Hyptonic Test

Hudson/Whisenhunt, Psychology 1e
Chapter 11: Human Sexuality and Gender
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied Analyze

Learning Multiple 2[na.Intro],3, 6,10,12,13,14, 8,16,18,23 1[na,Intro],7,
Objective 11.1 Choice 4,5,9,15,20 17,22 11,19,21
Describe Fill-in-the-
biological bases of Blank
gender Short 155,156
development. answer
Essay 165
Learning Multiple 24,27,32,37 25,31 26,30,33,34, 28,29,39
Objective 11.2 Choice 35,36,38
Recognize how Fill-in-the-
social and cultural Blank
influences affect Short 157
gender answer
development. Essay
Learning Multiple 41 40 42 43
Objective 11.3 Choice
Explain Fill-in-the-
transgender Blank
experiences. Short
answer
Essay
Learning Multiple 45,46,47,49, 51 44[na,Intro],
Objective 11.4 Choice 50 48,52
Explain gender Fill-in-the-
differences in Blank
cognitive abilities, Short
including answer
intelligence and Essay 166
memory.
Learning Multiple 57,60,63,65 59,62,64 54,55,56 53,58,61
Describe gender Fill-in-the-
differences related Blank
to social Short 158
behaviors. answer
Essay
Learning Multiple 66,67[na,Intro], 68[na,Intro],69, 73,75 71,72
Objective 11.6 Choice 74 70,76
Recognize the Fill-in-the-
definition and Blank
prevalence of Short 159
various sexual answer
orientations. Essay
Learning Multiple 80,83,85 77,84,91 81,82,86 78,79,87,88,
Objective 11.7 Choice 89,90
1

Understand the Fill-in-the-
research findings Blank
about the causes Short
of sexual answer
orientation. Essay 167
Learning
Objective 11.8 Multiple 92,97 93,94 95,99 96,98
Describe the Choice
phases of the Fill-in-the-
sexual response Blank
cycle. Short 160
answer
Essay
Learning Multiple 106 100,101,107 103,104 102,105,108
cognitive and Blank
sociocultural Short 161
influences on answer
human sexual Essay
behavior.
Learning Multiple 110,111,112, 109,114,115 121,122 123,124,125,
Objective 11.10 Choice 113,116,117, 118,120 126
Define and 119
describe sexual Fill-in-the-
dysfunctions. Blank
Short 162
answer
Essay
Learning Multiple 129,130,134, 127,128 131,132,135, 133,138
Objective 11.11 Choice 136 137
Define and Fill-in-the-
describe Blank
paraphilic Short 163
disorders. answer
Essay 168
Learning Multiple 139,140,141, 143 147 144,145
Objective 11.12 Choice 142,146
definitions of and Blank
ways to prevent Short 164
various sexually answer
transmitted Essay
infections.
Learning Multiple 149 148,153 154 150,151,152
Analyze how the Fill-in-the-
cross-cutting Blank
Short
2

themes of answer
psychology are Essay 169
related to the topic
of the
sexualization of
girls.
Multiple Choice Questions

1. What general pattern has occurred in people’s attitudes toward sexual morality between the 1970s
and the present?
A) The percentage of American adults who agree that certain types of sexual behavior are “not wrong
at all” has risen over the past several decades.
B) Accepting attitudes toward sexual practices peaked in 1980, but acceptance of nontraditional sexual
behavior has steadily declined since then.
C) There has been a consistent increase in the percentage of American adults who see any form of
nontraditional sexual behavior as immoral.
D) The percentage of American adults who agree that certain types of sexual behavior are “definitely
wrong” has increased over the past several decades.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: NA
Topic: Understanding Gender and Sexuality
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
Adaptive Pathway:
APA LO: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology.
2. The psychological feeling or awareness that there is a mismatch between one’s biological sex and
one’s gender identity, which causes significant distress, is called __________.
A) gender affirmation
B) gender dysphoria
C) gender reassignment
D) gender uncertainty
Answer: B
Topic: Gender Development
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
Adaptive Pathway:
APA LO: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
3. A biological classification of “male” or “female” based on sex chromosomes, reproductive organs,

and anatomical features is called __________.
A) chromosomal assignment
B) gender
C) sex
3
D) gender confirmation
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 11.1 Describe biological bases of gender development.
Topic: The Nature of Gender
Difficulty Level: Easy
Adaptive Pathway:
4. The most common chromosomal pattern for females is __________.

A) XX
B) XY
C) XXY
D) YYZ
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
5. The most common chromosomal pattern for males is __________.

A) XX
B) XYY
C) XY
D) XXY
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
6. Based on chromosomal patterns found in human DNA, how many biological sexes are there?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
Answer: C
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
Adaptive Pathway:
4
7. The chromosomal pattern “X” (known as Turner Syndrome) occurs in a small percentage of
__________; the chromosomal pattern “XXY” (known as Klinefelter Syndrome) occurs in a small
percentage of __________.
A) females; females
B) males; females
C) males; males
D) females; males
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
8. Darlene and Mario just delivered their first child. Whereas most obstetricians happily proclaim, “It’s
a boy!” or “It’s a girl!” in this case the doctor declared, “XY.” What is the biological sex of Mario and
Darlene’s newborn?
A) A female with Klinefelter Syndrome
B) Male
C) A male with Jacob’s syndrome
D) Female
Answer: B
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Adaptive Pathway:
9. The set of behaviors and characteristics that define the degree to which someone is feminine or
masculine is known as __________.
A) gender
B) social identification
C) sex
D) self-esteem
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway
10. Sex is to ___________, whereas gender is to __________.

A) society; self
B) biology; psychology
C) self; society
5
D) psychology; biology
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
11. Which conclusion is correct regarding biological sex, gender identity, and gender expression?
A) Each of these constructs is dichotomous.
B) Each of these constructs is an “either/or” category.
C) Biological sex is a two-choice format, whereas gender constructs fall along a continuum.
D) Each of these constructs exists along a continuum.
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
12. Primary sex characteristics refer to __________.

A) sexual organs and traits that develop during puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction
B) one’s fundamental sense of being female or male
C) the sexual organs present at birth that are directly involved in human reproduction
D) characteristics that define a person’s societal roles as a woman or a man
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
13. Which attribute would be a primary sex characteristic for a female?

A) Testes
B) Breasts
C) Pubic hair
D) Vulva
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
6
14. Which attribute would be a primary sex characteristic for a male?

A) Scrotum
B) Pubic hair
C) Vulva
D) muscle mass
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
15. The __________ is the prenatal precursor of female sex organs, whereas the __________ is the
prenatal precursor of male sex organs.
A) Wolffian system; Müllerian system
B) Müllerian system; Wolffian system
C) androgen insensitivity system; androgen system
D) androgen system; androgen insensitivity system
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
16. Bernardo was born a genetic male with the rare condition of complete androgen insensitivity
syndrome (CAIS). What is likely to happen to Bernardo developmentally?
A) He will exhibit secondary sex characteristics upon birth.
B) He will develop an abnormally large penis and testicles.
C) He will develop external female genitalia.
D) He will have both a visible vagina and testes.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
17. Secondary sex characteristics refer to __________.

A) sexual organs and traits that develop during puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction
B) one’s fundamental sense of being female or male
C) the sexual organs present at birth that are directly involved in human reproduction
D) characteristics that define a person’s societal roles as a woman or a man
Answer: A
7

Adaptive Pathway:
18. Nikki is a 7th-grade girl starting to develop secondary sex characteristics. What changes to her
body should be noticeable?
A) Her voice will become higher-pitched.
B) Nikki will begin to develop ovaries.
C) She will be shorter than most of the boys in her class.
D) Nikki’s breasts will begin to grow.
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
19. Which statement regarding testosterone is correct?

A) A male’s X chromosome triggers the release of testosterone.
B) Testosterone is found only in females.
C) Testosterone is found only in males.
D) Both females and males produce testosterone.
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
20. Fernando identifies as a female, despite having male primary sex characteristics. Fernando’s self-
assessment is known as ___________.
A) androgen disorder
B) gender identity
C) testosterone insufficiency
D) intersex condition
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
21. Florian was born with ambiguous genitalia, a circumstance that medical doctors would classify as a
8
disorder of sex development. What other terminology applies to Florian’s observable characteristics?
A) Intersex
B) Gender dysphoria
C) Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
D) Gender identity
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
22. According to evolutionary theory, certain characteristics make reproduction and survival of
offspring more likely. What term is used for the preference for these characteristics in one sex by the
other?
A) Evolved prowess
B) Sexual fitness
C) Species maintenance
D) Sexual selection
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
23. Based on the evolutionary approach to understanding gender, what trait in a male would be seen as
reproductively desirable by a female?
A) A small body with still-developing muscles
B) Asymmetric facial features
C) The presence of some amount of facial hair
D) Gray or white hair
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
24. Traditionally feminine traits and behaviors are called __________, whereas traditionally masculine
traits and behaviors are called __________.
A) instrumental traits; expressive traits
B) primary traits; secondary traits
C) secondary traits; primary traits
D) expressive traits; instrumental traits
9
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 11.2 Recognize how social and cultural influences affect gender development.
Topic: The Nurture of Gender
Adaptive Pathway:
25. Which trait would be gender-typed as instrumental?

A) Docility
B) Compassion
C) Assertiveness
D) Nurturance
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
26. Taffi is highly gender-typed; she’s a young woman who fully embraces and identifies with
traditionally feminine traits and behaviors. Which descriptor is likely to apply to Taffi’s behaviors and
self-views?
A) Powerful
B) Dominant
C) Aggressive
D) Sensitive
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
27. People who rate themselves high on both stereotypically feminine and stereotypically masculine
traits are described as __________.
A) gender dysphoric
B) androgynous
C) intersex
D) gender uncertain
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
10
28. How does culture contribute to conceptualizations of gender?

A) Many cultures recognize a third gender, indicating that gender is a social construction to some
extent.
B) It doesn’t; gender is defined as a biological designation.
C) Biology accounts for 96 percent of gender awareness, self-definitions add another 3 percent, and
culture contributes 1 percent.
D) All cultures limit themselves to the traditional female/male dichotomy.
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
29. What do hijra, winkte, and kathoeys have in common?

A) They are all culture-bound disorders of genital development.
B) Each is a pathogen affecting testicular development in Southeast Asian cultures.
C) They refer to puberty rites that young girls in Samoa undergo during their transition to womanhood.
D) They are all examples of third genders living in the world today.
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
30. Gunther said to a store employee, “My 3-year-old niece has a birthday and I need to look at the
‘girl toys.’” The employee replied, “We have several aisles full of toys. Perhaps you could think about
what your niece likes to play with, what she likes to do, and what her interests are, and base your
selection on that rather than thinking about her gender.” Who is showing gender-typing in this
situation?
A) Gunther
B) The store employee
C) Gunther’s niece
D) No one
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
31. Which theory of gender development proposes that children learn gendered behavior by observing
11
and imitating adults and then responding to rewards and punishments?

A) Evolutionary theory
B) Social role theory
C) Social learning theory
D) Gender schema theory
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
32. A __________ is a cognitive framework that helps us organize and interpret information.
A) deduction
B) schema
C) proposal
D) proposition
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
33. Four-year-old Tanya listens to recordings of several adult voices. Some are high-pitched, some are
low-pitched, but all of them could be spoken by either a man or a woman. When Tanya hears the
lower-pitched voices, she says, “Oh, that’s a man talking.” Which construct is likely prompting
Tanya’s conclusions?
A) Tanya unconsciously recognizes all the speakers.
B) Tanya has a masculine gender type.
C) Tanya has an androgynous gender type.
D) Tanya has developed a gender schema that includes “men have deep voices.”
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
34. Which scenario illustrates gender schema theory in action?

A) Four-year-old Mark gets a tea set for Christmas and refuses to play with it because “it’s for girls.”
B) Martina likes to play rugby.
C) Three-year-old Jessica’s favorite toy is a football.
D) Nathan paints his fingernails a bright shade of red, imitating his mother.
Answer: A
12
Adaptive Pathway: 11.1.1
35. Which person’s behavior is consistent with gender schema theory?

A) Sharon wants to be a truck driver when she grows up.
B) Keith likes playing with his toy kitchen set.
C) Angelina likes playing with her machine gun water blaster.
D) After watching the show “Men in Trucks” for months, Miguel decides he wants to be a truck driver
when he grows up.
Answer: D
36. Which situation illustrates the social learning theory of gender?

