Electrical Machines Practice Questions Solutions Summary

Electrical
Machines
(Solutions for Volume‐1 Class Room Practice Questions)
400 10 800
1. Transformers =  10 3  3
 V
 5 10 
01. Ans: (b) As the slope is uniform, the induced voltage is
Sol: Given data: 400/200 V 50 Hz a square waveform.
Bmax = 1.2 T 800
 Peak voltage = V
800V, 50 Hz linear dimension all double 
N 11 N Note: As given transformer is a 1:1
N 12  N 22  21
2 2 transformer, the induced voltage on both
Bmax2 =? primary and secondary is same.
l2 = 2l1 and b2 = 2b1
A1=l1b1 A2 = 4A1 04. Ans: (a)
E12 2 B max 2 A 2 N12  f Sol: i(t) = 10 sin (100 t) A

E11 2 B max1 A1 N11  f di
Induced emf on secondary E2 = M
dt
800 B max 2 4A 1 N 12
   400
400 1.2 A 1 N 11 E2 =  10-3  10  100 cos(100t)

2  1.2
Bmax2 =  2  1.2 T = 400 cos (100t)
4

E2 = 400 sin (100t + )
2
02. Ans: (c)
When S is closed, the same induced voltage
40
Sol: Given data:  = b = c.m appears across the Resistive load
2
2
 Peak voltage across A & B = 400V
 40  -4
Anet = 0.9   10
 2
05. Ans: (a)
= 7.210-2m2 d
Sol: E1 = – N 1 (where E1 =  epq)
EMF dt
= 4.44 17.210-250 = 16 V
TURN
 0.009 
E1  200   
 0.06 
03. Ans: (d)
epq = 30 V (Between 0 & 0.06)
di
Sol: Induced emf E2 = M  0.009 
dt E1  200   
 0.12  0.1 
di
(Where, is slope of the waveform) epq =  90 V (Between 0.1 & 0.12)
dt
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: 3 : Postal Coaching Solutions
06. Ans: (c) = (0.617) 2  (4.51) 2

Sol: Core loss  core volume
= 4.556 A
W2   2   2400
3
W2 = 6788 W 07. Ans: (b)

I0 = 3.2 A Sol:
–E1
So I w1   2  I 3
w1
I12  kI 2
I1
W0 2400 36.86
I w1    0.218
V 11000 0=62.88 I0
Iw2   2   0.218 = 0.617 A

3
Q
( Iw is core loss component) 36.86

I2
 E1
Reluctance Rl = E2
A
R 1
R 2 
2 k = 0.1
11000 22000 W0 = V1I0cos0
 m1   m2 
4.44 N 1 f 4.44 N 1f W0
IW 
 N1 = constant; f = constant V1
m2 = 2 m1 700
  0.291A
mmf N I 2400
 m1   1 N1
Re luc tan ce R 1 Iw = Io coso
N 2 I N2 0.291
 m2  cos  0   0.455
R 1 0.64
2 0 = 62.88, and sin0 = 0.89
N 1 I N 2 2  N 1 I N1
 I1  I 02  I22  2 I 0 I2 cos 
R 1 R 1
2 (  = 62.88 – 36.86 = 26.02o)
IN2 = 2 I N1 ( IN1 is the magnetizing I1  (0.64) 2  4 2  ( 2  0.64  4  cos( 26.02)

( I 2  KI 2  0.1  40  4A )
current of the transformer)
I1 = 4.58 A
I N1  I 02  I 2w
Power factor;
= (3.2)  (0.218)  3.192 A
2 2
4.58 cos1 = 0.29 + I12 cos 36.86
IN2 = 4.51A p.f = cos1 = 0.761 lag
I0  I  I 2
w
2
N

: 4 : Electrical Machines
08. Ans: (c) V2 = 220 V ; f2 = 25Hz ; Wi = 850 W

Sol: ZT = (0.18+j0.24) and ZL = (4+j3) V2 V1
 = Constant
4800 4800 f2 f1
Iline  
ZT  ZL 0.353.13  536.86 Wi = Af + Bf2
= 90.76–37.77A 2500 = A  50 + B 502 ….……… (1)
2
Voltage at the load, 850 = A  25 + B  25 …..………(2)
Vload = (90.76–37.77)  (536.86) By solving (1) & (2)
= 453.8 –0.91 V A = 18 ; B = 0.64
And power loss in tr.line = (Iline )2 0.18 We = Bf2 = 0.64 502 = 1600 W
= (90.76)2  0.18 Wh = Af = 18  50 = 900 W
= 1482 W
11. Ans: (b)
09. Ans: (b) Wi W
Sol: Given data: Wh1  ; We1  i
Sol: 200V, 60Hz, Wh1= 250W, Wh2 = ? 2 2
1.6
We1 = 90W We2 = ? Wh 2  V2 
 
V1 V2 Wh1  V1 

f1 f2 1.6
 0.9V1 
1.6 0.6 Wh 2     Wh1
Wh 2  V2  f   V1 
     1 
Wh1  V1   f2  Wh2 = 0.844 Wh1 = 0.422 Wi
1.6 0.6 2
Wh 2  230   60  We 2  V2 
     
250  200   50  We1  V1 
Wh2 = 348.79 Wi
We2 = 0.81 We1 = 0.81 
V 2
When ratio is not constant
f We2 = 0.40 Wi
2
We  v Wi2 = Wh2 + We2 = 0.422 Wi + 0.40 Wi
We 2  V2 
2 Wi2 = 0.822 Wi
 
We1  V1  Reduction in iron loss is = 1 – 0.822
2
= 0.178
 230   0.173
We 2     90  119.02W
 200 
i.e., 17.3% reduction
Wi = Wh2 + We2 = 467.81 W
12. Ans: (a)

10. Ans: (a)
Sol: At 50 Hz;
Sol: V1 = 440 V ; f1 = 50Hz ; Wi = 2500 W
Given, Pcu = 1.6% , Ph = 0.9%, Pe = 0.6%

We know that, Ph  f -0.6 85A  Cu loss = ?

Ph1 f 
0.6
 60 
0.6  Cu loss at
  2     1.115 2
Ph 2  f1   50   85 
85A=    200  174.8Watt
0.009  90.9 
 Ph 2   0.806 %
1.115 Total loss when 14.96 kW o/p
Eddy current loss = constant, (since Pe = Iron loss + cu loss at 85A
V2) and given total losses remains some. = 160+174.8
 Ph1  Pcu1  Pe1  Ph 2  Pcu 2  Pe2 = 334.8 W
Input power = 14.96 kW+334.8W
3.1%  0.806%  Pcu 2  0.6%
= 15294.8W
 Pcu 2  1.694 %
Pcu 2 is directly proportional to I2 14. Ans: (a)
2 Sol: Given data:
Pcu1 I 
   1  At 50Hz: 16 V, 30 A, 0.2 lag
Pcu 2  I2  At 25 Hz , 16 V, Isc = ? and p.f = ?
 I 2  1.028I1 V
Z
Output kVA = VI2 = 1.028 VI1 I
16 Z
X
Z  0.533
13. Ans: (d) 30 
Sol: Given data: 20 kVA, 3300/220V, 50Hz R = Z cos R
No load at rated voltage i,e W0 = 160Watt R = 0.533  0.2
cos0 = 0.15 R1 = 0.106 
% R = 1% %X = 3% X1 = Zsin = 0.533 0.979= 0.522 
Input power Reactance at f = 25 Hz
= output Power + Total loss of power X 2 25

FL cu loss X1 50
%.R = %FL cu loss =  100
VArating X2 = 0.2611 
FL cu loss = %R  VA rating Z  R 2  X2
= 0.01 20,000 = 200 Watt
 (0.106) 2  (0.2611) 2
VA rating 20,000
IF2 =   90.9A Z = 0.281
E2 220
V 16
14.96k I   56.78A  56.65A
Iload =  85A Z 0.281
220  0.8
R 0.106
At 90.9A  Cu loss = 200 W p.f = cos  sc    0.376 lag
Z 0.2817

15. Ans: (a) In SC test,

Sol: Given data: 10 kVA, 400/200 V, I(HV side) = 5A and loss = 25W
W0 = 100 watt and M =2H. 5
 Current in LV side is i.e 10A
HV voltage 400 k
a= = = 2,
LV voltage 200 For 10A  25 watt
4002 5A ?
Rc = = 1600 
100 I 
2 2
=  2  Wc1 =    25 = 6.25 W
5
Wc2
Xm = 2f (aM) I   10 
 1
 250 4 = 400
17. Ans: (b)
400 400 + I0
I0 =  Sol: Given data, 4 kVA, 200/400 V and 50 Hz
1600 j400 OC: 200V, 0.7 A & 60W
4000 Rc Xm
2
1 1
2
SC: 9 V, 6A & 21.6 W
|I0| =     kVA  cos 
4  –

kVA  cos   Wi  WCu
= 0.41 A
Wi = 60W
16. Ans: (d) WCu  I2
Sol: Given that, no load loss components are 4000
I1 =  10A
equally divided 400
2
Wh = We = 10W  10 
WCu     21.6 = 60W
Initially test is conducted on LV side 6
V 100 Wi + WCu = 120 W
Now ratio is =2
f 50 4k  1
%   100 = 97.08%
In HV side, applied voltage is 160V; this 4k  1  120
voltage on LV side is equal to 80V.
V 18. Ans: (c)
Now ratio is constant, W h  f and
f Sol: Given data:  = 98%
2
We  f . Lets take kVA = 1p.u and p.f = 1
f2 40 11
Wh 2  Wh1  10   8W  at full load : 0.98 =
f1 50 1  1  Wi  WCu
2
f   40 
2
Wi + WCu = 0.0204 …………..(1)
We 2  We1   2   10    = 6.4 W
 f1   50  For 1/2 full load
Therefore, 1  1  0.5
0.98 =
0.5  1  1  Wi  0.25WCu
W1 = Wh2 + We2  8 + 6.4 =14.4 W

Wi + 0.25 WCu = 0.0102 ……… (2) 21. Ans: (c)

