

c) kinship

5. Which of the following statements is true of bands?

Typically, there is no leadership position in bands that has the

a)
authority to conclusively settle disputes, punish criminals, or prevent
families from leaving.

They rarely split into two separate bands because of the strong
b)
leadership of their headmen.

The political and economic power of women is generally very low

c)
compared to men.
 In his field studies of the ju/'hoansi, Richard Lee noted that as the number of
6. people in a band level society increases, the potential for disruptive
interpersonal conflicts inevitably rises. What did he call this phenomenon?

a) social discord

b) kinship divorce

c) social velocity

How does someone in a pedestrian foraging band usually become a political

7. leader for the community?

a) appointment by a superior

b) appointment by a mystical religious leader

c) community consensus arrived at through casual discussion

8. Which of the following statements is true of band leaders?

a) They usually only have temporary political power.

b) They are usually appointed to their positions for life.

c) Bands do not have leaders of any sort.

About how many band level societies survive today with their traditional
9. form of political organization intact?

a) few if any

b) hundreds (mostly in Africa and South America)

 What percent of people living today had ancestors who lived in societies
10. with band level political systems?

a) 5%

b) 45%

c) 100%

What kind of political system is most likely to be found among horticultural

11. and pastoralist societies that consist of a few hundred people with multiple
communities and other kinds of social sub-divisions?

a) bands

b) tribes

c) either bands or tribes

Tribes are different from bands in that they have a new kind of integrative
12. mechanism consisting of organizations that cross-cut society by bringing
together a limited number of people, typically at least one from each family.
Anthropologists refer to these kinds of groups as _____________ .
 a) age sets

b) pantribal associations

c) neither of the above

13. Which of the following statements is true of tribes?

They are essentially egalitarian in that no one family or residential

a)
group is politically or economically superior to others.

b) They are advanced over bands in the way that they are integrated.

c) They are essentially acephalous.

d) all of the above are true

14. Where did indigenous tribal level societies have leaders called "big men"?

a) New Guinea

b) Uganda
 c) Hawaii

In New Guinea, tribal leaders often worked for years to accumulate things of
15. high value in order to give them away in large, very public formal
ceremonies. What traditionally was the most important kind of thing that
they gave away?

a) fish oil

b) women and children

c) pigs

Practice Quiz for

Chiefdoms and States
No. of Questions= 18
INSTRUCTIONS: To answer a question, click the button in front of your choice. A
response will appear in the window below the question to let you know if you are correct.
Be sure to read the feedback. It is designed to help you learn the material. You can also
learn by reading the feedback for incorrect answers.
 As some horticultural societies of the past developed more intensive
1. agricultural subsistence patterns when their populations grew into the
thousands, they were forced to create new levels of political integration in
order to maintain unity and order. Which of the following did they develop
first?

a) chiefdom

b) state

2. In what way are chiefdoms similar to bands and tribes?

a) They are mostly classless societies.

b) Their top political positions are only temporary.

c) none of the above

What commonly functions as a rudimentary beginning of a taxation system

3. in chiefdoms?
 a) the redistribution of surplus goods by the chief

b) the chief forcing farmers to give up some of their girls to be his wife

c) both of the above

How are difficult disputes between people living in a chiefdom usually

4. settled if an informal agreement cannot be reached by the parties?

a) A chief usually functions as an arbitrator and judge.

Someone from a neighboring society is asked to act as an arbitrator

b)
and judge.

c) none of the above

What is the subsistence base that is almost always found among societies
5. with a state level of political integration?

a) pastoralism

b) horticulture
 c) large-scale intensive agriculture

Around 4,500-5,500 years ago, kingdoms with state level political systems
6. developed into ancient civilizations in which of the following areas?

a) northwestern Europe

b) Japan

c) Mesopotamia

d) all of the above

Which of the following is likely to have pyramid shaped power relationships

7. with a small hereditary elite class at the top headed by a king and royal
family?

a) chiefdoms

b) states

c) both of the above

 Which of the following would be expected to have the most centralization of
8. power?

a) chiefdom

b) state

c) both are about equal in the centralization of power.

Which of the following would be most likely to have a well equipped

9. professional army?

a) chiefdom

b) state

c) both of the above would be equally likely to have professional armies

 Which of the following statements concerning slaves in the ancient
10. civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia is true?

a) They were often people defeated in war.

b) They were often made servants in the households of the political elites.

Their children could sometimes become free, wealthy, and politically

c)
powerful.

d) all of the above

When did the transition from acephalous bands and tribes to chiefdoms
11. begin?

a) 2,000-3,000 years ago

b) 4,000-5,000 years ago

c) 8,000-10,000 years ago

 According to this tutorial, what was the main reason that our ancestors first
12. developed domesticated food plants and began farming.

A combination of a changing climate and human over population made

a)
it necessary.

b) Constant warfare demanded greater food production.

Curiosity driven experimentation led them to realize that farming was a

c)
better way of getting food.

What is the name of the theory of state formation that the British
13. archaeologist V. Gordon Childe developed in 1936? This theory assumed
that people made rational economic decisions that led them inevitably to
develop the first states.

a) voluntaristic theory

b) hydraulic theory

c) coercive theory
 What is the name of the theory of state formation developed during the
14. 1950's by Karl Wittfogel and Julian Steward? This was an ecological
explanation that proposed that states arose out of the need to construct and
manage large-scale irrigation systems necessary for intensive agriculture
within arid river valleys.

a) coercive theory

b) hydraulic theory

c) tribute theory

What was the main argument of the coercive theory of early state formation?
15. This theory was developed in the 1970's by Robert Carneiro.

Centralized state governments developed to mobilize and direct armies

a)
which would continue to exist as tools for controlling conquered
peoples, collecting tribute, and allocating resources.

Food surpluses made possible by farming allowed some to become

b)
wealthier than others which resulted in greater social inequalities and
the decision to develop less democratic states.

c) none of the above

 This tutorial concluded that the theory of early state formation that is mostly
16. likely the best one is the _________________ .

a) coercive theory

b) hydraulic theory

c) voluntaristic theory

d) multi-cause theory

Modern nation states differ from the states of the ancient civilizations in that
17. modern states commonly have _______________________ .

a) smaller bureaucracies.

b) less social mobility

c) larger cities

d) all of the above

18. Which of the following statements is true?

a) There is no slavery in modern nation states.

b) The human population is no longer growing in numbers.

Over the 21st century, much of the world very likely will face severe
c)
shortages, including those of food, drinking water, arable land, and
petroleum based fuels.

d) all of the above