A) Marco saw his older sister choose some shiny pink polish for her fingernails; he asked for some as
well, and she replied, “Sure, why not?”
B) Luisa watches as her mother waits for her father to walk around and open the car door for her; when
later playing with her friends, Luisa says, “A lady doesn’t open the door for herself.”
C) Bettina asks for a hockey mask for her birthday, and her parents exclaim, “Great choice!”
D) Octavio selected a camouflage T-shirt with Death Before Dishonor written on it, to wear to his
football practice.
Answer: B
Difficulty Level:
37. Expectations about the way women and men behave are called ___________, whereas widely held
concepts about women and men based solely on their gender are called __________.
A) gender identities; gender types
B) gender stereotypes; gender identities
C) gender roles; gender stereotypes
D) gender types; gender roles
Answer: C
13

38. Fake job applications were sent out to 100 employers. The applications were identical, except one
applicant was a female and the other applicant was a male. The male applicant was invited to an
interview twice as often as the female applicant. This is an example of _____________.
A) sexism
B) gender dysphoria
C) racism
D) gender schema theory
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
39. Which situation illustrates benevolent sexism?

A) Jinny and Herman split the bill each time they go out on a date, or at least remember to alternate
paying every other time.
B) Debra recognizes that women are just as strong as men are, and that women are just as assertive as
men are.
C) Oscar holds the door open for the woman entering the building, but lets it swing shut on the man
walking in behind her.
D) Renaldo holds the church door open for a woman and her children, the able-bodied man after them,
the elderly woman in a wheelchair, and his cousin Floyd.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
40. The majority of people who experience gender dysphoria are sexually attracted to __________.
A) no one, by definition
B) individuals of their own birth sex
C) individuals of the opposite birth sex
D) individuals of either birth sex
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 11.3 Explain transgender experiences.
Topic: Transgender Experiences
Adaptive Pathway:
14
41. A person whose gender identity is different from that which was assigned at birth is described as
__________.
A) transgender
B) gender-disordered
C) gender astereotypic
D) sex reductive
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
42. Linda has experienced persistent gender dysphoria since she was an adolescent. Now, as a young
adult, she has taken to wearing her hair in a crewcut and dressing in the style of a man. She has begun
to introduce herself to others as “Leon,” and has made an appointment to consult with a specialist
surgeon. How can Linda’s behavior be characterized?
A) She has changed her sexual orientation.
B) She is transgender and in a period of transitioning.
C) She has rejected traditional male sex roles.
D) She has become asexual.
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
43. What is the biggest obstacle for someone considering a gender transition?
A) It can present an inconvenience to friends and family.
B) A person experiencing gender dysphoria might just be “going through a phase.”
C) It can be economically and socially costly.
D) There is no research evidence investigating the outcomes of transitioning.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
44. What did an analysis of hundreds of studies examining gender differences conclude?
A) Women and men are similar on most (but not all) psychological variables, and any differences tend
to be quite small.
B) Women and men are similar on most psychological variables, but when differences do occur, the
differences tend to be substantial.
15
C) There are large differences between women and men on most psychological variables.
D) Women and men show pronounced differences on most psychological variables, with most
differences in the moderate range.
Answer: A
Topic: Gender Similarities and Differences
Adaptive Pathway
APA LO: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology
45. What conclusion can be reached regarding gender differences and intelligence?
A) Women show much higher performance on verbal skills than men do, whereas men show much
higher performance on spatial skills than women do.
B) There is a small but reliable tendency for females to outperform males on measures of verbal skills,
and for males to outperform females on measures of spatial skills.
C) There are no measurable gender differences related to intelligence.
D) There is a small but reliable tendency for males to outperform females on measures of verbal skills,
and for females to outperform males on measures of spatial skills.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 11.4 Explain gender differences in cognitive abilities, including intelligence and
memory.
Topic: Gender Differences in Cognitive Abilities
Adaptive Pathway:
46. On which particular aspect of verbal skills do women tend to outperform men?
A) Comprehension
B) Vocabulary
C) Reading speed
D) Verbal fluency
Answer: D
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
47. What conclusion did earlier research (i.e., prior to the 1990s) on gender differences and
mathematical ability reach?
A) Females had a small but significant advantage over males in math skill.
B) Males had a large and significant advantage over females in math skill.
C) Males had a small but significant advantage over females in math skill.
D) There were no gender differences in math skill.
16
Answer: C
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
48. What conclusion has recent research (i.e., since the 1990s) on gender differences and mathematical
ability shown?
A) The evidence clearly shows that males have a large and significant advantage over females in math
skill.
B) There are mixed results, with some studies finding a slight male advantage for math skills and other
studies finding no consistent gender differences.
C) There are no gender differences in math skill.
D) The evidence shows that females outperform males in most measures of math skill.
Answer: B
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
49. When you recall your 16th birthday party, you are using what type of memory?
A) Procedural memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Episodic memory
D)Implicit memory
Answer: C
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
50. Females tend to have better __________ than males, especially for content that is emotional in
nature.
A) semantic memory
B) implicit memory
C) episodic memory
D) procedural memory
Answer: C
17
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
51. An emotionally charged childhood event (e.g., being frightened by an aggressive dog barking
loudly and lunging) may be recalled many years later. Based on research findings regarding gender
differences and memory, who would be most likely to recall that event?
A) Rocco, a 27-year-old man
B) Julianna, a 20-year-old woman
C) Pierre, a 30-year-old man
D) Wilhelm, a 52-year-old man
Answer: B
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
52. How are gender differences in memory similar to gender differences in intelligence?
A) In both domains, women and men are more similar to one another than they are different.
B) Studies of both memory and intelligence tend to show a female advantage for most skills measured.
C) Gender differences in memory are large, just as gender differences in intelligence are large.
D) Studies of both memory and intelligence tend to show a male advantage for most skills measured.
Answer: A
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
53. What definition of aggression do behavioral scientists adopt?

A) Any purposeful behavior intended to cause physical or psychological harm to others
B) Any behavior, intentional or not, that produces an unwanted outcome for another person
C) Any behavior, intended or not, that produces an unwanted outcome for any living thing
D) Behavior that is self- or other-directed that causes malicious consequences
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe gender differences related to social behaviors.
Topic: Gender Differences in Social Behavior
Adaptive Pathway:
18
54. Farley was minding his own business when his neighbor, Brutus, started screaming at him over the
fence. “FARLEY!! The next time your dog tears up my pansies, I swear I’m going to take a baseball
bat and come over there and bash you over the head with it!!” Farley replied meekly, “But . . . I don’t
even own a dog.” What kind of behavior was Brutus demonstrating?
A) Indirect aggression
B) Physical aggression
C) Verbal aggression
D) Relational aggression
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
55. Priscilla knew that Gladys had never liked her. One day, when they ran into each other in the
supermarket checkout line, Gladys remarked, “Oh, you’re buying those low-calorie cookies. Good for
you for trying to do something about all the weight you’ve gained.” What kind of behavior was Gladys
demonstrating?
B) Physical aggression
C) Verbal aggression
D) Relational aggression
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
56. Gregor and Nico have had multiple conflicts at work. During a meeting with a different co-worker,
Gregor said, “It wouldn’t surprise me at all if we found out Nico is using drugs.” What kind of
behavior was Gregor demonstrating?
B) Translational aggression
C) Physical aggression
D) Direct aggression
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
19
57. Many converging lines of evidence support the idea that physical aggression is more prevalent in
__________ than in __________.
A) women; men
B) adults; children
C) children; adults
D) men; women
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
58. Which argument would work against the explanation that gender roles have socialized men to be
more physically aggressive than women?
A) As gender-stereotypic roles for men have declined over the past several decades, physically
aggressive acts committed by men have also declined.
B) As gender roles have changed over the past several decades, there has not been a corresponding
increase in female physical aggression nor a decrease in male physical aggression.
C) Rates of female physical aggression have historically been lower than rates of male physical
aggression.
D) As women’s roles have changed over the past several decades, rates of women committing violent
crimes has correspondingly increased.
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
59. Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in indirect aggression?
A) No gender differences have been found in rates of indirect aggression among children and
adolescents.
B) Men are much more likely to engage in indirect aggression than women.
C) Gender differences in indirect aggression among adults are consistently shown to be large.
D) No gender differences in indirect aggression have been found for adults, but there have been gender
differences found in children and adolescents.
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
20
60. Women tend to be __________ in their leadership style, whereas men tend to be __________.
A) directive; supportive
B) assertive; welcoming
C) democratic; directive
D) opinionated; reserved
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
61. Based on historical and current trends, who is most likely to hold a leadership position in business
or government in the United States?
A) Nadia, an African-American woman in her 30s
B) Brent, an Asian man in his 20s
C) Carla, a Hispanic woman in her 40s
D) Henry, a white man in his 60s
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
62. Brynn wants to know about females who have been the leaders of the world’s countries. Based on
data from the past 50 years, her teacher correctly states __________
A) “The majority of countries around the world have not had any female leaders.”
B) “The majority of countries around the world have had at least one female leader.”
C) “Only a few countries around the world have not had a female leader.”
D) “The majority of countries around the world have had a female leader for at least 15 years.”
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
63. The quality and number of meaningful relationships an individual has among friends, family, and
the community is known as __________.
A) dynamic influence
B) social connectedness
C) power distance
D) dyadic intimacy
Answer: B
21

Adaptive Pathway:
64. The desire for social connectedness is often seen to a greater extent among __________, whereas
the desire for independence is often seen to a greater extent among __________.
A) men; women
B) children; adults
C) women; men
D) adults; children
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
65. Both women and men report having more intimate, enjoyable, and nurturing friendships with
__________.
A) coworkers
B) women
C) family members
D) men
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
66. __________ refers to the pattern of a person’s sexual attractions.

A) Sex role
B) Sexual selection
C) Gender type
D) Sexual orientation
Answer: D
Topic: Sexual Orientation
Adaptive Pathway:
22
67. People who are sexually attracted to both sexes are known as __________.
A) heterosexual
B) gender-typed
C) bisexual
D) gender dysphoric
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
68. __________ is self-directed, whereas __________ is usually other-directed.

A) Heterosexuality; bisexuality
B) Gender identity; sexual orientation
C) Bisexuality; heterosexuality
D) Gender schema; gender role
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
69. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest percentage of people who tend to self-identify as
lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT)?
A) White Americans
B) African Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Asians
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 11.6 Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual orientations.
Topic: Sexual Orientation: Definitions and Prevalence
Adaptive Pathway:
70. Which racial or ethnic group has the lowest percentage of people who tend to self-identify as
lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT)?
A) White Americans
B) African Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Asians
Answer: A
23