7.9  0.8 103
Sol: max  100
By solving equation (1) & (2) 0.8pf 7.9  08103  (2  50)
–3
Wi = 6.8  10 ; WCu = 0.0136 = 98.44 %
0.75 11
3 / 4 
0.75 11  6.8 103  (0.75) 2  0.0136
22. Ans: (c)
= 98.1% Sol: Given data: 1000/ 200 V, R1 = 0.25  ;
R2 = 0.014 , Iron loss = 240W
19. Ans: (a)
R 02  R 11  R 2 = K2R1 + R2
Sol: Percentage of load at which maximum
2
Wi  200 
efficiency possible is =    0.25  0.014
WCu  1000 
= 0.024
6.8  10 3
=  0.707
0.0136 Iron loss
I2 max =
R 02
0.707  1  1 240
max   100   100A
0.707  1  1  ( 2  6.8  10 3 ) 0.024
= 98.1 %
23. Ans: (c)
20. Ans: (d) Sol: Given data: Max.  = 98 %, at 15 kVA, full
Sol: Given data: 10 kVA,2500/250 V load kVA = 20, UPF for 12 hours
OC: 250V, 0.8A, 50W 15k  0.1
0.98 
SC: 60V, 3A, 45W 15k  1  2Wi
Iron losses = 50 W = WI Wi = 153.06W
10000 output in kWh
I ( HV )   4A (Rated current) allday 
2500 output kwh  losses
Copper loss at 3A = 45W
kW = kVA cos
Copper loss at 4A = ?
2
kW = 20  1 = 20 kW
4 16
    45   45  80 W kWh output = 2012 = 240 kWh
3 9
Wi = 153.06  24 = 3.673 kWh
Iron loss WCu  S2
kVA at  max   kVA FL
cu loss 2
 20 
WCu 2     153.06
50  15 
  10 kVA  7.9 kVA
80

WCu2 = 272.106 (.8)2 Cu loss of FL = 4081.63

Transformer is ON load for 0 to 12 hrs. FL cu loss = 6377. 54 W
So, WCu2= 272. 106  12 = 3.265 kWh FL cu loss
%R = % FL cu loss =
240  103 VA Rating
all day 
240  103  3.673  103  3.265  103 6377.5
=  100
%all day = 97.19%  97.2% 500  10 3
= 1.27 %
24. Ans: (*) %R 1.27
PF  max. VR=   0.283 lag
Sol: Given Iron loss = 1.25 kW, cos = 0.85 % Z 4.5
Find equivalent resistance R01 on H.V side
231 26. Ans: (b)
k=  0.021
11000 Sol: Terminal voltage = ?
0.0038 %X  % Z 2  %R 2
R01 = 8.51 +  17.126 
k2
 (4.5) 2  (1.27) 2 = 4.317%
100 10 3
Full load current on H.V side = %VR = %R cos2 +%Xsin2
11000
= 9.09 A = (1.27  0.283) + (4.317  0.959)
Full load Cu loss = (9.09)2  17.126 % VR = 4.49% = 0 .0449 Pu
= 1.415 kW Total voltage drop on secondary side
100  0.85 = PU VR E2
Efficiency = 100
100  0.85  1.415  1.25 = 0.0449  400 = 18V
= 96.95 % V2 = E2 Voltage drop
= 400 18 = 382V
25. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given data: 27. Ans: (a)
1100/400 V, 500 kVA, max = 98% Sol: R02 = R 1 + R2
80% of full load UPF X02 = X 1 + X2
%R R 1 = K2R1  (Resistance referred to
% Z = 4.5% PF  max V.R =
%Z
secondary side)
For min. secondary 10% 2
1
0.8  500  10 3 R 1     3.4
0.98 =  10 
0.8  500  10 3  2Iron Loss
= 0.034
Iron loss = 4081.63 W
X1  k 2 X1
 Cu loss at 80 % of FL = 4081.63
= (0.01  7.2)

= 0.072 p.f = cos = cos (21.80) = 0.928 lead

R02 = 0.034 + 0.028 = 0.062
X02 = 0.072 + 0.060 = 0.132 30. Ans: (c) I 0.01 0.05
I 2 R 02 cos 2  I X 2 sin 2 Sol: Rpu = 0.01 +

% Reg =
V2 Xpu = 0.05 V2 230–36.86
I2 = 22.72 A V1 = 600V
–
V2 = 230V, 0.8 lag
Reg = 22.72  0.062  0.8  22.72  0.132  0.6
220 Take rated current as 1pu
Reg = 0.0133 Drop (Iz) = 1–36.86 (0.01 + j0.05)
% Reg = 1.33% is same on both sides = 0.050941.83pu
Vfull voltage  V Convert this in volts
 0.0133
V = 0.050941.83230
Vfull Load = 2229.26V = 11.70741.83 V
The voltage applied across terminals. E2 = V + Iz
= 2300 + 11.70741.83
28. Ans: (b) = 238.851.87
Sol: 6600/440V p.u. R = 0.02 pu E1 600
p.u.X = 0.05 pu Turns ratio =   2.5
E 2 238.85
V1 = 6600 V
pu VR = %R cos2 +% Xsin2
31. Ans: (c)
= 2  0.8 + 5  0.6 = 4.6%
Sol: P = VIcos
= 0.046 pu
5  103 = 400  16 cos
Voltage drop when with respect to
  = 38.624
secondary
0.25 5
= p.u. VR  secondary Voltage I
+
= 0.046  440 = 20.2V
400 Vt
Terminal voltage
V2 = 440 – 20.2 = 419.75 V –
From given data,

29. Ans: (b)
400 + (0.25 + j5)1638.624 + Vt = 0
Sol: If voltages are not nominal values % Reg
 Vt = 352.089.81
will be zero
352.08
RPu cos – Xpu sin = 0 Refer LV side Vt =
5
 = tan-1(R/X) = 21.801 = 70.4 V

32. Ans: (*) 34. Ans: 218.8

Sol: Sol: 80 j300
40 j150 0.12 j0.5 I
2
+ R01 X01
+
+ P =90kW 350k 70k ZL =
Vs  2300V 7967V Vr
0.8pf 3.2+j1.5
–
– –
14/2.4kV 15kVA and 8000/230V
The equivalent circuit refer to L.V side is Equivalent circuit refer to H.V side is
1.18 4.408 0.12 j0.5 I2
80 j300 I2
+ +
+
2300V
Vs V1 1
Vt Z L  3871.4  j1814.7
7967V 350k
–
– –
90  10 3
I2   48.91A
2300  0.8 1
ZL  4275.625.11
Where V1 = voltage applied across the Transformer impedance = R01 + jX01
transformer. = 310.4875.06
V1 = V2 +I2 (0.12  cos  + 0.5  sin) 7967
I12 
=2300+48.91[0.120.8+0.50.6) 310.4875.06  4275.625.11
= 2300+19.36 = 1.78–28.15A
V1 = 2319.36V V1  I2  ZL
2319.36  2300
% Regulation=  100  (1.78  28.15)  (4275.625.11)
2400
= 7600.6 –3.04
= 0.807%
7600.6  230
Now Vt 
8000
33. Ans: 96.7%
 218.52  3.04
Sol: copper losses = I 22 (1.18  0.12)
= (48.91)21.3 35. Ans: 4.9%
= 3109.8 W E 2  Vt
Sol: Voltage regulation =  100
90  103 E2
%=  100
90  103  3109.8 230  218.52
  100
= 96.67% 230
= 4.9%

36. Ans: (*) Load current wrt primary is

Sol: Given data, f = 60 Hz, 30 kVA, 120
I2  I 2 
4000 V/120 V, Zpu = 0.0324 pu, 4000
I0 = 0.0046 pu, W0 = 100 W, Wcu = 180 W 120
= 208.33  = 6.24 A
P0 = 20 kW & cos = 0.8lag 4000
20  103 Necessary primary voltage
Load current I2 = = 208.33 A
120  0.8 VS = V2  I2  R 1 cos   X1 sin 
30  103 = 4000 + 6.24[3.2  0.8 + 16.98 0.6]
Rated load current = = 250 A
120 = 4079.5 V
The copper losses for 208.33 A is
2
 208.33  37. Ans: (b)
  180 = 124.99 watt Sol:
 250 
A2
20 103 a2
Efficiency = 100 A
20 103  124.99  100
c a
= 98.88%
C c a
The equivalent circuit wrt primary is B c2
C2 b
Z1
30 kVA B2
+ b
R01 X01
VS 4000V 20 kW b2
0.8 pf
–  The Possible Connection is Yd1
4 k/120V
Primary rated current 38. Ans: (a)

30 10 3
 0 .4 2 
IP = = 7.5 A Sol: R = 0.012     0.0192
4000
 0 .1 
Given cu losses = 180 W
180 180  0 .4 2 
 R1= 2 = = 3.2  X = 0.05     0.08
IP (7.5) 2  0 .1 
Given, Zpu = 0.0324 250/36.86
0.019 j0.08
(kV) 2 42 +
 Z1 = 0.0324  = 0.0324 
MVA 0.03 E2 0.410 V 3
= 17.28  –
X1 = Z12  R12 = 17.282  3.22

= 16.98  P 100  103
I2    250  36.86
V 0.4  10 3

E2 = 3922.75 V = 3.8%
 6.6  V2 (phase) 415
E1     392  6468V = 6.46 kV E2 =  = 249.06
 0.4  1  0.038 3  0.962
V1ph 6000
 Turns ratio = = = 24
40. Ans: (d) V2 ph 249.06
Sol: The induced voltages in primary winding
are 42. Ans: (a)
VBC = E0o Sol: Po/p = 50 hp
VCA = E120o = 50  735.5 = 36.775 kW
VAB = E120o Po/p of induction motor = 36.77 kW
By observing two phasor diagrams, the Pi/p to induction motor (or) power output of
phase shift between primary and secondary Po / p 36.77
is 180 transformer =   40.85kW
 0.85
The induced voltages in secondary are
P 40.85  103
Vbc = E180 o IL  
3  VL  cos  3  440  0.85
Vca = E300o
o
= 63.06 31.78o
Vab = E60
 64 A
If any one terminal X1 and X2 are
interchanged, the polarity will be changed. 64A
Let Vbc windings is interchanged. Iph
Resultant voltage Iph
= E180o + E300o + E60o

= 2E0o
This voltage can burn out the transformer
440
41. Ans: (b) I ph   64  2.46A
3  6600
primary induced voltage
Sol: Turns ratio =
sec ondary induced voltage
43. Ans: (c)
sec ondary induced phase voltage Sol: R +
ter min al phase voltage +
= 7N
1  % Re g  E0

N/2

 N/2

Y + +
+ E   120
% Reg = % R cos + % X sin 2
E
2
  120
[ Lagging Load] E120


= 1  0.8 + 5  0.6 B

E And I  I    120  180

E0 = VRs    120
2 = I   60
E
 VRs  E0    120
2 46. Ans: (a)
3 Sol: Irated = Ibase = 1.00
= E  30
2 Vrated = Vbase = 1.00
Under short circuit, Iscze1 = Vsc
44. Ans: (d)
Since Isc = Irated ; 1ze1 = (0.03)(1)
Sol: The flux linkages in phase ‘b’ and ‘c’
Or ze1 = 0.03

windings is . Therefore induce voltage Short circuit pf = cossc = 0.25,
2
sinsc = 0.968
is also becomes half
In complex notation,
+ E  z e1 = 0.03(0.25 +j0.968)
+   = (0.0075 + j0.029) pu
V0 V/20 V/20
 + + Similarly z e 2 = 0.04(0.3 + j0.953)
= 0.012 + j0.0381 pu
(a) When using pu system, the values of ze1
KVL: and ze2 should be referred to the common
V base kVA. Here the common base kVA
V0 + 0  E
2 may be 200 kVA. 500 kVA or any other
3 suitable base kVA. Choosing 500 kVA
 E V0
2 base arbitrarily, we get
500
z e1  (0.0075  j0.029)
200
45. Ans: (b)
= 0.01875 +j0.0725
Sol:
I = 0.07575.52
V0 500
3-
balanced
ze2  (0.012  j0.0381)
V120 500
IY2 load
V120 = 0.0472.54
560
I S= = 700 kVA
0 .8
 S = 700cos10.8
IY2 is 120 lagging w.r.t I (from 3
= 70036.9
system)
ze2
 IY2 = I120 From Eq. S1  S
z e1  z e 2

= (70036.9)
0.0472.54 o and I Ze   f 3
 480 V
0.11474.74 o
Transformer 1 is loaded first to its rated
= 46036.1 kVA capacity, because I z e f1 has lowest
S2 = (460 )(cos36.1o) at pf cos36.1o lag
magnitude. Thus the greatest load that can be
= 372 kW at pf of 0.808 lag
put on these transformers without overloading
(Check. Total power = 190 + 372 = 562
any one of them is,
kW, almost equal to 560 kW)
I  I 
I 
z e f 3  kVA 1 
I  kVA  I  kVA
Ze f1
2
Z E f1
3  .....
Z e f 2 z e f 3
47. Ans: (d)
360 360
245  400   400   400
Sol: Current shared by transformer 1 = 400 480
200
 1060 kVA
= 1.225 pu
The total load operates at unity p.f. and it is
Transformer 1 is, therefore, overloaded by
nearly true to say that transformer 1 is also
22.5%, i.e., 45 kVA
operating at unity p.f.
460
Current shared by transformer 2 =
500
= 0.92 pu 49. Ans: (c)
Transformer 2 is, therefore, under loaded Sol: Secondary rated current
by 8%, i.e. 40 kVA. 400

 60.6 Amp
Voltage regulation, from Eq. (1.40), is 6.6
Since transformer 1 is fully loaded, its
given by rcos2 + xsin2
secondary carries the rated current of
For transformer 1, the voltage regulation at
60.6 A.
1.225 pu current is
3025
= 1.225 (r cos2 + xcos2) For transformer 1, re2   0.825
60.62
= 1.225 (0.0075  0.76 + 0.0290 
Full-load voltage drop for transformer 1,
0.631)
E 2  V2  I 2 re 2 cos  2  I 2 x e 2 sin  2
= 1.225(0.024119) = 0.029546
E 2  V2 = (60.6) (0.825) (1) + 0
Or = 0.029546
E2 = 50 V
Or V2 = (0.970454)(400)  Secondary terminal voltage
= 388.182 V V2 = 6600 50 = 6550 V
48. And: (c) 50. Ans: (a)

Sol: Here I Ze  f1
 
 360 V, I Ze f 2
 400 V Sol: Voltage rating of two winding transformer =
600 / 120V, 15 KVA voltage rating of auto

transformer = 600 V / 720 V from the auto The total current taken from the supply main
transformer ratings, can say windings 1230,000
is =  410A
connected in “series additive polarity”. 3000
From two winding transformer
15000 52. Ans: (b)
I1rated = = 25 A
600 Sol: From above solution, current taken by 180
15000 kVA load is 120A
I2 rated = = 125 A
120
In AT, due to series additive polarity 53. Ans: (c)
Ipry = 125 + 25 = 150 A Sol: The two parts of the l.v. winding are first
 Rating of AT = Epry  Ipry connected in parallel and then in series with
= 600  150 the hv. winding, so that the output voltage is
= 90 kVA 2500 + 125 = 2625 V.
40 A 80 A
51. Ans: (b) + +
Sol: 40 A 40 A 125 V
300 A 

+ 84 A +
500 300 A 2625 V
410 A 
+ 2500 V 4 A
+
2000 3500V
3500 V 84 A 80 A
120 A 
3000V 
+
The rated current of l.v. winding is
1000 180 kVA
  10,000
40A =
410 A 300 A 250
 Total output current is 40 + 40 = 80A
The current through the load of 1050 kVA  Auto –transformer kVA rating
1050000 80  2625
at 3500 V is =  300A =  210kVA
3500 1000
The current through the load of 180 kVA
54. Ans: (a)
180000
at 1500 V is =  120 Sol: The rated current of h.v winding is 4 A.
1500
The kVA supplied = 1050 + 180 Therefore, the current drawn from the supply
= 1230 kVA is 84A.

kVA transformed = (1K) kVAAT and 610  0.745  103

I2 
kVA conducted = 210–10 3  500  0.8  0.882
= 200 kVA.  743.69A
By equation
55. Ans: (d) 500 440
 743.6   I1
Sol: 1000 3 3
400 I1 = 845.11 A
+ I1 – I2 = 100 A
8000 8400V
8000 V 57. Ans: (a)
Sol: I1 A
– Id
D
400v 100
Current through 480 V winding is 50Hz
Ic
60Ω
320V
C 80
480  10 3
60 20Ω
I2   1000A 240 V
480
kVA rating of auto transformer B
= 8400  1000 = 8.4 MVA 400

The voltage per turn = = 4V
For two winding transformer 100
480  10 3  1 For 80 turns = 80  4  1320 V
= 0.978 
480  10 3  W For 60 turns = 60 4  240 V
W = 10.79 kW 320
6 Id=  5.33 A
8.4  10  1 60
Efficiency =  100
8.4  10 6  1  10.79  10 3 240
= 99.87% Ic=  12 A
20
VA rating fo 20 load is 240 Ic  240 12 =
56. Ans: (a)
2880VA
Sol: 743.6 A
VA rating for 60  load is 320  I d
500
3
 320  5.33 = 1705.6 VA
I.M
440V 500V Total load VA
Primary current I1 =
400
2880  1705.6
=
400
I1 = 11.464 A

For resistive load power factor is at unity. mmf = 15620.4 –39.8

15620.4   39.8
Primary current =
58. Ans: (c) 400
Sol: = 39 A at 0.76 lag
+ 4–45 + 10 4–45
A 10
+
10000 100 400
40000
1000–45 60. Ans: (b)
–
6 kW 60000
Sol: From power balance
– 10 V1I1cos1 = V2I2cos2 + V3I3cos3
+
200 20000 10 : 2 : 1
–
N2 1 N3 1
C
 ; 
N 1 5 N 1 10
Load current = 4–45 + 10 cos2 = 0.8  2 = 36.86
= 4.75 –36.55 cos3 = 0.71  3 = 44.76
mmf = 400  4.75  –36..55 + 2000 1 1
V1 I1 cos 1  V1 I 2 cos  2  V1 I 3 cos  3
= 1900 –36.55 + 200 5 10
= 1726.3 – j 1131.5 I1cos1 = 9–36.86 + 5–44.76
Total secondary mmf = 2064.07–33.24 = 13.969 –39.6o
2064 I1 = 14A
Primary current =  20.64 A
100 p.f = cos(39.6) = 0.77 lag
59. Ans: (b) 61. Ans: (a)

Sol: Sol: Given R1 = 1.6, L1 = 21mH, R2 = 1.44m, f
20 2 –45
+ 20–90
200 = 60Hz, L2 = 19H, Rc = 160k,
+ 10000
400 500
80000 Lm = 450 H, P = 20 kW,V2 = 120V and cos
–
12000 = 0.85lag.
– 20–90
200
+
X1 = 2fL1 = 2602110-3 = 7.91 
100
– X2 =2fL2 = 2601910-6 = 9.55 m
The equivalent circuit is,
Iline 1.6 j7.91 1.44m IL
Sec. mmf = 2000 0 + 20 2 (500)–45 + +
j9.55m
= 20000 + 10000 2 –45 1200
Vs 160k 450H 20kW,
= 1000 [20 + 10 2 –45] 0.85pf
= 1000[2+10–j 10] – –
= 1000[12 – j 10] HV LV
4000/120

Equivalent circuit referred to H.V side. N 2 A

Induc tan ce L 
j7.91 1.6 j7.95 I 
1.6 L
+ +  0 r N 2 A
+

4000, 
Vs 160k 450H 20kW,
0.85pf 4  10 7  1000  500 2 100  10 4
=
40  10  2
– –
= 5002 10010-7
20  103 = 2.5H
IL   5.88A
4000  0.95
Vs  V2  IL [2 1.6  cos  (7.91 7.95) sin] 2 DC Machines
= 4000+5.88[21.60.85+15.860.526] 01. Ans: 1609 (Range: 1600 to 1610)

= 4000+65.12 Sol: Given data:
= 4065.12 P = 8, A = 8 ( lap wound)
Vs  4066V No. of conductors, Z = 60  22
Input power can be calculated by adding Pole arc
losses to the output power. = 0.64 m
pole pitch
Cu losses:
Bore diameter (D) = 0.6 m
=  IL   2 1.6
2
Length of the pole shoe (l) = 0.3 m
 5.88  2  1.6  110.63W Flux density (B) = 0.25 Wb/m2
Core losses: Eg = 400 V
Pc 
Vs2