Adaptive Pathway:
71. Which conclusion reflects our current understanding regarding sexual orientation?
A) Sexual orientation is dichotomous.
B) Sexual orientation is an “either/or” attraction.
C) Sexual orientation is a two-choice format, whereas biological sex fall along a continuum.
D) Sexual orientation exists along a continuum.
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
72. How does sexual orientation identity differ from sexual activity?
A) Sexual orientation identity is a synonym for sexual activity.
B) Sexual orientation describes the attraction a person feels toward others; sexual activity describes the
behaviors others direct toward that same person.
C) A person’s self-labeled orientation does not preclude that person engaging in sexual activity
characteristic of a different sexual orientation.
D) Sexual activity refers to heterosexual behaviors, whereas sexual orientation refers to bisexuality.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
73. Terri self-identifies as heterosexual, and was married to a man for many years. She is currently in a
long-term committed sexual relationship with a woman, and has no plans to end that relationship.
However, if asked her sexual orientation, Terri would say that she is still primarily attracted to men.
What does this situation illustrate?
A) Gender typing
B) Erotic plasticity
C) Intersex
D) Gender dysphoria
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
24
74. Which conclusion accurately summarizes sexual behavior in the animal kingdom?
A) Many species engage in a variety of same-sex sexual behaviors.
B) Only mammals show evidence of engaging in same-sex sexual behaviors.
C) Humans are unique in their enactment of same-sex sexual behaviors.
D) Humans, elephants, and one species of shark have been the animals directly observed during same-
sex sexual behaviors.
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
75. In which geographic location are attitudes toward homosexuality least accepting?
A) North America
B) Europe
C) Latin America
D) Africa
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
76. Among Americans, how have attitudes toward same-sex marriage changed during the 2000’s?
A) Support for same-sex marriages has steadily declined since 2000.
B) As of 2016, the majority of Americans support same-sex marriage.
C) As of 2016, the majority of Americans oppose same-sex marriage.
D) The amount of support for same-sex marriages has remained the same since 2000.
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
77. Which discredited theory of sexual orientation argued that traumatic childhood experiences (such
as sexual abuse) coupled with faulty psychological development caused homosexuality?
A) Maslow’s humanistic perspective
B) Bandura’s social-learning theory
C) Diamond’s interpersonal theory
D) Freud’s psychodynamic perspective
25
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 11.7 Understand the research findings about the causes of sexual orientation.
Topic: Research on the Cause of Sexual Orientation
Adaptive Pathway:
78. What conclusion did the American Psychological Association reach regarding the association
between childhood sexual abuse and the development of sexual orientation?
A) Sexual abuse was more prevalent among children who grew up to identify as gay, lesbian, or
bisexual, than among children who identify as heterosexual.
B) Sexual abuse was more prevalent among children who grew up to identify as heterosexual, than
among children who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
C) Sexual abuse was no more prevalent in children who grew up to identify as gay, lesbian, or
bisexual, than in children who identify as heterosexual.
D) Sexual abuse was more prevalent among children who grew up to identify as bisexual than among
children who grew up to identify as gay or lesbian.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
79. What is the association between same-sex parents and their children developing a same-sex
orientation?
A) Most research shows that parental orientation does not affect children’s orientation, although some
evidence suggests that daughters of lesbians are more open to same-sex relationships.
B) Boys raised by gay men tend to develop a same-sex sexual orientation, whereas girls raised by
lesbian parents tend to develop a heterosexual orientation.
C) Girls raised by gay men tend to develop a lesbian orientation, whereas boys raised by lesbian
parents tend to develop a heterosexual orientation.
D) Most research shows that children of same-sex couples will themselves develop same-sex sexual
orientations.
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
80. Which finding is supported by research evidence regarding the relationship between genetics and
sexual orientation?
A) Gay men and lesbians tend to have a larger proportion of heterosexual siblings than heterosexuals
do.
26
B) Gay men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their mother’s side of the family than on their
father’s side.
C) The same genetic pattern is found in 90 percent of gay men and 85 percent of lesbians tested to
date.
D) Gay brothers share a gene in common on the Y chromosome, even though other genes on that
chromosome differ.
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
81. Boris is a gay man who has an identical twin, Clarence. Based on genetic analyses, what is the
percent likelihood that Clarence is also gay?
A) 15 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 65 percent
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
82. Samuel is a gay man who has a fraternal twin, Jed. Based on genetic analyses, what is the percent
likelihood that Jed is also gay?
A) 15 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 65 percent
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
83. According to the __________, each additional older brother that a male has increases the odds that
the male will be gay by 33 percent.
A) genetic determinism perspective
B) X-chromosome hypothesis
C) critical sibling effect
D) fraternal birth-order effect
27
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
84. Which brain structure has been linked anatomically and functionally to sexual orientation in a
variety of studies?
A) Pons
B) Hypothalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Frontal lobe
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
85. Virtually all males with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) report their sexual
orientation as __________.
A) gay
B) bisexual
C) heterosexual
D) asexual
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
86. Cynthia is sexually attracted to other women, which describes her __________. Claudia feels like a
man trapped in the body of a woman, which describes her __________.
A) sexual orientation; sexual orientation
B) gender identity; gender identity
C) sexual orientation; gender identity
D) gender identity; sexual orientation
Answer: C
Difficulty Level:
28
87. Nunzio is sexually attracted to women, although he also feels that, deep inside himself, he too is a
woman. Which statement is accurate regarding Nunzio’s situation?
A) Nunzio’s sexual orientation is bisexual, and Nunzio’s gender identity is homosexual.
B) Nunzio’s sexual orientation is toward women, and Nunzio’s gender identity is that of a woman.
C) Nunzio’s sexual orientation is heterosexual, and Nunzio’s gender identity is homosexual.
D) Nunzio’s sexual orientation is produced by his gender identity.
Answer: B
88. What does it mean to say that “sexual orientation falls along a continuum?”
A) Sexual orientation can be either heterosexual or homosexual, which in turn determines sexual
behavior.
B) Sexual orientation is a choice between two options, reflected in sexual behavior based on that
choice.
C) People do not always describe themselves as exclusively homosexual or heterosexual and can feel
varying degrees of both.
D) Sexual orientation is a preference for one or more sex partners at a time.
Answer: C
89. Rolando is asked on a questionnaire to indicate his sexual orientation, and chooses “predominantly
heterosexual, but more than incidentally homosexual.” What does his self-rated categorization
illustrate?
A) Sexual orientation falls along a continuum between exclusively heterosexual and exclusively
homosexual.
B) Sexual orientation is an either/or choice.
C) Sexual behavior determines sexual orientation.
D) Sexual orientation is unchanging and enduring.
Answer: A
29
90. What conclusion do researchers currently hold regarding the causes of sexual orientation?
A) Sexual orientation is 60 percent due to genetics and 40 percent due to environmental factors.
B) Parenting styles exert the greatest impact on determining sexual orientation.
C) Peer influence accounts for 50 percent of the variance in sexual orientation.
D) The exact cause of sexual orientation is not currently known.
Answer: D
91. A gay male (Jorge), lesbian female (Sandra), and heterosexual male (Thomas) discussed sexual
orientation. Jorge argued that genetics was the cause of sexual orientation, while Sandra argued that
environment was the cause of sexual orientation. Thomas argued that brain structures and hormones
cause sexual orientation. Which of these friends is correct in her or his conclusions regarding the
origins of sexual orientation?
A) Jorge
B) Sandra
C) Thomas
D) None of them; we currently don’t know what causes sexual orientation.
Answer: D
92. What is the correct order of Masters and Johnson’s phases of the sexual response cycle?
A) Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
B) Excitement, orgasm, plateau, resolution
C) Resolution, excitement, plateau, orgasm
D) Plateau, orgasm, excitement, resolution
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 11.8 Describe the phases of the sexual response cycle.
Topic: Physiology of Sex
Adaptive Pathway:
93. Which phase of the human sexual response cycle represents the climax of sexual response?
A) Excitement
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution
30
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
94. Which phase of the human sexual response cycle represents a return to normal functioning?
A) Excitement
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
95. Connie and Stephanie were stimulating each other sexually. Both women experienced an extended
period of sexual excitement prior to reaching orgasm. What is this period called?
A) Excitement
B) Plateau
C) Orgasm
D) Resolution
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
96. What does a refractory period refer to in the human sexual response cycle?
A) A period of time after a male’s orgasm when another orgasm is not yet possible
B) A very brief period between the excitement and plateau phases
C) A very brief period between the plateau and orgasm phases
D) A period of time prior to the excitement phase when a woman’s body “prepares” for sexual
stimulation
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
31
97. Among female mammals, at what point during the estrus cycle does estrogen peak?
A) During the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle
B) During ovulation
C) During menstruation
D) During the orgasm phase of the sexual response cycle
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
98. What effect does testosterone have on human females’ sex drive?
A) Testosterone diminishes sex drive in women.
B) Testosterone eliminates a woman’s sex drive.
C) Testosterone increases sex drive in women.
D) Testosterone has no effect on a woman’s sex drive; drive is controlled by estrogen.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
99. Dominic is a man in his early 50s. Lately he has been experiencing a diminished sex drive. What
might Dominic’s doctor recommend to boost his drive?
A) Wearing a testosterone patch
B) Infusions of estrogen
C) A reduction in androgens
D) Lowering Dominic’s testosterone levels
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
100. Which of the following statements is true regarding sexually arousing stimuli?
A) Men prefer sexually explicit stimuli while women prefer romantic stimuli.
B) Both men and women show higher levels of sexual arousal when exposed to sexually explicit
stimuli as opposed to romantic stimuli.
C) Women prefer sexually explicit stimuli while men prefer romantic stimuli.
D) Both men and women show higher levels of sexual arousal when exposed to romantic stimuli as
opposed to sexually explicit stimuli.
32
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 11.9 Recognize the cognitive and sociocultural influences on human sexual
behavior.
Topic: Cognitive and Sociocultural Influences on Sexual Behavior
Adaptive Pathway:
101. In terms of brain responses to sexually arousing stimuli, women demonstrated higher levels of
brain activation when exposed to __________, whereas men demonstrated higher levels of brain
activation when exposed to __________.
A) sexually explicit images; sexually ambiguous images
B) explicit sexual material depicting genitalia and intercourse; romantic material featuring sexual
tension
C) opposite-sex sexual behavior; same-sex sexual behavior
D) erotic material focused on a storyline; hardcore sexually explicit materials
Answer: D
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
102. A general conclusion regarding female and male sexual arousal is that women are more
influenced by __________, whereas male arousal is more dependent on __________.
A) the context of the sexual stimuli; the context of the sexual stimuli
B) the gender of the actors in the sexual stimuli; the context of the sexual stimuli
C) the context of the sexual stimuli; the gender of the actors in the sexual stimuli
D) the gender of the actors in the sexual stimuli; the gender of the actors in the sexual stimuli
Answer: C
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
103. After viewing explicit sexually arousing material, Arnold reported feeling very aroused. What
would physiological measures of Arnold’s current state likely reveal?
A) A heightened state of arousal consistent with the reported feelings
B) No arousal whatsoever
C) A lowered state of arousal inconsistent with the reported feelings
D) No predictable pattern of arousal associated with the reported feelings
Answer: A
33
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
104. After viewing erotic sexually arousing material, Amanda reported feeling very aroused. What
would physiological measures of Amanda’s current state likely reveal?
A) A heightened state of arousal consistent with the reported feelings
B) No arousal whatsoever
C) A lowered state of arousal inconsistent with the reported feelings
D) No predictable pattern of arousal associated with the reported feelings
Answer: D
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
105. Both Arnold and Amanda report being equally aroused by their exposure to sexually stimulating
material. What would brain scans of the activity in their respective amygdalae likely reveal?
A) Both Arnold and Amanda are likely to show comparable levels of heightened activation in their
amygdalae.
B) Arnold is likely to show greater activation in his amygdala compared to Amanda.
C) Amanda is likely to show greater activation in her amygdala compared to Arnold.
D) Neither Arnold nor Amanda should show any activation of their amygdalae, as there is no
association between that brain structure and sexual arousal.
Answer: B
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
106. Implicit and explicit rules about what behavior is considered appropriate in a given society are
called __________.
A) laws
B) statutes
C) social norms
D) traditions
Answer: C
34
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
107. Catholicism holds as one of its tenets that chastity (abstinence from sexual intercourse) before
marriage should be practiced. This is an example of a __________ influence on sexual behavior.
A) sociocultural
B) biological
C) political
D) geopolitical
Answer: A
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
108. Tina was horrified to learn that her next-door neighbors, who recently immigrated from a
different country, routinely walk around naked in front of their adolescent children. Which of the
following statements would help Tina understand this behavior?
A) Any practices that depart from her own personal beliefs must be abhorrent and deviant.
B) There are fundamental standards of decency that are the same across all cultures.
C) Cultural variation is the first step toward the collapse of world civilization.
D) Different cultures have different norms regarding sexuality, nudity, self-expression, and
permissiveness.
Answer: D
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
109. How is sexual dysfunction defined?

A) Ongoing problems with sexual functioning that cause distress and impairment for individuals and
relationships
B) Miscommunications between sexual partners that lead to unsatisfying sexual relations for all parties
involved
C) Occasional or sporadic inability to perform sexually due to stress, anxiety, worry, or fatigue
D) Occasional or sporadic lack of desire; sexual functioning remains intact, but emotional commitment
or emotional connectedness is missing
Answer: A
35
Learning Objective: 11.10 Define and describe sexual dysfunctions.

Topic: Sexual Dysfunctions
Adaptive Pathway:
110. Which statement is correct regarding sexual functioning?

A) Impaired sexual functioning affects only a very small percentage of the adult population.
B) Most people experience problems with sexual functioning on occasion.
C) Problems with sexual functioning are caused by problems in interpersonal communication.
D) Sexual impairment is most often a sign of an underlying neurological problem.
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
111. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), what criteria
need to be in place to diagnose impaired sexual functioning?
A) Functioning is impaired at least 25 percent of the time, and the problem has lasted at least 1 year
B) Functioning is impaired at least 50 percent of the time, and the problem has lasted at least 10
months
C) Functioning is impaired at least 75 percent of the time, and the problem has lasted at least 6 months
D) Functioning is impaired at least 95 percent of the time, and the problem has lasted at least 3 months
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
112. There are __________ female conditions classified as sexual dysfunctions and __________ male
conditions classified as sexual dysfunctions.
A) two; seven
B) two; two
C) five; three
D) three; four
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
36
113. Which of the following statements is true regarding the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions?
A) Sexual dysfunctions are extremely rare.
B) Sexual dysfunctions are not as common as other conditions such as depression or schizophrenia.
C) Sexual dysfunctions are among the most prevalent of all disorders.
D) Sexual dysfunctions are equally common to other conditions such as depression.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
114. Sexual interest/arousal disorder takes place during the __________ phase of the sexual response
cycle.
A) excitement
B) plateau
C) orgasm
D) resolution
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
115. Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder takes place during the __________ phase of the sexual
response cycle.
A) excitement
B) plateau
C) orgasm
D) resolution
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
116. Which of the following sexual dysfunction affects females?

A) Erectile disorder
B) Premature ejaculation
C) Sexual interest/arousal disorder
D) Delayed ejaculation
Answer: C
37

Adaptive Pathway:
117. Which sexual dysfunction does not affect females?

A) Female orgasmic disorder
D) Genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
118. What does desire discrepancy refer to in the context of sexual dysfunctions?
A) A mismatch between a person’s desired sexual activity and that same person’s actual sexual activity
B) An imbalance in the desired frequency of sexual activity between two partners
C) Sexual behavior that is statistically deviant from cultural norms or standards
D) An amount of sexual activity that is significantly greater than that of one’s peer group over the
same time period
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
119. Erectile disorder, premature ejaculation, and delayed ejaculation are all disorders that occur
during the __________ phase of the sexual response cycle.
A) excitement
B) plateau
C) orgasm
D) resolution
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
38
120. How is delayed ejaculation defined?

A) Being unable to ejaculate during sexual activity after 25–30 minutes of continuous sexual
stimulation
B) A recurrent inability to achieve or maintain an adequate erection during partnered sexual activities
C) Being unable to ejaculate during sexual activity after 45–60 minutes of continuous sexual
stimulation
D) Being unable to ejaculate during sexual activity after 5–10 minutes of continuous sexual stimulation
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
121. Studies have shown that __________ percent of women report an inability to orgasm during
vaginal intercourse.
A) 60–70
B) 5–10
C) 70–90
D) 20–30
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
122. Claus takes a pill approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat his sexual
dysfunction. What dysfunction does Claus most likely have?
A) Erectile disorder
D) Genitopelvic pain disorder
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
123. Which factor would be a physiological contributor to sexual dysfunction?

A) Inadequate education
B) Relationship conflict
C) Hormonal abnormalities
D) Stress
39
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
124. Which factor would be a physiological contributor to sexual dysfunction?

A) Prior sexual abuse
B) Medications
C) Anxiety
D) Depression
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
125. Which factor would be a sociocultural contributor to sexual dysfunction?

A) Partner technique
B) Prior sexual abuse
C) Substance abuse
D) Societal taboos
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
126. Which factor would be an interpersonal contributor to sexual dysfunction?

A) Relationship quality
B) Medications
C) Fatigue
D) Depression
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
127. What is a paraphilic disorder?

40
A) Atypical sexual behavior that is not engaged in by the majority of sexually active adults, and the
behavior is of a generally low frequency of occurrence.
B) Atypical sexual behavior that involves consenting others, and the behavior causes heightened levels
of distress agreed to by the consenting others.
C) Atypical sexual behavior that causes adaptive difficulties to others, and the behavior involves the
infliction of pain to the person enacting the behavior.
D) Atypical sexual behavior that causes stress to the person, and/or the behavior makes the person a
serious threat to the mental health or physical well-being of others.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 11.11 Define and describe paraphilic disorders.
Topic: Paraphilic Disorders
Adaptive Pathway:
128. Which paraphilic disorder involves a nonconsenting victim?

A) Fetishistic disorder
B) Sexual masochism disorder
C) Sexual sadism disorder
D) Transvestic disorder
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
129. Which paraphilic disorder is defined by recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or
rubbing against a nonconsenting person?
A) Exhibitionistic disorder
B) Frotteuristic disorder
C) Voyeuristic disorder
D) Fetishistic disorder
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
130. Which paraphilic disorder involves recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being
humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer?
A) Sexual masochism disorder
41
D) Sexual sadism disorder

Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
APA LO: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
131. Abner experiences intense sexual urges in the presence of 9-year-old girls. He has recurrent
fantasies about having sexual intercourse with children, and he finds these fantasies very arousing.
What paraphilic disorder does Abner have?
A) Exhibitionistic disorder
B) Sexual sadism disorder
C) Frotteuristic disorder
D) Pedophilic disorder
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
132. Lawrence experiences intense sexual arousal from exposing his penis to groups of unsuspecting
young women at the mall or a sporting event. What paraphilic disorder does Lawrence have?
A) Voyeuristic disorder
B) Fetishistic disorder
C) Exhibitionistic disorder
D) Pedophilic disorder
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
133. How does transvestic disorder differ from gender dysphoria?

A) Transvestic disorder refers to a diagnosable sexual dysfunction; gender dysphoria is a paraphilic
disorder.
B) Transvestic disorder refers to sexual arousal achieved by cross-dressing; gender dysphoria refers to
feelings that a person was born with the body of the wrong sex.
C) Transvestic disorder is a form of transgender affecting heterosexuals; gender dysphoria is a
paraphilic disorder affecting gay men and lesbians.
D) Transvestic disorder is a paraphilia involving a nonconsenting victim; gender dysphoria refers to
the rejection of traditional and stereotypical female and male societal roles.
Answer: B
42

Adaptive Pathway:
134. Which paraphilic disorder is defined by recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an
unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or who is engaging in sexual activity?
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
135. Stanley derives intense sexual arousal from belittling, humiliating, and degrading his sexual
partners. In many cases his arousal is heightened by burning the back of their necks with cigarettes or
whipping them. What paraphilic disorder does Stanley have?
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
136. Which paraphilic disorder involves recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of
one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person?
A) Fetishistic disorder
B) Exhibitionistic disorder
D) Voyeuristic disorder
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
43
137. Thurston works from home, yet twice a week he travels downtown specifically to board the
crowded subway trains shuttling people home from work and school. He waits until he spots a young
unaccompanied woman holding onto the pole in the middle of the subway car. He then positions
himself behind her and allows the bumps and movements of the train to conceal the rubbing of his
genitals against the woman. Thurston derives intense sexual arousal from this activity. What paraphilic
disorder does Thurston have?
A) Voyeuristic disorder
B) Exhibitionistic disorder
D) Fetishistic disorder
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
138. Claude derives intense sexual arousal from dressing as a woman although he describes his gender
identity as male. Which term correctly describes Claude’s activities?
A) Transgender
B) Gender dysphoria
C) Bisexuality
D) Transvestic disorder
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
139. Without treatment, which sexually transmitted infection can lead to paralysis or blindness?
A) Syphilis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Chlamydia
D) Trichomoniasis
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 11.12 Recognize the definitions of and ways to prevent various sexually
transmitted infections.
Topic: Sexually Transmitted Infections
Adaptive Pathway:
44
140. Without treatment, which sexually transmitted infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease?
A) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) Chlamydia
C) Herpes simplex virus
D) Trichomoniasis
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
141. Without treatment, which sexually transmitted infection can lead to genital warts or cervical
cancer?
A) Syphilis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
D) Trichomoniasis
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
142. Findings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that half of all
newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections occur in people aged _________.
A) 35 to 40
B) 30 to 35
C) 25 to 30
D) 15 to 24
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
143. Pelvic inflammatory disease can result in __________.

A) infertility
B) blindness
C) bone cancer
45
D) deafness
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
144. According to findings from the CDC, what percentage of total HIV infections come from the 15–
24 age group?
A) 15
B) 26
C) 49
D) 63
Answer: B
Adaptive Pathway:
145. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are found in __________.

A) 1 in 10 sexually active adolescent females
B) 1 in 4 sexually active adolescent males
C) 1 in 4 sexually active adolescent females
D) 1 in 3 sexually active adolescent males
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
146. According to findings from the CDC, how many women become infertile each year due to
undiagnosed sexually transmitted infections?
A) 10,000
B) 24,000
C) 50,000
D) 122,000
Answer: B
46

Adaptive Pathway:
147. Caitlyn has had seven sexual partners within the last year, often as a result of heavy consumption
of alcohol. She rarely uses a condom or other device that protects against skin-to-skin contact. She has
had gonorrhea previously, but she doesn’t visit a gynecologist regularly. What is the likelihood that
Caitlyn will contract a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the near future?
A) Very low; her “track record” so far has been relatively risk free.
B) Very low; her behaviors are inconsistent with known risk factors for contracting STIs.
C) Moderate; her alcohol consumption is worrisome, but her other behaviors are typical of most young
adults.
D) Very high; she exhibits most of the risk factors for STIs.
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
148. What does sexualization refer to?

A) Sexually objectifying a person, such that her or his value comes only from sexual appeal or sexual
behavior
B) Sexual behaviors that are preferred, given a person’s sexual orientation
C) The process of adopting a heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual orientation
D) The process of transitioning from one’s biological sex to one’s psychological or “felt” sex
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 11.13 Analyze how the cross-cutting themes of psychology are related to the topic
of the sexualization of girls.
Topic: Piecing It Together: Sexualization of Girls
Adaptive Pathway:
149. __________ occurs when a girl focuses more on how her body is perceived by others than on her
own internal perception of her body.
A) Sexualization
B) Self-objectification
C) Degradation
D) Objectification
Answer: B
47

Adaptive Pathway:
150. Women and men who were exposed to images of “barely legal” pornography (i.e., models
appearing to be underage) later completed a lexical decision-making task. What did the results reveal?
A) Both women and men exposed to barely legal pornography were faster to recognize sexual words
after they saw images of older-aged (i.e., age 50 and above) models.
B) Women (but not men) exposed to barely legal pornography were faster to recognize sexual words
after they saw images of child models.
C) Men (but not women) exposed to barely legal pornography were faster to recognize sexual words
D) Both women and men exposed to barely legal pornography were faster to recognize sexual words
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
151. What did an examination of Rolling Stone magazine covers from 1967 to 2009 reveal?
A) Nonsexualized images of women increased steadily across that time period.
B) Sexualized images of men accounted for 75 percent of the magazine covers.
C) Hypersexualized images of women increased dramatically after the 1980s.
D) Hypersexualized images of men increased dramatically between 1967 and 1970.
Answer: C
Adaptive Pathway:
152. Combining categories of hypersexuality (i.e., sexy clothing, partial nudity, thin frames, beautiful
appearance), which age group tended to be consistently sexualized in an analysis of motion pictures
intended for a family audience?
A) Children (age 4–12 years)
B) Teens (age 13–20 years)
C) Young adults (age 21–39 years)
D) Middle age adults (age 40–64 years)
Answer: B
48

Adaptive Pathway:
153. What trend has characterized the depiction of females in video games, magazine advertisements
and images, magazine covers, and clothing styles over the past several decades?
A) Females, especially young females, have been increasingly sexualized in these various depictions.
B) Young females have maintained a demure and modest depiction in these various outlets.
C) Women have gained an equal standing with men in depictions showing competence, leadership, and
mastery.
D) Depictions of older women have become increasingly sexualized to make them appear younger.
Answer: A
Adaptive Pathway:
154. Eight-year-old Sierra is asked to examine several images of young girls and select one that is most
similar to the way she would ideally like to dress, and the way she thinks most popular girls her age
should dress. Based on research findings, which image is Sierra likely to choose?
A) A young girl wearing an ankle-length dress.
B) A young girl wearing shorts and a T-shirt.
C) A young girl wearing a sweater and cargo pants.
D) A young girl wearing a tube top, cut-offs, and high heels
Answer: D
Adaptive Pathway:
Short-Answer Questions
155. Describe the two most common genetic patterns related to biological sex, and identify any two
other patterns that could occur.
Answers may vary, but should contain the following for full credit:
The two most common patterns are XX and XY. In the XX pattern a child receives one X chromosome
from each parent, and the child is female. In the XY pattern a child receives an X chromosome from
the mother and a Y chromosome from the father, and the child is male. Other patterns include: [any
49
two of these are acceptable]: X, XXY, XYY, XXXY

Adaptive Pathway:
156. Summarize the primary and secondary sex characteristics of females and males, and explain the
distinction between the two classifications.
Primary sex characteristics refer to sexual organs that are present at birth and that are directly involved
in human reproduction. The primary sex organs in males are the penis, scrotum, and testes; in females
they are the vagina, vulva, ovaries, and associated internal and external genitalia. Secondary sex
characteristics are sexual organs and traits that develop at puberty but are not directly involved in
reproduction. In males these include enlargement of the genitalia, lowering of voice pitch,
redistribution of muscle and fat, and the appearance of facial, pubic, and body hair. In females the
secondary sex characteristics are enlargement of the genitalia, development of the breasts, and growth
of armpit and pubic hair.
Adaptive Pathway:
157. Compare instrumental traits and expressive traits, and provide an example of each.
Instrumental traits are traditionally masculine traits and behaviors, such as aggressiveness, dominance,
or rationality. Expressive traits are traditionally feminine traits and behaviors, such as emotionality,
expressiveness, or passivity.
Adaptive Pathway:
158. Compare physical, verbal, direct, and indirect forms of aggression.