4066  103.32W 2 Speed N = ?
160  10 160  103
3 2r D   0.6
Pole pitch = = =
P0 P P 8
% efficiency   100
P0  losses Pole arc = 0.64  pole pitch
Area of pole shoe A = pole arc  l
20  103
  100   0.6
20  103  110.6  103.32 = 0.64   0.3
8
= 98.94%
= 0.0452 m2
62. Ans: (b) ZN p

Generated emf (Eg) =
60A
Sol: Given N =500, A = 100 cm2 = 10010-4 m2
BAZNP
l = 40 c.m = 40 10-2m Eg =
60A
and r = 1000
0.25  0.0452  60  22  N  8
400 
60  8

 N = 1609 rpm 03. Ans: (a)

Sol: Given data: Load current = 250 A
02. Ans: 6.9 (Range: 6 to 7) Generator (A): 50 kW, 500 V, % drop = 6%
Sol: Given data: Generator (B): 100 kW, 500 V, % drop = 4%
Vt = 250 V,  = constant 530
Ra = 0.1 
P1 = 100 kW and P2 = 150 kW 520
Case (i): 6x 6%
4x
P1 = Vt Ia1
4%
100 k = 250  Ia1 4
 Ia1 = 0.4  103 A x

P2 500 P1
Eg1 = Vt + Ia1  Ra
100kW 50kW
= 250 + 400  0.1
The no-load voltage of generator (A)
= 290 V
 6  500 
Case (ii): = 500   
 100 
P2 = Vt Ia2
= 530 V
150  103 = 250  Ia2
  4  500 
Ia2 = 600 A Generator (B) = 500   
 100 
Eg2 = Vt + Ia2 Ra
= 520 V
= 250 + 600  0.1
P1 6x
= 310 V 
50k 6
From emf equation of generator, Eg  N
50  10 3
N2 E g2
310  P1 = 6  x 
   6
N1 E g1 290
P2 4x

N 2  N1 100k 4
% Increase in speed =  100
N1 100  10 3
 P2 = 4  x 
N  4
=  2  1  100
 N1  Total load power,
50  10 3 100  10 3
 310 
=  1  100 250  500 = 6  x   4  x 
6 4
 290 
50 100
= 6.9%  125 = (6  x )  4  x 
6 4
(6  x )
 5=  (4  x )
3

3 1
x= We know that  
4 speed ( N)
Load shared by generator (A),  0 N1

50  10 3
3 1 N 0
P1= 6  
6  4  0 1500
  = 1.5
= 43.75 kW 1 1000
43.75 Vt 200
 Current I = = 87.5 A Field current If0 =  = 2A
500 R f 100
Load shared by generator (B),
If
100  103  3 
P1= 4   1  0.5I f
6  4
 0  I f 0  1  0.5I f 1 
= 81.25 kW    
1  I f 1  1  0.5I f 0 
81.25
 Current I = = 162.5 A
500  2  1  0.5If 1 
1.5 =   
 If 1  1  0.5  2 
04. Ans: (d) 1.5If1 = 1 + 0.5If1
Sol: Terminal voltage = 500 + x% of 500  If1 = 1 A
3 1
= 500 + % of 500 Field current If 
4 Rf
= 503.75 V
If 0 R f  R e

If1 Rf
05. Ans: (b)
 Rf + Re = 2 Rf
Vt r r
Sol: m   a s  Re = 100 
K a CTe KaC
Speed is directly proportional to applied
07. Ans: 32. 95 Nm
voltage.
Sol: Given data: 500 V, 60 hp, 600 rpm
Ra = 0.2  and Rsh = 250 
06. Ans: 100 
1 
Sol: Given data: Losses =   1 output power
 
If
Vt = 200 V, Rf = 100  and  
1  0.5I f  1 
=  1  60  746
 0.9 
N0 = 1000 rpm and N1=1500 rpm
= 4973.33 watt
Re = ?
Output power 60  746
Input power = 
efficiency 0.9

= 49.7333.33 W 2NT 2  1000

Power = =  54.98
49733.3 60 60
Source current Is = = 99.46 A
500 = 5757.49 watt
500
Field current If = = 2A
250 Armature copper loss = (Ia)2Ra
Armature current Ia = 99.46 2 = 97.46 A = (97.46)2  0.2
Shunt copper los, I f2 R sh = 4  250 = 1900 watt
= 1000 W V
Now, field current If =
Armature copper loss, I a2 R a = (97.46)2  0.2 R sh  R e
= 1900 W 500
= = 1.2 A
250  166.67
Loss torque  (Friction and windage loss +
Field copper loss = I f2 R sh (total)
core loss)
 Loss power (Pl) = 4973  1000  1900 = (1.2)2  416.67
= 2073 W = 600 watt
60  P Total power loss in the machine
Loss torque () =
2  N = 5757 + 1900 + 600
60  2073 = 8257 watt
=
2  600 Input power = [97.46 + 1.2]  500
= 32.99 Nm = 49330 W
Input power  losses
% =  100
08. Ans: 166.67  Input power
Sol: Speed  field resistance 49330  8257
=  100 = 83.26%
N1 R sh 49330

N 2 R sh  R e
600 250 10. Ans: -0.062  (update key)

1000 250  R e Sol: Given data: 500 V DC, Ra=0.05, Rse = 0.05
(i) 1800 Nm, 800 rpm, 90%
 Re = 166.67 
(ii) 900 Nm, 1200 rpm, 80%
Case (i):
09. 83.26%
I
Sol: Loss torque  speed? +
1000 0.05 
Loss torque =  32.99 500V
600
M 0.05 
= 54.98 Nm/rad


Shaft torque = 1800 Nm/rad = 36000 watt

2 36000
Speed = 800  rad/sec Input power = = 141371.7 watt
60 0.8
800  2 New total loss = 141371.7  (36000)
Output = 1800  watt
60 = 28274.33 watt
= 48000  141371.7
I= = 282.7
48000 500
Input power = = 167551.6 watt
0.9 New copper loss
Total losses = 167551.6  150796.4  0.05  R 
= (282.7) 2   0.05
= 16755.15 watt  0.05  R 
167551.6 Other losses (Wl)
Input current I = = 335.1 A
500
 0.05  R 
= 28274.3  (282.7) 2   0.05
Eb = V  I(Ra + Rse)  0.05  R 
= 500  335.1(0.1) W
Loss torque = Nm/rad …..….(2)
= 466.49 V  1200  2 
 
Copper losses = (335.1)2  0.1  60 
= 11229.2 watt Given, loss torque unchanged.
Other losses = 5526 watt From (1) and (2)
  5526 W
 5526  =
Loss torque =   ………… (1)  2   2 
1800   1200  
 1800  2   60   60 
 
 60 
3Wl = 2  5526
Case (ii)
Wl = 3684
I
2  0.05R 
+ 28274.3  282.7    0.05  3684
0.05 R  0.05  R 
500V 2  0.05R 
M 0.05  24590 = 282.7    0.05
 0.05  R 

0.05 + R = 0.194 R
Shaft torque = 900 Nm/rad R =  0.062 

2
Speed = 1200  rad/sec 11. Ans: (a)
60
2 Sol: Given data: N1 = 1500rpm IL = V0A
Output = 900  1200  Before modification:
60
= 900  40 E b1  V  I L (R a  R se )

= 200 – 40 (0.1+0.15) I a 2 350

 Where,   
=190 V I a1 700
1 IL =40A Vt 250
R1  
+ I a1 700
Rs Rse 0.15 n
 350   0.05  700 
Ia    
If  700   250 
200V M Ra = 0.1
10 Take logarithm on both sides,
n log100.5  log100.14
– n = 2.83  3
The number of resistance elements, n = 3
After modification, shown in figure:
Vsh 13(a). Ans: 532.85 rpm
If 
10 Sol: Vt = 250V, Nr= 500rpm, Ra = 0.13 and
Where Vsh = 200 – IL (Rs +Rse) Ia = 60A
= 200– 40 (0.1+0.15) In motring mode,
= 154V Eb = V–IaRa = 250 –60 (0.13) = 242.2V
Therefore, If = 15.4 A E a Ia
Full load torque =
Now E b 2  V  Ia R a  I L (R s  R e ) r
= 200 – (40 –15.4)0.1 –40(1.15) E b Ia  60

= 151.54V 2N r
We know that, 242.2  60  60

E b1 N1 2  500

Eb2 N2 = 277.5 Nm
151.54  1500
 N2  In regenerative braking mode,
190
=1196.3 rpm E g  V  Ia R a  250  600.13  257.8V
Given, b  F
12. Ans: 3
 277.5 
E I  60
g a
Sol: Given data: 2N r
Vt = 250V, I a1  700A , I a 2  350A ,
257.8  60  60
 Nr 
ra = 0.05  277.5  2
ra = 532.28 rpm
We know that,  n 
R1

13(b). Ans: 2.6  To run the motor in reverse direction, the

Sol: Plugging current limited to 3pu polarity of supply voltage must be change i.e
V1  E b –129V
Ia 
R a  R ext
250  242.2 14. Ans: (c)
3  60 
0.13  R ext Sol: In region (1) , Power (+ve) = Te  Speed
 R ext  2.604 In region (3) , Power (+ve) = –Te  – Speed
Therefore, region (1) and (3) comes under
motering mode.
13(c). Ans: – 177 rpm
In region (2), Power (–ve) = Te  (– Speed)
Sol: br  F.L ,  Ia
In region (4), Power (–ve) = –Te  Speed
 I br  I max  60A
Therefore, region (2) and (4) comes under
Vt  E 1
regenerating mode.
I br  b
R a  R ext
250  E1b 15. Ans: (b)
60 
0.13  2.604 Sol: Given data, 250V, IL = 190A, Rsh = 125 and
 E1b   85.96V Stray loss = constant loss = 800W
At  = 90 %:
Eb N0

E1b N1 190A
If
 85.96  500
 N1   177.95rpm Ia
242.2 L
O
G Ra A
D
13(d). Ans: –129 V
Sol: Rated torque and half the rated speed i.e
250rpm
Losses in machine
Eb  speed
1 
E b1 N =   1  Out put power
 1  
Eb2 N2
 1 
250   1  190  250
 Eb2   242.2  0.9 
500
= 5277.7 Watt
=121.1V
Eb2 = V– Ia Ra
Stray loss +Shunt Copper loss+Armature
 V  121.1  600.13
Copper loss = 5277.7
= 128.9V