Physical aggression includes any behavior that threatens physical harm or actually causes physical
harm to another person. Verbal aggression is communication that is intended to cause psychological
rather than physical harm. Both physical and verbal aggression can be forms of direct aggression in
that they involve active behavior. Indirect aggression, by comparison, does not directly involve the
target, and can be accomplished by spreading rumors, avoiding the target, or persuading others to
dislike the target of aggression.
50

Adaptive Pathway:
159. Discuss the term erotic plasticity and relate it to sexual orientation and sexual behavior.
Erotic plasticity refers to sexuality that is less strongly felt and may be more fluid. It is usually
experienced by women more than men. Although a person’s sexual orientation might be heterosexual,
erotic plasticity means that the person might be attracted to and engage in same-sex sexual behavior. It
also means that sexual orientation might change over time or remain definitionally ambiguous.
Adaptive Pathway:
160. Summarize the phases of the human sexual response cycle identified by William Masters and
Virginia Johnson.
Masters and Johnson identified four phases: Excitement (a period of arousal), Plateau (a period of
sexual excitement prior to orgasm), Orgasm (climax of the sexual response cycle), and Resolution (a
return to normal functioning).
Adaptive Pathway:
161. What general preferences do women and men have regarding sexually stimulating material?
Women generally prefer sexually stimulating material that is erotic and focuses on a storyline. Men
generally prefer sexually stimulating material that is hardcore, explicit, and focusing on genitals and
intercourse.
behavior.
Adaptive Pathway:
162. Describe the female and male sexual dysfunctions that can occur during the orgasm phase of the
sexual response cycle.
There are three male sexual dysfunctions and one female sexual dysfunction that can occur during the
51
orgasm phase. For females, female orgasmic disorder is a significant delay, reduction of intensity, or
cessation of ability to achieve orgasm. For males, erectile disorder refers to a recurrent inability to
achieve or maintain an adequate erection during partnered sexual activities. Premature ejaculation and
delayed ejaculation both refer to ejaculation at inappropriate times during the course of sexual activity.
Adaptive Pathway:
163. What are the defining features of a paraphilic disorder?

All paraphilic disorders involve atypical sexual behavior, but that alone doesn’t characterize the
behavior as disordered. Rather, the behavior must also 1) cause distress to the person, and 2) make the
person a serious threat to the mental health or physical well-being of others.
Adaptive Pathway:
164. Describe three ways to lower the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Answers may vary, but any three of the following will answer the question:
There are several avenues to reducing risk factors for STIs: 1) practice abstinence, 2) use condoms, 3)
have fewer sex partners, 4) receive a vaccine if one is available, 5) visit a physician and get tested, 6)
communicate with sex partners, 7) limit drug or alcohol use, as they can impair judgment and decision
making.
Adaptive Pathway:
Essay Questions
165. Explain how biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation each exist
along a continuum. Describe the relevant anchor points for each construct.
Until recently, constructs related to sex and gender were considered dichotomous, or “either/or”
categories. Researchers have begun to appreciate that most sex and gender constructs now exist along a
continuum, such as:
Biological sex: Female Intersex Male

52
Gender identity: Woman Third Gender Man

Gender expression: Feminine Androgynous Masculine
Sexual orientation: Exclusively heterosexual Bisexual Exclusively homosexual
With this new understanding comes a greater awareness that one’s gender identity, expression, or
behaviors can be fluid rather than rigid, and that societally defined traditional categories may not
capture a given individual’s psychological or behavioral experience.
Adaptive Pathway:
166. Summarize the research on gender differences in intelligence and memory. What general pattern
has been found in the literature, and what overall conclusion can be reached from these investigations?
Answer: Some gender differences in both intelligence and memory have been found. For example,
women tend to outperform men on measures of verbal fluency, men tend to outperform women on
measures of mathematical ability, men tend to outperform women on measures of spatial ability, and
women tend to outperform men on measures of episodic memory. However, 1) in all cases the amount
of difference between the genders is typically rather small, 2) in most cases the disparity between
women and men tends to be shrinking, and 3) in many cases the pattern is inconsistent (e.g., of all the
forms that memory can take, a reliable difference has been found for episodic memory but not
semantic, declarative, procedural, and so on).
Learning Objective: 11.4 Explain gender differences in cognitive abilities including intelligence and
memory.
Adaptive Pathway:
167. Summarize the research on the origins of sexual orientation. Why is the current answer to this
question “We don’t know”?
The origins of sexual orientation are complex, and it is unlikely that a single cause will be identified.
Evidence from genetics shows that the likelihood of a gay man’s identical twin also being gay is 50
percent; among fraternal twins it is 15 percent. However, likelihoods less than 100 percent indicate that
more than genetics must be at work. The fraternal birth-order effect, although intriguing, also leaves
room for multiple interpretations. Anatomical differences between the brains of gay and heterosexual
men, and gay men and lesbians, have been identified, but these post-mortem studies are open to
interpretation as well. Psychodynamic explanations of compromised parenting have been rejected, but
clearly there is a role for environmental influences of some kind, given the incompleteness of the
genetic evidence. In short, the current answer to the question, “What causes sexual orientation?” is
“We don’t know.”
53

Adaptive Pathway:
168. Compare sexual sadism disorder with sexual masochism disorder, and exhibitionistic disorder
with voyeuristic disorder.
All paraphilias involve recurrent and intense sexual arousal derived from some situation, behavior,
object, or person. In sexual sadism disorder that arousal comes from inflicting physical or
psychological suffering on another person, whereas in sexual masochism disorder the arousal results
from being humiliated, degraded, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer. In exhibitionistic
disorder arousal results from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person, whereas in voyeuristic
disorder arousal comes from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of
disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity.
Adaptive Pathway:
169. Describe three lines of research evidence that illustrate the increasing sexualization of girls.
Answers may vary, but any three of the following will answer the question:
• Exposure to “barely legal” pornography increases the association between viewing images of
children and having faster response times to sexual words.
• Archival studies of Rolling Stone magazine demonstrated an increase in the hypersexualization

of women on the magazine covers over a multidecade period.
• Content analyses of family films between 2006 and 2011 showed that teen girls were
sexualized more often than teen boys, and were likely to be shown in sexy clothing or partially
nude.
• Female characters in video games are depicted in sexually revealing clothing more often than
are male characters.
• Six- to nine-year-old girls identify and prefer sexualized images of paper dolls as
demonstrating both popularity and their own self-ideals.
• Content analyses of Seventeen and Girls’ Life magazines found increasingly sexualized images
of girls over the past several decades.
Adaptive Pathway:
54
55
Adaptive Pathway Questions

Adaptive Pathway 11.1: Gender Theories
The following pathway will test your understanding of this topic and adapt to your needs. Be sure to
answer all of the questions and watch any of the short videos presented.
MISCONCEPTION #1 = Difficulty understanding gender schema theory.

Pinpoint Question
Which of the following is an example of gender schema theory?
a) A preschool boy draws a prize out of a grab bag. Upon seeing the purple stuffed animal, he
angrily exclaims “I don’t want this—purple is a girl color!”
Correct. The boy has developed a gender schema for colors and associates the color purple with
femininity.
b) Three-year-old Eva is provided with a choice between two toys. She immediately selects the
car and refuses to play with the doll.
c) After watching his mother apply her makeup, Lincoln sneaks into her cosmetics drawer later
that morning and puts on lipstick, blush, and mascara.
d) Keisha believes she was fired after taking maternity leave due to her supervisor’s belief that
mothers are not as dedicated to their jobs.
Follow-up Question
Which of the following is an example of gender schema theory?
a) Simon, a single man, believes sexism prevented him from being allowed to adopt a child.
Incorrect. Gender schema theory focuses on the development of beliefs about what is “male” or
“masculine” and what is “female” or “feminine.” The scenario involving Logan is the correct
answer and demonstrates that Logan’s schema for girls includes skirts but his schema for boys
does not. Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a note for
yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and even provide an example from your
own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to talk with your instructor.
b) Reggie asked Santa for a tool belt just like his father’s for Christmas.
c) During a family trip to Scotland, 3-year-old Logan was shocked to see men wearing kilts. He
loudly exclaimed “boys don’t wear skirts!”
Correct. Logan’s schema for girls includes skirts but his schema for boys does not.
d) The Lego company recently began to market building sets for girls.
56
MISCONCEPTION #2 = Difficulty understanding the social learning theory of gender.

Pinpoint Question
After watching her older brothers play football, Lilly grabbed her friend and tackled her to the floor.
Her mother scolded her and stated “that’s not very ladylike.” The next time she played with the same
friend, she was very careful and gave her a big hug. This is an example of which theory?
a) Gender schema theory
b) Role theory
c) Gender identity development theory
d) Social learning theory
Correct. Lilly observed a behavior from her brothers and then was punished for repeating the
behavior because her mother considered it inappropriate for her gender and then she changed
her behavior in the future.
Follow-up Question
Which of the following is an example of the social learning theory of gender development?
a) Logan was confused when he met a woman who was taller than his father. He stated “You
can’t be a girl—you’re too tall.”
Incorrect. Social learning theory focuses on observational learning and reinforcement, both of
which are represented in Brent’s scenario. Consider returning to the text where this concept is
first discussed and create a note for yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and
even provide an example from your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to
talk with your instructor.
b) Brent first chose a fairy costume for preschool dramatic playtime after watching his big sister
dress up as a fairy for Halloween. However, his preschool playmates told him, “that’s a girl
outfit,” so he changed his mind and put on the fireman suit.
Correct. Social learning theory focuses on observational learning and reinforcement, both of
which are represented in Brent’s scenario.
c) Kelly was frustrated that the only t-shirts for girls were in pastel colors.
even provide an example from your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to
talk with your instructor.
d) To encourage girls to consider science careers, the engineering club from a local college
began offering presentations to elementary schools.
even provide an example from your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure
to talk with your instructor.
57
Adaptive Pathway 11.2: Sexual Orientation
The following pathway will test your understanding of this topic and adapt to your needs. Be sure to
answer all of the questions and watch any of the short videos presented.
MISCONCEPTION #1 = Difficulty distinguishing between sexual orientation and gender

identity.
Pinpoint Question
Since he was a young child, Tom has felt that he was a female trapped in a male body. Rebecca, on the
other hand, is content as a woman but she is also sexually attracted to other women. Which of the
following terms is the most appropriate when discussing these two situations?
a) Tom: gender identity
Rebecca: sexual orientation
Correct. The statement about Tom is referring to his gender identity, whereas the statement
about Rebecca is referring to her sexual orientation.
b) Tom: sexual orientation
Rebecca: gender identity
c) Tom: gender identity
Rebecca: gender identity
d) Tom: sexual orientation
Rebecca: sexual orientation
Follow-up Question
Which of the following descriptions includes aspects of <em>both</em> gender identity and sexual
orientation?
a) Kalie felt confused about dating as an adolescent because she found herself equally attracted
to both boys and girls.
Incorrect. Reggie’s description contains elements of gender identity in that he was born female
but identifies as male and elements of sexual orientation in that he is sexually attracted to men.
Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a note for yourself.
Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and even provide an example from your own life,
if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to talk with your instructor.
b) Despite being born biologically female, Reggie has always considered himself to be a male
and has also always been attracted to other men.
Correct. Reggie’s description contains elements of gender identity in that he was born female
c) Logan grew up as “Leann” and underwent a sex change procedure when he was 25 to become
a man.
Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a note for
d) Adam has always been attracted to women and he has never engaged in any same-sex sexual
activity.
58
Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a note for
yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and even provide an example from
your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to talk with your instructor.
MISCONCEPTION #2 = Difficulty understanding that sexual orientation occurs on a

continuum.
Pinpoint Question
Which of the following statements correctly characterizes sexual orientation as being on a continuum?
a) People describe their sexual orientation as clearly either heterosexual or homosexual.
b) The way people behave sexually defines their sexual orientation.
c) Sexual orientation can fluctuate between exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive
homosexuality and anywhere in between.
Correct. This statement correctly describes sexual orientation as being on a continuum
between exclusive heterosexuality and exclusive homosexuality.
d) Sexual orientation is an enduring and unchanging disposition.
Follow-up Question
Sexual orientation is viewed as existing on a continuum. This means that
a) sexual orientation is viewed as unchanging and enduring.
Incorrect. Sexual orientation can vary from exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive homosexuality
to anywhere in between. In addition, people do not always label their sexual orientation based
on their type of sexual activities. Consider returning to the text where this concept is first
discussed and create a note for yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and
even provide an example from your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure
to talk with your instructor.
b) sexual orientation is seen as having gradual degrees of differences and doesn’t always
correspond with sexual behavior.
Correct. Sexual orientation can vary from exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive homosexuality
to anywhere in between. In addition, people do not always label their sexual orientation based
on their type of sexual activities.
c) sexual orientation is an “either/or” variable such that people are either considered
heterosexual or homosexual.
Incorrect. Sexual orientation can vary from exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive
homosexuality to anywhere in between. In addition, people do not always label their sexual
orientation based on their type of sexual activities. Consider returning to the text where this
concept is first discussed and create a note for yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your
own words and even provide an example from your own life, if possible. If you are still having
trouble, be sure to talk with your instructor.
d) if someone engages in same-sex sexual behavior, the person’s sexual orientation is believed
to be homosexual.
Incorrect. Sexual orientation can vary from exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive
homosexuality to anywhere in between. In addition, people do not always label their sexual
orientation based on their type of sexual activities. Consider returning to the text where this
59
concept is first discussed and create a note for yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your
own words and even provide an example from your own life, if possible. If you are still having
trouble, be sure to talk with your instructor.
MISCONCEPTION #3 = Difficulty understanding that the cause of sexual orientation is

unknown.
Pinpoint Question
Which of the following statements regarding the cause of sexual orientation is correct?
a) Sexual orientation is the result of environmental factors.
b) Sexual orientation is the result of genetic factors.
c) The exact cause of sexual orientation is not currently known.
Correct. There is no known cause for sexual orientation at this point in time.
d) Sexual orientation is the result of one’s upbringing.
Follow-up Question
Imagine you are attending a lecture, and the speaker makes the following statement: “How a person is
raised is the most important factor in determining his or her sexual orientation.” Which of the
following would be the most accurate response to this statement?
a) “Actually, sexual orientation is determined by genetics.”
Incorrect. The cause of sexual orientation is unclear at this point, although there are several
findings suggesting that there is likely a biological component to determining sexual orientation.
Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a note for yourself.
Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and even provide an example from your own life,
if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to talk with your instructor.
b) “While your statement is true, you could be more specific in stating that parenting styles are
the most important factor in determining sexual orientation.”
findings suggesting that there is likely a biological component to determining sexual
orientation. Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a
note for yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and even provide an example
from your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to talk with your
instructor.
c) “We actually don’t know what determines sexual orientation at this point, but there are
some findings that suggest there is likely a biological component to sexual orientation.”
Correct. The cause of sexual orientation is unclear at this point, although there are several
orientation.
d) “Research shows that sexual orientation is determined by purely biological factors.”

orientation. Consider returning to the text where this concept is first discussed and create a
note for yourself. Try to rephrase the concept in your own words and even provide an example
from your own life, if possible. If you are still having trouble, be sure to talk with your
instructor.
60
Revel Quiz Questions

The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for
Psychology, 1e.
End of Module Quiz 11.1: Gender Development
EOM Q11.1.1
__________ is our biological classification while __________ is our psychological classification along
the continuum of maleness and femaleness.
a) Sex; gender
b) Gender; sex
Consider this: One is based on the DNA, our reproductive organs, and our anatomical features,
and the other is based on a set of societal behaviors or characteristics. LO 11.1: Describe
biological bases of gender development.
c) X chromosome; Y chromosome
d) Y chromosome; X chromosome
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 11.1: Describe biological bases of gender development.
EOM Q11.1.2
__________ are the sexual organs present at birth which are directly involved in human reproduction.
a) Secondary sex characteristics
Consider this: These are visible at birth and influence how a child is treated. LO 11.1: Describe
b) Primary sex characteristics
c) Mullerian system
d) Wolffian system
Answer: b
61
EOM Q11.1.3
Ben is a nurse who is known as gentle and nurturing with his patients. On his days off, he plays soccer
with his children. Ben’s wife Nikki is a president of a bank and is known for making tough decisions
and being an independent thinker. Her hobbies are cooking and sewing. Both Ben and Nikki exhibit
what Sandra Bem calls __________ traits.
a) masculine
Consider this: People who demonstrate these traits are often highly functioning and effective.
LO 11.2: Understand how social and cultural influences affect gender development.
b) gender-typed
c) androgynous
d) neutral
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 11.2: Understand how social and cultural influences affect gender development.
EOM Q11.1.4
When Suki was asked what role she wanted in the school play about the Wild West, she said she would
be the cook for the cowboys because girls aren’t rowdy. Which theory of gender development best
explains Suki’s behavior?
a) androgynous behavior
Consider this: This assumes that children learn about gender using cognitive categories of what
is “male” and “female.” LO 11.2: Understand how social and cultural influences affect gender
development.
b) gender development
development.
c) gender schema theory
d) social learning theory
development.
Answer: c
EOM Q11.1.5
Which theory of gender development focuses on the role of observational learning and reinforcement?
a) social learning theory
62
b) role theory
Consider this: This theory assumes that children learn about gender from imitating adults and
receiving rewards/punishments. LO 11.2: Understand how social and cultural influences affect
gender development.
c) gender schema theory
gender development.
d) gender identity development theory
gender development.
Answer: a
EOM Q11.1.6
__________ refers to the period of time when a transgender individual begins to live as the gender
with which they identify.
a) Transgender
Consider this: This time period may involve social, medical, and legal steps. LO 11.3: Explain
transgender experiences.
b) Transitioning
c) Homosexuality
d) Gender identity disorder
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 11.3: Explain transgender experiences.
EOM Q11.1.7
__________ refers to a mismatch between gender and biological sex resulting in distress, while
__________ refers to the gender to which someone is sexually attracted.
a) Sexual identity; sexual orientation
Consider this: Gender identity should not be confused with the concept of sexual attraction. LO
11.3: Explain transgender experiences.
b) Sexual orientation; gender dysphoria
c) Gender dysphoria; sexual orientation
d) Sexual orientation; sexual identity
63
Answer: c
End of Module Quiz 11.2: Gender Similarities and Differences
EOM Q11.2.1
Erin has excelled on the debate team in high school. She is skilled at understanding complex concepts,
developing arguments to support her ideas, and expressing those arguments verbally. This set of skills
is known as __________.
a) intelligence
Consider this: These skills include the ability to analyze information and solve problems using
language-based reasoning. LO 11.4: Explain gender differences in cognitive abilities, including
intelligence and memory.
b) processing speed
c) spatial reasoning skills
d) verbal reasoning skills
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 11.4: Explain gender differences in cognitive abilities, including intelligence and
memory.
EOM Q11.2.2
Overall, research suggests that gender differences in the areas of intelligence and memory are
__________.
a) minimal
b) moderate
Consider this: Research suggests there are more similarities than dissimilarities between the
genders regarding cognitive functioning. LO 11.4: Explain gender differences in cognitive
abilities, including intelligence and memory.
c) significant
d) nonexistent
64
Answer: a
memory.
EOM Q11.2.3
According to several studies, females perform slightly better at which type of memory tasks?
a) episodic
b) procedural
Consider this: This is memory of your own past experiences. LO 11.4: Explain gender
differences in cognitive abilities, including intelligence and memory.
c) semantic
d) sensory
Answer: a
memory.
EOM Q11.2.4
Tomas is a 5th grader who is caught at recess throwing rocks at the girls and kicking some of the boys.
This type of behavior is known as __________.
a) distinct aggression
Consider this: This is behavior that causes bodily harm to another person. LO 11.5: Explain
gender differences related to social behaviors.
b) physical aggression
c) verbal aggression
d) indirect aggression
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 11.5: Explain gender differences related to social behaviors.
65
EOM Q11.2.5
Men are more likely than women to engage in __________ aggression, while some studies have shown
that women are slightly more likely than men to engage in __________ aggression.
a) verbal; direct
Consider this: This is the distinction between aggressive acts that do or do not directly involve
the target of the aggression. LO 11.5: Explain gender differences related to social behaviors.
b) verbal; physical
c) indirect; direct
d) direct; indirect
Answer: d
End of Module Quiz 11.3: Sexual Orientation
EOM Q11.3.1
In surveys, what percent of Americans identify themselves as LGBT
(lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender)?
a) 30 percent
Consider this: Most Americans overestimate the number of people who identify as LGBT. LO
11.6: Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual orientations.
b) 25 percent
c) 15 percent
d) less than 10 percent
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 11.6: Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual orientations.
EOM Q11.3.2
The concept of __________ argues that women’s sexuality may be less strongly felt and more fluid
than men’s sexuality.
a) erotic plasticity
b) sexual orientation identity
Consider this: Women tend to change their identified sexual orientation label more often than
men. LO 11.6: Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual orientations.
66
c) sexual crisis plasticity

d) erotic orientation identity
Answer: a
EOM Q11.3.3
Which of the following statements regarding sexual orientation is accurate?
a) Sexual orientation exists on a continuum.
b) People describe their sexual orientation as clearly either heterosexual or homosexual.
Consider this: Most experts believe sexual behavior ranges from exclusive heterosexuality to
exclusive homosexuality. LO 11.6: Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual
orientations.
c) The way people behave sexually defines their sexual orientation.
orientations.
d) Sexual orientation and gender identity are the same.
orientations.
Answer: a
EOM Q11.3.4
The cause of sexual orientation is __________.
a) environmental factors
Consider this: No definitive evidence has been discovered about the cause of sexual orientation.
LO 11.7: Understand the research findings about the causes of sexual orientation.
b) unknown
c) genetic factors
d) childhood sexual abuse
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 11.7: Understand the research findings about the causes of sexual orientation.
67