V 2 2502 = 400 + 25 (16/25)

Shunt copper loss =   500W
R sh 125 = 416 V
 Armature copper loss, ZNP
E
I 2
2 
R a  5277.7  800  500
60A
  2000  1000  10
I a2 R a  3977.7 416 
60  10
Where, I a  I L  If  /pole = 12.5 mWb
 250  
 190    = 192A We know that, B 
 125  A
3977.7 12.5  103 2
Ra   0.1079  Area of pole shoe  m
1922 1
 Area = 125 cm2
16. Ans: (a)
Sol: At maximum effeiciency, 3. Synchronus Machines
Variables losses = Constant losses
Ia2 R a = Stray loss+shunt copper loss 01. Ans: (a)
Sol: The direction of rotation of conductor is
= 800+500
opposite to direction of rotation of rotor. So
1300
I a2   Ia = 110.2A by applying Flemings right hand rule at
0.107
conductor ‘1’ we can get the direction of
Errata in DC machines Volume-1 (study current as .
material with clasrrom practice questions)
Page: 107, Example- 2.9 02. Ans: (c)
Sol: As the two alternators are mechanically
Ans: 12.5 mWb , 125 c.m2 coupled, both rotors should run with same
Solution: Given, P = 10, N = 1000 rpm, Z = speed.  Ns1 = Ns2
2000, 120f1 120f 2
 
A = 10, V = 400V and B = 1T p1 p2
Armature copper loss = 400 W f1 p1
 
10  103 f2 p2
Ia  = 25 A
400 p1 50 5 10
   
Ia2 R a  400 p 2 60 6 12
 Ra = 16/25   p1:p2 = 10: 12

E = V + Ia Ra

Every individual magnet should contains 

sin m
two poles, such that number of poles of Then, breadth factor Kb= 2
any magnet always even number. 
m sin
2
G1: p = 10, f = 50 Hz 3  20
sin
 Ns = 600 rpm (or) 2 sin 30 o
= =  0.95
G2: p = 12, f = 60 Hz 3 sin 10 3 sin 10 o
 Ns = 600 rpm Hence EPh = 4.44 kbfNph
= 4.440.9550180  25  10-3
03. Ans: (c) = 949.05V  960 V
Sol: m = 3 slots/pole/phase
P 180 05. Ans: (d)
Slot angle  = = 20
s Sol: For a uniformly distributed 1-phase alternator
m the distribution factor
sin n
Kd = 2 m
n )
sin(
m sin 2
2 (Kdu) =
m 
( )
3  3  20o 2 180
sin
Kd3 = 2 = 0.67 Where phase spread m  =1800 for 1- 
3  20o
3  sin alternator
2
sin 90 2
 Kdu = 
180  
04. Ans: (b) 
2 180
Sol: Total Number of conductor = 6  180
The total induced emf E
= 1080
= No of turns  Emf in each turn  kp  Kdu
NP 300  20
f=   50Hz = T  2  kp  Kdu
120 120
For fullpitched winding Kp =1.
1080
Number of turns =  540 2
2  E = 2T  1  = 1.273T volts

Nph (Number of turns (series) (Phase))
540
=  180 06. Ans: (b)
3
s 48
180  P 180  20 Sol:  = 12;
Slot angle,  =   20 p 4
S 180
48
180 m = slots / pole / phase = 4
and slots/pole/phase, m = 3 3 4
3  20

180 180 4
Slot angle     = 15; E  NT
(s / p) 12 
Phase spread m = 15  4 = 60
Winding factor  Kw = Kp .Kd ………. (1) 08. Ans: (a)
 = 1 slot pitch = 1  15 = 15 Sol: 4 pole, 50 Hz, synchronous generator, 48
slots.
 m   60 
sin   sin   For double layer winding No. of coils
 2  =  2  = 1
Kd  = No. of slots = 48
 15 8som7.5
m. sin   4.sin
2 2 Total number of turns = 48  10 = 480
  15  For 3-phase winding
Kp = cos = cos   = cos (7.5) 480
2  2  Turns/phase =  160
3
 From eq (1),
1 1   36 
Kp= cos   = cos   =0.951
Kw = cos (7.5)   2  2 
8 sin(7.5)
1  m 
sin  
= cot (7.5)  2 
8 Kd =

m sin  
2
07. Ans: (b)
4 180
Sol: emf/conductor = 2V   15 0 ,
48
emf / turn = 4V
 60 
Total turns = NT sin  
K d   2   0.9576.
NT
Total turns / phase   15 
3 4 sin  
2
For 3 –  system m = 60
Eph = 4.44KpKd fTph
 m   60 
Sin   sin  
 2    2   3 Eph = 4.440.9510.95760.02550160
Kd 
m  60   Eph = 808.68 V
 
2 180 2 180 EL-L=1400.67 V
Total induced Emf ‘E’
= No.of turns  Emf in each turn per phase 09. Ans: (c)
NT Sol: Eph  kdTph.
= K d  4
3
E ph ( 3 ) K d ( 3 ) . Tph ( 3)
NT 3 
E  4 E ph ( 2 ) K d ( 2 ) .Tph ( 2 )
3 

 m  10. Ans: (a)

sin  
 2  Sol: To eliminate n th harmonic the winding could
K d ( 2) 
 be short pitched by (180 0 /n). As the winding
m sin  
2
is short pitched by 36 0 fifth harmonic is
 90  eliminated.
sin  
  2   0.903
 15 
6 sin   11. Ans: (1616)
2
Sol: EMF inductor 1 -  connection
48
[m   6] E3 Kd 3    Tp n 3
2 4   0 .5
E1   Kd 3    Tp n1
480
Tph ( 2 )   240
2 E3 808.68
E1      1617.36
E ph ( 3 ) 0.9576 160 0.5 0.5
    0.707
E ph ( 2 ) 0.903 240
808.68 12. Ans: (404 V, 700 V)
E ph ( 2 )   1143.85
0.707 Sol: If turns are connected in two parallel paths
E LL ( 2)  2E ph ( 2) then
= 1617.65V. Turns/ph = 160
(Or) 160
Turns / Ph / Path   80
2
Method – 2
For 2 – phase connection
480
Tph   240 80 80
2
Kp = 0.95;  = 150
80 80
48
M = (slot / pole / phase) = 6
4 2 80 80
sin (90 / 2)
Kd   0.9027
6 sin (15 / 2)
Eph = 4.440.9510.9570.0255080
Eph = 4.44  0.9027  0.951  0.025  50 240
= 404 V
= 1143.55 V
EL = 3  Eph = 700 V
EL–L (2–) = 2  EPh
= 2  1143.55 13. Ans: (571 V, 808 V)
= 1617.22 V Sol: If the turns are connected among two parallel
paths for two phase connection

480 In figure (b), rotor field axis is in lagging

EPhase = Turns/Ph =  240
2 postion w.r.t stator fileld axis at some load
240 angle, therefore the machine is operating as
Turns/Phase/Path =  120
2 synchronous motor.
EPhase = 4.440.9570.9510.02550120 In figure (c), rotor field axis is aligned with
= 571.77 V stator field axis with zero load angle,
EL  L = 2  EPhase therefore the machine is operating either as
= 2  571.77 Alternator or as synchronous motor.
EL L = 808.611 V
17. Ans: (b)
14. Ans: (b) Sol: When state or disconnected from the supply
Sol: Main field is produced by stator so it’s Ia = 0, a = 0
stationary w.r.t stator. Without armature flux, the air gap flux
For production of torque two fields (Main r = m  a =25mwb
field & armature field) must be stationary With armature flux, the air gap flux
w.r.t. each other. So rotor (armature) is r = m  a = 20mwb
rotating at Ns. But as per torque production So the armature flux is causing demagnetizing
principle two fields must be stationary effect in motor. Hence the motor is operating
w.r.t each other. So the armature field will with Leading power factor.
rotate in opposite direction to rotor to
make. It speed zero w.r.t stator flux. 18. Ans: (b)
Sol: BD is the field current required to compensate
15. Ans: (d) drop due to leakage reactance.
Sol: Field winding is an rotor, so main field so
produced will rotate at ‘Ns’ w.r.t stator. 19. Ans: (a)
Field winding is rotating, field so produced Sol: Voltage regulation in descending order is
due to this also rotates in the direction of EMF method > Saturated Synchronous
rotor. impedance method >ASA > ZPF > MMF
Field produced is stationary w.r.t. rotor.
20. Ans: (a)
16. Ans: (a) Sol: load angle 
Sol: In figure (a), rotor field axis is in leading V sin   I a X q
tan =
postion w.r.t stator fileld axis at some load V cos   I a R a
angle, therefore the machine is operating
as Alternator.

(0.6)  1(0.5) 1.1 V sin   I a X q

=  tan  
(0.8)  0 0.8 V cos   I a R a
  = 53.97o 3810  0.6  273.36  6
o o 
 =  –  = 53.97 – 36.86 =17.11 3810  0.8  273.36  0
tan = 1.288
21. Ans: (b)  = 52.175
Sol: Iq = Iacos =1cos(53.97) = 0.588  =    = 52.175 –36.86 =15.32.
Id = Iasin = 1.sin(53.97) = 0.808
E = Vcos + IqRa +IdXd 24. Ans: (c)
= 1 cos(17.1) + 0.588(0) + 0.808(0.8) Sol: Condition for zero voltage regulation is ____
= 1.603pu  I a Zs
cos (  ) 
2V
22. Ans: (b) P 10 10 3
Ia    13.912
Sol: P.F = UPF  = 0 3  VL 3  415
Xd = 1.2 PU, Xq = 1.0 PU, Ra = 0
Z = (0.4 + j5) = 5.01585.42
V = 1PU , kVA = 1PU, Ia = 1PU
415
V sin   I a X q1 0  1 1 VPh   239.60
tan    3
V cos   I a R a 1  1  1  0
 13.912  5.015
cos(  ) 
  = 45 2  239.60
 =  –  = 45 – 0 = 45o  +  = 98.39   = 12.970
P.f = 0.974 lead
23. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given, P = 2.5 MW, cos = 0.8, 25. Ans: (b)
VL = 6.6 kV and Ra = 0. Sol: Regulation will be maximum when
Vmax 96 =
Xd =  = 9.6
I min 10
 = 85.62
Vmin 90 P.f = cos  = cos(85.42) = 0.08 Lag
Xq =  = 6
I max 15
VL 6.6  10 3 26. Ans: (29%)
Vph    3810V
3 3 Sol: Maximum possible regulation at rated
P 2.5  10 6 condition is
IL  
E 02  V cos   I a R a   V sin   I a X s 2
2
3VL cos  3  6.6  10 3  0.8
IL = 273.36A = Iph Ia = 13.912

( 239 .06  0.08  13 .912  0.4) 2 Excitation voltage is

E0 
E 02  V cos   I a R a   V sin   I a X s 2
2
 ( 239 .06  0.996  13 .912  5) 2
E0 = 309.38 V E 0  ( 200  0  5  0) 2  ( 200  1  5  30 ) 2
E0  V
% Regulation  100 E0 = 350 V
V
E0  V
309.38  239.06 % Regulation  100
 100 V
239.06
350  200
= 29.41% = 100 = 75 %
200
27. Ans: – 6.97%

29. Ans: –14.56
Sol: Regulation at 0.9 p.f lead at half rated
Sol: Given data: 25 kVA, 400V,  -connected
I a1
condition is when I a 2   6.95 25  1000
2  IL   36.08 A
3  400
( 239 .06  0.8  6.9562  0.4) 2
E 36.08
 ( 239 .06  0.6  6.956  5) 2  I ph   20.83 A
3
E = 222.38 V Isc = 20.83A when If = 5A
E V Voc(line) = 360V when If = 5A
% Regulation  0 100
V
Voc
222.38  239.06 Xs 
 100 = – 6.97% I sc I f  given
239.06
360(phase voltage)
  17.28
28. Ans: 75 20.83(phase current)
Sol: Given data, VL = 200 3 , S = 3 kVA, For a given leading pf load [cos = 0.8 lead]
Xs = 30  and Ra = 0 .  E0  V cos   I a ra 2  V sin   I a X s 2

VL 200  3
Vph =   200 V  400  0.82  400  0.6  20.83 17.282
3 3
= 341. volts/ph
S = 3VphIph = 3000
|E||V|
1000 Voltage Regulation =  100
 Iph = Ia =  5A |V|
200
 Xs  341  400
-1     100
Internal angle,  = tan  R = 90 400
 a 
= –14.56%
At maximum voltage regulation,  = .
Therefore,  = 90 and cos = 0.

30. Ans: (a) 33. Ans: (b)

Sol: That synchrozing current will produce Sol: Excitation of machine 1 is increased (Steam
synchronizing power. Which will input is kept constant):
demagnetize the M/C M2 and Magnetize  Effect of change in excitation causes only
the M/C M1 change in it’s reactive power sharing but
no charge in it’s active power sharing,
31. Ans: (a) because the synchronizing power is only
Sol: Excitation of ‘M1’ is increased, its nothing the reactive power.
but magnetizing the M1.  If the excitation of machine 1 increases
So synchronizing power will come into
Machine 1 Machine 2
picture, it will magnetize the M/C M2
kW1 = kW2
means alternator operating under lead p.f
kVAR1  kVAR2 
and demagnetize the M/C M1 means
alternator operating under lagging p.f. kVA1  kVA2 
Ia1  Ia2 
32. Ans: (b) P.f1  P.f2 
Sol: Effect of change in steam input
(Excitation is kept const): 34. Ans: (d)
 Effect of change in steam input causes Sol: At perfect synchronization means both
only change in its active power sharing systems has all the characteristics similar at
but no change in its reactive power that point. No unstability factor so there is no
sharing. Because the synchronizing – need for production of synchronizing
power is only the active power. power.
 If the steam input of machine 1
increases 35. Ans: (c)
Sol: For any change in field current there will be a
Machine 1 Machine2
change in reactive power of the machine so
kVAR1 = kVAR2
kW1 kW2  there will be change in p.f of the machine.
kVA1 kVA2
Ia1  Ia2  36. Ans: (a)
p.f1  p.f2 Sol: To increase the load share of the alternator,
steam input of the machine to be increase by
Active power sharing is depends on the
keeping field excitation constant.
Steam input and also depends on the
turbine characteristics.

39. Ans: (d) 43. Ans: (c)

Sol: Rate of flickering = beat frequency Sol: For synchronizing an alternator, the speed of
= f – f1 alternator need not be same as already
= 50.2 – 50 existing alternator.
= 0.2Hz
 0.2 Flickers/sec = 0.2  60 44. Ans: (a)
= 12 filckers/min Sol: Synchronizing current per phase
E1  E 2
40. Ans: (b) = given Z s1  Z s 2
Z s1  Z s 2
Sol:
F(Hz)
E1 and E 2 must be of phase quantities.
4% 5% 3300 3200

3 3
 Isy =
2 1.7
30 40 kW
Isy = 16.98A.
Without over loading any one machine. So
here 300 kW is maximum capacity of 45. y – axis
machine 1. Sol: 51.8 f
D
 For M/C 2 maximum load. It can bear is slope = 1 Hz/MW E
51
slope = 1 Hz/MW
P 4

400 5 A B
x1 f 50 Hz x2
P1 = 320 kW
Total load = P1 + P2
x – axis
= 300 + 320  620 kW fig (i)
41. Ans: (a) y = –mx+c

Sol: M/C’s are working at UPF now. For (a) f = –1× x1 + 51.8 = – 1× x2 + 51
increased ‘If’ from V, inverted V curves. x1 – x2 = 0.8 ….……… (1)
We can find that there will be change in p.f x1 + x2 = 2.8 ….……… (2)
of alternator ‘A’ from lead to lag. From equation (1) & (2)
Alternator and lagging p.f is over-excited. 2x1 = 3.6
So it will deliver lagging VAR to the x1 = 1.8 MW
system. x2 = 1 MW
set frequency (f) = – x1 + 51.8
= – 1.8 + 51.8

= 50Hz
4% 5%
(b) If load is increased to 1 MW
x1 + x2 = 3.8 MW …… (3) 200 MW
x1 – x2 = 0.8 MW …… (4) P1 P2
From equation (3) & (4)
2x1 = 4.6 400 MW
x1= 2.3 MW P1 x
   P1  50 x
x2 = 1.5 MW 200 4
f = – x1 + 51.8 P2 x
   P2  80 x
= – 2.3 + 51.8 = 49.5 Hz 400 5
But, total load = P1 + P2 = 600 MW….. (1)
C2
From (1)  50x + 80x = 600
600
51  x=  4.615
130
x1
50 Hz
x2 Given, no-load frequency = 50 Hz
present system frequency
fig (ii)
 f = 50 – (50  x %)
4.615
= 50–50  = 47.69  47.7Hz
(c) as in part(b) 100
total load = x1+ x12 =3.8 ..…… (1) (ii) Load shared by M/C I is ___ and M/C 2 is
at f = 50 Hz _____.
load shared by machine(1) From above solution we got
f = – 1 × x1 + 51.8 = 50 x = 4.615
– x1 + 51.8 = 50  x1 = 1.8 MW P1 = 50 x = 50  4.615 = 230.75 MW
 x2 = 3.8 – x1 = 3.8 – 1.8 = 2.0 MW P2 = 80 x = 80  4.615 = 369.2 MW
for machine (2) Here ‘P1’ violates the unit.
f = – x2 + c2 = 50 (iii)Maximum load the set can supply without
– 20 + c2 = 50 overloading any Machine is _____.
c2 = 70 From above solution ‘P1’ violated the
limit so take ‘P1’ value as reference
46. P1 = 200 MW
Sol: (i) Given data: G1: 200 MW, 4% From % Regugraph find P2
G2 : 400 MW, 5% P2 4

400 5
P2 = 320 MW

Total load = P1 + P2 = 320 + 200 The total reactive power supplied to the grid
= 520 MW set can supply. = 50 MVAR
3VIa1sin1 + 3VIa2sin2 = 50 MVAR
47. Ans: (c) 3VIa1 sin90 + 3VIa2sin90 = 50 ( only
Sol: Let power factor is unity, M/C-A =40 MW reactive power pf = cos = 0   =90o)
and M/C-B = 60 MW 6VIa = 50  106 ( Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia)
105 50 106
Ia = = 1312.16 A
11103
6
3
5 5  E1 = V0 Ia190  Xs190
5-x
m/c-A 11 103
P2 m/c-B = 0  1312.1690 190
P1 x 3
40MW 100 60MW = 6350.80 1312.16180
= 7662.96 V
P2 5  x
  P2  12  5  x  E2 = V0 Ia290 Xs290
60 5
P1 5  x = 6350.80 1312.1690 390
  P1  8  5  x 
40 5 = 6350.80 3936.48180
P1 + P2 = 80 = 10,287.28 V
 8  5  x   12  5  x   80  The ratio of excitation current of machine
A to machine B is same as the ratio of the
x=1
excitation emfs
 P1 = 8  5  1  32MW
E1 7662.96
i.e.,  = 0.7448
P2 = 12  5  1  48MW E 2 10, 287.28
48. Ans: 0.74 49. Ans: (b)

Sol: Two parallel connected 3-, 50 Hz, 11kV, Sol: VL = 11kV
star-connected synchronous machines A & 111kV
Vph = = 6350.8 = 6351 V
B are operating as synchronous 3
condensers. at 100A, UPF, E = V0 + Ia  .Zs
50 kVAR
Ia1 Ia2 = 63500 +1000 1090o
j 1 j 3 VL = 11kV = 6429.1 8.94o
50 Hz   = 8.94o
Machine A E1 E2
Machine B Excitation increased by 25%
E1 =1.25E