EOM Q11.3.5
Elliott is 25 and has identified his sexual orientation as gay since he was 15 years old. He has three
older brothers and no older sisters. One theory that might help explain his sexual orientation is known
as the __________ effect.
a) sibling sexuality
Consider this: Each additional older brother a male has increases the odds that the male is gay
by 33 percent. LO 11.7: Understand the research findings about the causes of sexual
orientation.
b) DNA sharing
orientation.
c) fraternal birth order
d) maternal birth
orientation.
Answer: c
EOM Q11.3.6
What structure of the brain has been linked to sexual orientation?
a) limbic system
Consider this: This structure is most often discussed in relation to sexual behavior. LO 11.7:
Understand the research findings about the causes of sexual orientation.
b) thalamus
c) amygdala
d) hypothalamus
Answer: d
End of Module Quiz 11.4: Human Sexual Behavior
EOM Q11.4.1
68
Which two researchers were responsible for groundbreaking findings regarding the physiology of
sexual behavior?
a) Masters and Johnson
b) Masters and Kinsey
Consider this: They focused most of their work on what happens in the body during sexual
stimulation. LO 11.8: Describe the phases of the sexual response cycle.
c) Kinsey and Johnson
d) Johnson and Johnson
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 11.8: Describe the phases of the sexual response cycle.
Topic: Human Sexual Behavior
EOM Q11.4.2
Joaquin is a 21-year-old college student who enjoys an active sex life. He participated in a survey on
the reasons he engages in sexual behavior. One of the reasons that he did NOT likely list was
__________.
a) procreation
b) availability of partners
Consider this: People engage in sexual behavior more often than is required for procreation. LO
11.8: Describe the phases of the sexual response cycle.
c) physical enjoyment
d) relationship closeness
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 11.8: Describe the phases of the sexual response cycle.
EOM Q11.4.3
Sexual thoughts that lead to physiological arousal can be caused by both __________ stimuli such as
thoughts and memories and __________ stimuli such as erotic images or videos.
a) external; internal
Consider this: Cognition plays an important role in sexual behavior through both of these types
of stimuli. LO 11.9: Recognize the cognitive and sociocultural influences on human sexual
behavior.
b) internal; external
c) physical; cognitive
69
behavior.
d) cognitive; physical
behavior.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 11.9: Recognize the cognitive and sociocultural influences on human sexual
behavior.
EOM Q11.4.4
Ben and Leslie have been married for 5 years. Their sexual relationship is still active and exciting, but,
similar to findings related to gender differences in sexual arousal, they have learned that Ben is
stimulated more by __________ and Leslie is stimulated more by __________.
a) nonphysical images; physical images
Consider this: Studies have found gender differences in sexually arousing stimuli. LO 11.9:
Recognize the cognitive and sociocultural influences on human sexual behavior.
b) romantic images; erotic images
c) “physically” erotic images; erotic materials with a storyline
d) erotic materials with a storyline; physically erotic images
Answer: c
behavior.
EOM Q11.4.5
Sexual behavior can be influenced by __________, or the spoken and unspoken rules about what is
considered appropriate.
a) social behavior
Consider this: These rules are influenced by factors such as politics, media and religion. LO
11.9: Recognize the cognitive and sociocultural influences on human sexual behavior.
b) religious morals
c) cultural influences
d) social norms
70
Answer: d
behavior.
End of Module Quiz 11.5: Sexual Disorders and Sexually Transmitted Infections
EOM Q11.5.1
A problem in sexual functioning that causes distress and impairment for individuals and relationships
is referred to as a(n) __________.
a) sexual dysfunction
b) physiological disorder
Consider this: These disorders are more prevalent than other psychological disorders. LO
11.10: Define and describe sexual dysfunctions.
c) sexual functioning issue
d) erectile disorder
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 11.10: Define and describe sexual dysfunctions.
Topic: Sexual Disorders and Sexually Transmitted Infections
EOM Q11.5.2
Zara and Rohan have been dating for 13 months. At first, their sexual relationship was very healthy.
However, for the last 6 months, Zara has shown little interest in sex and usually declines any sexual
advances that Rohan makes. Zara may be experiencing what type of sexual dysfunction?
a) sexual interest/arousal disorder
b) sexual paraphilia
Consider this: The desire discrepancy between partners may be problematic. LO 11.10: Define
and describe sexual dysfunctions.
c) female orgasmic disorder
d) hyperactive sexual desire disorder
Answer: a
71
EOM Q11.5.3
Sexual behaviors that cause distress to a person or that cause physical or mental distress to another
person are referred to as __________.
a) atypical sexual disorders
Consider this: These sexual behaviors are not pathological if they occur between two
consenting adults. LO 11.11: Define and describe paraphilic disorders.
b) paraphilic disorders
c) pathological sexual disorders
d) sexual dysfunctions
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 11.11: Define and describe paraphilic disorders.
EOM Q11.5.4
Jared is a 17-year-old male who gets sexually excited and aroused when he exposes his genitals to
strangers on the subway. Jared may be experiencing what type of paraphilic disorder?
a) voyeuristic disorder
Consider this: This disorder is an example of atypical sexual behavior. LO 11.11: Define and
describe paraphilic disorders.
b) frotteuristic disorder
c) exhibitionistic disorder
d) fetishistic disorder
Answer: c
EOM Q11.5.5
What age group accounts for nearly half of all newly acquired STIs (sexually transmitted infections)?
a) over 50
Consider this: Adolescent females are particularly at risk with 1 in 4 sexually active females
having an STI. LO 11.12: Recognize the definition and ways to prevent various sexually
b) 35–50
72
c) 25–34
d) 15–24
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 11.12: Recognize the definition and ways to prevent various sexually transmitted
infections.
EOM Q11.5.6
Catrina had chlamydia when she was 18 years old and she never sought treatment. She is now 30 years
old and struggling to become pregnant. What disease related to infertility can be caused by untreated
chlamydia?
a) pelvic inflammatory disease
b) gonorrhea
Consider this: This is the leading cause of infertility in women. LO 11.12: Recognize the
definition and ways to prevent various sexually transmitted infections.
c) human papillomavirus (HPV)
d) pelvis pain disorder
Answer: a
infections.
End of Module Quiz 11.6: Piecing It Together: Sexualization of Girls
EOM Q11.6.1
__________ occurs when a person’s value comes only from his/her sexual appeal or behavior to the
exclusion of other characteristics, and when a person is sexually objectified, for example, made into a
thing for another’s sexual use.
a) Sexualization
b) Other objectification
Consider this: This been identified by the APA as an increasing problem related to girls. LO
11.13: Analyze how the cross-cutting themes of psychology are related to the topic of the
sexualization of girls.
73
c) Self-objectification
d) Hyper-feminization
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 11.13: Analyze how the cross-cutting themes of psychology are related to the
topic of the sexualization of girls.
EOM Q11.6.2
Rianna, a 13-year-old girl, always worries about how her body appears to other people. Instead of
sitting comfortably in a chair, she positions her body in a way that she thinks would look attractive to
others. When she looks in the mirror, she always thinks about how other people would evaluate her
appearance. Rianna is demonstrating characteristics of __________.
a) hyper-sexualization
Consider this: This occurs when a person focuses more on how their body is perceived by
others than their own internal perception of their body. LO 11.13: Analyze how the cross-
cutting themes of psychology are related to the topic of the sexualization of girls.
b) self-objectification
c) low self-esteem
d) decreased sexual interest
Answer: b
EOM Q11.6.3
Studies have found that when people viewed sexualized pictures of young girls, it led them to equate
__________ with __________.
a) middle age; sexuality
Consider this: Research clearly shows negative consequences for the sexualization of young
girls. LO 11.13: Analyze how the cross-cutting themes of psychology are related to the topic of
the sexualization of girls.
b) sexual behavior; deviance
74
c) youth; sexuality
d) youth; deviant behavior
Answer: c
EOM Q11.6.4
What organization encourages girls to speak up to promote healthier media images of young women?
a) NOW
Consider this: Media ethics are very difficult to legislate, and the movement to protest the
sexualization of young women has focused on education and advocacy. LO 11.13: Analyze
how the cross-cutting themes of psychology are related to the topic of the sexualization of girls.
b) Girls and Women Unite
c) SPARKLE
d) SPARK
Answer: d
EOM Q11.6.5
When comparing gender differences in sexualization, research has demonstrated that __________ are
most often the targets of sexualization.
a) girls and women
b) boys and men
Consider this: Studies examining Rolling Stones magazine covers, video game characters, and
clothing styles have supported this finding. LO 11.13: Analyze how the cross-cutting themes of
psychology are related to the topic of the sexualization of girls.
c) older women
75
d) young boys
Answer: a
End of Chapter Quiz: Human Sexuality and Gender
EOC Q11.1
Which sex organs are the first to develop?
a) gonads
b) ovaries
Consider this: These are identical in male and female fetuses for the first four weeks. LO 11.1:
Describe biological bases of gender development.
c) testicles
d) androgens
Answer: a
Topic: Human Sexuality and Gender
EOC Q11.2
Bob was genetically born a male but due to the failure of androgen receptors when he was a fetus, he
developed female genitalia. This condition is referred to as __________.
a) external genitalia syndrome
Consider this: Androgens are secreted in utero to develop male sex organs. If the gonads fail to
receive these androgens, then external female genitalia can develop. LO 11.1: Describe
b) complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
c) hermaphroditism
d) Wolffian syndrome
76
Answer: b
EOC Q11.3
In 5th grade, Marcia started noticing that her breasts were developing and that her shorts were getting
tighter because her hips were bigger. What are these noticeable changes in the body called?
a) adolescence
Consider this: Girls tend to experience these changes 2 years before boys. LO 11.1: Describe
b) primary sex characteristics
c) secondary sex characteristics
d) Müllerian system
Answer: c
EOC Q11.4
Huan and Abrielle know they are having a baby girl in 2 months. They have discussed that they want
to avoid the stereotypes for gender in regard to colors and toys for their child, but they are not sure
they can avoid the way others interact with their child. Research shows that girls are __________ and
boys are __________.
a) left to cry it out; rocked more often
Consider this: As infants, boys and girls are dressed and treated differently. LO 11.2:
Understand how social and cultural influences affect gender development.
b) quieter and sleep more; rowdier and sleep less
c) given toy trucks; given princess dolls
d) talked to more often and treated more gently; played with more roughly
Answer: d
77
EOC Q11.5
Fraternal 3-year-old twins, Ben and Bella, dressed up in their mother’s high heel shoes. Their mom
exclaimed “Bella, you look so beautiful!” but said to Ben “those look so silly on you.” Ben
immediately went and put on his father’s loafers instead. Which theory of gender development best
explains this scenario?
a) social learning theory
b) gender schema theory
Consider this: This theory focuses on the role of observational learning and reinforcement. LO
11.2: Understand how social and cultural influences affect gender development.
c) stereotype theory
d) gender identity theory
Answer: a
EOC Q11.6
Tony is a 5-year-old boy who loves to play with dolls and play house. When he enters kindergarten, he
notices that most of the girls do those activities while the boys play ball and tag. He goes home and
tells his dad that he is going to start playing ball and tag at recess because that is what boys do. Which
theory of gender development best explains Tony’s decision to change activities?
a) gender schema theory
b) social learning theory
Consider this: This theory focuses on the use of cognitive frameworks for organizing gender
information. LO 11.2: Understand how social and cultural influences affect gender
development.
c) gender conformity
development.
d) gender learning theory
development.
Answer: a
EOC Q11.7
What percentage of adults have a diagnosis of gender dysphoria?
78
a) 10 percent
Consider this: Gender dysphoria refers to persistent feelings of identification with the
opposite gender and discomfort with the sex assigned at birth. LO 11.3: Explain transgender
experiences.
b) less than 1 percent
c) 5 percent
experiences.
d) more than 15 percent
experiences.
Answer: b
EOC Q11.8
Natal males (those born as biological males) are __________ likely to develop gender dysphoria
compared to natal females (those born as biological females).
a) equally
Consider this: One biological sex is more likely to develop gender dysphoria than the other
biological sex. LO 11.3: Explain transgender experiences.
b) less
c) more
d) not
Answer: c
EOC Q11.9
Marcus and Suri are on a road trip driving across the United States. Marcus states that he should
navigate because men have better spatial skills than women. Suri replies that __________.
a) there are no reliable studies that prove conclusively the differences between male and female
brains
Consider this: Of all the intelligence measures, verbal and spatial reasoning skills have been the
most widely researched in terms of gender differences. LO 11.4: Explain gender differences in
cognitive abilities, including intelligence and memory.
79
b) those differences are just because men are told they are better at spatial skills and no real
differences exist
c) women have superior intelligence in both verbal and spatial skills
d) while the differences between male and female verbal and spatial skills have been widely
researched, the differences are quite small
Answer: d
memory.
EOC Q11.10
Professor Fisher states that men are better than women at math, which is why you see more men in the
science and math departments. Rosales, who is a student, replies that __________.
a) recent research shows a decrease in the gender gap on mathematical performance measures
b) men are better naturally at math, but women can work harder and become good at math
Consider this: Progress has been made at gender equity in math achievement, but more works
needs to be done. LO 11.4: Explain gender differences in cognitive abilities, including
c) men’s brains are just wired to perform mathematical calculations
d) research has shown that men are gifted at math and women are gifted at verbal reasoning
Answer: a
memory.
EOC Q11.11
Males have shown a slight advantage in __________ skills, while females have shown a slight
advantage in __________ skills.
a) spatial; verbal
b) intellectual; relational
Consider this: These are two components of intelligence. LO 11.4: Explain gender differences
in cognitive abilities, including intelligence and memory.
80
c) memory; language
d) verbal; memory
Answer: a
memory.
EOC Q11.12
Celeste takes unflattering pictures of her classmates and posts them on Instagram, encouraging others
to write mean and hateful captions about the pictures. This behavior would be labeled __________
aggression.
a) physical
Consider this: This type of behavior is intended to make others not like an individual. LO 11.5:
Explain gender differences related to social behaviors.
b) indirect
c) verbal
d) direct
Answer: b
EOC Q11.13
__________ refers to the quality and number of meaningful relationships an individual may have
among friends, family, and the community.
a) Social independence
Consider this: Men tend to be more socially dominant in most cultures, while women tend to
have higher levels of this characteristic. LO 11.5: Explain gender differences related to social
behaviors.
b) Social dominance
behaviors.
c) Social connectedness
d) Social individualism
81
behaviors.
Answer: c
EOC Q11.14
During a sporting event, two opposing fans get into an argument, and one of them threatens to punch
the other in the face. This is an example of both __________ and __________ aggression.
a) direct; indirect
Consider this: Aggression can be divided into categories of indirect/direct and physical/verbal.
LO 11.5: Explain gender differences related to social behaviors.
b) physical; indirect
c) indirect; verbal
d) physical; direct
Answer: d
EOC Q11.15
Which of the following statements suggests that sexual orientation exists on a continuum?
a) Someone does not have to be exclusively homosexual or heterosexual but can feel varying
degrees of both.
b) People clearly identify as either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.
Consider this: A continuum suggests there are a range of different sexual orientations. LO 11.6:
Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual orientations.
c) Sexual orientation is an either/or issue.
d) People experience sexual orientation as a dichotomy between heterosexuality and
homosexuality.
Answer: a
82
EOC Q11.16
Darcy identifies as a gay man and Selah identifies as a transgender woman. Darcy is referring to
__________ while Selah is referring to __________.
a) sexual orientation; gender identity
b) gender identity; sexual orientation
Consider this: Darcy is referring to sexual attraction, while Selah is referring to her personal
experience of her gender. LO 11.6: Recognize the definition and prevalence of various sexual
orientations.
c) sexual preference; gender identity
orientations.
d) sexual behavior; sexual orientation
orientations.
Answer: a
EOC Q11.17
Individuals from racial/ethnic minorities appear to self-identify as LGBT __________ than White
Americans.
a) slightly less often
Consider this: Rates of people identifying as LGBT across all groups in a 2012 Gallup poll
ranged from 3.2–4.6 percent. LO 11.6: Recognize the definition and prevalence of various
sexual orientations.
b) slightly more often
c) at rates 2–3 times less often
d) at rates 2–3 times more often
Answer: b
EOC Q11.18
Henry was raised by lesbian mothers. Lola gave birth to him through artificial insemination and the use
of donor sperm. He is 15 years old now. What does research suggest about the chances of Henry being
gay?
83
a) There is a decreased chance of Henry being gay due to being raised by lesbian parents.
Consider this: Research has often demonstrated that a child raised by homosexual parents is no
more likely to be gay or lesbian than a child raised by heterosexual parents. LO 11.7:
b) There is an increased chance of Henry being gay due to the influence of having two female
parents.
c) Henry is no more likely to be gay than a child raised in the home of heterosexual parents.
d) There is an increased chance of Henry being heterosexual due to the influence of lesbian
parents.
Answer: c
EOC Q11.19
Tobias is a 44-year-old gay man who has researched his family history extensively. Consistent with
research findings regarding the genetics of sexual orientation, he discovered that he has numerous male
relatives on his __________ side of the family that are also gay.
a) grandmother’s
Consider this: Research has shown that a potential gene that influences homosexuality is from
the X chromosome. LO 11.7: Understand the research findings about the causes of sexual
orientation.
b) grandfather’s
orientation.
c) father’s
orientation.
d) mother’s
Answer: d
EOC Q11.20
What would be an accurate response to two people arguing about whether sexual orientation is due to
genetics or brain structures?
a) “Actually, the cause of sexual orientation is currently unknown.”
84
b) “The research clearly supports a genetic cause responsible for sexual orientation.”
Consider this: No studies have been able to explain sexual orientation in every case. LO 11.7:
c) “The research clearly supports the fact that brain structures are the underlying cause of
sexual orientation.”
d) “Neither of you are correct. Sexual orientation is caused by prenatal hormones.”
Answer: a
EOC Q11.21
Which hormone influences the sexual drive in both females and males?
a) testosterone
b) estrogen
Consider this: This hormone can be prescribed to increase sexual drive. LO 11.8: Describe the
physiological basis of sexual behavior.
c) androgen
d) adrenaline
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 11.8: Describe the physiological basis of sexual behavior.
EOC Q11.22
What is the correct order of the phases of the sexual response cycle?
a) plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution
Consider this: Masters and Johnson studied the human response cycle in their groundbreaking
research. LO 11.8: Describe the physiological basis of sexual behavior.
b) excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
c) excitement, plateau, resolution, orgasm
d) plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 11.8: Describe the physiological basis of sexual behavior.
85