= 6429.11.25 = 8036.3 V E  (V cos   I a R a ) 2  (V sin   I a X s ) 2

∵ Turbine input kept constant
4447  (63810 1  0) 2  (3810  0  9.07) 2
1
EV EV
P1 = P = sin 1  sin  Ia = 252.716 A
Xs Xs
8036.3 6350 53. Ans: (5360.9V)
sin 1  sin(8.94) = 7.14o
10 10 Sol: E = V + j Ia Xs
6.6103 P 1000103
50. Ans: (a) VPh  3810 ; Ia  
3 3 V 3  6.6 103
E   V0
1 1
Sol: Ia1 = = 87.47 A
Z s 
EPh = 3810 + 82.47+36.86  2090
8036.37.14  63500
= EPh = 3095.1726.88
1090
EL = 3 EPh = 5360.99 V
= 190.6–58.4o
Ia1 = 190.4 A
54. Ans: (26.88)
Sol: Power angle (or)  = 26.880
51. Ans: (0.523 lag)
Sol: p.f = cos(58.4) = 0.523 lag
55. Ans: (b)
52. Ans: (d) EV
Sol: P  sin 
XS
6600
Sol: ‘X’ is in % P.U = 25%; Vph   3810
3 1.3 1
 0.5  sin 
0.8
(KV) 2
‘X’ in  is = 0.25  Zb = 0.25    = 17.920
MVA b
E = V + j Ia Xs
( 6 .6 ) 2
 0.25   9.07 E  V0
(1.2) Ia 
X s  90
E = V + j Ia Xs  In alternator
1.3 17.92 10
By substituting the values 
0.890
P 1200  10 3 = 0.581–30.6390
I   104.97
3V 3  6600
E = 3810 + 104.97 –36.86  9.0790 56. Ans: (a)
E = 44479.867 Sol: From above solution Answer is 0.581
The current (Ia) at which the p.f is unity
(R 0  0 )

57. Ans: (0.860 lag) 62. Ans: 32.4 to 34.0

Sol: From above solution power factor is Sol: A non – salient pole synchronous generator
p.f = cos = cos(30.639) = 0.860 lag Xs = 0.8 pu, P = 1.0 pu, UPF
V = 1.1pu, Ra = 0
58. Ans: (0.296 PU) P = V Ia cos   1 = 1.11  Ia  1
V  Ia = 0.9 pu
Sol: Reactive power (Q) = E cos   V
Xs  The voltage behind the synchronous
1 reactance i.e E = V + Ia Zs
 1.3  cos(17.92) 1
0.8 = 1.11 0 + 0.90  0.890
= 0.296 P.U = 1.11 + j 0.72
= 1.323 32.969
59. Ans: (2.05 PU)
Sol: The current at which maximum power 63. Ans: 0.1088
output is _______ Sol: Ef = 1.3pu, Xs = 1.1pu, P =0.6pu, V=1.0pu
Under maximum output conditions  =  EV 1.3  1
P sin   0.6  sin 
Here  = 90 ( Ra = 0) XS 1.1
E  V0
I   = 30.53
Z s 
V
1.3  90 1
Q E cos   V
Ia   2.05 37.56 0 Xs
0.8 90
1
= 2.05 PU  1.3cos 30.53  1  0.1088 pu
1.1
60. Ans: (0.792 lead) 64. Ans: (a)

Sol: Power factor at maximum power output is
Sol: Motor input = 3 VLILcos
p.f = cos(37.56) = 0.792 lead
= 3  480 50 1= 41569.2 W
61. Ans: (–1.25 PU) given motor is loss less

Sol: reactive power at maximum Electrical power converted to mechanical
V power = Motor input –output
Q E cos   V  = 41569.2 – 0 = 41569.2 W
Xs
120f 120  60
Substitute  =  = 90 Ns =   1800rpm
P 4
1
Q 1.3 cos (90) 1 P 41569.2
0.8 T=   220.53 N  m
 1800
 1.25 P.U 2 
60

65. Ans: (a) 67. Ans: (b)

Sol: From phasor diagram, ‘E’ leads the ‘V’, Sol:
hence called “Generator”. 17.32 KVAR
Here, E cos  > V called over excited 600

10kW 60kW
generator.
53.130
An under excited generator always
operators at “laging power factor”. 80KVAR
Total kW of load = kV  cos


 P1 = 100  0.6 = 60 kW
V kVAR Requirement of load
E.cos 
= P  tan = 60  tan 53.13 = 80 kVAR
KW requirement of synchronous motor
66. Ans: (a) (P2) = 10 kW
Sol: We know that, synchronous motor always Operating p.f of load = 0.5 leads
rotates only at synchronous speed but Phase angle = cos–1(0.5) = 60
induction motors can rotate at more or less Q = P tan = 10  103  tan 60 = 17.32 kVAR
than the synchronous speed. (KVAR supplied by synchronous motor)
Consider speed of Induction motor, Total load P1 + P2 = 70 kW
Nr = 750 rpm. Total KVAR requirement = 80 – 17.32
N s  N r 1000  750 1 = 62.68 kVAR
slip =  =
Ns 1000 4 Overall power factor
1 Q 62.68
fr = sf   50 = 12.5 Hz tan     0.895
4 P 70
 = 41.842
50 Hz p.f = cos  = 0.74 lag
68. Ans: 24 A
Sol:
I I2
+ I1
2000
S.M I.M
P=8 P=6 
NS=750 rpm NS=1000rpm

2000 72. Ans: (a)

I1 
4  j3 2500
Sol: Eph =  1443.37V
= 4036.87 3
= 40cos(36.87) j40sin36.87 2000
Vph =  1154.7V
= 32 j24 A 3
Assume that the motor draws a current Zs = 0.2+ j2.2 = 2.284.8o   = 84.8o
j24 A, then overall pf = 1, therefore answer V2 EV
Pin = cos   cos(  )
is 24 A Zs Zs
800  103 (1154.7) 2
69. Ans: (b)  cos(84.8)
3 2.284.8o
Sol: V1 = 400V E = 400V (1154.7  1443.37)
400  cos(84.8   )
Vph =  230.9V , 2.284.8o
3 V0  E
Ia=
400 Zs 
Eph =  230.9V
3 1154.70  1443.3721.43

EV 2.284.8o
Pin = sin 
Xs = 254.5924.9o
5  10 3 230.9  230.9
 sin 
3 10 73. Ans: (b)
  = 18.21 Sol: PF = cos (24.9) = 0.907 lead
70. Ans: (c) 74. Ans: (760.9 kW)

Sol: From the armature current 7.3–9.1o Sol: Mechanical power developed
9.1o is the angle difference between V and P = EaIa*
I. EV E2
P cos (  )  cos 
 cos  = cos(–9.1o) ZS ZS
PF = 0.987 Lag 2500 2000  2500 
2
  
P 3 3 cos (84.80  21.51)   3  cos (84.80)
2.209 2.209
71. Ans: (d) Pphase = 253.364 kW
V0  E  
Sol: I a  P3– = 760.94 kW (Or)
Z s 
Pmech = P – 3 Ia2 Ra
230.90  230918.21
 = 7.3-9.1o = 800  103 – (3  2542  0.2)
1090
Pmech  761 kW
Ia = 7.3ª

75. Ans: (4.84 Nm) 77. Ans: (c)

Sol: (In question poles and frequency not given Sol: PMech = Pin – Copper loss
let take P = 4, F = 50) = 3 VLILcos – 3Ia2Ra
Ns = 1500
= ( 3 230400.953)-(34020.6)
760.94  60
T = P/  = 4.84 Nm = 12.035 kW
2  1500
12.035 10 3
T = Pmech   78.34 N  m
 1000
76. Ans: (b) 2
60
Sol: VL = 230V
230 78. Ans: (b)
Vph =  132.8V
3 6.6
o Sol: Vph =  3810.5V
Zs = 0.6 + j3 = 3.0678.69 3
 = 78.69o Pin= 3 VLILcos  IL
at Ia = 10A, UPF ,
1000 103
E =V0 Ia  Zs  =  109.3A  I ph
3  6.6  103  0.8
= 132.8 0 –10 0 3.06 78.69
E = V0 (Ia   z )
= 130.29  – 13.31o
= 3810.5 0 109.3 36.86 1290o
∵ Excitation is kept constant E =130.29, = 4715.512.85o
V = constant Excitation is constant, V is constant
Load on the motor is , , Ia to 40A EV 1500 103
(given) P= sin  =
Xs 3
I a Z s  V ( 0)  E    4715.5  3810.5
 sin 
= V 2  E 2  2VE cos  12
  = 19.5o
403.06
= 132.8 2  130 .29 2  2  132 .8  130.29 cos 
79. Ans: (a)
 = 55.4o
V0  E  
V0  E   Sol: Ia =
Ia = Z s 
Z s 
3810.50  4715.5  19.5
132.80  130.29  55.4 =
Ia = 1290
3.0678.69 o
= 141.421.95
Ia = 40 –17.3
PF = cos (21.95o)
PF = cos (17.3) =0.954 lag
= 0.92 lead

80. Ans: (*) PN pm

4 1500
f  = 50Hz
Sol: Data given 120 120
400 The synchronous speed of Induction motor
Vph = = 230.94 V, 100 kVA,
3 120f 120  50
Ns = = = 1000 rpm
Ra = 0.13  and Xs = 1.3  P 6
100  103 Ns  N r
Iline =Iphase = = 144.33 A % Slip = 100
3  400 Ns
Stray losses = 4000 W and power input 1000  960
  100 = 4%
=75 kW 1000
Total cu losses = 3  144.332  0.13 =
8125 W 03. Ans:(d)
Total losses = Stray losses + Cu losses Sol: For 50 Hz, supply the possible synchronous
= 4000 + 8125 speeds with different poles
= 12125 W 2 poles  3000 rpm
input  losses 4 poles  1500 rpm
%= 100
input 6 poles  1000 rpm
75000  12125 8 poles  750 rpm
=  100
75000 10 poles  600 rpm
= 83.83% 12 poles  500 rpm
20 poles  300 rpm
4. Induction Machines
We know that, the rotor of an induction
motor always tries to rotate with speed
01. Ans: (d) closer to synchronous speed, there fore the
Sol: For motoring, the stator poles and synchronous speed closer to 285 rpm for 50
rotor poles must be equal. In the above Hz supply is 300 rpm and poles are 20 poles.
case, the stator windings are wound for 4 So its 20 poles induction motor
poles, where as the rotor windings are
wound for 6 poles. As the stator poles 04. Ans: (d)
and rotor poles are unequal the torque
Sol: Synchronous speed of field is,
developed is zero and speed is zero.
120f
Ns =
P
02. Ans: 4%
120  50
Sol: The frequency of generated emf by the  Ns = = 1500 rpm
4
alternator is given as

Case (i): For obtaining a frequency of 150 Hz at

When the rotor is rotating in the field induction motor rotor terminals the rotating
direction, field and rotor must run in same directions.
N s  N r 1500  750 The induction machine is in generating mode.
Slip =  = 0.5
Ns 1500 120  50
1500 
Rotor frequency sf = 0.5 50 = 25 Hz. Pin
150 =  50
120  50
Case(ii):
Pin
When the rotor is rotating in opposite
1500  Pin  6000
direction of field. 3=
6000
N s  N r 1500  750
Slip =  = 1.5  24000 = 1500Pin
Ns 1500
 Pin = 16
Rotor frequency sf = 1.5 50 = 75 Hz.
06. Ans: (a)

05. Ans: (d)
Sol: P = 4, f = 50 Hz, R1 = 0.4 , IL = 20 A and Pm
Sol: Synchronous Machine:
= 550 W
Prime mover speed,
Stator copper losses = 3I2R1/phase
120f 120  50
Npm = = = 1500 rpm  20 
2
P 4 = 3    0 .4
The rotor speed of induction motor is fixed  3
at 1500 rpm. = 160 W
Induction Machine: Airgap power Pr = 4000  160
For obtaining a frequency of 150 Hz at = 3840 W
induction motor rotor terminals the 60
Internal torque developed = Pr
rotating field and rotor must run in 2N s
opposite directions. 60
=  3840 = 24.45 Nm
120  50 2  1500
 1500
Pin
150 =  50
120  50 07. Ans: (c)
Pin Sol: Slip frequency sf = 3 Hz
6000  1500  Pin 3
3= s=
6000 50
 12000 = 1500Pin Gross mechanical power outut
 Pin = 8 PG = (1  s)Pr

 3 Given, the rotor speed of induction motor, at

= 1    3840
 50  maximum torque
= 3609.6 W NrTmax = 940 rpm
Net mechanical power output, Therefore, per unit slip at maximum torque,
Pnet = 3609.6 550 = 3059.6 W N s  N rT max 1000  940
sTmax =  = 0.06
Pnet 3059.6 Ns 1000
% efficiency =  100 =  100
Pinput 4000 We have, slip at maximum torque is given by
= 76.49% R2
sTmax =
x 20
08. Ans: (c) From this,
Sol: Given induced emf between the slip ring of R2 0.1
x20 =  = 1.66 
an induction motor at stand still (Line s T max 0.06
voltage), Vslirings = 100 V
For star connected rotor windings, the 10. Ans: (a)
induced emf per phase when the rotor is at Sol: Given rotor resistance per phase R2 = 0.21 
stantnd still is given by Stand still rotor reactance per phase X20 =
Vsliprings 100 7
E20 =  = 57.7 V
3 3 We have slip at maximum torque given by
In general, rotor current, neglecting stator R 2 0.21
sTmax =  = 0.03
impedaance is X 20 7
E 20 The synchronous speed of the motor is
I2 =
 R2 
2
120f 120  50
   X 20
2
Ns =  = 1500 rpm
 s  P 4
R2 Rotor speed at maximum torque is given by
For smaller values of slip, s = >>>x20 NrTmax = Ns(1 s)
s
Then the equation for rotor current = 1500(1 0.03) = 1455 rpm
E 20 sE 20 0.04  57.7
I2 =   = 5.77 A
R2 R2 0.4 11. Ans: 90 Nm
s Sol: Tmax = 150 N-m
Rotor speed at maximum torque,
09. Ans: 1.66 NrTmax = 660 rpm
Sol: The synchronous speed of the motor is The synchronous speed of the motor is
120f 120  50 120f 120  50
Ns =  = 1000 rpm Ns =  = 750 rpm
P 6 P 8

Slip at maximum torque, 120f 120  50

Ns =  = 1000 rpm
N s  N rT max 750  660 P 6
sTmax =  = 0.12
Ns 660 Given Tmax = 520 N-m, slip at maximum
Operating slip s = 0.04 torque sTmax = 0.2
T 2ss Given, Tmax  sTmax
We have  2 2 T max
Tmax s  s T max Therefore, Tmax = ksTmax
2  0.12  0.04 T 520
= = 0.6 k = max  = 2600
0.04 2  0.12 2 s Tmax 0.2
T and also, Tfl  sfl , Tfl = ksfl
= 0.6
Tmax Full load net mechanical power
T = 0.6  150 = 90 N-m Pnet = 10 kW
Mechanical losses Pml = 600 W = 0.6 kW
12. Ans: 0.029 Pgmd = Pnet + Pml = 10 + 0.6 = 10.6 kW
Sol: Given rotor resistance per R2 = 0.025  Pgmd

10.6  10 3
Rotor input, Pri = 
(1  s fl ) (1  s fl )
Stand still rotor reactance per phase,
X20 = 0.12  Pri 60 10.6  10 3
Tfl = 
s 2N s (1  s fl )
We have slip at maximum torque given
by 60 10.6 10 3
=
R 2  R ext 2  3.14 1000 (1  s fl )
Let sTmax = ,
X 20 101.27 101.27
= = = 2600sfl
3 (1  s fl ) (1  s fl )
for Tst = Tmax
4 Solving for sfl , we have sfl = 0.0405
Tst 2s 3 Nrfl = Ns(1 sfl) = 1000(1 0.00405)
= 2 T max =
Tmax s T max  1 4 = 959.5 rpm
8
s T2 max  s T max  1 = 0
3 14. Ans: (c)
Solving for sTmax we have sTmax = 0.45 Sol: Given data P = 4, IBR = 100 A,
0.025  R ext WBR = 3I 2BR R 01 = 30 kW
0.45 =
0.12 Tst = ?
Rext = 0.029  At starting, Rotor input = Rotor copper losses.
60
st =
2N s
 3I 2BR R 2 
13. Ans: (b)
Sol: The synchronous speed of the motor is

Here R2 us rotor resistance refer to primary N s  N rf 1000  940

ST max    0.06
side of machine Ns 1000
R 01 Full load torque, Tfl = 150 N – m
Given R1= R2 =
2 T I 
2
For DOL starter, we have st   sc  Sf

60  3I 2 R  Tf  I f 
st =   BR 01 
2 1500  2  2
 300 
   0.06  1.5
60 30 103  60 
=  = 95.49 Nm
21500 2 Tst = 1.5150 = 225 N – m
When star delta starter is used,
15. Ans: (c) 1
Tst  times starting torque with
Sol: I ac  400A; k  0.7 3
I st , sup ply  k 2 I sc  0.7 2  400  196A 1
DOL starter = 225  75 N  m
3
1
16. Ans: (a) I st  time starting current with
3
Sol: Starting line current with stator winding in star  1
Starting line current with stator winding in delta 3 1
DOL starter =  300  100A
Starting line current with stator winding in 3
delta (DOL) = 3Starting line current with
18. Ans: (b)
stator winding in star
Sol: The synchronous speed of the motor is
= 3  50 =150ª
120f
Ns 
P
17. Ans: (d) 120  50
Sol: Starting current with rated voltage,   1500 rpm
4
Isc = 300 A Given, the rotor speed of induction motor
Full load current, Ifl = 60 A Nr = 1440 rpm
The synchronous speed of the motor is Therefore, per unit slip,
120f N  Nr
Ns  S s
P Ns
120  50
  1000 rpm 1500  1440
6   0.04
1500
Given, the rotor speed of induction motor
The frequency of induced emf in the rotor
at full load Nr fl = 940 rpm
winding due to negative sequence component
Therefore, per unit slip at full load,
is
f2ns = (2 – s)f = (2 – 0.04)50 = 98 Hz

Errata in Induction machines Volume-1

(study material with clasrrom practice
questions)
Page 330: (In Question)
Example 4.54:
A 200W, 230V, 50Hz capacitor – start motor
has the following constants
Main winding: Rm = 4.5, Xm = 3.7
Starting winding: Rs = 9.5 , Xs = 3.5
Find the value of starting capacitance that will
place main and start winding currents in
quadrature at starting.

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Electrical

06. Ans: (c) = (0.617) 2  (4.51) 2

W2 = 6788 W 07. Ans: (b)

Iw2   2   0.218 = 0.617 A

( Iw is core loss component) 36.86

IN2 = 2 I N1 ( IN1 is the magnetizing I1  (0.64) 2  4 2  ( 2  0.64  4  cos( 26.02)

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08. Ans: (c) V2 = 220 V ; f2 = 25Hz ; Wi = 850 W

12. Ans: (a)

We know that, Ph  f -0.6 85A  Cu loss = ?

15. Ans: (a) In SC test,

Wi + 0.25 WCu = 0.0102 ……… (2) 21. Ans: (c)

WCu2 = 272.106 (.8)2 Cu loss of FL = 4081.63

= 0.072 p.f = cos = cos (21.80) = 0.928 lead

I 2 R 02 cos 2  I X 2 sin 2 Sol: Rpu = 0.01 +

From given data,

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32. Ans: (*) 34. Ans: 218.8

36. Ans: (*) Load current wrt primary is

Primary rated current 38. Ans: (a)

X1 = Z12  R12 = 17.282  3.22

Let Vbc windings is interchanged. Iph

Resultant voltage Iph

= E180o + E300o + E60o

[ Lagging Load] E120

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E And I  I    120  180

48. And: (c) 50. Ans: (a)

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kVA transformed = (1K) kVAAT and 610  0.745  103

= 8400  1000 = 8.4 MVA 400

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For resistive load power factor is at unity. mmf = 15620.4 –39.8

59. Ans: (b) 61. Ans: (a)

Equivalent circuit referred to H.V side. N 2 A

= 4000+5.88[21.60.85+15.860.526] 01. Ans: 1609 (Range: 1600 to 1610)

62. Ans: (b) ZN p

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 N = 1609 rpm 03. Ans: (a)

 Ia1 = 0.4  103 A x

= 49.7333.33 W 2NT 2  1000

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Shaft torque = 1800 Nm/rad = 36000 watt

Shaft torque = 900 Nm/rad R =  0.062 

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= 200 – 40 (0.1+0.15) I a 2 350

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13(b). Ans: 2.6  To run the motor in reverse direction, the

V 2 2502 = 400 + 25 (16/25)

 Ra = 16/25   p1:p2 = 10: 12

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Every individual magnet should contains 

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 m  10. Ans: (a)

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480 In figure (b), rotor field axis is in lagging

(0.6)  1(0.5) 1.1 V sin   I a X q

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( 239 .06  0.08  13 .912  0.4) 2 Excitation voltage is

27. Ans: – 6.97%