EOC Q11.23
Which of the following is an example of a sociocultural influence on sexual behavior?
a) religion
Consider this: Sexual behavior can be influenced by a number of sociocultural factors. LO
b) media
c) social norms
d) all of the choices
Answer: d
behavior.
EOC Q11.24
Maria grew up in a culture and home with strict morals about a woman’s sexuality. Women were not
supposed to have sexual feelings or engage in sexual activity until married. As a result, when Maria
married, she thought negatively about sex and was very scared of her own sexual responses. This is an
example of __________.
a) sexual stigma leading to sexual dysfunction
Consider this: Different cultures have different norms when it comes to sexual behavior. LO
b) inappropriate reaction to a normal stage in life
c) appropriate response to new behavior
d) cultural influences impacting sexual behavior
Answer: d
behavior.
EOC Q11.25
Sexual dysfunctions have a high prevalence rate with as many as __________ of women and
__________ of men reporting problems at some point in their lives.
86
a) 43 percent; 31 percent
b) 75 percent; 15 percent
Consider this: Although not discussed as openly, sexual dysfunctions impact the lives of more
people than other disorders like depression or schizophrenia. LO 11.10: Define and describe
sexual dysfunctions.
c) 90 percent; 50 percent
d) 10 percent; 5 percent
Answer: a
EOC Q11.26
Sean is 55 years old and has been married for 20 years. He is still interested in sexual intercourse with
his wife, but he suffers from the inability to achieve or maintain an erection at times during sex. What
is this disorder called?
a) erectile disorder
b) premature ejaculation
Consider this: Attention to this disorder has grown over the last 20–25 years, and the FDA has
approved 26 medications for this disorder. LO 11.10: Define and describe sexual dysfunctions.
c) hypoactive sexual arousal disorder
d) delayed ejaculation
Answer: a
EOC Q11.27
Mick and Daphne are adults who enjoy dressing up in each other’s clothing and tying each other up
during sex. They both consent to this behavior, and it increases their sexual desire. This behavior is
considered __________.
a) pathological
Consider this: Behaviors considered unusual or atypical are not abnormal if they occur between
consenting individuals. LO 11.11: Define and describe paraphilic disorders.
b) normal because they are consenting adults enjoying their relationship
c) paraphilic disorder
87
Consider this: Behaviors considered unusual are atypical or not abnormal if they occur between
d) transvestic disorder
Consider this: Behaviors considered unusual are atypical or not abnormal if they occur between
Answer: b
EOC Q11.28
Gerald is a 38-year-old man who only becomes sexually aroused by prepubescent children. He states
that the children are willing and that they like it. He is considered to have which paraphilic disorder?
a) voyeuristic disorder
Consider this: Children cannot give consent to sexual activity; therefore, it is illegal and
pathological to engage in sexual activity with a child. LO 11.11: Define and describe paraphilic
disorders.
b) sexual sadism disorder
disorders.
c) pedophilic disorder
d) exhibitionistic disorder
disorders.
Answer: c
EOC Q11.29
Which sexually transmitted infection can lead to cervical cancer or other cancers?
a) HIV
Consider this: This is one of the most common STIs. LO 11.12: Recognize the definition and
ways to prevent various sexually transmitted infections.
b) gonorrhea
c) syphilis
d) human papillomavirus (HPV)
Answer: d
infections.
88

EOC Q11.30
Which of the following behaviors puts someone at the highest risk of contracting a sexually
transmitted infection (STI)?
a) unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse
b) oral sex
Consider this: The surest way to avoid STIs is to practice abstinence, but different sexual
behaviors are associated with varying risk. LO 11.12: Recognize the definition and ways to
prevent various sexually transmitted infections.
c) vaginal or anal intercourse using a condom
d) kissing
Answer: a
infections.
89

Hyptonic Test

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Hyptonic Test

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Hudson/Whisenhunt, Psychology 1e

Chapter 11: Human Sexuality and Gender

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied Analyze

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied Analyze

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied Analyze

Multiple Choice Questions

3. A biological classification of “male” or “female” based on sex chromosomes, reproductive organs,

4. The most common chromosomal pattern for females is __________.

5. The most common chromosomal pattern for males is __________.

10. Sex is to ___________, whereas gender is to __________.

12. Primary sex characteristics refer to __________.

13. Which attribute would be a primary sex characteristic for a female?

14. Which attribute would be a primary sex characteristic for a male?

17. Secondary sex characteristics refer to __________.

Topic: The Nature of Gender

19. Which statement regarding testosterone is correct?

25. Which trait would be gender-typed as instrumental?

28. How does culture contribute to conceptualizations of gender?

29. What do hijra, winkte, and kathoeys have in common?

and imitating adults and then responding to rewards and punishments?

34. Which scenario illustrates gender schema theory in action?

35. Which person’s behavior is consistent with gender schema theory?

36. Which situation illustrates the social learning theory of gender?

Adaptive Pathway: 11.1.2

39. Which situation illustrates benevolent sexism?

53. What definition of aggression do behavioral scientists adopt?

Learning Objective: 11.5 Describe gender differences related to social behaviors.

66. __________ refers to the pattern of a person’s sexual attractions.

68. __________ is self-directed, whereas __________ is usually other-directed.

Topic: Sexual Orientation: Definitions and Prevalence

109. How is sexual dysfunction defined?

Learning Objective: 11.10 Define and describe sexual dysfunctions.

110. Which statement is correct regarding sexual functioning?

116. Which of the following sexual dysfunction affects females?

Learning Objective: 11.10 Define and describe sexual dysfunctions.

117. Which sexual dysfunction does not affect females?

120. How is delayed ejaculation defined?

123. Which factor would be a physiological contributor to sexual dysfunction?

124. Which factor would be a physiological contributor to sexual dysfunction?

125. Which factor would be a sociocultural contributor to sexual dysfunction?

126. Which factor would be an interpersonal contributor to sexual dysfunction?

127. What is a paraphilic disorder?

128. Which paraphilic disorder involves a nonconsenting victim?

D) Sexual sadism disorder

133. How does transvestic disorder differ from gender dysphoria?

Learning Objective: 11.11 Define and describe paraphilic disorders.

143. Pelvic inflammatory disease can result in __________.

145. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are found in __________.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Infections

148. What does sexualization refer to?

Topic: Piecing It Together: Sexualization of Girls

of the sexualization of girls.

two of these are acceptable]: X, XXY, XYY, XXXY

158. Compare physical, verbal, direct, and indirect forms of aggression.

Difficulty Level: Moderate

163. What are the defining features of a paraphilic disorder?

Biological sex: Female Intersex Male

Gender identity: Woman Third Gender Man

Skill Level: Analyze It

• Archival studies of Rolling Stone magazine demonstrated an increase in the hypersexualization

Adaptive Pathway Questions

MISCONCEPTION #1 = Difficulty understanding gender schema theory.

MISCONCEPTION #2 = Difficulty understanding the social learning theory of gender.

10. Sex is to _, whereas gender is to .

68. is self-directed, whereas is usually other-directed.